CN1170416A - 用于制备星形聚合物组合物的方法 - Google Patents
用于制备星形聚合物组合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1170416A CN1170416A CN95196947A CN95196947A CN1170416A CN 1170416 A CN1170416 A CN 1170416A CN 95196947 A CN95196947 A CN 95196947A CN 95196947 A CN95196947 A CN 95196947A CN 1170416 A CN1170416 A CN 1170416A
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical group CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M methacrylate group Chemical group C(C(=C)C)(=O)[O-] CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XZKRXPZXQLARHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-dienylbenzene Chemical class C=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XZKRXPZXQLARHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002897 diene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- -1 alkyl methacrylate Chemical compound 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 6
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
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- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IYSVFZBXZVPIFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-(4-ethenylphenyl)benzene Chemical group C1=CC(C=C)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 IYSVFZBXZVPIFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-AAKVHIHISA-N 2,3-bis[[(z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl (z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(O)CCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-AAKVHIHISA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene Chemical group CC(=C)CC(C)(C)C FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017090 AlO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RPWFJAMTCNSJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecyl gallate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 RPWFJAMTCNSJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000004859 Gamochaeta purpurea Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NSOXQYCFHDMMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(O)CN(CC(C)O)CCN(CC(C)O)CC(C)O NSOXQYCFHDMMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940059260 amidate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- UPCIBFUJJLCOQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethyl-[2-[2-[ethyl(dimethyl)azaniumyl]ethyl-methylamino]ethyl]-dimethylazanium;dibromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].CC[N+](C)(C)CCN(C)CC[N+](C)(C)CC UPCIBFUJJLCOQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NPUKDXXFDDZOKR-LLVKDONJSA-N etomidate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CN=CN1[C@H](C)C1=CC=CC=C1 NPUKDXXFDDZOKR-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZZVMEUAUWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN(C)C ZUHZZVMEUAUWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIEKYBOPAVTZKW-UHFFFAOYSA-L naphthalene-2-carboxylate;nickel(2+) Chemical group [Ni+2].C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21.C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 UIEKYBOPAVTZKW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- LYJZNXAVZMEXDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-8-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(OC(=O)C(C)=C)CCCCCCC LYJZNXAVZMEXDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- DBSDMAPJGHBWAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC(C=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 DBSDMAPJGHBWAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M149/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/30—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
- C08F8/32—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups by reaction with amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
- C10M143/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing aromatic monomer, e.g. styrene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
- C10M143/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing conjugated diene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种制备含氮的星形聚合物组合物的方法,星形聚合物组合物具有氢化的共轭二烯的聚合分支臂和基本上较小的甲基丙烯酸烷基酯聚合分支臂,在润滑油中制备了聚合物的浓缩物后,星形聚合物组合物与胺类进行有效反应,从而形成分散剂粘度指数改进剂。
Description
本发明涉及用于制备星形聚合物组合物的方法及其用于石油组合物作为粘度指数改进剂的用途。
在欧洲专利申请No.0603955 A2中描述了作为石油和润滑剂的粘度指数改进剂的星形聚合物。这些星形聚合物包括:
至少3个第一分支臂,每个分支臂包括氢化的,聚合的共轭二烯并具有峰值分子量从10,000至200,000;
至少3个第二分支臂,每个分支臂包括聚合的甲基丙烯酸酯和/或酰胺或酰亚胺及其衍生物,并具有峰值分子量从500至10,000;和
一个包括聚合的双不饱和单体的中心核,其中在星形构型中,中心核连接第一分支和第二分支臂。
通常是在胺类存在下,于250℃通过挤出基础的聚合物生产酰胺或酰亚胺的衍生物。
然而,应该注意到在这样的高温下,在聚合物中的丁二烯单元和异戊二烯单元热降解。此外,这种挤出方法使聚合物承受过大的剪切应力。因此,挤出方法受聚合物的限制,要能耐过热和耐应力过大。
令人惊奇的是,人们已经发现,在润滑油中通过加入酸催化剂,其后把胺类加入到基础聚合物的浓缩物中,能够有助于制备含氮的星形聚合物衍生物而不使基础的聚合物承受过热和过大应力。
因此,本发明涉及用于制备含氮的星形聚合物组合物的方法,包括下列步骤:a)在润滑油中溶解星形聚合物,聚合物的浓度小于50%重量,其中星形聚合物包括:至少3个第一分支臂,每个分支臂包括氢化的,聚合的共轭单元并具有峰值分子量从10,000至200,000;
至少3个第二分支臂,每个分支臂包括聚合的甲基丙烯酸酯单元并具有峰值分子量从500至10,000;和
一个包括聚合的双不饱和单体的中心核,其中在星形构型中,中心核连接第一分支臂和第二分支臂;b)用酸催化剂与溶解的星形聚合物反应;和c)用胺类与溶解的星形聚合物反应。
在欧洲专利申请No.0603955 A2中所描述的星形聚合物与本发明所用的星形聚合物相一致,在此引入作参考。优选星形聚合物溶解在润滑油中,聚合物的浓度为3-30%重量。
相应于本发明的适当的大于75%的聚合的甲基丙烯酸烷基酯单元被转化成酰胺基团。优选至少80%,和更优选至少90%的聚合的甲基丙烯酸酯单元被转化成酰胺基团。例如当第二分支臂包括聚合的甲基丙烯酸叔-丁酯时,容易达到目的。
本发明的星形嵌段聚合物的制备是通过下述方式得到的,制备包括共轭二烯单元的第一分支臂;通过聚合双不饱和单体偶联第一分支臂;生长包括来自聚合的双不饱和单体的甲基丙烯酸烷基酯单元的第二分支臂和氢化聚合的共轭二烯单元。共轭二烯单元(优选为异戊二烯或丁二烯单元)用引发剂(优选为烷基锂)进行阴离子聚合。优选具有仲烷基的烷基锂引发剂。最优选的是仲-丁基锂。
双不饱和单体偶联共轭二烯分支臂成“星形”分子,它具有从包括聚合的双不饱和的化合物的中心核辐射的许多第一聚合物分支臂。偶联后分子的核含有残余锂的活性点,它引发第二聚合分支臂的生长。
一个或多个第一聚合的分支臂可以包括聚合的乙烯基芳烃单元,单独地,或以与聚合的共轭二烯单元递变的或嵌段的构型。优选的乙烯基芳烃是苯乙烯并对于星形聚合物优选苯乙烯含量小于10%。
通过在适度的反应条件下,在适当的反应溶剂中,用单体和聚合反应引发剂接触的常规方法进行聚合反应以生产第一聚合的分支臂。烃类反应溶剂,特别是环脂肪烃溶剂(如环己烷)适于作反应溶剂。在某些情况下,使用强极性的反应溶剂是有用的,在这种情况下使用混合溶剂,经常是环己烷和极性共溶剂,例如一种醚共溶剂如二乙醚或四氢呋喃的混合物。优选使用环己烷或环己烷-二乙醚作为反应溶剂。聚合反应温度是适度的,例如从10℃至约80℃,经常在室温进行聚合反应。反应压力是足以保持反应混合物在液相状态的压力。通常的反应压力是从0.8至5个大气压。
通过常规方法(如控制引发剂与单体的比例)获得控制第一聚合的分支的分子量。由于存在金属有机活性点,聚合物的分支臂通常被定义为活性聚合物。优选第一聚合的分支臂具有峰值分子量在10,000至200,000之间,最优选在20,000至100,000之间。
对于双不饱和单体,第一聚合的分支臂充当聚合反应引发剂,它交联形成星形聚合物分子的中心核。可以用各种双不饱和的单体生产本发明的星形嵌段聚合物的核。优选的双不饱和单体是具有高达20个碳原子和高达2个芳香环的二(链烯基)芳香的化合物,包括二乙烯基苯,二乙烯基甲苯,二乙烯基联苯,二乙烯基萘,二异丙烯基苯,二异丙烯基联苯和二异丁烯基苯。最优选的是二乙烯基苯。
优选通过把双不饱和单体加到含有第一聚合的分支臂的反应混合物中的方法进行用第一聚合的分支臂交联双不饱和单体。使用适于交联反应的相同或相似的反应条件和溶剂以形成星形嵌段聚合物的核。
交联的双不饱和单体的核具有许多金属有机活性点充当聚合反应引发剂,以形成相对较小的第二聚合的分支臂的甲基丙烯酸酯。甲基丙烯酸烷基酯为优选,它具有下述结构其中R是包括从1至30个碳原子的烷基,优选从1至20个碳原子。通过甲基丙烯酸酯基团的不饱和烯键聚合甲基丙烯酸烷基酯。根据本发明聚合的甲基丙烯酸烷基酯单体包括甲基丙烯酸甲酯,甲基丙烯酸乙酯,甲基丙烯酸仲-丁酯,甲基丙烯酸叔-丁酯,甲基丙烯酸仲-戊酯,甲基丙烯酸辛酯,甲基丙烯酸癸酯,甲基丙烯酸十二酯和甲基丙烯酸十八酯。优选在含有中心核上具有金属有机活性点的星形分子的反应混合物中进行聚合反应。
所选择的甲基丙烯酸烷基酯部分地取决于所希望的星形嵌段聚合物的具体性质。然而,由于生产聚合的甲基丙烯酸烷基酯支链需要相当低的反应温度,生产聚合的甲基丙烯酸烷基酯支链(其中烷基是伯烷基和没有几个碳原子)是相对困难的。换句话说,由于这些甲基丙烯酸烷基酯相对惰性及难于轻易获得所希望的甲基丙烯酸烷基酯单体,所以生产聚合的甲基丙烯酸烷基酯支链(其中烷基部分是较高级烷基部分)也是困难的。优选用于形成含有甲基丙烯酸酯支链的星形嵌段聚合物的甲基丙烯酸烷基酯是支化的甲基丙烯酸丁酯,即甲基丙烯酸仲-丁酯,甲基丙烯酸叔-丁酯,或其混合物。由于其所希望的性能和相对容易生产,使用这些甲基丙烯酸酯得到的星形嵌段聚合物是优选产品。从相应的甲基丙烯酸烷基酯直接生产引入其它的甲基丙烯酸烷基酯部分的星形嵌段聚合物,但是经常希望通过最初使用支化的甲基丙烯酸丁酯生产具有支化的甲基丙烯酸丁酯支链的星形嵌段聚合物,和接着酯基转移(trans-esterifying)最初的星形嵌段聚合物产品以引入所希望的烷基部分。
在生产含有支化的甲基丙烯酸丁酯聚合物中,适用的反应条件通常包括反应温度从-80℃至80℃,优选范围的较低部分用于甲基丙烯酸仲-丁酯的聚合反应,优选范围的较高部分用于甲基丙烯酸叔-丁酯的聚合反应。聚合反应压力是足以保持反应混合物在液相状态的压力,典型地高达5个大气压。
对星形聚合物加氢以降低聚合物的脂肪部分的不饱和程度。许多催化剂,特别是过渡金属催化剂能够氢化星形聚合物的脂肪的不饱和部分。优选使用从可溶性镍化合物和三烷基铝形成的“均相”催化剂。优选的镍盐是环烷酸镍或辛酸镍。对于在芳香基团存在下选择加氢,尽管这种催化剂系统是按照常规所用的催化剂中的一种,但是其它的“常规的”催化剂不适于对含有酯的聚合物中的共轭链二烯加氢。
在加氢方法中,基础的聚合物就地反应,或如果独立地被溶解在适当的溶剂(如环己烷或环己烷-醚混合物)中,在均相镍催化剂存在下用氢气与所得到的溶液接触。在温度从25℃至150℃,氢气压力从2atm至69atm条件下,适于进行加氢反应。当至少90%,优选至少98%的基础聚合物脂族部分的碳-碳不饱和键成为饱和键(可以由核磁共振光谱测定)时,加氢反应被认为完全了。
然后用常规的程序回收氢化的星形聚合物,如用酸的水溶液洗涤以去除催化剂残渣,脱除溶剂,或加入非-溶剂以凝聚聚合物。用于该目的的典型的非-溶剂是甲醇水溶液。
在润滑油中形成星形聚合物的酸化的浓缩物后,使星形聚合物与胺反应。常常可买到聚合的粘度指数改进剂的浓缩物以简化商用润滑油的配方。在酸化的浓缩物形成后,通过润滑油的制剂用任何相容的胺可以容易进行星形聚合物的酰胺化反应。
在120℃或更高温度适于把星形聚合物溶解在润滑油中以形成具有从3%至30%重量的星形聚合物的浓缩物。然后,通过与酸催化剂(例如对-甲苯磺酸,或另外的适用的强有机酸)反应,皂化甲基丙烯酸酯单元的酯基成羧酸基。适宜的酸催化剂的用量是能使大于75%的甲基丙烯酸酯基被皂化成羧酸基团。优选至少50%和更优选至少90%的酯基被皂化成羧酸基团。通常只需要使用少量的酸催化剂是本领域技术人员可以理解的。然后,在高温(例如120℃)羧酸基团与胺反应形成铵盐。接着,在140℃至180℃之间加热浓缩物(concentrate)0.1至45分钟,把铵盐转化成酰胺或酰亚胺形式。优选在160℃至180℃之间,胺反应0.1至30分钟。
往浓缩物中加入足够的胺以确保至少80%,优选至少90%的羧酸基团被转化成胺或酰亚胺基团。
适用的胺是含有1-10个氮原子,具有至少一个伯胺或仲胺活性点的烷基或芳基的胺类。优选的胺类是如美国专利No.4,246,374第3栏,第32-62行所描述的具有结构R-NH2的伯胺类,由此引入作参考。最优选的伯胺是N,N-二乙氨丙胺(DAP)。
优选的胺类可以含有仲胺或叔胺。另外的胺包括但不限于N,N-二甲基丙胺,三亚乙基四胺,苯胺和四亚乙基戊胺(tertaethylenepentamine)。
优选的用于本发明的聚合物包括平均每个分子10-50个第一分支臂,第一分支臂含有至少90%重量氢化的,聚合的异戊二烯单元,第一分支臂具有峰值分子量从10,000至100,000;至少10-50个第二分支臂,第二分支臂含有至少20%重量聚合的甲基丙烯酸叔-丁酯单元,第二分支臂具有峰值分子量从1,000至10,000;每个分子一个中心核,中心核包括聚合的二乙烯基苯,其中在星形构型中中心核连接第一聚合分支臂和第二聚合分支臂。优选星形聚合物溶解在润滑油中,聚合物浓度从3%-30%重量,用酸催化剂把酯转化成酸的形式,然后与胺反应,最优选的是N,N-二乙氨丙胺。
本发明的星形聚合物优选的分子量会随着下述方面变化:选择的反应条件,反应溶剂和单体的反应剂的相对比例以及部分决定于是否官能化的分支是均聚的或含有聚合的可阴离子聚合单体的固有(internal)部分。特殊意义的星形聚合物具有峰值分子量从33,000至5.5×106和最优选的从100,000至3×106。各个分子之间的准确峰分子量会不同,上述值是平均值。然而,本发明的星形聚合物的特征在于聚合物具有相当窄的分子量分布。
优选的星形聚合物由下式代表
(A)tC(M)s (I)
其中C代表包括交联的二乙烯基苯的核,A代表含有至少90%重量氢化的,聚合的异戊二烯单元的第一分支臂,M代表含有至少20%重量聚合的甲基丙烯酸叔-丁酯单元的第二分支臂,s从10-50,t从10-50,其中t等于或大于s。
尽管各个分子(from molecule to molecule),由术语C,A和M代表的部分的比例会有稍微变化,但是基于中心核C的分子的分子量百分含量不大于10%,优选不大于2%。
在优选的星形聚合物中每个A嵌段或链段优选包括至少90%重量氢化的,聚合的异戊二烯单元。在优选的A嵌段中安插苯乙烯或具有1,4-加成的氢化丁二烯的一个或多个嵌段以改进聚合物的物理性能。
每个M包括优选的至少20%重量聚合的甲基丙烯酸叔-丁酯。最优选均聚的M链段或嵌段。高纯度甲基丙烯酸叔-丁酯单体可买自日本Mitsubishi-Rayon。比较不纯的甲基丙烯酸叔-丁酯可从Monomer,Polymer和Dajac得到,如果流过氧化铝和13X沸石去除甲基丙烯酸和叔-丁醇,可以使用。优选沸石具有孔(cavity)尺寸不大于10埃,如沸石13X具有结构式Na86(AlO2)86(SiO2)106267H2O。
在甲基丙烯酸烷基酯的聚合反应过程中,按照本发明所用的星形聚合物有很少或没有两个或两个以上分子的偶联的优点。
适合在甲基丙烯酸酯已经暴露在羧酸条件下后,于120℃至130℃加入胺,然后升高温度到140℃至180℃约0.1至45分钟,以完成向酰胺或酰亚胺形式的转化。
按照本发明制备的星形聚合物组合物作为在电动机润滑油中的分散剂和粘度指数改进剂是非常有用的。
因此本发明还提供了一种润滑油组合物,包括按照本发明制备的任何一种星形聚合物组合物。
在本发明的星形聚合物组合物中适用的润滑油是天然的,矿物的或合成的润滑油。
天然的润滑油包括动物油和植物油,如蓖麻油。矿物油包括来源于原油,煤或页岩的润滑油馏分,馏分可以接受一定的处理如粘土-酸(clay-acid)、溶剂或加氢处理。合成的润滑油包括烃的合成聚合物如聚α-烯烃;改性的烯化氧聚合物和酯润滑剂。优选这些润滑油是用于火花点火和压缩点火发动机的曲轴箱润滑油,但是还包括液压润滑剂,金属加工流体和自动变速装置流体。
相应于本发明组合物的润滑基础油组分优选的是聚α-烯烃油,或矿物润滑油或矿物润滑油的混合物,如那些由Royal Dutch/Shell Group的分公司(member companies)出售的,牌号为“HVI”,或“XHVI”(商标)的产品。
存在于相应本发明的组合物中的润滑基础油的粘度可以在宽的范围内变化,在100℃,粘度通常从3至35mm2/s。
本发明的润滑油组合物可以进一步含有大量的其它添加剂,如抗氧化剂;金属清洁剂如(高碱生的)碱土金属石炭酸盐类,磺酸盐类和水杨酸盐类;无灰的分散剂如取代的聚烯烃琥珀酰亚胺例如在GB-A-2,231,873中所描述的那些泡沫抑制剂,腐蚀抑制剂,倾点抑制剂,摩擦改性剂和特压/抗磨添加剂如锌或钠的二硫代磷酸盐。
由下述例证性的实验方案进一步说明本发明,但是不限制本发明。星形聚合物的合成
在第一反应器中装入122.47kg环己烷和13.61kg苯乙烯单体。往搅拌的混合物中加入2.95kg仲-丁基锂,在60℃苯乙烯全部转化成聚苯乙烯。
在第二反应器中,用仲-丁基锂滴定123.83kg环己烷和22.68kg异戊二烯单体以去除任何杂质。然后,把来自第一阶段的12.25kg活性均聚苯乙烯加入到异戊二烯中,在60℃异戊二烯全部转化成聚异戊二烯。接着往活性苯乙烯-异戊二烯聚合的分支臂中加入200ml二乙烯基苯(55%dvb),在80℃反应30分钟以形成活性星形聚合物。
把星形聚合物的温度降至35℃,加入0.54kg甲基丙烯酸叔-丁酯(tBMA)进行反应。在35℃tBMA聚合反应30分钟以形成第二聚合的分支臂,用19ml甲醇终止反应。
使用催化剂对星形聚合物加氢,催化剂包括由三乙基铝还原的辛酸镍。在该具体实施例中镍与铝的比例是1∶2.3。定期增长装填的所有催化剂以得到具有较低残余不饱和物的产品。实施例1A,1B
把装有360g Exxon 100N LP润滑油,0.2g Irganox 1010抗氧化剂和0.1g对-甲苯磺酸的烧杯加热到125℃。然后加入上述的星形聚合物40g并溶解。用FT-IR分析确认在聚合物已完全溶解时,甲基丙烯酸酯基团已经转化成羧酸基团。然后加入1.9g二乙氨丙胺(DAP)作为在Exxon 100N LP基础油中的50%重量胺溶液。然后增加油浓缩物的温度至180℃,停止对溶液加热(实施例1A)。用FT-IR分析显示酸基团已经全部转化成酰胺基团。实施例1B是含有完整的甲基丙烯酸酯基的起始非-改性聚合物的浓缩物。实施例2
把装有360g Exxon 100N LP润滑油,0.2g Irganox 1010抗氧化剂的烧杯加热到125℃。然后加入上述的星形聚合物40g并溶解。接着往混合物中加入0.1g对-甲苯磺酸并使之反应30分钟以转化甲基丙烯酸酯基为酸基。用FT-IR分析确定为甲基丙烯酸酯基团已经转化成羧酸。然后加入1.9g二乙氨丙胺(DAP)作为在Exxon 100N LP基础油中的50%重量胺溶液。然后增加油浓缩物的温度至180℃,停止对溶液加热。用FT-IR分析显示酸基团已经全部转化成酰胺基团。实施例3A-3E
如各表所示,被用作生产另外的分散剂粘度指数改进剂的实施例1和2的步骤,由各种胺类代替DAP,胺类包括乙二胺(EDA)(实施例3A),二亚乙基三胺(DETA)(实施例3B),三亚乙基四胺(TETA)(实施例3C),四亚乙基五胺(TEPA)(实施例3D),和线性烷基胺(alklamines)(实施例3E)的混合物。基于FT-IR转化成酰胺的数据,使浓缩物在180℃保持0.1至30分钟。实施例4
用实施例1,2,3A-E的油浓缩物与成品电动机润滑油SAE 5W-30,10W-40,15W-40混合。实施例5(对照A)
在挤出机中完成星形聚合物到分散剂粘度指数改进剂的转化。对于该具体的实施例,使用Brabender熔融混合机。加热Brabender熔融混合机至250℃,用混合叶片以100rpm速度加入60g聚合物。当熔融物被均匀混合时,在3分钟内加入N,N-二乙氨丙胺(DAP)和Penrico Oil的混合物(在它与聚合物熔体混合前,油起到阻止DAP从Brabender熔融混合机蒸发出去的作用)。允许样品混合时间大于3分钟,然后把它从Brabender熔融混合机中除去。
FT-IR分析显示转化成酰胺,在1726cm-1的酯峰被在1667cm-1的酰胺峰代替。由FT-IR分析显示转化成酰胺是至少80%基于羰基吸收与酰胺羰基吸收的比例。然后,把产品溶解在油中以进一步形成用于混合成品电动机润滑油的浓缩物。实施例6(对照B)
用电动机润滑油与实施例5的分散剂VI改进剂混合得到SAE 5W-30和10W-40配方。在表1-4中的油品被混合在Exxon 100N LP中,DI包装是实验室Lubrizol添加剂,加入以聚合物浓缩物的0.5wt%的ACRYLOID 155倾点抑制剂(ACRYLOID是商标),得到动力粘度为在100℃为约11mm2/S。在-25℃测量冷龟裂模拟(cold cranking simulator)(CCS)粘度。
当用胺挤出TBMA官能化的聚合物时,生产有用的分散剂VI改进剂,它需要一特殊步骤(通过挤出机)使聚合物承受过热和剪切应力。因此,挤出方法受可耐热和剪切力的聚合物的限制,而发明的油浓缩物的方法不受这方面的限制。因此本发明的方法可以用于较低和适度分子量聚合物并适于高分子量聚合物,在没有降解的情况下,高分子量聚合物熔融粘度太高而不能挤出。
表1 SAE 15W-40油配方
1)ASTM D-3945A永久剪切稳定性测试。
实 施例 | 品级 | KV | CCS | MRV | TBS | %VISLOSS1 | %poly | %HVI |
3-A | 15W-40 | 14.1 | 3140 | 10504 | 3.83 | 9 | 0.72 | 50 |
3-B | 15W-40 | 14.2 | 3160 | 10563 | 3.84 | 9 | 0.72 | 50 |
3-C | 15W-40 | 14.1 | 3160 | 10389 | 3.84 | 8.5 | 0.71 | 50 |
3-D | 15W-40 | 14.3 | 3200 | 10664 | 3.88 | 9.1 | 0.72 | 50 |
表2 SAE 10W-40油配方
实 施例 | 品级 | KV | CCS | MRV | TBS | %poly | %HVI |
1-B | 10W-40 | 14.1 | 3230 | 15251 | 3.71 | 0.96 | 30 |
1-A | 10W-40 | 14 | 3230 | 14449 | 3.65 | 0.99 | 30 |
3-A | 10W-40 | 14.1 | 3240 | 15049 | 3.66 | 1.00 | 30 |
3-B | 10W-40 | 14 | 3260 | 14931 | 3.65 | 1.00 | 30 |
3-C | 10W-40 | 14.1 | 3230 | 14626 | 3.64 | 0.98 | 30 |
3-D | 10W-40 | 14.3 | 3270 | 15652 | 3.72 | 1.00 | 30 |
3-E | 10W-40 | 14.1 | 3260 | 15233 | 3.71 | 0.97 | 30 |
表3 SAE 5W-30油配方
表4 含有DVII聚合物的SAE 5W-30的流变学
实 施例 | 品级 | KV | CCS | MRV | TBS | %poly | %HVI |
1-B | 5W-30 | 11.2 | 3020 | 13508 | 3.10 | 0.91 | 0 |
2 | 5W-30 | 11.1 | 3020 | 13429 | 3.02 | 0.94 | 0 |
3-A | 5W-30 | 11.1 | 3030 | 13027 | 3.02 | 0.95 | 0 |
3-B | 5W-30 | 10.9 | 3040 | 13268 | 2.99 | 0.94 | 0 |
3-C | 5W-30 | 11.1 | 3050 | 12810 | 3.02 | 0.94 | 0 |
3-D | 5W-30 | 11.1 | 3060 | 14119 | 3.02 | 0.93 | 0 |
3-E | 5W-30 | 11.1 | 3060 | 14506 | 3.09 | 0.93 | 0 |
VII KV,mm2/3 CCS,cPPARATONE 855 11.0 4142ACRYLOID 954 10.8 3472AMOC0 6565 10.7 3527TLA 7200 10.8 3598对照B 10.7 3245实施例1A 10.8 3056
Claims (12)
1.一种用于制备含氮的星形聚合物组合物的方法,包括下列步骤:a)在润滑油中溶解星形聚合物,聚合物的浓度小于50%重量,其中星形聚合物包括:至少3个第一分支臂,每个分支臂包括氢化的,聚合的共轭二烯单元并具有峰值分子量从10,000至200,000;
至少3个第二分支臂,每个分支臂包括聚合的甲基丙烯酸酯单元并具有峰值分子量从500至10,000;和
一个包括聚合的双不饱和单体的中心核,其中在星形构型中,中心核连接第一分支臂和第二分支臂;b)用酸催化剂与溶解的星形聚合物反应;和c)用胺类与溶解的星形聚合物反应。
2.按照权利要求1的方法,其中一个或多个第一分支臂进一步包括聚合的乙烯基芳烃。
3.按照权利要求1或2的方法,其中在160至180℃之间,胺反应0.1至30分钟。
4.按照权利要求1-3任何一项的方法,其中共轭二烯是异戊二烯或1,3-丁二烯。
5.按照权利要求4的方法,其中甲基丙烯酸酯是甲基丙烯酸叔-丁酯,甲基丙烯酸仲-丁酯或它们的组合物。
6.按照权利要求1-5任何一项的方法,其中酸催化剂是对-甲苯磺酸。
7.按照权利要求1-6任何一项的方法,其中双不饱和单体是二乙烯基苯。
8.按照权利要求1-7任何一项的方法,其中至少80%聚合的甲基丙烯酸酯单元被转化成酰胺或酰亚胺基团。
9.按照权利要求1-8任何一项的方法,其中在100℃至130℃之间,溶解的星形聚合物与酸催化剂反应。
10.按照权利要求1-9任何一项的方法,其中第一分支臂含有至少90%重量的氢化异戊二烯。
11.按照权利要求1-10任何一项的方法,其中每个聚合物分子的第一分支臂的平均数是10至50个,每个聚合物分子的第二分支臂的平均数是10至50个。
12.一种润滑油组合物,包括用按照权利要求1-11任何一项的方法制备的含氮星形聚合物组合物。
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- 1995-12-18 ZA ZA9510734A patent/ZA9510734B/xx unknown
- 1995-12-18 ES ES95943208T patent/ES2143091T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN101130710B (zh) * | 2006-07-28 | 2011-04-20 | 雅富顿公司 | 烷基丙烯酸酯共聚物分散剂及其用途 |
CN103443258A (zh) * | 2011-03-23 | 2013-12-11 | 吉坤日矿日石能源株式会社 | 粘度指数改进剂、润滑油用添加剂以及润滑油组合物 |
CN103443258B (zh) * | 2011-03-23 | 2015-08-19 | 吉坤日矿日石能源株式会社 | 粘度指数改进剂、润滑油用添加剂以及润滑油组合物 |
WO2021027210A1 (zh) * | 2019-08-14 | 2021-02-18 | 深圳昆油石化技术有限公司 | 含有星型sep共聚物润滑油粘度指数改性剂及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPH10511128A (ja) | 1998-10-27 |
EP0799251B1 (en) | 2000-03-08 |
AU692660B2 (en) | 1998-06-11 |
DE69515512T2 (de) | 2000-09-14 |
DE69515512D1 (de) | 2000-04-13 |
CA2207611A1 (en) | 1996-06-27 |
WO1996019505A1 (en) | 1996-06-27 |
ZA9510734B (en) | 1996-06-20 |
US5486563A (en) | 1996-01-23 |
AU4434496A (en) | 1996-07-10 |
BR9510252A (pt) | 1997-11-04 |
ES2143091T3 (es) | 2000-05-01 |
EP0799251A1 (en) | 1997-10-08 |
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