CN117072186B - Arch tunnel excavation device for three-dimensional geological model test - Google Patents
Arch tunnel excavation device for three-dimensional geological model test Download PDFInfo
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- CN117072186B CN117072186B CN202311344462.0A CN202311344462A CN117072186B CN 117072186 B CN117072186 B CN 117072186B CN 202311344462 A CN202311344462 A CN 202311344462A CN 117072186 B CN117072186 B CN 117072186B
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0621—Shield advancing devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
- E21D9/087—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel excavation equipment for three-dimensional geological model test, and discloses an arch tunnel excavation device for three-dimensional geological model test, which comprises a fixed support system, wherein a slag discharging system and a propulsion system are arranged on the fixed support system, a cutting system is arranged at the propulsion end of the propulsion system, and the propulsion system drives the cutting system to advance and retreat and is used for axially excavating an arch tunnel and withdrawing the cutting system after excavation is finished; the slag discharging system is synchronously linked with the cutting system and is used for timely discharging material slag generated in the arch tunnel excavation process. According to the principle of the Lorentz triangle, the double cutterhead formed by combining the Lorentz triangle cutterhead and the circular cutterhead can accurately, efficiently and fully excavate an arch tunnel in a three-dimensional geological model test, and in the process of excavating the arch section, a cutting blind area does not exist. The vibration and the deviation in the excavation process can be reduced by the positioning head and the stable fixed support system, and the running stability of the whole device is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel excavation equipment for three-dimensional geological model tests, and particularly relates to an arch tunnel excavation device for a three-dimensional geological model test.
Background
Due to the complex geological structure and the true three-dimensional high-stress environment of the deep buried tunnel, disaster accidents such as rock burst, large deformation, collapse and the like are often induced under the excavation unloading effect, and the engineering safety, high efficiency and economic promotion are seriously hindered. The three-dimensional geological model test is a test method for researching underground engineering based on similar theory and similar materials, and compared with an in-situ test, the indoor three-dimensional geological model test has the advantages of visual image, high measurement precision, quantitative control and the like, and has become an important means for reproducing the deep-buried tunnel excavation disaster inoculation process, revealing disaster mechanism and researching disaster early warning and prevention and control methods in a specific engineering environment.
The common cross section shape in the deep buried tunnel is mainly circular and arched, and the arched cross section is widely applied to projects such as highway tunnels, mine roadways and the like due to the characteristics of high cross section space utilization rate, large construction range of the tunnel wall support and the like. The surrounding rock mechanical response and catastrophe characteristics in the excavation process of the deep buried arch tunnel are different from those of the deep buried circular tunnel due to the difference of the section shapes, and according to the similar principle, in order to ensure the reliability of the excavation test result of the deep buried arch tunnel in the three-dimensional geological model test, an arch tunnel with the shape similar to that of the prototype tunnel needs to be excavated and formed accurately and efficiently in a full section. However, the existing excavation methods related to the three-dimensional geological model test are difficult to accurately and efficiently excavate an ideal similar arch tunnel, and mainly have the following technical problems:
(1) Manual excavation of arch tunnels can produce large human errors, and excavation efficiency is low.
(2) The blasting excavation arch tunnel has the advantages of high control difficulty, high danger coefficient, easy disturbance and damage to surrounding rock due to blasting vibration, and serious influence on the precision of tunnel sections.
(3) The existing arch tunnel excavating mechanical device adopts an alfalfa leaf blade disc, the bottom swing track of the alfalfa leaf blade disc is arc-shaped, and the arch tunnel with the arc bottom is dissimilar to the flat bottom structural feature of an ideal arch tunnel; the existing arch tunnel excavation mechanical device needs a plurality of parallel fracturing blades and a front half tool bit arch tool shell with fracturing capability, the front half tool bit system is complex, the fracturing efficiency is low, the front half tool bit system is easy to deform easily, meanwhile, a cutting track formed by combining a double-circular rotary cutting blade of a rear half tool bit with the front half tool bit is always provided with a cutting blind area compared with an arch section, high-efficiency excavation of a full-section arch tunnel cannot be realized, and a driving power linkage system of the device is fixedly connected on a supporting system, so that excavation of a left-right inclined tunnel cannot be realized.
Therefore, in order to realize accurate, efficient and full-section arch tunnel excavation in the three-dimensional geological model test, development of an arch tunnel excavation device for the three-dimensional geological model test is highly needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the arch tunnel excavation device for the three-dimensional geological model test comprises a fixed support system, wherein a slag discharging system and a propulsion system are arranged on the fixed support system, a cutting system is arranged at the propulsion end of the propulsion system, and the propulsion system drives the cutting system to advance and retreat and is used for axially excavating an arch tunnel and withdrawing the cutting system after excavation is finished; the slag discharging system is synchronously linked with the cutting system and is used for timely discharging material slag generated in the arch tunnel excavation process.
The fixed support system comprises a bottom plate for supporting an upper structure, a groove-shaped support table is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate through a plurality of support rods, triangular support bodies are arranged in the groove-shaped support table through bolts, the support bodies are divided into a first support body, a second support body and a third support body, a triangular hole is formed in the center of the first support body, the first support body is arranged at the front end of the groove-shaped support table, the second support body and the third support body are arranged at the rear end of the groove-shaped support table, and a propulsion motor installation position is reserved between the second support body and the third support body.
The bottom plate is provided with upward protrusions at equal intervals along the length direction, a storage cavity is formed between the protrusions and the lower surface of the bottom plate, the top of each protrusion is provided with a truckle, and when the excavating device works, studs and nuts connected with the truckles and the protrusions are adjusted to enable the truckles to retract into the storage cavity; when the excavation is finished, the height of the trundle can be reduced by adjusting the stud and the nut on the trundle, so that the excavation device is moved away from the three-dimensional geological model.
The propelling system comprises three groups of propelling modules which are arranged in parallel in a triangular shape, the three groups of propelling modules are respectively and correspondingly arranged at three angular positions of the supporting body, the center of the hollow propelling shaft base is connected with the rear end of the hollow propelling shaft, the front end of the hollow propelling shaft is connected with the cutting system, the three angular positions of the hollow propelling shaft base are respectively hinged with one end of the spherical hinge type connecting rod, the other end of the spherical hinge type connecting rod is respectively connected with the corresponding three groups of propelling modules, and under the combined action of the three propelling motors, the hollow propelling shaft drives the cutting system to realize inclined excavation in the horizontal and vertical directions.
The three groups of propulsion module structures are the same, each propulsion module structure comprises two sliding rails and a screw rod, two ends of each sliding rail are respectively and fixedly arranged on the first supporting body and the second supporting body, the screw rods are located between the two sliding rails, the two ends of each sliding rail are respectively and rotatably connected with the first supporting body and the second supporting body, the propulsion motor is located between the second supporting body and the third supporting body and is fixed on the second supporting body and the third supporting body through bolts, an output shaft of the propulsion motor is fixedly connected with the screw rods, sliding blocks are connected to the screw rods in a threaded mode, two ends of each sliding block are sleeved on the sliding rails, the screw rods are driven to rotate through the propulsion motor, and then the sliding blocks are driven to linearly move along the sliding rails, and are hinged to corresponding spherical hinge type connecting rods.
The cutting system comprises a rotating motor I with a reduction box, a rotating motor II with a reduction box, a gear box I and a gear box II, which are arranged in a shield, wherein the rotating motor I with the reduction box and the gear box I are fixed on a top plate of the shield through bolts; the output end of the rotating motor II with the reduction box is connected with one end of an eccentric rotating shaft through a coupler, a fourth gear is arranged at the other end of the eccentric rotating shaft, which is close to the center, a Lerlo triangle cutter disc is arranged at the end part of the eccentric rotating shaft, the eccentric rotating shaft part between the fourth gear and the Lerlo triangle cutter disc penetrates through an eccentric bearing seat arranged at the bottom of the gear box II, a third gear is fixedly arranged inside the gear box II, and the third gear is an inner gear ring and is meshed with the fourth gear.
The rear end of the positioning head is of a cylindrical structure and is fixed on the axis of the circular cutter head, and a cross alloy blade is arranged at the front end of the positioning head.
The circular cutterhead comprises a cutterhead body, three evenly arranged spokes are arranged on the cutterhead body and are intersected with an axle center, the length of each spoke is equal to the radius of a semicircular arc profile of an arched tunnel to be excavated, and a plurality of tooth-shaped cutting heads are arranged on each spoke.
The ratio of the number of teeth of the third gear to the number of teeth of the fourth gear is 4:3, and the reference circle diameter of the fourth gear is equal to 2.5 times of the radius r of the triangular cutter head of the Lerlo; the adjacent corners of the Lo triangle cutterhead are transited through circular arcs, the circular arc transition areas are cutting edges, a plurality of sawtooth grooves are alternately formed in the circular arc transition areas at three corner positions, and the Lo triangle cutterhead is arranged below the round cutterhead in a staggered mode.
The slag discharging system comprises a slag discharging device, the slag discharging device is arranged at the rear end of the upper surface of the bottom plate of the fixed supporting system, the inlet end of the slag discharging device is connected with one end of a slag discharging pipe, and the other end of the slag discharging pipe penetrates through a shield of the cutting system to be connected with a slag discharging opening.
The invention has the technical effects that:
1. according to the principle of the Lorentz triangle, the double cutterhead formed by combining the Lorentz triangle cutterhead and the circular cutterhead can accurately, efficiently and fully excavate an arch tunnel in a three-dimensional geological model test, and in the process of excavating the arch section, a cutting blind area does not exist.
2. The vibration and the deviation in the excavation process can be reduced by the positioning head and the stable fixed support system, and the running stability of the whole device is ensured.
3. The propulsion system comprises 3 groups of parallel propulsion modules, sliding blocks in the 3 groups of propulsion modules can independently linearly move along the sliding rail, and the hollow propulsion shaft base, the hollow propulsion shaft and the cutting system are driven to advance and retreat along different horizontal and vertical dip angles through 3 movable spherical hinge type connecting rods, so that the excavation of the inclined tunnel is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arch tunnel excavation device for three-dimensional geologic model test according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a cutting system of an arch tunnel excavation device for three-dimensional geologic model test according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the internal structure of the cutting system of the arch tunnel excavation device for three-dimensional geologic model test of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a combination of cutting profiles of a circular cutter and a Lo-triangular cutter according to the present invention;
1. the cutting system comprises a cutting system, a 1-1 circular cutter head, a 1-2 positioning head, a 1-3 tooth-shaped cutting head, a 1-4 triangular cutter head, a 1-5 shield, a 1-6 rotary motor with a reduction box, a 1-7 rotary motor with a reduction box, a 1-8 rotary shaft, a 1-9 eccentric rotary shaft, a 1-10 first gear, a 1-11 second gear, a 1-12 third gear, a 1-13 fourth gear, a 1-14 eccentric bearing seat, a 1-15 coupling, a 2-propulsion system, a 2-1 hollow propulsion shaft, a 2-2 screw, a 2-3 sliding block, a 2-4 sliding rail, a 2-5 propulsion motor, a 2-6 spherical hinge type connecting rod, a 2-7 hollow propulsion shaft base, a 3 slag discharging system, a 3-1 slag discharging port, a 3-2 slag discharging pipe, a 3-3 slag discharging device, a 4 fixed supporting system, a 4-1 first supporting body, a 4-2 supporting body, a 4-3 supporting body, a 4-6 supporting base and a groove-shaped supporting base.
Description of the embodiments
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, an arch tunnel excavation device for a three-dimensional geological model test comprises a cutting system 1, a propulsion system 2, a slag discharging system 3 and a fixed support system 4; the cutting system 1 is positioned at the front end of the device, and the rear end of the cutting system is connected with the propulsion system 2 and is used for cutting an arch tunnel profile in a three-dimensional geological model material; the propulsion system 2 drives the cutting system 1 to advance and retreat, and is used for axially excavating an arch tunnel and withdrawing the cutting system 1 after the excavation is finished; the slag discharging system 3 is connected with the cutting system 1 and synchronously linked, and is used for timely discharging material slag generated in the process of excavating an arch tunnel; the fixed support system 4 is a main frame of the device and is used for installing the propulsion system 2 and the slag discharging system 3.
The fixed support system 4 comprises a bottom plate 4-5 for supporting an upper structure, the upper surface of the bottom plate 4-5 is fixedly connected with the bottom ends of a plurality of support rods 4-6, the plurality of support rods 4-6 are arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate 4-5 in two rows and four columns, the support rods 4-6 of each row are arranged along the length direction of the bottom plate 4-5, a groove-shaped support table 4-4 is arranged at the top end of each support rod 4-6, triangular support bodies are mounted in the groove-shaped support table 4-4 through bolts, the support bodies are divided into a first support body 4-1, a second support body 4-2 and a third support body 4-3, triangular holes are formed in the centers of the first support body 4-1 and are used for the cutting system 1 to penetrate through, the first support body 4-1 is mounted at the front end of the groove-shaped support table 4-5, a propulsion motor 2-5 is reserved between the second support body 4-2 and the third support body 4-3; upward protrusions are equidistantly arranged on the bottom plate 4-5 along the length direction, the protrusions are located between two adjacent supporting rods 4-6, a storage cavity is formed between the protrusions and the lower surface of the bottom plate 4-5, the casters 4-7 are arranged at the tops of the protrusions, and when the excavating device works, studs and nuts connected with the casters 4-7 and the protrusions are adjusted to enable the casters 4-7 to be retracted into the storage cavity; when the excavation is finished, the height of the trundle 4-7 can be reduced by adjusting the stud and the nut on the trundle 4-7, so that the excavation device is moved away from the three-dimensional geological model.
The propulsion system 2 comprises three groups of propulsion modules which are arranged in parallel in a triangle shape, the three groups of propulsion modules are respectively and correspondingly arranged at three angular positions of the supporting body, the three groups of propulsion modules have the same structure and respectively comprise two slide rails 2-4 and a screw rod 2-2, two ends of the two slide rails 2-4 are respectively and fixedly arranged on the first supporting body 4-1 and the second supporting body 4-2, the screw rod 2-2 is positioned between the two slide rails 2-4, two ends of the screw rod 2-2 are respectively and rotatably connected with the first supporting body 4-1 and the second supporting body 4-2 through sealing bearings to play roles of supporting and antifriction, the propulsion system 2 can be effectively fixed, adverse effects caused by vibration of the propulsion motor 2-5 in the process of excavation are reduced, the propulsion motor 2-5 is positioned between the second support body 4-2 and the third support body 4-3 and is fixed on the second support body 4-2 and the third support body 4-3 through bolts, an output shaft of the propulsion motor 2-5 is fixedly connected with the lead screw 2-2, the lead screw 2-2 is in threaded connection with the slide block 2-3, two ends of the slide block 2-3 are sleeved on the slide rail 2-4, the lead screw 2-2 is driven to rotate through the propulsion motor 2-5, and the slide block 2-3 is driven to linearly move along the slide rail 2-4; the three sliding blocks 2-3 of the three groups of propulsion modules are hinged with one end of a corresponding spherical hinge type connecting rod 2-6, the other end of the spherical hinge type connecting rod 2-6 is hinged with a corresponding point of a hollow propulsion shaft base 2-7, the center of the hollow propulsion shaft base 2-7 is connected with the rear end of a hollow propulsion shaft 2-1, the front end of the hollow propulsion shaft 2-1 is connected with a cutting system 1, and under the combined action of three propulsion motors 2-5, the hollow propulsion shaft 2-1 drives the cutting system 1 to realize inclined excavation in the horizontal and vertical directions.
The cutting system 1 comprises a rotating motor I1-6 with a reduction box, a rotating motor II 1-7 with a reduction box, a gear box I and a gear box II, which are arranged in a shield 1-5, wherein the rotating motor I1-6 with the reduction box and the gear box I are fixed on a top plate of the shield 1-5 through bolts, the rotating motor II 1-7 with the reduction box and the gear box II are fixed on a bottom plate of the shield 1-5 through bolts, the output end of the rotating motor I1-6 with the reduction box is connected with one end of a rotating shaft I1-8 through a coupler 1-15, the other end of the rotating shaft I1-8 passes through the side wall of the gear box I and is connected with a first gear 1-10 positioned in the gear box I, one end of the rotating shaft II passes through the side wall of the gear box I and is connected with a second gear 1-11 positioned at the inner side part of the gear box I, the second gear 1-11 is meshed with the first gear 1-10, a circular cutter disc 1-1 is arranged at the outer side part of the rotating shaft II, the circular cutter disc 1-1 is concentric with a rotating shaft of a positioning head 1-2, the rear end of the positioning head 1-2 is in a cross-shaped structure and is fixed at the front end of the positioning head 1-2, and a three-dimensional alloy is positioned in advance, and a vibration is prevented from entering a three-dimensional space position model, and a vibration model is arranged in advance, and a three-dimensional vibration model is prevented; the method comprises the steps that three evenly arranged spokes are intersected at the axis of a circular cutter head 1-1, the lengths of the spokes are equal to the radius of a semicircular arc outline of an arched tunnel to be excavated, a plurality of tooth-shaped cutting heads 1-3 are arranged on the spokes, the tooth-shaped cutting heads 1-3 are used for cutting materials in the rotation process of the circular cutter head 1-1 to form an initial tunnel with a circular outline, a first rotating motor 1-6 with a reduction gearbox in the excavation process is driven by a rotating shaft 1-8, a first gear 1-10 and a second gear 1-11, and then the circular cutter head 1-1 is driven to rotate along the axis of the cutter head;
the output end of a rotating motor II 1-7 with a reduction box is connected with one end of an eccentric rotating shaft 1-9 through a coupler 1-15, a fourth gear 1-13 is arranged at the position, close to the center, of the other end of the eccentric rotating shaft 1-9, a Lerlo triangle cutter head 1-4 is arranged at the end part of the eccentric rotating shaft, the eccentric rotating shaft 1-9 part between the fourth gear 1-13 and the Lerlo triangle cutter head 1-4 penetrates through an eccentric bearing seat 1-14 arranged at the bottom of the gear box II, a third gear 1-12 is fixedly arranged in the gear box II, the third gear 1-12 is an inner gear ring and is meshed with the fourth gear 1-13, the tooth number ratio of the third gear 1-12 and the fourth gear 1-13 is 4:3, and the indexing circle diameter of the fourth gear 1-13 is equal to 2.5 times of the radius r of the Lerlo triangle cutter head 1-4; the adjacent corners of the Lorentz cutter head 1-4 are transited through circular arcs, the circular arc transition areas are cutting edges, a plurality of sawtooth grooves are alternately formed in the circular arc transition areas at three corner positions, the Lorentz cutter head 1-4 is alternately arranged below the rear part of the circular cutter head 1-1, according to the characteristics of the Lorentz, the rotary motor II 1-7 with the reduction gearbox drives the eccentric rotary shaft 1-9 to eccentrically rotate under the constraint of the third gear 1-12 in the excavation process, and accordingly the Lorentz cutter head 1-4 is driven to revolve along the central shaft of the rotary motor II 1-7 with the reduction gearbox while rotating along the central shaft of the cutter head, and finally the rectangular outline is formed by cutting.
The distance between the projection center point of the circular contour formed by cutting the circular cutter head 1-1 and the projection center point of the rectangular contour formed by cutting the Lorentz cutter head 1-4 is L/2, wherein L is the width of the bottom plate of the arched tunnel, and the circular contour and the rectangular contour are mutually matched to jointly form a standard arched contour, so that the double cutter head formed by combining the circular cutter head 1-1 and the Lorentz cutter head 1-4 can precisely, efficiently and fully cut to form an arched tunnel section under the driving of the rotating motor I1-6 with the reduction gearbox and the rotating motor II 1-7 with the reduction gearbox.
The transmission mode of the combination of the first gear 1-10 and the second gear 1-11 can avoid interference between the rotation shaft of the circular cutter 1-1 and the cutting track of the Lo triangle cutter 1-4.
The center of the rear part of the shield 1-5 is connected with the hollow propulsion shaft 2-1, the outer contour of the shield 1-5 is in a waist shape, and two hollow grooves are formed in the shield and used for fixing and protecting two sets of driving and transmission components in the cutting system 1.
The slag discharging system 3 comprises a slag extractor 3-3, the slag extractor 3-3 is arranged at the rear end of the upper surface of a bottom plate 4-5 of the fixed supporting system 4, the inlet end of the slag extractor 3-3 is connected with one end of a slag discharging pipe 3-2, the other end of the slag discharging pipe 3-2 penetrates through a shield 1-5 of the cutting system 1 to be connected with a slag discharging port 3-1, the slag extractor 3-3 works to generate negative pressure so that material slag in a tunnel is sucked from the slag discharging port 3-1 and discharged along the slag discharging pipe 3-2, and the discharged material slag is uniformly stored in a cloth bag in the slag extractor 3-3.
The working process of the arch tunnel excavation device for the three-dimensional geological model test comprises the following steps:
moving the excavation device to the front of the three-dimensional geological model to be excavated and withdrawing the casters 4-7; according to the test scheme, the axial position and direction of the cutting system 1 are preset by adjusting the positions of three sliding blocks 2-3 in the propulsion modules which are arranged in parallel; then cutting the three-dimensional geological model through a cutting system 1, and simultaneously advancing under the drive of a propulsion system 2 to jointly realize the excavation of the arched tunnel; in the process of excavation, material scraps are timely discharged through a slag discharging system 3; and (5) after the excavation is finished, withdrawing the cutting system 1 and removing the excavating device.
Claims (4)
1. The arch tunnel excavation device for the three-dimensional geological model test is characterized by comprising a fixed support system, wherein a slag discharging system and a propulsion system are arranged on the fixed support system, a cutting system is arranged at the propulsion end of the propulsion system, the propulsion system drives the cutting system to advance and retreat along different horizontal and vertical dip angles, the cutting system is used for excavating an arch tunnel, and the slag discharging system is synchronously linked with the cutting system and is used for timely discharging material slag generated in the arch tunnel excavation process;
the fixed support system comprises a bottom plate for supporting an upper structure, a groove-shaped support table is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate through a plurality of support rods, triangular support bodies are arranged in the groove-shaped support table through bolts, the support bodies are divided into a first support body, a second support body and a third support body, a triangular hole is formed in the center of the first support body, the first support body is arranged at the front end of the groove-shaped support table, the second support body and the third support body are arranged at the rear end of the groove-shaped support table, and a propulsion motor installation position is reserved between the second support body and the third support body;
the propelling system comprises three groups of propelling modules which are arranged in parallel in a triangular shape, the three groups of propelling modules are respectively and correspondingly arranged at three angular positions of the supporting body, the center of the hollow propelling shaft base is connected with the rear end of the hollow propelling shaft, the front end of the hollow propelling shaft is connected with the cutting system, the three angular positions of the hollow propelling shaft base are respectively hinged with one end of a spherical hinge type connecting rod, the other end of the spherical hinge type connecting rod is respectively connected with the corresponding three groups of propelling modules, and under the combined action of the three propelling motors, the hollow propelling shaft drives the cutting system to realize inclined excavation in the horizontal and vertical directions;
the three groups of propulsion modules have the same structure and comprise two sliding rails and a screw rod, two ends of the two sliding rails are respectively and fixedly arranged on the first supporting body and the second supporting body, the screw rod is positioned between the two sliding rails, two ends of the screw rod are respectively and rotatably connected with the first supporting body and the second supporting body, a propulsion motor is positioned between the second supporting body and the third supporting body and is fixedly arranged on the second supporting body and the third supporting body through bolts, an output shaft of the propulsion motor is fixedly connected with the screw rod, a sliding block is connected with the screw rod in a threaded manner, two ends of the sliding block are sleeved on the sliding rails, the screw rod is driven to rotate through the propulsion motor, and then the sliding block is driven to linearly move along the sliding rails, and is hinged with a corresponding spherical hinge type connecting rod;
the cutting system comprises a rotating motor I with a reduction box, a rotating motor II with a reduction box, a gear box I and a gear box II, which are arranged in a shield, wherein the rotating motor I with the reduction box and the gear box I are fixed on a top plate of the shield through bolts; the output end of a rotating motor II with a reduction box is connected with one end of an eccentric rotating shaft through a coupler, a fourth gear is arranged at the other end of the eccentric rotating shaft, which is close to the center, a Lerlo triangle cutter disc is arranged at the end part of the eccentric rotating shaft, the eccentric rotating shaft part between the fourth gear and the Lerlo triangle cutter disc penetrates through an eccentric bearing seat arranged at the bottom of a gear box II, a third gear is fixedly arranged in the gear box II, and the third gear is an inner gear ring and is meshed with the fourth gear; the Lelo triangular cutterheads are arranged below the rear part of the circular cutterhead in a staggered manner, and the projection center point of the circular outline formed by cutting the circular cutterhead is separated from the projection center point of the rectangular outline formed by cutting the Lelo triangular cutterhead by L/2, wherein L is the width of the arched tunnel bottom plate;
the circular cutter head comprises a cutter head body, three evenly arranged spokes are arranged on the cutter head body and are intersected with the axle center, the length of each spoke is equal to the radius of the semicircular arc outline of the arched tunnel to be excavated, and a plurality of tooth-shaped cutting heads are arranged on each spoke;
the ratio of the number of teeth of the third gear to the number of teeth of the fourth gear is 4:3, and the reference circle diameter of the fourth gear is equal to 2.5 times of the radius r of the triangular cutter head of the Lerlo; the adjacent corners of the Lerlo triangle cutterhead are transited through circular arcs, the circular arc transition areas are cutting edges, and a plurality of sawtooth grooves are alternately formed in the circular arc transition areas at three corner positions.
2. An arch tunnel excavation device for three-dimensional geologic model testing as defined in claim 1, wherein: the bottom plate is provided with upward protrusions at equal intervals along the length direction, a storage cavity is formed between the protrusions and the lower surface of the bottom plate, the top of each protrusion is provided with a truckle, and when the excavating device works, studs and nuts connected with the truckles and the protrusions are adjusted to enable the truckles to retract into the storage cavity; when the excavation is finished, the height of the trundle can be reduced by adjusting the stud and the nut on the trundle, so that the excavation device is moved away from the three-dimensional geological model.
3. An arch tunnel excavation device for three-dimensional geologic model testing as defined in claim 1, wherein: the rear end of the positioning head is of a cylindrical structure and is fixed on the axis of the circular cutter head, and a cross alloy blade is arranged at the front end of the positioning head.
4. An arch tunnel excavation device for three-dimensional geologic model testing as defined in claim 1, wherein: the slag discharging system comprises a slag discharging device, the slag discharging device is arranged at the rear end of the upper surface of the bottom plate of the fixed supporting system, the inlet end of the slag discharging device is connected with one end of a slag discharging pipe, and the other end of the slag discharging pipe penetrates through a shield of the cutting system to be connected with a slag discharging opening.
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| JP2007284909A (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-11-01 | Shimizu Corp | Turning mechanism and excavator |
| CN103075160A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-05-01 | 山东大学 | Visual micro tunnel driving system suitable for model testing |
| CN110656949A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2020-01-07 | 山东大学 | Profiling tunneling system and method for model test tunnel excavation of any shape |
| CN114314030A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-12 | 河北工业大学 | Fermented grain discharging device based on parallel mechanism |
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