CN116615397A - 具有若干板的层合装配玻璃，其中相邻板彼此相邻定位的区域通过插入结构元件而被强化 - Google Patents

具有若干板的层合装配玻璃，其中相邻板彼此相邻定位的区域通过插入结构元件而被强化 Download PDF

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CN116615397A
CN116615397A CN202180084208.4A CN202180084208A CN116615397A CN 116615397 A CN116615397 A CN 116615397A CN 202180084208 A CN202180084208 A CN 202180084208A CN 116615397 A CN116615397 A CN 116615397A
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glazing unit
laminated glazing
glass
intermediate adhesive
juxtaposed
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C·拉高-戈麦斯
J-C·萨维斯蒂
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
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    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
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    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10119—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
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    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10128—Treatment of at least one glass sheet
    • B32B17/10137—Chemical strengthening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种层合装配玻璃单元，其包括至少第一和第二基础透明层合板，所述层合板的边缘彼此相邻，并且其各自的玻璃片材是彼此不同并且分隔的，其特征在于，一方面第一板的玻璃片材(1，4)和另一方面第二板的玻璃片材(2，5)通过中间粘合层(7)成对地连接在一起，所述中间粘合层(7)刚性地连接到第一和第二板的组件的表面，并且特征在于在第一和第二板彼此相邻定位的区域中，结构元件(8)插入到中间粘合层(7)中。本发明还涉及所述层合装配玻璃单元作为用于飞行器，特别是无人驾驶飞机、飞机或直升机，或陆地载具，特别是公路或铁路载具，或船只的装配玻璃单元的用途。

Description

具有若干板的层合装配玻璃，其中相邻板彼此相邻定位的区 域通过插入结构元件而被强化
本发明涉及经受应力的陆地、空中和水上载具的装配玻璃单元领域，所述应力可为机械(压力、冲击等)、热或热机械来源的。目前，在具有复杂形状的不同类型的车辆上，允许驾驶员或乘客具有朝向载具外部的视野的视区散布有属于载具并形成用于固定装配玻璃单元的承载区域的结构区域。例如，在飞机上，视区由结合有结构立柱的若干部分切割，因此限制了视区。在直升机上，存在结构元件，而且还存在结合有紧固件的装配玻璃单元框架。
由结构元件分隔的装配玻璃区域的子组件的这种技术具有若干缺点。
第一个缺点是视区的减少：交通工具的乘员由于结构元件的尺寸而具有相对减小的视区。当装配玻璃单元被装框架时，这些区域都将更小，以便在装配玻璃区域之间包括固定元件(螺钉、铆钉等)。
第二个缺点是质量的增加：从机械应力的观点来看，横截面、材料和中性纤维位置(零应力区域)存在变化，迫使装配玻璃单元和结构以相当大的厚度设定尺寸，使得组件可以承受各种应力。从而，子组件的质量受到很大的影响。
第三个缺点是增加了组装/拆卸时间；由于每个装配玻璃单元必须安装在其外壳中，所以操作花费更久。装配玻璃单元越多，操作就花费越久。
因此，需要提供一种用于生产结构和装配玻璃单元的单一组装方法，在透明组件的层合/热压操作期间将整体集成。
本发明实现了这个目的，因此本发明的主题是一种层合装配玻璃单元，其包括至少第一和第二基础透明层合板，所述层合板的边缘彼此相邻，并且它们各自的玻璃片材是彼此不同的并且分隔的，其特征在于，一方面第一板的玻璃片材和另一方面第二板的玻璃片材通过中间粘合层成对地连接在一起，该中间粘合层刚性地固定到第一和第二板的组件的表面，并且特征在于在第一和第二板彼此相邻定位的区域中，结构元件插入到中间粘合层中。层合装配玻璃单元由若干部分(板)制成。在装配玻璃单元的层合过程中，将结构元件集成到装配玻璃单元中，以便在两个相邻(邻近)板的邻接边缘在这些邻接边缘的任一侧上的一定宽度上的至少一个区域上重叠。如下面将更详细地看到的，选择结构元件的材料和尺寸以便允许层合装配玻璃单元承受其所经受的不同荷载情况。例如，当被鸟撞击时，结构元件可被造成破坏，尽管不会产生安全问题，因为装配玻璃单元的不同板也通过聚合物材料的一个或多个层或片材、特别是通过中间粘合层连接。结构元件提供子组件连接的刚性，由聚合物材料制成的元件在结构元件失效的情况下维持组件。在结构元件破裂的情况下，防鸟功能由中间粘合层提供，不同板之间的粘结材料使得可以保证装配玻璃单元相对于撞击物的密封。
一方面第一板和另一方面第二板的玻璃片材的数量彼此独立地等于n1和n2，它们是相同或不同的大于或等于2的整数。如果n1和n2大于或等于3，则一方面第一板的玻璃片材和另一方面第二板的玻璃片材通过至少两个(在层合结构的两个不同厚度水平处的)中间粘合层成对地结合，所述两个中间粘合层二者在第一和第二板的组件的表面上可以分别地由相同材料制成。然后，在第一和第二板彼此相邻定位的区域中，结构元件插入这两个中间粘合层中的一个中，或两个中，或甚至插入更复杂的层合体中，插入至少三个这样的中间粘合层中，其在层合结构的不同厚度水平处在第一和第二板的组件的表面上由相同的部件形成。
在不背离本发明范围的情况下，层合装配玻璃单元可包括至少三个，并且例如至多七个透明层合板。然后，将它们的边缘沿着限定至少两个并置区域的至少两个并置线并置(例如，根据在每个并置线的任一侧上的一定宽度的带)。在这些并置区域的至少两个中，在所有这些并置区域中或仅在它们的一些中，至少一个结构元件插入至少一个中间粘合层中。这些并置区域中的至少一个可没有结构元件，而不脱离本发明的范围。
优选地，第一板的每个玻璃片材与第二板的相应玻璃片材并置，其间插入垫片。密封件由有机材料制成，例如聚氨酯、硅酮或聚硫化物，其具有密封功能，任选地具有连接所需的柔性，并且是透明的或不透明的。
优选地，结构元件由有机、矿物、复合或金属材料制成。其实例是化学强化的玻璃薄片材，聚合物材料片材，例如具有增强纤维的不饱和环氧树脂或聚酯树脂，所述增强纤维例如玻璃纤维、碳、芳族聚酰胺等。
优选地，玻璃片材由无机玻璃如钠钙玻璃、铝硅酸盐玻璃或硼硅酸盐玻璃制成，任选地硬化、热回火或化学强化，或者由有机玻璃如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)或聚氨酯(PU)制成。
优选地，(每个)中间粘合层由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)或离聚物树脂如被聚胺部分中和的聚(丙烯酸)制成。
优选地，至少第一和第二基础透明层合板各自由至少三个玻璃片材构成，所述至少三个玻璃片材通过中间粘合层成对结合，所述中间粘合层刚性地固定到第一和第二板的组件的表面，并且在第一和第二板的并置区域中，将结构元件插入到至少两个中间粘合层(采用层合结构的两个厚度水平)中，在所有或并非所有这些至少两个中间粘合层中。
在第一变型中，结构元件在第一和第二板的整个并置区域上延伸。这些术语是指在整个长度上延伸的连续区域，在该区域上两个板的边缘例如根据带彼此相邻地定位。
在第二变型中，结构元件在第一和第二板的并置区域的一个部分或若干分隔部分上延伸。当在该并置区域中的若干结构元件插入在层合结构的不同厚度水平处的中间粘合层中时，它们可以在两个板的边缘的整个并置区域(长度)上、在该并置区域的仅一部分上或在若干分隔部分上彼此独立地延伸。这些不同的结构元件在层合体的厚度上或在其两个主表面的平面上可为相同或不同的材料，可为相同或不同的尺寸，以便或多或少地可叠加，或与之相反，它们可为相区分的。机械强度效果以及美学性质可由这些不同的模式产生。
优选地，层合装配玻璃单元包括至少第一、第二和第三基础透明层合板，特别地至多七个。然后在两个相邻的基础板之间限定至少两个并置区域，将至少一个结构元件插入所有这些并置区域中，或者仅插入其中的一些或仅一个中。
本发明的主题还在于先前定义层合装配玻璃单元作为通过粘结、螺栓连接或挤压(pinching)而固定的装配玻璃单元的应用，特别是作为用于飞行器，特别是无人驾驶飞机、飞机，特别是商用喷气机或客机，或直升机，或陆地载具，特别是公路或铁路载具，或船只的装配玻璃单元的应用。
在附图描述的背景中将更好地理解本发明，其中
图1是根据本发明的层合装配玻璃单元的截面示意图。
图2是图1在第一和第二板的并置区域中的横截面的放大图。
图3是双层挡风玻璃的正视图，该双层挡风玻璃旨在占据现有技术的两个挡风玻璃的表面，所述两个挡风玻璃由竖直结构立柱分隔，该竖直结构立柱形成飞行器座舱的一部分。
参照图1和2，根据本发明的层合装配玻璃单元包括第一和第二基础透明层合板。第一基础层合板由第一玻璃片材1通过中间粘合层7粘合到第二玻璃片材4组成。第二基础板由第一玻璃片材2通过中间粘合层7粘合到第二玻璃片材5组成，该中间粘合层7刚性地固定到第一和第二板的整个范围。第一和第二板的第一玻璃片材1、2由相同的材料制成，所述相同的材料例如化学强化的铝硅酸盐玻璃，其厚度适于装配玻璃单元的使用，特别是在2mm和8mm之间。第一和第二板的第二玻璃片材4、5也由相同的材料制成，所述相同的材料例如化学强化的铝硅酸盐玻璃或热回火的钠钙玻璃，具有厚度在2和8mm之间，或厚度在3和16mm之间的聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)、聚氨酯(PU)或聚碳酸酯(PC)。如果这些后者4、5由矿物玻璃制成，则中间粘合层7由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)制成，具有厚度在0.38和8mm之间，如果它们由聚合物材料制成，则中间粘合层由热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)制成，具有厚度在0.5和10mm之间。
第一和第二基础板的边缘限定了相应的轮廓，使得可以如图所示完美地将它们连接起来。
结构元件8仅在两个板的并置区域中嵌入中间粘合层7中，根据在它们的并置轮廓(两个板之间的边界)的任一侧上的带。结构元件8是透明的，并且由化学强化玻璃制成，例如1至2.5mm厚，或者由0.5至4mm厚的金属制成，或者由0.7至3mm厚的用玻璃或芳族聚酰胺增强纤维强化的热固性树脂制成。
第一和第二板的分别第一玻璃片材1、2、分别第二玻璃片材4、5各自通过由可压缩的、可能透明的可变形聚合物材料制成的分别密封件3、6以密封的方式连接，所述聚合物材料例如聚氨酯、硅酮或聚硫化物。
图3示出了相对大表面积的挡风玻璃、构成整个层合挡风玻璃的第一和第二板的外部第一玻璃片材1、2的完整轮廓、以及连接这些第一玻璃片材1、2的密封件3。密封件相对于挡风玻璃的整个表面非常细微和稀疏。
因此，本发明通过消除或减少使用形成载具的躯体/座舱的一部分的结构立柱，或部分地且不完全地分隔装配玻璃表面的安装框架，使得能够增加使用者、飞行员或乘客的视野。相反，本发明提供了相对较大且完全透明的表面，没有用于固定装配玻璃单元的中间结构立柱。其组装和拆卸被简化和加快。

Claims (11)

1.一种层合装配玻璃单元，包括至少第一和第二基础透明层合板，这些层合板的边缘是并置的，并且它们各自的玻璃片材是彼此不同且分隔的，其特征在于，一方面第一板的玻璃片材(1，4)和；另一方面第二板的玻璃片材(2，5)通过中间粘合层(7)成对地连接在一起，该中间粘合层(7)刚性地固定到第一和第二板的组件的表面，并且特征在于在第一和第二板并置的区域中，结构元件(8)插入在中间粘合层(7)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层合装配玻璃单元，其特征在于，第一板的各玻璃片材(1，4)与第二板的相应玻璃片材(2，5)并置，其间插入垫片(3，6)。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层合装配玻璃单元，其特征在于，所述结构元件(8)由有机、矿物、复合或金属材料制成。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层合装配玻璃单元，其特征在于，所述玻璃片材(1，4，2，5)由诸如钠钙玻璃、铝硅酸盐玻璃或硼硅酸盐玻璃的矿物玻璃制成，其任选地被硬化、热回火或化学强化，或者由诸如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)或聚氨酯(PU)的有机玻璃制成。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层合装配玻璃单元，其特征在于，所述中间粘合层(7)由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)或离聚物树脂制成。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层合装配玻璃单元，其特征在于，至少第一和第二基础透明层合板各由至少三个玻璃片材组成，所述玻璃片材通过中间粘合层成对地结合，所述中间粘合层刚性地固定到第一和第二板的组件的表面上，并且特征在于在第一和第二板的并置区域中，结构元件插入到至少两个中间粘合层中。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层合装配玻璃单元，其特征在于，结构元件(8)在第一和第二板的整个并置区域上延伸。
8.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的层合装配玻璃单元，其特征在于，结构元件(8)在第一和第二板的并置区域的一部分或若干分隔的部分上延伸。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层合装配玻璃单元，其特征在于，所述层合装配玻璃单元包括至少第一、第二和第三基础透明层合板。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层合装配玻璃单元作为通过粘结、螺栓连接或挤压而固定的装配玻璃单元的应用。
11.根据权利要求10所述的应用，其作为用于飞行器，特别是无人驾驶飞机、飞机或直升机，或陆地载具，特别是公路或铁路载具，或船只的装配玻璃单元。
CN202180084208.4A 2020-12-14 2021-12-13 具有若干板的层合装配玻璃，其中相邻板彼此相邻定位的区域通过插入结构元件而被强化 Pending CN116615397A (zh)

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