CN1170386A - 在纸上直接印制全息图的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
借助压花过程实现了微刻图的印制,在此过程中使纸通过压花组件(17,18),此组件包括上面载有微刻图的压花辊(17)和反推力辊(18),上述过程是在纸湿润化后,当此纸通过所述辊对(17,18;47,48)间的温度和压力分别是90~220℃和20~120kg/mm2范围内,而最好是在130~170℃和40~100kg/mm2范围内时进行。
Description
本发明涉及在纸上,直接印制全息图、动态全息图、衍射图形或产生其它光学效应的微刻图的方法。
为了永久性地将光学微刻图(即上述类型的微刻图)从型板转印到纸张上,通常需要对纸作预处理,包括用适合接收和永久性保持型板上(以低和/或高的凸纹)存在的微刻图的膜料(例如PVC、聚酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、油漆等)给纸涂层。
事实上,通常是不可能将上述的微刻图直接转印到普通的纸(即未经上述预处理的纸)上,这是由于这样的纸终归要变形(微米级),以及由于纸张上一般见到的表面微糙度,而这种微糙度是与待转印的微刻图的清晰度不匹配的,此清晰度的范围从约120线/mm至约5000线/mm。
本发明的目的在于纠正上述在普通未处理的纸上不能印制微刻图的偏见,即提供一种能在普通纸上印制微刻图的方法,这种方法不仅比传统的用来在预处理过的纸衬上印制微刻图的方法简单和便宜,而且还能给出其它一些优点,例如能够实现:
使普通的纸体现出或装饰以上述类型的微刻图;
使体现出或装饰有上述类型微刻图的纸能用作书写纸或印刷纸(用于胶版、铜版、地形、连续照相、旋印照片、静电复印等的印制);
使体现出或装饰有上述类型微刻图的纸能用于防伪或保护其独特性。
根据本发明的用来在纸上直接印制全息图、动态全息图、衍射图形或产生其它光学效应的微刻图的方法,所述微刻图的印制是借助压花工艺实现的,其中使纸通过一对压花辊之间,具体地说,这对辊中之一是压花辊,上面载有所述的微刻图,而另一则是反推力辊,这一工艺过程是在纸潮湿化后,通过这对辊之间的纸的温度与压力分别是在90~222℃和20~120kg/mm2的范围内,而最好是在130~170℃和40~100kg/mm2范围内进行。
本发明的特征将从下面的说明和表明非限制性实施例的附图中理解到,附图中:
图1是依据本发明的方法对于卷轴上的纸进行压花的机器;
图2是涉及到纸的湿润器的图1的放大详图;
图3是依据本发明的方法对成张的纸进行压花的机器。
图1例示依据本发明对卷轴上的纸进行压花的机器。
这种机器的结构和功能特性依循传统的压花机,实质性的差别涉及到压花过程的条件(温度和压力),以及在压花辊和与其相关的反推力辊构成的压花组件上游所存在的纸湿润器。
图1中各标号的意义如下:
1:普通纸的卷轴,用于给所述机器供纸。
2:普通纸的备用卷轴
3、4、5、6、7:惰辊。
8:辊,最好以特氟隆或橡胶涂层,用于驱动和冷却纸带。
10、11、12:惰辊,弹性地分别向辊8与9偏动,以确保由辊8和9摩擦驱动纸带。
13、14:惰辊,用于拉伸纸带,它们能变换自身的轴线,以保持纸带在适当张力的条件下通过。
17、18:压花组件,包括压花辊17,在其柱面上载有拟印制到纸上的微刻图(这种微刻图可以直接刻在压花辊上或是固定到此辊的薄的型板上);还包括反推力辊18,它给辊17上施加适当的压力。
19、预加热装置,它设有红外灯或借煤气工作,能够沿垂直向移动,以便相对纸移近/远,用来调节纸带的预热温度。
20:纸带卷轴。
21:支承卷轴20的臂,能绕其下端摆动,它的倾角是卷轴直径(此直径在过程开始时最小,在过程结束时最大)的函数。
作业中,纸带从卷轴1上退绕下,首先通过辊3、13、11上,然后通过辊8之上,在此借助组件15经历第一次预热与湿润,使纸的湿度达到约60~80%的相对湿度(根据最佳实施例,此湿度特别可以等于70%)。从辊8出来后,纸带通过装置19之下,在此再次预热,然后通过压花组件的两辊之间,在此接受压花辊上存在的微刻图的压制,同时在辊48施加的高压和辊17、18的温度作用下受到强的拉伸作用。从此压花辊上出来之后,纸带通过辊16之上时经历第一次冷却,随即在通过辊5、6、7、14和12之上后,在辊9上最后冷却到基本上等于室温的温度,这之后抵贴辊9绕到轴20之上。
辊17必须具备压花辊通常所要求的特征,就是说它必须由具有高表面弹性的经研磨和抛光而有很高表面光洁度的增硬钢制成,使得上述柱向沿其任何母线都有接近于型板上微刻图清晰度量级的线性度(即近似直线)。此线性度的合格值例如约为2000线/mm。
辊18也是由研磨和抛光过的增硬钢制成,绕自身轴线空转,使其在作业中能通过上部辊17的转动而带动。辊8对辊17施加相当高的压力,可从20kg/mm2至120kg/mm2范围内选取(根据最佳实施例,此压力选定为约50kg/mm2)。
作业中,辊17与18加热到这样一个温度,得以保证通过型板下的文件纸的温度在90与220℃之间(依据最佳实施例,此温度选定为约150℃)。
辊17与18的(以及辊8与装置9)上述温度应根据作业速度(纸带运动速度)选择,因为较高的作业速度便要求这些辊(以及装置19)的温度也较高,以便实现相同的纸温。
对于约150℃的纸温和约60m/min的作业速度,辊17、18的温度应约为150℃。
可以这样地来加热辊8、17与18,即在其中让流体循环或通过一电阻体。
也可以让流体(例如水)循环过其中而使辊9与16冷却。
图2表明图1中的组件15的放大形式。此组件的结构和功能特性类似于其它工艺领域例如胶印中所用类似装置的。它包括一水槽22,其中部分地浸没有连续转动的辊23。惰辊24具有摆动的轴线,使它能从同辊23临时接触的位置(例如在辊24一整转的一部分中)到一个与辊25作较长接触的位置(例如一个整转)。也是作空转的辊25的轴线,于是便沿平行于通过辊26与27两者轴线的平面的平面作轻微的摆动,使得辊25交替地同辊26和27接触,能够将由辊24获得的湿度均匀地分配给它们。
组件15的上述辊的表面最好涂以易吸水的材料,例如天鹅绒似的棉织物。
通过的纸带的正确湿度由位于能同从组件15中出来的纸带相接触的湿度探测器(未示明)调节,根据探测出的湿度,调节辊24在辊23上作临时接触的时间长短。
在过程的终端,绕到卷轴20上的纸带便保留下从压花辊转印的压制的微刻图。之所以能如此令人惊奇地将微刻图永久性地转印到纸带上,可以认为是由于上述的湿润化过程和随后在高压下加热所致,使得纸带经历一致密化和拉伸的过程,从而显著地减少了纸带表面的不规则性和可变形性。
最好是使转印到纸上的微刻图(从而它们的光学效应)不能够经受住(或者相反,根据需要能经受住)纸的可能变化或仿造(湿度、擦拭等)。
当需要使所印制的微刻图能抵抗可能有的湿润化时,则必须采用例如在制造牛皮纸或航海手册用纸中所用的经上胶改进的纸。相反,当需要有具有相反特性的微刻图时,那就必须采用(吸湿性的)普通纸。
就能够抗擦拭的特性而论,应该考虑到可将印制型板制成为使所有的刻图都是低凸纹或高凸纹的,或是能够在不同的区域上分布成部分为低凸纹的而部分为高凸纹的(也就是说,型板的某些部分只具有高凸纹的刻图而另一些部分只有低凸纹的刻图)。
上述的可能性允许制造可以(或不可以)抗擦拭的有微刻图的纸。事实上,以低凸纹印在纸上的微刻图能够抗擦拭和使纸面能抵抗住纸总要经历的磨耗,而印有高凸纹的纸则可以在任何进行伪造的企图中使这些高凸纹被擦掉,这后一特性对于所用印制的独特性需要保护以防伪造的票证(例如纸质的债卷、银行支票等)就特别重要。
图3示明了依据本发明的方法用于成张的纸的压花机。
此图中各标号的意义如下:
30、31:进口与出口用的纸张托盘,
32:用于拾纸与供纸的管件,设有吸嘴,它是颇为类似传统胶板印刷中吸纸输送装置的供纸装置(图3中未示明)的一部分;
33、49:转动的辊,用来分别输送进入的和送出的纸张。
34:用于使纸张滑动的平面。
35、36:用来使纸湿润化和输送纸的辊对,35指惰辊,由下面的辊36驱动转动,辊36不仅用来输送纸张,还用来使纸湿润。为此目的,辊36上包覆有织物(例如棉织物),它能通过在结构与作业上类似图1中组件15的湿润组件15’吸水。
37/38,39/40:用来预加热和输送纸的辊对,它们最好以橡胶或特氟隆包层并配置以转动器件。
41/42,43/44,45/46:用来冷却和输送纸的辊对,也最好以橡胶或特氟隆涂层。
47,48:压花组件,包括压花辊47,此辊的柱面上载有可印制到纸上的微刻图模型;还包括空转的反推力辊48,它将适当的压力施加到辊47上。
50:平面,用于纸张的滑动和预加热,加热则借助红外灯或煤气。
与图1中的机器相同,辊37-40与47、48的加热可以通过使流体循环于其中或借助电阻体来实现。同样,也可以通过循环的流体使辊41-46冷却。
图3中的机器的操作与图1中的机器类似,而当纸通过压花组件上,纸的湿度、温度和压力条件也相同。
Claims (9)
1.在纸上直接印制产生全息图、动态全息图、衍射图形的微刻图或形成其它光学效应的微刻图的方法,特征在于,所述微刻图的印制是通过压花过程实现的,其中使纸通过由载有所述微刻图的压花辊(17,47)和反推力辊(18,48)构成的压花组件,上述过程是在纸湿润化后,当纸通过所述辊对(17,18;47,48)间的温度和压力分别在是90~220℃和20~120kg/mm2范围内,而最好是在130~170℃和40~100kg/mm2范围时进行。
2.如权利要求1所述方法,特征在于:从压花组件(17,18;47,48)中出来的纸的湿度在60~80%相对湿度之间。
3.如权利要求1所述方法,特征在于:从压花组件(17,18,47,48)中出来的纸经冷却到基本上等于室温的温度。
4.如权利要求1所述方法,特征在于:所述的通过压花组件(17,18,47,48)的纸的温度是在进入辊(17,18,47,48)之前通过第一加热步骤和由辊(17,18,47,48)实施的第二加热步骤达到的。
5.如权利要求4所述方法,特征在于:通过压花组件(17,18,47,48)时纸的温度、压力与湿度分别约为150℃、50kg/mm2与70%相对湿度。
6.如权利要求4所述方法,其特征在于在上面印有微刻图的纸是从供纸卷轴(1)上退绕下的纸带,此纸带在通过压花组件(17,18)之前首先通过第一辊(8),在此经历上述的湿润化并在此同时作第一次加热,然后通过红外或以煤气工作的预加热装置(19)附近,从压花组件(17,18)出来的纸带,在卷绕到重绕卷轴(20)之上时,依序地通过第二辊(16)和第三辊(9),在此分别经历第一与第二次冷却。
7.如权利要求6所述方法,特征在于,纸的湿化是借助5个辊所构成的组实现的:第一惰辊(26)和第二惰辊(27),它们抵贴着一定长度的通过上述第一辊(8)上的纸带;第三辊(23),连续地转动并部分地浸于水中;第四惰辊(24),交替地与第三辊(23)和第五辊(25)接触,得以将水份从第三辊(23)转送到第五辊(25)上,第五辊(25)交替地接触第一辊(26)和第二辊(27),得以将从第四辊(24)接收的水份转送给它们,所述辊(23,24,25,26,27)的表面包覆有类似天鹅绒的棉织物。
8.如权利要求4所述方法,其特征于在,上面印有微刻图的纸是取分离的单张形式,单张纸在通过压花组件(47,48)之前经过第一对辊(35,36)之间经历湿润化过程,然后通过至少是第二对辊(37,38)之间经历第一次加热,最后通过以红外线或煤气工作的预加热装置(50)附近经历第二次加热;从压花组件(47,48)出来的上述纸还通过至少第三对辊(41,42)以经历冷却。
9.如权利要求8所述方法,特征在于,纸张的湿化借助于5个辊构成的组实现的,第一和第二惰辊(26)、(27),它们抵贴一定长度的通过上述第一辊(8)上的纸带;第三辊(23),连续地转动并部分地浸于水中;第四惰辊(24),交替地接触第三辊(23)和第五辊(25),得以将水份从第三辊(23)转送给第五辊(25),第五辊(25)交替地接触第一辊(26)和第二辊(27),得以将从第四辊(24)接收的水份转送给它们,所述辊(23,24,25,26,27)的表面包覆有类似天鹅绒的棉织物。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ITMI94A002583 | 1994-12-20 | ||
IT94MI002583A IT1275697B1 (it) | 1994-12-20 | 1994-12-20 | Metodo per stampare direttamente su carta microincisioni di ologrammi,chinogrammi,reticoli di diffrazione o microincisioni |
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CN1170386A true CN1170386A (zh) | 1998-01-14 |
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CN95196912A Pending CN1170386A (zh) | 1994-12-20 | 1995-12-19 | 在纸上直接印制全息图的方法 |
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US (1) | US5862750A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0799139B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH10511321A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1170386A (zh) |
AR (1) | AR000377A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE180214T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU704308B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9510285A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2208087A1 (zh) |
CO (1) | CO4480768A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69509796T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0799139T3 (zh) |
DZ (1) | DZ1949A1 (zh) |
EG (1) | EG20698A (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2134510T3 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI972547A (zh) |
GR (1) | GR3030979T3 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUT77594A (zh) |
IL (1) | IL116179A (zh) |
IT (1) | IT1275697B1 (zh) |
MA (1) | MA23750A1 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO972838L (zh) |
PE (1) | PE14397A1 (zh) |
TN (1) | TNSN95121A1 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR199501604A2 (zh) |
UY (1) | UY24124A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1996019357A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA9510325B (zh) |
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CN101873927B (zh) * | 2007-12-20 | 2012-06-20 | Sca卫生产品有限责任公司 | 用于制造印花和压花幅的方法和装置 |
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1994
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- 1995-11-28 IL IL11617995A patent/IL116179A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-30 TN TNTNSN95121A patent/TNSN95121A1/fr unknown
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- 1995-12-09 DZ DZ950132A patent/DZ1949A1/fr active
- 1995-12-19 EG EG104195A patent/EG20698A/xx active
- 1995-12-19 MA MA24102A patent/MA23750A1/fr unknown
- 1995-12-19 CA CA002208087A patent/CA2208087A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 1995-12-19 US US08/849,816 patent/US5862750A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1995-12-19 WO PCT/IT1995/000222 patent/WO1996019357A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-12-19 PE PE1995287571A patent/PE14397A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-12-19 CN CN95196912A patent/CN1170386A/zh active Pending
- 1995-12-19 DE DE69509796T patent/DE69509796T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-19 AT AT95940415T patent/ATE180214T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-19 AR AR33467495A patent/AR000377A1/es unknown
- 1995-12-19 AU AU41876/96A patent/AU704308B2/en not_active Ceased
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Cited By (2)
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CN1093032C (zh) * | 2000-06-22 | 2002-10-23 | 汕头市金时印刷有限公司 | 一种在纸品表面形成图文的方法以及由该方法制得的纸品 |
CN101873927B (zh) * | 2007-12-20 | 2012-06-20 | Sca卫生产品有限责任公司 | 用于制造印花和压花幅的方法和装置 |
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