CN1170142A - 光散射媒体中物体的显形光学系统 - Google Patents

光散射媒体中物体的显形光学系统 Download PDF

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CN1170142A
CN1170142A CN97111561.3A CN97111561A CN1170142A CN 1170142 A CN1170142 A CN 1170142A CN 97111561 A CN97111561 A CN 97111561A CN 1170142 A CN1170142 A CN 1170142A
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optical system
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楠泽英夫
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EAST ASIAN MEDICAL ELECTRONIC Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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Abstract

光散射媒体中的物体的显形光学系统,其结构具有物镜、设置在物镜光轴上的成像透镜,以及设置在物镜和成像透镜之间的空间滤光器,该空间滤光器,离开光轴的部分的透光率高于光轴部分的透光率。

Description

光散射媒体中物体的显形光学系统
本发明涉及使光散射媒体中的物体显形并拍摄其图像的光学系统。而且,本发明中的光散射媒体这一术语包含光散射和吸收媒体的意思。
过去,为了使光散射或吸收媒体中所存在的物体显形(可视化)并形成图象,曾进行过各种尝试(例如,可参见G.E.Anderson等人所著的“高散射介质中的微成像”(Microscope imaging through highlyscattering media),OPTICS LETTERS。Vol.19,No13,1994年7月1日发行)。
然而,由于现有技术的做法是加深光学系统的聚焦深度以抑制散射的影响,所以出现了分辨率降低的趋势。
本发明是考虑了这种情况而提出的,其目的在于提供这样一种光学系统,即仅仅利用光散射媒体中的物体所发出的特定角度的光束来进行成像,从而能使光散射媒体中的物体显形而不降低分辨率。
本发明可提供这样一种显形光学系统,即其结构包括物镜,设置在物镜光轴上的成像透镜、以及设置在物镜和成像透镜之间的空间滤光器,该空间滤光器中离开光轴的部分的光透射率高于光轴部分的光透射率。
通过本光学系统来观看光散射媒体中的物体,则在从物体射入物镜的光束中,主要是在特定角度的光束中,主要是仅特定角度的光束才透过空间滤光器的高透光率部分,由成像透镜进行成像。所以,能够除去以其他角度射入物镜的光散射媒体的散射光束,因此,使物体鲜明显形。
本发明能使光散射媒体中的物体鲜明显形,所谓此光散射媒体中的物体是指像在生物组织中存在的血管这类物体。
本发明可以利用例如CCD(电荷耦合器件)之类的摄像器件来拍摄用成像透镜所形成的图象。
并且,物镜和成像透镜被布置成物镜的后焦点和成像透镜的前焦点相一致的状态,空间滤光器最好设置在物镜的后焦点上。
空间滤光器也可以是离开光轴的部分呈透明状态,光轴部分不透明。
空间滤光器由遮光板构成,该遮光板具有透光的环状缝隙,空间滤光器最好设计成可以更换的结构。这样,可以根据光散射媒体和物体的散射特性来调整环状缝隙的直径和宽度。
另外,空间滤光器若采用可以根据电信号来局部改变光透射率的透过型液晶板,则更容易调整透射光,所以就更好。
图1是本发明实施例的结构说明图。
图2是本发明的实施例的空间滤光器的正面图。
图3是本发明的实施例中利用显像管显示的中间色调图像的照片。
图4是对比示例中用显像管显示的中间色调图像的照片。
图5是本发明实施例中的断层摄像说明图。
图6是本发明实施例中的断层摄像说明图。
图7是本发明实施例中的断层摄像说明图。
图8是表示本发明实施例中用显像管显示的中间色调图像的照片。
图9是表示本发明实施例中用显像管显示的中间色调图像的照片。
图10是表示本发明实施例中用显像管显示的中间色调图像的照片。
实施例
图1是表示本发明实施例的结构说明图。在图1中,光学系统1具有物镜2、设置在物镜2的光轴X上的成像透镜3、以及设置在物镜2和成像透镜之间的空间滤光器4,其布置状态是,由摄像器件(CCD)5来拍摄用成像透镜3形成的图像。已拍摄的图像显示在监控电视机10的显像管上。
空间滤光器4如图2所示,具有圆环状透光缝隙4a,并使其垂直方向上离开光轴的部分的透光率高于其他部分,其他部分对光线进行遮挡。空间滤光器4也可用透明树脂膜或透明玻璃板制成,其上面除了缝隙4a外,其他部分上用层叠法加上遮光膜。
物镜2和成像透镜3被布置成焦距和透镜直径相互相等,物镜2的后焦点与成像透镜3的前焦点相一致,二者是互相共轭关系。并且,空间滤光器4被设置在物镜2的后焦点、即成像透镜3的前焦点上。
如图1所示,把物体8(这里是指注入了血液的外径1.2mm,内径1.0mm的毛细管)插入到装入了光散射媒体6(这里是市售牛奶)的、外径22mm、内径20mm的圆筒状透明玻璃容器7中,从背面利用光源9进行照明,利用光学系统1对物体8进行摄像。
这样拍摄的图像的一例示于图3。
另外,作为其对比例,利用通常的带电视镜头的摄像器来代替光学系统1而拍摄的图像例子示于图4。若对图3和图4加以对比,则可以看出:在图4中完全看不出来的物体(毛细管)8,在图3中拍摄得很清楚。
也就是说,在图1中,当对光散射媒体6中的物体8进行透射照明(或同轴反射照明)时,在物体8和媒体6的界面上产生散射衍射,在物体8中透过已受到吸收和散射的光。于是,在光学系统1中,利用空间滤光器4来限制这些光,仅仅使特定角度的光束通过和成像,因此,如图3所示,光散射媒体6中的物体8被拍摄成清楚的图像。这是由于利用空间滤光器4减小来自光散射媒体6的干扰散射光强度而提高信噪比。
另外,若在光轴X方向上移动光学系统1,改变其离物体8的距离D,则如图5-图7所示,由于物镜2对物体8的焦点相对位置发生变化,所以能够拍摄出相对于光轴方向(深度方向)的断层图像。
对应于图5-图7而获得的摄像例子分别示于图8-图10。并且,根据该断层摄像时可获得最清晰图象(这时为图9)时的距离D,可以准确地检测出物体8在容器7中的位置。
根据本发明,由于仅利用按特定角度射入的光束来进行成像,所以,在光散射媒体中存在的物体的图像可以清楚地显形。

Claims (7)

1.一种显形(可视化)光学系统,其结构包括:物镜、设置在物镜光轴上的成像透镜、以及设置在物镜和成像透镜之间的空间滤光器,该空间滤光器中离开光轴的部分的光透射率高于光轴部分的光透射率。
2.如权利要求1所述的显形光学系统,其中还包括为拍摄由成像透镜所形成的图像而采用的摄像器件。
3.如权利要求1所述的显形光学系统,其物镜和成像透镜配置成:物镜的后焦点和成像透镜的前焦点是一致的。
4.如权利要求3所述的显形光学系统,其空间滤光器设置在物镜的后焦点上。
5.如权利要求1所述的显形光学系统,其空间滤光器由备有透光的环状缝隙的遮光板构成。
6.如权利要求1所述的显形光学系统,其空间滤光器被设计成可以更换的结构。
7.如权利要求1所述的显形光学系统,其空间滤光器由能够根据电信号来局部改变其光透射率的透射式液晶板构成。
CN97111561A 1996-05-15 1997-05-14 显影光散射媒体中物体的光学系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1109266C (zh)

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JP14657696A JP3442220B2 (ja) 1996-05-15 1996-05-15 光散乱媒体中物体の可視化光学システム
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CN1109266C (zh) 2003-05-21

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