CN1170469C - Method for obtaining high yield of peanut by physiological techniques - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for promoting high yield of peanuts by physiological techniques, which belongs to the technical field of plant growth. In the growing course of the seedling stage of peanuts, the vertical conveyance of water, nutrients and photosynthates by conduits and sieve tubes in cotyledons and stems can be inhibited to a certain extent artificially, so the contradiction of contending for water, fertilizers and photosynthates between overground and underground parts in the peanut seedling growth stage can be solved so as to reach the goal of controlling overground growth and promoting underground growth. Thus, the method can regulate the harmonic growth of vines, leaves, fruit needles and legume, enhance the accumulation of photosynthates in ovary handles and ovaries, and prompt shortened and thickened fruit needles, uniform needles, high fruit yield and plump fruit to generally increase the yield by 15% to 30%. The scientific growing novel method has the advantages of uniqueness, high efficiency, high benefit, labor saving, worry saving and no need of investment.

Description

The method of high yield of peanut

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method of high yield of peanut, platymiscium planting technology field.

Background technology

Peanut is the most important oil crop of China, in order to improve peanut yield, peasants have used a lot of ways, fertilising, deinsectization, weeding, manage with delicacy, and the advanced cultivations such as AnM taked of later 1950s take clear restraining the growth of seedlings and the seventies, to improving peanut yield very big facilitation is arranged, but along with the rise of extensive cover film production operation, clear the restraining the growth of seedlings and the AnM cultivation all can not use the soil water under the film, fertile sufficient, impel the prosperous length of peanut stem leaf, cause the stem foot joint of peanut long, the fruit pin is thin, the fruit pin distance of burying, the following pin time is not simultaneously, the two benevolence rates of fruit when causing as a result, plumpness is low, sprouts, overdone residual fruit, decayed fruit, not plump fruit phenomenon is more, and peanut quality is poor, yield poorly.

Summary of the invention

Purpose of the present invention is intended to overcome the weak point of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of prosperous long speed of controlling cissoid by the physiological function in the change peanut process of growth is provided, impel the fruit pin to shorten, increase slightly, following pin is neat, thus the method for the high yield of peanut that the results fruit in season is many, fruit is full.

Technical scheme of the present invention realizes by controlling following technical factor:

A, planting requirement: selected one-level improved seeds, carry out monoseeding, cover film after planting, the film loam cake press mold earth 1-2cm at the seed top under the condition of sufficient moisture in the soil;

B, enforcement time: the spring flower life was being emerged back 20-40 days in, and the summer flower life was being emerged back 10-30 days in;

C, enforcement position: at first lateral root and intercotyledonary cotyledon stem;

D, implementation method: in the enforcement time of above-mentioned (b), grasp the cauline leaf base portion, with cotyledon stem half-twist-120 °, cauline leaf restores immediately;

E, state (d) step on the implementation after, according to the management by methods of normal plantation peanut, until results.

Peanut cissoid and pod harmonic growth are the cores that realizes the peanut high yield.Not plump fruit, overdone residual fruit, phenomenon that decayed fruit is many appear in peanut production at present, its reason major part since fruit acanthin amount and burying sooner or later produce, if control improper, about underproduction about 17.5%.Technical scheme of the present invention is in peanut seedling growth process, the artificial cotyledon stem (being blastema) of spraining, make conduit in the cotyledon stem and screen casing carry moisture, nutrient and photosynthetic product to be subjected to a certain degree inhibition up and down, so just, produce two effects, the one, the moisture that root system absorbs, mineral salt are upwards carried and are obstructed, impel root system to enlarge self growth scope, lateral root quantity increases, well developed root system; In addition, cauline leaf can not get sufficient moisture, suppresses the prosperous length of cissoid, impels the stem foot joint to shorten, the distance thereby shortening fruit pin buries; The 2nd, the photosynthetic product of blade manufacturing is carried downwards and is obstructed, and major part is accumulated in the stem foot internode of peanut, and the ovary handle is significantly increased slightly, the fruit acanthin amount height that grows, and following pin is neat, and the results fruit in season is many, fruit is full, damaged fruit is few.

Technical scheme of the present invention belongs to " PT " method of general designation in the world, it is the english abbreviation of English Physiology (physiology) Technology (technology), the meaning is to study physiological function of plants to promote the well stimulation of plant harmonic growth with physiological theory, it is a kind of physiological yield-increasing technology of investment in non-productive projects, implement " PT " of the present invention rotation technique, can solve the peanut seedling on the ground interior and underground water of striving in vegetative period, strive fertilizer, win honour for and close the contradiction of product, reach the purpose of upper-controlling-lower-promoting, regulate the harmonic growth of cissoid and fruit pin pod, strengthen the accumulation of photosynthetic product in ovary handle and ovary, impel the fruit pin to shorten, increase thick, following pin is neat, thereby reach the purpose of volume increase, compare with existing peanut yield increasing technology and to have outstanding substantive distinguishing features and obvious improvement, being scientific commanding elevation, is a kind of unique novel, efficient Gao Yi, laborsavingly save worry, the scientic planting new method of non-investment.

Below in conjunction with embodiment and result of the test the present invention is at length explained.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing is the schematic diagram of peanut seedling growth.

Referring to accompanying drawing, after peanut is emerged, when bearing first pair on the stem during to side shoot 5 and the second alternate side shoot, 9 across, the i.e. group's of entering phase, in group's phase, first pair of growing way to the side shoot 5 and the second alternate side shoot 9 is most important, the fruit pin that grows thereon accounts for the 70%-90% of total fruit pin number, fruit acanthin amount directly has influence on peanut yield, the height of stem foot joint 2 buries to the fruit pin bigger influence is also arranged simultaneously, group's phase is approximately 10-15 days, enters the early flowering season afterwards, and technical scheme of the present invention is embodied as optimal period in a group's phase to early flowering season during this period of time.

Embodiment

The first step, planting requirement is to implement prerequisite of the present invention, in general, want selected anosis no residual one-level improved seeds to do seed, carry out monoseeding under the condition of sufficient moisture in the soil, it is about 15%-30% that sufficient moisture in the soil refers to soil moisture content, after planting cover film 6, cover a lamination seed teleblem earth 7 on film 6 again, thickness is about 1-2cm, can guarantee that like this peanut cotyledon 1 is unearthed;

Second step, sowing finishes, management routinely, begin to calculate the enforcement time after waiting to emerge, the enforcement time is the primary condition of the technology of the present invention, can not too early can not be slow excessively, too early, seedling is too little, and the photosynthetic product of generation influences vine growth and development and flower bud differentiation very little, it is slow to cross, the stem foot joint 2 and the side shoot base pitch 8 of peanut seedling basically form, and implement the effect that " PT " of the present invention rotation technique has not had volume increase again, under the general condition, the enforcement time was grasped after spring flower bears seedling in 20-40 days, and it is comparatively suitable in 10-30 days that summer flower bears behind the seedling; But, peanut is emerged from being seeded into, often because of weather, kind, soil property, soil moisture content influence, differing appears in its breeding time, at this moment just must hold the accurate phenophase, see the sky, see ground, see appearance, because of Miao Eryan, suit the medicine to the illness and implement, observe growth of seedling, treating that seedling enters group and a phase finishes until the early flowering season, is the best enforcement time during this period of time;

In the 3rd step, implementing the position is the key of the technology of the present invention, must hold accurately, not so can not play good result, implements the position accurately and be the cotyledon stem 3 between first lateral root 4 and cotyledon 1, also is referred to as blastema;

The 4th step all met the requirements of under the situation in above-mentioned three steps, can implement, and method is the above cauline leaf base portion of cotyledon that holds peanut seedling, made cotyledon stem 3 half-twists-120 °, decontroled hand then, and cauline leaf automatically replies original state;

During enforcement,, can take two kinds of measures at the truth characteristics of film production, the one, the seedling under the overlay film is plucked out outside the film, clear up left side shoot in film after several days in passing, when making it all expose outside the film, can implement the present invention " PT " simultaneously and handle; The 2nd, to the plot preferably of growing, meeting under the good condition of enforcement time and weather, but the limit is scratched (cauline leaf is all plucked out outside the film) limit and is implemented this method, saving of work and time like this, but must see the sky, see ground, see the growth of cereal crop seedlings,, then must strengthen the eyelet of top film as the hot temperature height in sky, be beneficial to ventilation, bright seedling, prevent to burn.

In the 5th step, the back of implementing to finish continues peanut seedling is managed according to conventional method, until results.

Carry out planting experiment on the spot according to the method described above, result of the test is as follows:

1, test site

Test respectively in farmland covered by contract, association for science and technology demonstration garden, unite the big Tanaka who builds together and carry out.

2, test kind

With spend 17,8802-1 is varieties of plant.

3, test method

(1), in farmland covered by contract, planted in 1997, area is 1.0 mu, is divided into two plantation sub-districts, eight repeat the contrast experiment, select one-level kind grain to carry out monoseeding simultaneously on April 18, average row is apart from 40cm, strain (cave) is apart from 10cm, mu is planted 16500 strains; Carried out " PT " of the present invention rotation technique on May 23 and handle, afterwards conventional production management is carried out in two plantation sub-districts, the growth appearance of observing and write down peanut is until results;

(2), in association for science and technology demonstration garden, used in 1998 and test with quadrat method, area is 2 mu, April 22 sowing was carried out the present invention " PT " rotation technique and is handled on June 6;

(3), moved on in 1999 and unite the big Tanaka that builds together and test, enlarged areas is 4 mu, uses the same method to compare test, carries out monoseeding on April 25, carries out the present invention " PT " rotation technique on June 19 and handles, and watches appearance, keeps a record, until results;

Above-mentioned three test examples are pointed out each replacement table plant of sample method with five and are compared and investigate evaluation when gathering in the crops.

4, result of the test

(1), implements the present invention " PT " rotary process climing and really influence of pin to peanut stem

After implementing " PT " technical finesse, damaged most conduit and screen casing in the cotyledon stem, made the photosynthetic product of root absorption moisture, mineral salt and blade manufacturing carry the inhibition that all is subjected to a certain degree up and down, two effects have been produced, one has increased lateral root quantity, has enlarged the root growth scope; Its two, impel the shortening of the stem foot joint and the fruit pin of peanut, controlled and spent down needle speed in early days, increased the accumulation of photosynthetic product, caused the ovary handle significantly to increase slightly, fruit acanthin amount height to the fruit pin, it is neat to bury, and the results fruit in season is many, fruit is full, decayed fruit and the fruit that sprouts significantly reduce, and specifically test data sees Table 1:

Table 1: implement " PT " rotary process, really influence of pin, root growth climing to stem

Time	Processing method	Stem, climing height (cm)	Stem foot joint height (cm)	The fruit pin			Root system (the fruit pin buries the phase)
									Individual/strain	Average long (cm/ bar)	Dry weight (g/ strain)	Main root long (cm/ strain)	Lateral root (bar/strain)
				1997	" PT " handles	57.0	1.8	62						5.8	2.31	65.1	123
General planting	58.3	2.1	59						6.2	2.03	60.2	98
					1998	" PT " handles	59.8	1.7					64	6.1	2.56	66.7	144
General planting	61.7	2.2	53	6.9					2.32	62.3	112
						1999	" PT " handles	58.7				2.0	68	5.9	2.72	65.4	135
General planting	60.4	2.3	55	6.6	2.40				61.7	108

(2), implement the influence of the present invention " PT " rotary process to yield result

" PT " technology and control group test contrast are implemented in test in 1997 to 1999 3 years, and pod increases production 18.7%, 23.2% and 21.6% respectively, per plant quantity, fruit is heavy, and overdone residual fruit difference comparatively obvious, specifically test data sees Table 2:

Table 2: implement the influence of " PT " rotary process to result, output

Time	Processing method	Fruit number (individual/strain)	Full fruit (individual/strain)	Two benevolence rates (individual/strain)	Mashed, germination fruit (individual/strain)	Per mu yield (kg)	Volume increase (%)
								1997	" PT " handles	17.5	12.9	11.2	0.7	480.3	18.7
General planting	15.4	11.8	8.4	1.9	404.5
						1998	" PT " handles		18.9	13.8	11.8	0.5	513.9	23.2
General planting	15.7	11.9	8.1	2.1	416.8
							1999	" PT " handles	19.7	14.2	11.9	0.8	512.2		21.6
General planting	15.3	11.4	9.8	2.5	421.3

5, discuss

After implementing " PT " rotary process, factor base of leaf (blastema) is turned round, conduit in it and screen casing and cambium all are subjected to certain damage, just play the effect of upper-controlling-lower-promoting, one, conduit is injured, moisture and mineral salt are upwards carried and are obstructed, root system obtains than juicy and mineral salt, the lateral root number is increased, the root growth expanded range.In addition, cauline leaf can not get corresponding moisture, suppresses the prosperous length of cissoid, and the stem foot joint is shortened, thereby has also shortened the distance that the fruit pin buries; Its two, screen casing is injured, photosynthetic product is carried downwards and is obstructed, carbohydrate is preserved in ovary handle and ovary, ovary handle dimension pipe element significantly increases slightly, has postponed to descend in early days needle speed, causes down pin neat, and the fruit pin is short and thick, quality is higher, and when gathering in the crops, fruit is many, fruit satisfies, overdone damaged fruit, not plump fruit are few, reach the volume increase purpose.

6, points for attention

When implementing, influence because of various factorss such as weather, soil, moisture, different growing states can appear in seedling, hold " changeing wet (soil moisture content) does not become a cadre; change strong (prosperous seedling) and do not change weak ", suit measures to local conditions, grasp flexibly, day drought, soil are dry, wilting seedling, too small and weak seedling will be implemented cautiously or not.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of method of high yield of peanut, realize by controlling following technical factor:

A, planting requirement: selected one-level improved seeds are to carry out monoseeding under the condition of 15%-30% in soil moisture content, cover film after planting, the film loam cake press mold earth 1-2cm at the seed top;

B, enforcement time: the spring flower life was being emerged back 20-40 days in, and the summer flower life was being emerged back 10-30 days in;

C, enforcement position: first lateral root and intercotyledonary cotyledon stem;

D, implementation method: in the enforcement time of above-mentioned (b), grasp the cauline leaf base portion, with cotyledon stem half-twist-120 °, cauline leaf restores immediately;

E, state (d) step on the implementation after, according to the management by methods of normal plantation peanut, until results.

According to the method for the described high yield of peanut of claim 1, it is characterized in that 2, the described enforcement time begins to finish to the early flowering season for the group from peanut seedling a phase.