CN117104355A - 用于道路车辆的包括金属丝的复合车身部件、相关的道路车辆和相关的生产方法 - Google Patents

用于道路车辆的包括金属丝的复合车身部件、相关的道路车辆和相关的生产方法 Download PDF

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CN117104355A
CN117104355A CN202310591351.3A CN202310591351A CN117104355A CN 117104355 A CN117104355 A CN 117104355A CN 202310591351 A CN202310591351 A CN 202310591351A CN 117104355 A CN117104355 A CN 117104355A
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component
vehicle
outer portion
road vehicle
composite layers
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斯特凡诺·托梅伊
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Ferrari Co ltd
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Ferrari Co ltd
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
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  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于道路车辆(1)的车身(7)部件(8)包括:外部部分(10),其被配置为布置在道路车辆(1)的外侧上并且限定车顶板的第一侧(11);内部部分(12),其被配置为相对于外部部分(10)朝向道路车辆(1)的乘坐室(3)布置,并且限定车顶板的第二侧(13);其中外部部分(10)包括一个或多个第一复合材料层(14),每个第一复合材料层包括增强织构(W);其中所述一个或多个第一复合材料层(14)的最外层(19)包括被编织到增强织构(W)中的多个金属丝(20),所述最外层(19)即是在使用中从道路车辆(1)的外部可见的层。

Description

用于道路车辆的包括金属丝的复合车身部件、相关的道路车 辆和相关的生产方法
相关专利申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求于2022年5月24日提交的意大利专利申请第102022000010733号的优先权,其全部公开内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于道路车辆的具有金属丝的复合车身部件、一种相关的道路车辆以及一种用于生产该车身部件的相关方法。
特别地,本发明可以有利地但非排他地应用于高性能汽车的车身部件,在下面的描述中将对其进行明确的参考,而不会因此失去一般性。
背景技术
已知的是,道路车辆通常包括基本上由底盘和车身组成的壳体。车身包括道路车辆的最外部件,因此,这些最外部件对用户可见。这些部件通常还包括车顶或车顶板,即通常形状像略微弯曲的板的元件,该元件实现保护道路车辆的乘客免受大气因素影响以及在汽车倾斜的情况下保护道路车辆的乘客的功能。
在大多数情况下,车顶由金属制成,特别是金属片、优选铝,以限制其重量。在这些情况下,后者借助于诸如螺纹构件或铆钉的固定装置而固定到壳体的其余部分上。
相反,在其他已知的情况下,车顶可以由金属以外的材料制成,例如玻璃或复合材料,例如包括碳纤维。在这些情况下,车顶借助于粘合剂、密封剂或胶水而直接胶合到壳体的其余部分。
近年来,特别是在高性能车辆中,制造商试图尽可能减轻车辆重量,因此使用诸如碳纤维的复合材料来制造大部分车身。然而,为了在不降低车辆在空气动力学和声音阻尼方面的性能的情况下保持适当的厚度,现代车顶通常由若干个元件组成。
一般来说,现代车顶是通过将外部元件(也称为美学涂层或外层,例如由铝制成)和内部元件(也称骨架或内层)进行接合、特别是通过外周胶合(例如借助于聚氨酯胶)而获得的,所述外部元件具有美学和空气动力学功能,并且从车辆外部可见,所述内部元件具有严格的结构功能(事实上,它通常比外部部件具有更大的厚度)以及性能相关的功能。骨架通常面对乘坐室的内部,并且包括例如网状结构和/或一个或多个横向构件(通常由金属制成,目的是提高车顶板的刚度),这些横向构件被配置为加固车顶。
从隔音的角度来看,碳纤维车顶单独通常表现不佳。
出于这个原因,一些现代铝制车顶还包括插入在一个横向构件与另一个横向构件之间的吸声材料。
由于上述原因,在申请人看来,尽管已知技术的解决方案是起作用的,但它们可以进行改进。
一般来说,除了道路车辆乘坐室的乘员有更好的感觉之外,还需要进一步减轻重量,以及更简单的组装和更好的声音阻尼性能,从而增加舒适性并因此增加驾驶乐趣。
此外,已知的由碳纤维制成的车顶或车顶板通常是深色的和不透明的,因此,必须提高道路车辆在非常黑暗的条件下的可见度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于道路车辆的具有金属丝的复合车身部件、一种相关的道路车辆和一种相关的车身部件生产方法,它们至少部分地没有上述缺点,同时制造和实施起来简单且经济。
根据本发明,提供了在所附的独立权利要求中并且优选地在直接或间接从属于独立权利要求的任何一个从属权利要求中所述的一种用于道路车辆的具有金属丝的复合车身部件、一种相关的道路车辆和一种相关的车身部件生产方法。
所附权利要求描述了本发明的优选实施方式,并形成了描述的组成部分。
附图说明
在下文中,通过非限制性示例并参照附图来描述本发明的一些实施方式,以便允许更好地理解本发明,在附图中:
图1是根据本发明的道路车辆的可能实施方式的示意性立体图,为了更清楚起见省略了细节;
图2是根据本发明的可能实施方式的车顶板的示意性立体图;
图3是图2的车顶板的立体剖视图;
图4是图3的车顶板的示意性剖面侧视图;
图5是根据本发明的另外的实施方式的车身部件的立体剖视图;
图6是图5的车身部件的示意性剖面侧视图;以及
图7是示出根据本发明的生产方法的步骤的框图。
附图标记列表
1-车辆;2-车轮;3-乘坐室;4-前部;5-后部;6-壳体;7-车身;8-车身部件;9-车顶;10-外部部分;11-第一侧;12-内部部分;13-第二侧;14-第一层;15-第二层;16-中间部分;17-吸声层;18-单个多层体;19-最外层;20-金属丝;21-第一粘合膜;22-第二粘合膜;23-第一层压步骤;24-第一形成步骤;25-耦合步骤;26-第二形成步骤;27-涂覆步骤;28-美学膜;29-安装步骤;A-纵向轴线;D-向前行驶方向;F-纤维;M-吸声材料;W-增强织构。
具体实施方式
在图1中,附图标记1表示整体的具有两个前车轮2和两个后车轮2(特别是驱动车轮)的道路车辆。车辆1具有乘坐室3,乘坐室3被设计为容纳至少一个驾驶员并且优选地容纳一个或多个乘客。
在图中,相同的数字和相同的参考字母表示相同元件或具有相同功能的组件。
就本发明而言,术语“第二”组件并不意味着存在“第一”组件。事实上,这些术语仅用作提高清楚性的标签,而不应以限制性方式进行解释。
包含在不同的优选实施方式、所包括的附图中的元件和特征可以彼此组合或彼此分离,而不会因此超出下文所述的本专利申请的保护范围。
道路车辆1根据其在图1中沿着直线纵向轴线A表示的向前行驶方向D具有前部4和后部5。
此外,道路车辆1包括底盘(是已知的类型,因此未详细示出)和壳体6,壳体6包括固定到底盘上的车身7。
车身7包括道路车辆1的最外部件,因此,这些最外部件从车辆1的外部可见。
车身7包括如下所述的至少一个车身部件8。
特别地,有利地但不是必须地,并且如附图的非限制性实施方式所示,车身部件8包括/是车辆车顶9,该车辆车顶9在顶部界定乘坐室3。
在未在本文中示出的其他非限制性情况下,车身部件8不同于车辆车顶9。
在下文中,术语“车顶板”应被视为等同于“车顶”。
有利地但不是必须地,车身部件8(例如车顶9)借助于外周胶合(例如,借助于(双组分)环氧树脂胶)而装配到道路车辆1的其余部分上(例如,装配到结构骨架上)。
特别地,车身部件8包括外部部分10,该外部部分10被配置为布置在道路车辆1的外侧上并限定车身部件8的第一侧11(例如,车顶9的第一侧,如图2至图4所示)。
此外,车身部件8包括内部部分12,该内部部分12被配置为相对于外部部分10朝向道路车辆1的乘坐室3布置,并且限定车身部件8的第二侧13(例如,车顶9的第二侧13,如图2至图4所示)。
换句话说,第一侧是从道路车辆1的外部可见的一侧,而第二侧是从道路车辆1的乘坐室3的内部可见的一侧。
如图3至图6的非限制性实施方式所示,外部部分10优选地包括一个或多个第一复合材料层14。特别地,每个第一层14都包括增强织构W(即,相互交织的纤维(例如碳纤维)的交叉)。
此外,有利地但不是必须地,内部部分12也包括一个或多个第二复合材料层15。
有利地但不是必须地,车身部件8还包括中间部分16,该中间部分16布置在外部部分10与内部部分12之间。特别地,中间部分16又包括吸声材料M的层17(优选地,为板的形式)。术语“吸声”表示能够吸收声波,防止声波的一部分在表面上反弹并使声波以回响和回声的形式在周围环境中反射,从而提高车辆1(特别是乘坐室3)的声学舒适性的材料M。在定量方面,术语“吸声”在本公开中表示吸声等级在从A到D的范围(是根据标准UNI ENISO11654:1998计算的)内的材料。
根据图3至图6的非限制性实施方式,内部部分12、中间部分16和外部部分10一体地耦合在一起,从而形成单个多层体18。
根据一些非限制性实施方式,如图5和图6所示的实施方式,所述一个或多个第一复合材料层14的最外层19(即,在使用中从道路车辆1的外部可见的层)包括被编织到增强织构W中的多个金属丝20。这样,无论车身部件8是车顶9还是车身的任何其他部分还是车身整体,车身部件8都使车辆1在较大程度上可见并且在黑暗条件下更容易可见,从而增加了安全性,同时增加了识别道路车辆1的可能性。
根据一些优选的非限制性实施方式,金属丝20由铜或其合金制成。
根据其他非限制性实施方式,金属丝18由金、银、铂、锡、锌或其合金制成。
有利地但不是必须地,并且如图5的非限制性实施方式所示,增强织构W包括碳纤维布,金属丝20跨越该碳纤维布的纤维F而编织。
特别地,布的纤维在构成布的纬线的纤维F与构成布的经线的纤维之间以0°/90°的取向编织,即在两个不同的方向上编织。
在一些非限制性情况下,如图中所示的情况,金属丝18在单一方向上编织,即,与构成纤维布的纬线的纤维F或构成纤维布的经线的纤维一起编织。
在未在本文中示出的其他非限制性情况下,金属丝18在两个方向上编织,即与构成纤维布的纬线的纤维F和构成纤维布的经线的纤维一起编织。
有利地但不是必须地,金属丝18的厚度大于或等于构成布的碳纤维F的厚度。
根据一些优选的非限制性实施方式,如图3至图6所示的实施方式,吸声材料是闭孔泡沫,特别是膨胀树脂,优选热塑性树脂。
优选地,为了允许与其他类型的车顶一致(例如与玻璃车顶一致)的安装过程,吸声材料M的层17的厚度为8mm或更小,优选为6mm或更小,特别是大约4mm。
有利地但不是必须地,并且如图4和图6的非限制性实施方式所示,中间部分16和内部部分12借助于布置在它们之间的第一粘合膜21彼此耦合。
有利地但不是必须地,并且如图4和图6的非限制性实施方式所示,中间部分16和外部部分10借助于布置在它们之间的第二粘合膜22彼此耦合。
在一些优选的非限制性情况下,外部部分10包括(除了具有金属丝20的最外层19,如果存在的话)奇数个第一复合材料层14,特别是至少三个、优选五个第一复合材料层14,如图3至图6的非限制性实施方式所示。这样,可以保持外部部分10的结构对称性。
在未在本文中示出的其他优选的非限制性情况下,外部部分10包括(如果存在的话,包括具有金属丝20的最外层19)奇数个第一复合材料层14,特别是至少三个、优选五个第一复合材料层14,如图3至图6的非限制实施方式所示。这样,可以保持整个外部部分10的对称性。
有利地,但不是以限制性方式,根据上述公开内容,外部部分10包括(除了具有金属丝20的最外层19,如果存在的话)彼此交替的至少两个、优选三个(图4和图6)具有至少第一克重(grammage)的第一复合材料层14’和至少一个、优选两个(图4和图6)具有第二克重的第一复合材料层14”。术语“克重”表示以克/平方米为单位表示的纤维F布的重量。
特别地,第一克重小于第二克重。这样,可以借助于第二克重来获得通过第一克重不可能获得的结构性能,而第一克重满足了通常为这些复合材料设置的美学要求。因此,有利地但不是必须地,外部部分10的外层具有第一克重。
优选地,但不是以限制性方式,第一克重在从200g/m2到300g/m2的范围内,而第二克重在从300g/m2到500g/m2的范围内。
出于相同的对称性和美感相关的原因,内部部分12优选地包括至少两个第二复合材料层,该第二复合材料层具有在从200g/m2到300g/m2的范围内的克重,即具有外部部分10的外层的第一克重。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种用于生产根据到此为止做出的公开内容的车身部件8(例如,车顶9或车顶板)的方法。
特别地,该方法的一些主要步骤在图7的框图中示出。
该方法包括层压步骤23,在该层压步骤期间,外部部分10的所述一个或多个复合材料层14通过在专用模具(是已知的类型,例如具有车顶9的形状,因此在下文中不更详细地描述)上层压而成形。
此外,该方法包括在第一层压步骤23之后的第一形成步骤24(大体表示图7的步骤24’、24”),在该第一形成步骤24期间形成外部部分10。
在一些非限制性情况下,第一步骤24’需要借助于热压站(是已知的类型,因此在下文中不更详细地描述,即没有高压蒸汽循环(autoclave cycle))对所述一个或多个复合材料层14进行热压来形成外部部分10。在不存在具有金属丝20的最外层19的情况下,热压是可优选的,但不以限制性方式。
在其他非限制性情况下,第一步骤24”需要借助于用于所述一个或多个复合材料层14的高压蒸汽循环(是已知的类型,因此不更详细地描述)来形成外部部分10。在存在具有金属丝20的最外层19的情况下,外部部分10的高压蒸汽处理形成是可优选的,但不以限制性方式。
该方法还包括在第一层压步骤23和形成步骤24之后的耦合步骤25,在该耦合步骤25期间,吸声材料M的层17和内部部分12的所述一个或多个第二复合材料层15耦合到外部部分10,吸声材料M的层17和内部部分12的所述一个或多个第二复合材料层15优选地直接成形在先前形成的内部部分10上。
最后,该方法包括在耦合步骤25之后的第二形成步骤26,在该第二形成步骤26期间,通过将先前耦合的外部部分10、中间部分16和内部部分12放置在蒸压器中来形成单个多层体18。该步骤优选被应用,而与所使用的第一形成步骤24无关。
有利地但不是必须地,在耦合步骤25期间,中间部分16分别借助于第一粘合膜21和第二粘合膜22耦合到内部部分12和外部部分10。
在一些非限制性情况下,该方法还包括涂覆步骤27,在涂覆步骤27期间,用美学膜或透明膜28或涂料涂覆车身部件8。
最后,该方法随后包括安装步骤29,在安装步骤29期间,例如借助于密封粘合剂或其他固定元件将车身部件8安装在道路车辆1的其余部分上。
在使用中,单个多层体18更容易安装,并且具有与玻璃车顶相同的厚度,从而适应所有组装过程,同时提高道路车辆1阻尼来自外部的噪声方面的性能。
特别地,实验测试表明,在给定相同的总厚度的情况下,车身部件8、特别是车顶9达到的重量比目前使用的由铝制成的对应车顶(具有骨架和可能的横向构件)小25%。
尽管上面描述的本发明具体涉及确切的实施方式,但它不应被认为限于所述实施方式,因为其保护范围还包括所附权利要求所涵盖的所有那些变型、改变或简化,例如不同类型的道路车辆(例如,前驱车辆)、不同形状的车身部件、不同的材料组成等。
上面公开的车身部件、车辆和方法具有许多优点。
首先,它们减轻了道路车辆的结构,从而在相同的表达功率下提高了其性能。
此外,它们简化了车身部件的安装,因为它基本上由唯一的多层体组成。
本发明的另一优点在于,由于集成在单个多层体中的吸声材料M的存在,车辆在声音阻尼方面的性能显著提高,因为吸声材料M的板例如沿着车顶的整个延伸部是连续的,而不会由于骨架网或横向构件的存在而中断。
此外,在存在具有金属丝的外层的情况下,除了使道路车辆本身更加讨人喜欢和豪华,即使在极其黑暗的条件下,也可以更容易地识别车辆,从而提高了车辆和乘客的安全性。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于道路车辆(1)的车身(7)部件(8),其包括:
外部部分(10),其被配置为设置在道路车辆(1)的外部并且限定所述车身(7)部件(8)的第一侧(11);
内部部分(12),其被配置为相对于所述外部部分(10)朝向所述道路车辆(1)的乘坐室(3)布置,并且限定所述车身(7)部件(8)的第二侧(13);
其中所述外部部分(10)包括一个或多个第一复合材料层(14),每个第一复合材料层包括增强织构(W);
所述车身(7)部件(8)的特征在于,所述一个或多个第一复合材料层(14)的最外层(19)包括被编织到所述增强织构(W)中的多个金属丝(20),所述最外层(19)即在使用中从所述道路车辆(1)的外部可见。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车身(7)部件(8),其特征在于,所述金属丝(20)由铜制成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车身(7)部件(8),其特征在于,所述增强织构(W)包括碳纤维织物(F),所述金属丝(20)在所述碳纤维织物的纤维(F)之间编织。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车身(7)部件(8),其特征在于,所述金属丝(20)的厚度大于或等于所述碳纤维(F)的厚度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车身(7)部件(8),其特征在于,所述内部部分(12)包括至少一个或多个第二复合材料层(15);并且
还包括设置在所述内部部分(12)与所述外部部分(10)之间的中间部分(16);
其中所述中间部分(16)还包括吸声材料(M)的层(17);并且
其中所述内部部分(12)、所述中间部分(16)和所述外部部分(10)整体地耦合在一起,形成单个多层体(18)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车身(7)部件(8),其特征在于,所述吸声材料(M)是闭孔泡沫,特别是膨胀树脂,优选热塑性树脂。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的车身(7)部件(8),其特征在于,所述吸声材料(M)的层的厚度为8mm或更小,优选为6mm或更小。
8.根据权利要求5或6或7所述的车身(7)部件(8),其特征在于,所述中间部分(16)和所述内部部分(12)借助于设置在它们之间的第一粘合膜(21)彼此耦合;并且其中所述中间部分(16)和所述外部部分(10)借助于设置在它们之间的第二粘合膜(22)彼此耦合。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的车身(7)部件(8),其特征在于,除了所述最外层(19)之外,所述外部部分(10)还包括奇数个第一复合材料层(14),特别是至少三个、优选五个第一复合材料层(14)。
10.根据权利要求6所述的车身(7)部件(8),其特征在于,除了所述最外层(19)之外,所述外部部分(10)还包括交替布置的至少两个、优选三个具有至少第一克重的第一复合材料层(14)和至少一个、优选两个具有第二克重的第一复合材料层(14);特别地,其中所述第一克重低于所述第二克重,其中所述最外层(19)具有所述第一克重;更具体地,其中所述第一克重为从200g/m2到300g/m2,所述第二克重为从300g/m2到500g/m2;特别地,其中所述内部部分(12)包括至少两个第二复合材料层(15),所述第二复合材料层形成为具有从200g/m2到300g/m2的克重。
11.一种用于生产根据权利要求1所述的车身(7)部件(8)的方法,其包括:
层压步骤,在所述层压步骤期间,所述外部部分(10)的所述一个或多个第一复合材料层(14),包括具有金属丝(20)的所述最外层(19),通过在特殊模具上层压而成形;
在所述层压步骤(23)之后的第一形成步骤(24),在所述第一形成步骤期间,通过对所述一个或多个第一复合材料层(14)进行至少一个高压蒸汽循环来形成所述外部部分(10);
在所述第一形成步骤(24)之后的耦合步骤(25),在所述耦合步骤期间,将所述吸声材料(M)的层和所述内部部分的所述一个或多个第二复合材料层(15)耦合到所述外部部分(10),它们成形在先前形成的内部部分(12)上;
在所述耦合步骤(25)之后的第二形成步骤(26),在所述第二形成步骤期间,通过将先前耦合的外部部分(10)、所述中间部分(16)和所述内部部分(12)布置在蒸压器中来形成单个多层体(18)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述耦合步骤(25)期间,所述中间部分(16)分别借助于第一粘合膜(21)和第二粘合膜(22)耦合到所述内部部分(12)和所述外部部分(10)。
13.一种道路车辆(1),其包括:
车轮(2),其中至少一对车轮(2)被驱动;
包括车身(7)的壳体;
所述道路车辆(1)的特征在于,所述车身(7)包括至少一个根据权利要求1所述的部件(8)或至少一个根据权利要求11所述的方法制造的部件(8)。
14.根据权利要求13所述的车辆(1),其特征在于,所述车身(7)的所述部件(8)是车辆车顶(9)。
15.根据权利要求14所述的车辆(1),其特征在于,所述车辆车顶(9)通过周边粘接而安装到所述车辆(1)的其余部分上。
CN202310591351.3A 2022-05-24 2023-05-24 用于道路车辆的包括金属丝的复合车身部件、相关的道路车辆和相关的生产方法 Pending CN117104355A (zh)

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