CN117003888B - 一种产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗原多表位融合蛋白及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗原多表位融合蛋白及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗原多表位融合蛋白及其制备方法和应用,属于生物技术领域。本发明优选产肠毒素大肠杆菌菌毛黏附素F4(K88)、F5(K99)、F6(987P)、F18和F41主要结构亚单位的抗原表位,并优选地与通用型辅助性T细胞表位PADRE和不耐热肠毒素LTb融合蛋白串联构建产肠毒素大肠杆菌5种菌毛黏附素的抗原多表位融合蛋白。所述抗原多表位融合蛋白血清型覆盖广、无过敏性、免疫原性强,免疫动物后产生较强特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,且具有良好的免疫保护效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,具体涉及一种产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗原多表位融合蛋白及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
仔猪腹泻可导致仔猪死亡,影响生长速度、育成率等,给养猪业生产造成巨大的经济损失。产肠毒素大肠杆菌(Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC)是导致新生仔猪和断奶仔猪腹泻的主要病原菌,可导致幼畜腹泻、呕吐不止、排黄白色水样稀粪、脱水消瘦,并伴有其他并发症,死亡率和发病率极高。抗生素和疫苗接种是防控ETEC引起幼畜发病的常用策略。然而,长期用药或过量使用均可造成抗生素药物在动物体内残留,不仅影响产品质量,还影响生态环境。另外,由于抗生素的不合理使用造成细菌耐药性的日趋严重,威胁公共卫生安全。因此,疫苗免疫目前公认最有效的防止ETEC感染的重要手段。世界卫生组织在过去20年里一直鼓励和支持ETEC疫苗开发。
多表位融合抗原(Multiepitope fusion antigen,MEFA)疫苗学是将多种目标抗原基因以及辅助性表位融合在一起,是近年来发展起来的一种新型疫苗研制技术。MEFA将来自不同菌株或毒力决定簇的中和表位整合到单一免疫原中,并模拟多价抗原的表位天然抗原性,以诱导广泛的保护性免疫。在蛋白质建模和分子动力学模拟的辅助下,MEFA确定了一种主干免疫原理想的无毒和强烈免疫原性(最好也是佐剂)毒力决定簇,具有多个分离良好的连续表位和稳定的二级结构,并用来自不同毒力因子的中和表位取代主干表位,以获得广泛的免疫原。与传统疫苗相比具有安全、特异性强、可联合多个抗原表位和容易保存的优点,并且可大规模化学合成,易于纯化,在动物体内应用非常安全。
由于ETEC的血清型较多,不同黏附素抗原之间缺乏交叉保护,因此导致免疫效果不佳。而现有的商品化疫苗一般都是单价或双价,实际应用效果显示对其他血清型ETEC没有很好的抵抗作用,且地域局限性明显。ETEC的菌毛黏附素F4(K88)、F5(K99)、F6(987P)、F18和F41等,具有较好的免疫原性,是疫苗研发的主要靶标。目前,国内外研制的疫苗多是针对菌毛黏附素F4(K88)、F5(K99)、F6(987P)、F18和F41的二价、三价或者四价基因工程疫苗,但是免疫原组成单一,不能完全保护所以血清型ETEC。有研究分析F4(K88)、F5(K99)、F6(987P)、F18和F41的抗原表位,以不同F4菌毛菌毛黏附素亚单位FaeG和F18菌毛黏附素亚FedF蛋白作为骨架分别插入其他黏附素抗原肽,但是该方法中其他黏附素抗原肽片段短,与骨架蛋白相比免疫原性弱,影响免疫效果和保护率。另外,由于抗原肽融合蛋白显著小于全菌抗原,不能有效地进行抗原递呈,在没有免疫佐剂和通用型辅助性T细胞表位(PADRE)存在情况下,免疫原性较弱、无法激活更多的免疫细胞,影响免疫效果。如何提高抗原肽融合蛋白的抗原性、免疫原性和广谱性,筛选关键抗原肽和设计多抗原融合蛋白是关键所在。目前,尚无同时包含ETEC 5种菌毛黏附素F4(K88)、F5(K99)、F6(987P)、F18、F41主要抗原表位肽并融合免疫增强表位的广谱、高效抗原多表位融合蛋白的报道。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗原多表位融合蛋白及其制备方法和应用,该融合蛋白能够高效表达,且能有效解决产肠毒素大肠杆菌不同菌毛黏附素缺乏交叉保护作用、免疫原性较弱等问题。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
第一方面,本发明提供一种优化的产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗原多表位融合蛋白,包括如下步骤:
利用生物信息学方法分析产肠毒素大肠杆菌菌毛黏附素F4(K88)、F5(K99)、F6(987P)、F18和F41主要结构亚单位的抗原表位,进一步设计菌毛黏附素抗原表位、通用型辅助性T细胞表位PADRE和不耐热肠毒素LTb串联融合蛋白。
首先,根据F4(K88)菌毛黏附素结构亚单位FaeG、F5(K99)菌毛黏附素结构亚单位FanC、F6(987P)菌毛黏附素结构亚单位FasA、F18菌毛黏附素结构亚单位FedF和F41菌毛黏附素结构亚单位Fim41a的序列,利用ProtParam分析理化性质,TMHMM v.2.0分析跨膜位点,NetPhos3.1分析磷酸化位点,SignalP 5.0分析信号肽,SOMPA和DNAstar分析二级结构,SWISS-MODEL分析三级结构,IEDB在线预测B细胞表位。根据FaeG(F4)、FanC(F5)、FasA(F6)、FedF(F18)和FimF41a(F41)蛋白生物信息学分析结果,确定表面可及性好、抗原性强、柔韧性好、亲水性好的抗原肽段。
优选地,K88(F4)菌毛黏附素结构亚单位FaeG抗原表位为114~198氨基酸(SEQ IDNo.1)、K99(F5)菌毛黏附素结构亚单位FanC抗原表位为70~166氨基酸(SEQ ID No.2)、987P(F6)菌毛黏附素结构亚单位FasA抗原表位为97~180氨基酸(SEQ ID No.3)、F18菌毛黏附素结构亚单位FedF抗原表位为74~262氨基酸(SEQ ID No.4)和F41菌毛黏附素结构亚单位Fim41a抗原表位为128~249氨基酸(SEQ ID No.5)。
基于选定的FaeG(F4)、FanC(F5)、FasA(F6)、FedF(F18)、FimF41a(F41)优势抗原表位,结合不耐热肠毒素LTb序列(SEQ ID No.6)和通用型辅助性T细胞表位(PADRE)(AKFVAAWTLKAAA),分别以刚性Linker(EAAAK)2和柔性Linker(GGGGS)3连接,分别进行不同方式串联构建MEFA融合蛋白,并进行二级结构、三级结构、过敏性和免疫原性分析。优选的,MEFA融合蛋白组合为LTb-PADRE-FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF,其氨基酸序列如SEQ IDNo.7所示。
结合第一方面,进一步的,本发明还提供了一种优化的产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗原多表位融合蛋白的编码基因序列,如SEQ ID No.8所示。
另一方面,本发明还提供一种产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗原多表位融合蛋白的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
根据优化的基因序列进行基因合成,并插入表达载体pColdI的EcoRI和XhoI酶切位点之间,构建重组表达载体pColdI-LTb5F,将其转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,利用IPTG诱导表达,优选在0.2mmol/L IPTG、20℃诱导过夜,离心收集菌体,破碎菌体收集上清液,纯化获得抗原多表位融合蛋白。
再一方面,本发明还提供一种产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗原多表位融合蛋白的一种用途,是作为抗原制备疫苗中的应用。
有益效果
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:通过分析优选设计了ETEC的5种菌毛黏附素结构亚单位的抗原多表位融合蛋白,血清型覆盖广;没有过敏性,不会导致免疫动物过敏,安全性高。抗原多表位融合蛋白的免疫原性强,作为抗原制备疫苗,免疫动物后抗体效价较高,产生特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,且能使免疫动物抵御ETEC导致的肠道病变,具有较好的免疫保护效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗原多表位融合蛋白的分子结构设计示意图;
图2为本发明实施例1中产肠毒素大肠杆菌LTb-PADRE-FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白的三级结构预测;
图3为本发明实施例2中产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗原多表位融合蛋白表达质粒pColdI-LTb5F双酶切鉴定;
泳道M:DNA分子量标准DL5000;泳道1:pColdI-LTb5F重组质粒EcoR I/Xho I双酶切。
图4为本发明实施例2中产肠毒素大肠杆菌LTb-PADRE-FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白纯化蛋白SDA-PAGE图和Western blot鉴定图;图A:纯化LTb-PADRE-FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白的SDS-PAGE电泳图。图B:LTb-PADRE-FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白的Western blot图,一抗分别为FaeG(F4)、FanC(F5)、FasA(F6)、FedF(F18)和FimF41a(F41)蛋白的鼠源多克隆抗体;
图5为本发明实施例3中LTb-PADRE-FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白免疫后血清特异性IgG检测结果;
图6为本发明实施例3中LTb-PADRE-FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白免疫后淋巴细胞刺激指数;
图7为本发明实施例3中LTb-PADRE-FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白免疫后脾脏中T细胞亚群分析;图A:CD4+T细胞阳性率;图B:CD8+T细胞阳性率;
图8为本发明实施例3中LTb-PADRE-FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白免疫后小鼠的肠道病理变化。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例,进一步对本发明进行清楚、完整的描述。这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限定本发明的范围。除非另行定义,文中所使用的所有专业与科学用语与本领域熟练人员所熟悉的意义相同。
实施例1:产肠毒素大肠杆菌菌毛黏附素F4(K88)、F5(K99)、F6(987P)、F18和F41抗原表位筛选及融合蛋白的设计
本实施利用生物信息学方法分析产肠毒素大肠杆菌菌毛黏附素F4(K88)、F5(K99)、F6(987P)、F18和F41主要结构亚单位的抗原表位,进一步优选地设计菌毛黏附素抗原表位、通用型Th细胞表位PADRE和不耐热肠毒素LTb串联融合蛋白。首先,根据F4(K88)菌毛黏附素结构亚单位FaeG、F5(K99)菌毛黏附素结构亚单位FanC、F6(987P)菌毛黏附素结构亚单位FasA、F18菌毛黏附素结构亚单位FedF和F41菌毛黏附素结构亚单位Fim41a的序列,利用ProtParam分析理化性质,TMHMM v.2.0分析跨膜位点,NetPhos 3.1分析磷酸化位点,SignalP 5.0分析信号肽,SOMPA和DNAstar分析二级结构,SWISS-MODEL分析三级结构,IEDB在线预测B细胞表位。
根据FaeG(F4)、FanC(F5)、FasA(F6)、FedF(F18)和FimF41a(F41)蛋白生物信息学分析结果,确定表面可及性好、抗原性强、柔韧性好、亲水性好的抗原肽段。优选地,F4(K88)菌毛黏附素结构亚单位FaeG抗原表位为114~198氨基酸(SEQ ID No.1)、F5(K99)菌毛黏附素结构亚单位FanC抗原表位为70~166氨基酸(SEQ ID No.2)、F6(987P)菌毛黏附素结构亚单位FasA抗原表位为97~180氨基酸(SEQ ID No.3)、F18菌毛黏附素结构亚单位FedF抗原表位为74~262氨基酸(SEQ ID No.4)和F41菌毛黏附素结构亚单位Fim41a抗原表位为128~249氨基酸(SEQ ID No.5)。
基于选定的FaeG(F4)、FanC(F5)、FasA(F6)、FedF(F18)、FimF41a(F41)抗原表位,结合不耐热肠毒素LTb序列(SEQ ID No.6)和通用型辅助性T细胞表位(PADRE)(AKFVAAWTLKAAA),分别以(EAAAK)2和柔性Linker(GGGGS)3连接,分别进行不同方式串联构建MEFA融合蛋白,并进行二级结构及三级结构分析。优选的,MEFA融合蛋白组合为LTb-PADRE-FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF(SEQ ID No.7),图1为本发明实施例多表位融合抗原的分子结构设计示意图。利用I-TASSER预测三级结构发现本实施例构建的LTb-PADRE-FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白结构有利于暴露抗原位点,结构表位暴露性较好,易与抗体结合,在蛋白分子构象上符合表位设计要求(图2)。应用AllergenFPv.1.0、AllerTOP v.2.0在线工具进行过敏性预测,结果该抗原多表位融合蛋白没有过敏性。应用VaxiJen在线软件预测,抗原多表位融合蛋白的抗原性为1.2093,具有较强的免疫原性。
实施例2:产肠毒素大肠杆菌菌毛黏附素抗原多表位融合蛋白FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF的制备
(1)重组质粒pColdI-LTb-PADRE-FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF的构建及鉴定
根据LTb-PADRE-K88-K99-987P-F41-F18氨基酸序列进行密码子优化,最终确定编码抗原多表位融合蛋白的碱基序列(SEQ ID No.8),并在两端分别添加EcoRI和XhoI酶切位点,交由生物公司合成基因序列,并克隆至pColdI表达质粒中,将该质粒命名为pColdI-LTb5F。将重组质粒pColdI-LTb5F以EcoRI和XhoI进行双酶切,酶切产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳得到大小约为4407bp的载体片段和2049bp的抗原多表位基因片段(图3),与设计一致,表明重组质粒pColdI-LTb5F构建成功。
(2)FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白的表达和纯化
将构建正确的重组表达质粒pColdI-LTb5F转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,涂布LB/氨苄平板,挑取单菌落接种于LB/氨苄培养基中,于37℃摇床震荡过夜培养。次日,取新鲜菌液按1:100比例接种于LB/氨苄培养基中,37℃、180rpm震荡培养至OD600nm为0.6,加入IPTG至终浓度为0.2mmol/L,于20℃诱导表达过夜。次日,离心收集菌体,于冰水浴中进行超声波破碎,再次离心后分别收集上清液与沉淀进行SDS-PAGE分析,发现经过条件优化,FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白为可溶性上清表达。利用镍柱纯化FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白。将超声破碎上清以0.45μm滤器过滤后,用镍柱将上清液进行亲和层析纯化,用含有不同浓度咪唑的洗杂液上柱,收集穿流液SDS-PAGE进行鉴定。结果显示,成功表达FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白,在约76kD处有明显条带,用上清纯化的方法对其进行纯化,可见目的条带清晰且单一(图4A)。亲和纯化的最优条件是含有60mM咪唑浓度的洗杂液,含120mM咪唑浓度洗脱液。
(3)Western Blot鉴定FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白的抗原性
将纯化后的FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白进行SDS-PAGE,然后按照常规方法进行转膜、封闭过夜。分别以FaeG(F4)、FanC(F5)、FasA(F6)、FedF(F18)和FimF41a(F41)蛋白的鼠源多克隆抗体为一抗,商品化HRP标记羊抗鼠IgG为二抗进行Western blot。结果显示,FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白可分别与FaeG(F4)、FanC(F5)、FasA(F6)、FedF(F18)和FimF41a(F41)抗体发生特异性反应(图4B),表明抗原多表位融合蛋白具备良好的反应原性。
实施例3:FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白作为候选疫苗抗原的免疫效果评价
(1)实验动物分组及免疫
取6周龄BALB/c健康雌鼠,随机分为3组,分别为抗原多表位融合蛋白(MEFA)免疫组、PBS对照组、佐剂对照组。将纯化的FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF MEFA蛋白与弗氏佐剂按1:1比例进行乳化,背部皮下分点免疫小鼠,每只小鼠免疫免疫剂量为100μL,蛋白含量为100μg共,免疫3次,每次间隔2周。首次免疫时MFEA免疫组为弗氏完全佐剂,第二次及第三次免疫佐剂为弗氏不完全佐剂。
(2)FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白的免疫原性测定
首次免疫后7d、14d、21d、28d、35d、42d、49d和56d从小鼠眼眶后静脉丛采血,分离血清。以FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF MEFA蛋白包被ELISA酶标板,采用间接ELISA方法检测小鼠血清IgG抗体滴度及消长规律。
结果显示,在首次免疫7d后MEFA免疫组开始产生特异性抗体,之后呈指数上升趋势,在三免后7d(35d)达到高峰,产生的特异性抗体效价高达1:256000,而PBS对照组和佐剂对照组没有特异性抗体效价(图5)。以上结果表明FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF MEFA具有良好的免疫原性,能够刺激机体产生高水平的体液免疫应答。
(3)脾淋巴细胞增殖测定
在二免后7d(21d)与三免后7d(35d),取小鼠脾脏,制备单个脾淋巴细胞悬液,将其稀释到7.55×106个细胞/mL;在96孔平板中,每孔添加50μL细胞悬液,再分别添加50μL含10%胎牛血清1640培养基,50μL ConA刺激物(10μg/mL)和50μL FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF MEFA融合蛋白(10μg/mL)。分别以对照组、非特异刺激组、特异刺激组进行试验;37℃培养48h,然后每孔添加10μL CCK8,继续培养4h;用酶标仪法测定OD450nm,并计算其刺激指数(SI),SI=(MEFA融合蛋白刺激组OD值-空白对照组OD值)/(阴性对照组OD值-空白对照组OD值)。
结果显示,二免后7d(21d)与三免后7d(35d)MEFA融合蛋白刺激组的SI值显著高于对照组小鼠,而且随着免疫时间增长多肽蛋白刺激组的脾淋巴细胞SI值持续上升(P<0.001)(图6),表明FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF MEFA能较好地刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,从而诱导很强的细胞免疫应答。
(4)脾脏T淋巴细胞测定
二免后7d(21d)与三免后7d(35d),取各组小鼠脾脏,用4%多聚甲醛固定,制作石蜡切片,用封闭液将切片封闭30min,再与一抗4℃孵育过夜。PBST清洗3次,每次时间为5min。添加二抗,在室温避光条件下孵育1h,并用PBST清洗3次,每次冲洗5min,再用蒸馏水漂洗一次,DAPI复染细胞核,避光室温孵育10min,加入自体荧光淬灭溶液B 5min,用活水冲洗10min。滴密封剂,用荧光显微镜拍摄图像,以ImageJ软件分析CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞比例。
结果显示,二免后7d(21d)与三免后7d(35d)FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF MEFA蛋白免疫组小鼠脾脏中CD4+T和CD8+T细胞的荧光强度均高于PBS对照组和佐剂对照组(图7),表明MEFA蛋白能够较好激活小鼠脾脏CD4+和CD8+T细胞,能够增强机体的特异性细胞免疫应答。
(5)小鼠肠道免疫保护效果评价
为进一步评价FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF MEFA免疫产生的保护作用,本实施例在测定抗体和细胞免疫的基础上,以ETEC菌株进行攻毒,攻毒24h后摘取每组小鼠的空肠、回肠,经4%多聚甲醛溶液固定,经苏木素-伊红染色(HE染色)制备病理切片,观察各组小鼠脏器组织病理变化情况。
结果显示,未攻毒对照组小鼠空肠、回肠绒毛分布正常,形态结构正常。PBS组攻毒小鼠空肠大量肠绒毛上皮细胞胞核皱缩深染,增加肠粘膜炎症细胞,回肠肠绒毛上皮细胞严重变性,固有层充血,淋巴细胞小灶性浸润。FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF MEFA免疫组攻毒后,空肠表面分布有肠绒毛,表面为单层柱状上皮,上皮细胞之间有杯状细胞分布,回肠组织可见表面分布有肠绒毛,表面为完整的单层柱状上皮,肠腺排列整齐,未见明显异常(图8)。
以上结果充分证实,本发明制备的FaeG-FanC-FasA-FimF41a-FedF抗原多表位融合蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,作为抗原制备疫苗,免疫动物后抗体效价较高,产生特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,且能使免疫动物抵御ETEC导致的肠道病变,具有较好的免疫保护效果,可以作为ETEC基因工程疫苗的候选抗原。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。实际上,除了本文所述的内容外,本领域技术人员参照上文的描述和附图可以容易地掌握对本发明的多种改进。所述改进也落入所附权利要求书的范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗原多表位融合蛋白,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.7所示。
2.编码权利要求1所述产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗原多表位融合蛋白的基因,其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No.8所示。
3.表达权利要求1所述产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗原多表位融合蛋白的重组表达方法,其特征在于,合成权利要求2所述的基因,插入表达载体pColdI的EcoRI和XhoI酶切位点之间,构建重组表达载体pColdI-LTb5F,将其转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,利用IPTG诱导表达,纯化得到所述产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗原多表位融合蛋白。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于:所述诱导表达的条件为:0.2mmol/LIPTG、20℃诱导过夜。
5.权利要求1所述产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗原多表位融合蛋白在制备抵御ETEC导致的肠道病变的疫苗中的应用。
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