CN116972340A - Integrated management system and method for liquid hydrogen aircraft - Google Patents
Integrated management system and method for liquid hydrogen aircraft Download PDFInfo
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- CN116972340A CN116972340A CN202310937766.1A CN202310937766A CN116972340A CN 116972340 A CN116972340 A CN 116972340A CN 202310937766 A CN202310937766 A CN 202310937766A CN 116972340 A CN116972340 A CN 116972340A
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 311
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 311
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 307
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 250
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007363 regulatory process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 particularly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
- F17D3/01—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
- F17D1/086—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products for explosives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive management system and a method for a liquid hydrogen aircraft. According to the system, through the coupling effect of the temperature three-way valve and the flow three-way valve, the temperature and the flow of the liquid hydrogen are precisely controlled before the liquid hydrogen enters the supercritical state, so that the control problem caused by the physical property transition of the supercritical hydrogen is effectively solved; meanwhile, redundant high-pressure liquid hydrogen is directly throttled in the flow regulation process, and the liquid hydrogen storage tank is cooled, so that the effective unification of liquid hydrogen flow regulation and nondestructive storage is realized, and the liquid hydrogen loss rate is reduced. In addition, the Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler and the liquid hydrogen vaporizer are adopted to sufficiently precool the air before entering the air compressor, so that the compression efficiency of the air compressor can be effectively improved, and the full utilization of the cold quantity of the liquid hydrogen medium can be realized; and water generated by the fuel cell reaction is used for preliminary precooling of a high-temperature coolant from an engine, so that the overall energy utilization rate of the liquid hydrogen aircraft is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid hydrogen airplanes, in particular to a comprehensive management system and a method thereof for a liquid hydrogen airplane.
Background
The continuous development of global economy promotes the stable growth of the air transportation industry, but the problems of increased energy consumption, environmental pollution and the like brought along with the continuous development are increasingly prominent. Hydrogen is the most likely power energy adopted by new energy branch aircraft in the future, because the heat value of the hydrogen energy per unit mass is higher than aviation kerosene, the specific energy density is high, and water is mainly produced in a combustion or electrochemical mode, the hydrogen-free energy branch aircraft has the characteristic of zero emission, and is one of the best aviation new energy for global aviation.
Current commercial aircraft solutions are more prone to use liquid hydrogen as a fuel. The volume of liquid hydrogen is ten times that of aviation kerosene with the same mass, meanwhile, liquid hydrogen conveying, safety protection, thermal management, filling and the like are different from those of traditional aviation kerosene, particularly, liquid hydrogen medium often enters a supercritical state in the use process, and the flow and temperature regulation difficulty caused by physical property mutation in the trans-critical process is greatly increased, so that an efficient and controllable hydrogen energy storage and supply system becomes a key technology which is necessary to be solved in the research and development of a liquid hydrogen aircraft.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive management system of a liquid hydrogen aircraft, which realizes the accurate control of the temperature and flow of liquid hydrogen entering an engine by arranging a double-loop regulation structure; and the air entering the liquid hydrogen aircraft is fully precooled by utilizing the liquid hydrogen vaporization cooling capacity and Zhong Zhengqing conversion cooling capacity, so that the air entering amount is increased, and the operation efficiency of the air compressor is improved.
The invention aims at realizing the aim by adopting the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a system for integrated management of a liquid hydrogen aircraft, comprising a hydrogen pipeline, a temperature regulation branch, a flow regulation pipeline, an air pipeline, a fuel cell air pipeline, a coolant circulation pipeline and a water pipeline;
zhong Zhengqing the conversion precooler, the liquid hydrogen vaporizer and the coolant heat exchanger are respectively provided with a first channel and a second channel which form heat exchange;
the hydrogen pipeline is sequentially connected with a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a liquid hydrogen stop valve, a liquid hydrogen booster pump, an inlet of a temperature three-way valve, a first outlet of the temperature three-way valve, an inlet of a flow three-way valve, a first outlet of the flow three-way valve, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a flowmeter, a second channel of a liquid hydrogen vaporizer, a second channel of a Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler and a hydrogen inlet of an engine, and is used for pressurizing and vaporizing a liquid hydrogen medium in the liquid hydrogen storage tank and then delivering the liquid hydrogen medium to the transmitter for combustion;
the temperature regulation branch is sequentially connected with a second outlet of the temperature three-way valve and a hydrogen pipeline between the temperature three-way valve and the flow three-way valve after the temperature regulator is converted by Zhong Zhengqing; zhong Zhengqing the conversion temperature regulator is used for carrying out endothermic Zhong Zhengqing conversion reaction on the input liquid hydrogen, and the temperature of the liquid hydrogen is reduced by the reaction, so that the temperature of the liquid hydrogen input into the flow three-way valve in the hydrogen pipeline is regulated;
the flow regulating pipeline is sequentially connected with a second outlet of the flow three-way valve, a throttling device, a cooler in the liquid hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell, and is used for throttling redundant high-pressure liquid hydrogen in the hydrogen pipeline, cooling liquid hydrogen medium in the liquid hydrogen storage tank after generating cold energy to realize lossless storage, and the liquid hydrogen enters the fuel cell for reaction after heat exchange and vaporization;
the air pipeline is sequentially connected with a first channel of the air inlet fan and the Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler, a first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer, an engine air stop valve, a gas compressor and an air inlet of the engine, and is used for cooling air heated after being compressed by the air inlet fan;
the front end of the air pipeline of the fuel cell is connected with the air pipeline between the liquid hydrogen vaporizer and the engine air stop valve, and then is sequentially connected with the air stop valve of the fuel cell, the first channel of the coolant heat exchanger and the air inlet of the fuel cell, and is used for cooling part of air in the air pipeline to the coolant and then inputting the cooled part of air into the fuel cell for reaction;
the coolant circulation pipeline is sequentially connected with a coolant outlet of the engine, a coolant circulation pump, a dry channel of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler and a second channel of the coolant heat exchanger, and then is connected with a coolant inlet of the engine again, so that heat dissipation and cooling of the engine are realized;
the water pipeline is sequentially connected with a product water outlet of the fuel cell, a water valve and a wet channel of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler, and is used for conveying water generated by the fuel cell to the dew point indirect evaporative cooler to generate cold energy required by the coolant through evaporative cooling, and generated water vapor is directly discharged.
As a preferable mode of the first aspect, the hydrogen storage device further comprises a controller, wherein the controller is connected with the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the flowmeter through signal lines, and is also connected with the temperature three-way valve and the flow three-way valve through signal lines, and the controller is used for controlling and adjusting the opening of the temperature three-way valve and the opening of the flow three-way valve according to the collected pressure, temperature and flow signals in a feedback mode, so that accurate control of target flow and target temperature is achieved before liquid hydrogen enters a supercritical state.
Preferably, the liquid hydrogen storage tank supplies liquid hydrogen by self-pressurizing or pumping.
As a preferable mode of the first aspect, the hydrogen pipeline, the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the liquid hydrogen booster pump, the Zhong Zhengqing conversion attemperator, the flow control pipeline, the throttling device, the Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler, the liquid hydrogen vaporizer, the coolant heat exchanger, the coolant circulating pump and the dew point indirect evaporative cooler are all provided with heat insulation materials.
As a preferable aspect of the first aspect, the liquid hydrogen flow passage of the Zhong Zhengqing reforming attemperator is filled with a catalyst for para-hydrogen reforming reaction, and is capable of generating cold for attemperation by performing catalytic reforming reaction on liquid hydrogen.
As a preferable aspect of the first aspect, the second channel of the Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler is filled with a catalyst for secondary-normal hydrogen conversion reaction, and can perform catalytic conversion reaction on liquid hydrogen to generate cold energy for precooling.
Preferably, in the first aspect, the cooler is a heat exchange coil.
As a preferable aspect of the first aspect, the coolant in the coolant circulation line is R134a refrigerant.
Preferably, the heat exchange coil is provided outside the engine, and the coolant in the coolant circulation line cools the engine by flowing through the heat exchange coil.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling a liquid hydrogen aircraft using the system according to any one of the first aspects, comprising:
s1, acquiring two preset target parameters, namely a liquid hydrogen temperature T and a flow m before entering a liquid hydrogen vaporizer; firstly, a liquid hydrogen stop valve is opened, a liquid hydrogen booster pump is started, and liquid hydrogen medium in a liquid hydrogen storage tank sequentially enters the liquid hydrogen booster pump through the liquid hydrogen stop valve to be boosted, and enters a temperature three-way valve and a flow three-way valve to be split;
s2, the liquid hydrogen is divided into two paths after passing through a temperature three-way valve, one path of the liquid hydrogen continuously advances along a hydrogen pipeline, the other path of the liquid hydrogen enters a temperature regulation and control branch, secondary hydrogen conversion reaction occurs under the action of a catalyst in a Zhong Zhengqing conversion temperature regulator, the liquid hydrogen is cooled and then flows into the hydrogen pipeline again, and a controller regulates the opening of the temperature three-way valve through signals of a temperature sensor, so that the temperature of the mixed liquid hydrogen reaches a set liquid hydrogen temperature T value; the control logic of the controller to the liquid hydrogen temperature is as follows: when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor exceeds a T value, the flow rate conveyed to the temperature regulation branch is increased by adjusting the opening degree of the temperature three-way valve, and when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is lower than the T value, the flow rate conveyed to the temperature regulation branch is reduced by adjusting the opening degree of the temperature three-way valve, and finally the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is kept to reach the set T value through continuous feedback control;
s3, the liquid hydrogen continues to pass through the flow three-way valve and then is divided into two paths, one path continues to advance along the hydrogen pipeline, the other path enters the flow regulating pipeline, and the controller regulates the opening of the flow three-way valve through signals of the flowmeter, so that the flow of the liquid hydrogen after passing through the flow three-way valve reaches a set flow m value; the liquid hydrogen flow control logic of the controller is as follows: when the flow in the hydrogen pipeline measured by the flow meter exceeds the m value, the opening of the flow three-way valve is adjusted to convey redundant liquid hydrogen to the flow regulation pipeline, and when the flow in the hydrogen pipeline measured by the flow meter is smaller than the m value, the power of the liquid hydrogen booster pump is increased, and the flow of the liquid hydrogen measured by the flow meter is finally kept to reach the set m value through continuous feedback;
s4, inputting liquid hydrogen at a set temperature T and a flow m into a second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer, converting the liquid hydrogen into a supercritical state from a liquid state after releasing cold energy, then continuously entering a Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler, further releasing the cold energy through secondary and positive conversion under the action of a catalyst, and finally entering an engine;
s5, high-pressure liquid hydrogen entering a flow regulating pipeline in the flow regulating process firstly enters a throttling device, is throttled and cooled, then enters a cooler arranged in a liquid hydrogen storage tank, cools high-temperature liquid hydrogen at the upper part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to prevent evaporation loss, and hydrogen generated by vaporization after the high-pressure liquid hydrogen releases cold energy continuously enters a fuel cell;
s6, opening an engine air stop valve, a fuel cell air stop valve and a water valve, starting an air inlet fan and a gas compressor, enabling external air to enter an air pipeline, heating and boosting after passing through the air inlet fan, enabling the external air to enter a first channel of a Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler to absorb secondary and positive conversion cold energy for preliminary cooling, and enabling the external air to enter a first channel of a liquid hydrogen vaporizer to absorb liquid hydrogen cold energy for deep cooling to form low-temperature air; the low-temperature air after deep cooling is divided into two paths, one path of the low-temperature air continuously enters a gas compressor through an engine air stop valve to be compressed, then enters an engine to be combusted with hydrogen to generate thrust, the other path of the low-temperature air enters a fuel cell air pipeline through a fuel cell air stop valve, the low-temperature air firstly enters a first path of a coolant heat exchanger in the fuel cell air pipeline to release cold energy, and then enters a fuel cell to react with the hydrogen to generate current; the water generated during the operation of the fuel cell enters a water pipeline, enters a wet channel of a dew point indirect evaporative cooler through a water valve, is evaporated to generate cold energy, and is finally directly discharged;
s7, starting a coolant circulating pump, enabling the coolant in a coolant circulating pipeline to firstly enter a dry channel of a dew point indirect evaporative cooler for preliminary cooling under the drive of the coolant circulating pump, then entering a second channel of a coolant heat exchanger for absorbing low-temperature air cooling capacity for cooling again, and returning to the engine for cooling after reaching a set temperature, so that the running efficiency of the engine is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding and beneficial technical effects: through the coupling effect of the temperature three-way valve and the flow three-way valve, the temperature and the flow of the liquid hydrogen are precisely controlled before the liquid hydrogen enters the supercritical state, so that the control problem caused by the physical property transition of the supercritical hydrogen is effectively solved; in the flow regulation process, redundant high-pressure liquid hydrogen is directly throttled to cool a liquid hydrogen storage tank, so that the effective unification of liquid hydrogen flow regulation and nondestructive storage is realized, and the liquid hydrogen loss rate is reduced; the Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler and the liquid hydrogen vaporizer are adopted to sufficiently precool the air before entering the air compressor, so that the compression efficiency of the air compressor can be effectively improved, and the full utilization of the cold quantity of the liquid hydrogen medium can be realized; the water generated by the fuel cell reaction is used for preliminary precooling of the high-temperature coolant from the engine, so that the overall energy utilization rate of the liquid hydrogen aircraft is improved.
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings so as to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated management system for a liquid hydrogen aircraft according to the present invention.
In the figure: the hydrogen pipeline 1, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, the liquid hydrogen stop valve 3, the liquid hydrogen booster pump 4, the temperature three-way valve 5, the flow three-way valve 6, the pressure sensor 7, the temperature sensor 8, the flowmeter 9, the temperature regulation branch 10 and Zhong Zhengqing conversion temperature regulator 11, the flow regulation pipeline 12, the throttle 13, the lossless storage cooler 14, the fuel cell 15, the signal line 16, the controller 17, the air pipeline 18, the air inlet fan 19 and Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler 20, the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 21, the engine air stop valve 22, the compressor 23, the engine 24, the fuel cell air pipeline 25, the fuel cell air stop valve 26, the coolant heat exchanger 27, the coolant circulation pipeline 28, the coolant circulation pump 29, the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 30, the water pipeline 31 and the water valve 32.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, whereby the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features of the embodiments of the invention can be combined correspondingly on the premise of no mutual conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected with intervening elements present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" to another element, there are no intervening elements present.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing between the descriptions and not necessarily for the purpose of indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the expressions such as "high temperature", "low temperature", "high pressure", "low pressure", and the like are used for the purpose of distinguishing between relatively high and low temperatures, and are not to be construed as limiting the absolute values of temperature and pressure.
Referring to fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a system for integrated management of a liquid hydrogen aircraft, comprising a hydrogen line 1, a liquid hydrogen tank 2, a liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 3, a liquid hydrogen booster pump 4, a temperature three-way valve 5, a flow three-way valve 6, a pressure sensor 7, a temperature sensor 8, a flow meter 9, temperature regulation branches 10, zhong Zhengqing, a turn-around attemperator 11, a flow regulation line 12, a restrictor 13, a cooler 14, a fuel cell 15, a signal line 16, a controller 17, an air line 18, an intake fan 19, zhong Zhengqing, a turn-around precooler 20, a liquid hydrogen vaporizer 21, an engine air shut-off valve 22, a compressor 23, an engine 24, a fuel cell air line 25, a fuel cell air shut-off valve 26, a coolant heat exchanger 27, a coolant circulation line 28, a coolant circulation pump 29, a dew point indirect evaporative cooler 30, a water line 31, and a water valve 32. The assembled relationship between the components is described in detail below.
The temperature three-way valve 5 and the flow three-way valve 6 in the invention are two-way valves of one inlet and two outlets. For convenience of description, three ports of the three-way valve are referred to as an inlet, a first outlet, and a second outlet, and flow ratio of the two outlets can be adjusted by the opening degree of the valve. The Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler 20 and Zhong Zhengqing conversion temperature regulator 11 in the invention refers to a precooler and a temperature regulator which provide cold energy by utilizing the heat absorption reaction of Zhong Zhengqing conversion, and the specific structural form of the precooler and the temperature regulator can be similar to that of a common precooler and temperature regulator, but the cold energy is provided by arranging Zhong Zhengqing conversion catalyst inside and then catalyzing Zhong Zhengqing conversion. The dew point indirect evaporative cooler 30 in the invention is divided into a dry channel and a wet channel, and water evaporates in the wet channel to generate cold energy, so as to cool the medium in the dry channel. The Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler 20 provided by the invention is provided with a first channel and a second channel which form heat exchange, and the working medium between the two channels can exchange cold energy and heat through the heat exchange. The liquid hydrogen vaporizer 21 of the present invention has a first passage and a second passage that constitute heat exchange, and the working medium between the two passages can exchange cold and heat by the heat exchange. The coolant heat exchanger 27 of the present invention has a first passage and a second passage that constitute heat exchange, and the working medium between the two passages exchanges cold and heat by the heat exchange. Zhong Zhengqing the specific structural forms of the precooler 20, the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 21, and the coolant heat exchanger 27 are not limited.
The hydrogen pipeline 1 is sequentially connected with the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, the liquid hydrogen stop valve 3, the liquid hydrogen booster pump 4, the inlet of the temperature three-way valve 5, the first outlet of the temperature three-way valve 5, the inlet of the flow three-way valve 6, the first outlet of the flow three-way valve 6, the pressure sensor 7, the temperature sensor 8, the flowmeter 9, the second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 21, the second channel of the Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler 20 and the hydrogen inlet of the engine 24, and is used for pressurizing (about 16MPa, and can be subjected to feedback control through the pressure sensor 7) and vaporizing the liquid hydrogen medium in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and then conveying the liquid hydrogen medium to the transmitter 24 for combustion.
In an embodiment of the invention, the liquid hydrogen tank 2 may be supplied with liquid hydrogen by self-pressurization or pumping or the like.
The temperature regulation branch 10 mainly realizes the liquid hydrogen temperature regulation function, the temperature regulation branch 10 is connected with a second outlet of the temperature three-way valve 5 and the Zhong Zhengqing conversion temperature regulator 11 in sequence, and then is connected with the hydrogen pipeline 1 between the temperature three-way valve 5 and the flow three-way valve 6, after the liquid hydrogen booster pump 4 boosts the liquid hydrogen medium, the liquid hydrogen temperature can generate a certain temperature rise, after the liquid hydrogen in the temperature regulation branch 10 passes through the Zhong Zhengqing conversion temperature regulator 11, the Zhong Zhengqing conversion temperature regulator 11 can be used for carrying out endothermic secondary and positive conversion reaction on the input liquid hydrogen, the liquid hydrogen is cooled through the reaction, and the cooled liquid hydrogen is mixed in a liquid hydrogen flow path with the other original temperature, so that the liquid hydrogen temperature input into the flow three-way valve 6 in the hydrogen pipeline 1 is regulated.
The flow control pipeline 12 mainly realizes the liquid hydrogen flow control function, the flow control pipeline 12 is sequentially connected with a second outlet of the flow three-way valve 6, a restrictor 13, a cooler 14 in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell 15, and is used for restricting redundant high-pressure liquid hydrogen in the hydrogen pipeline 1, cooling a liquid hydrogen medium of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 after generating cold energy, realizing lossless storage, vaporizing the liquid hydrogen after heat exchange, and then entering the fuel cell 15 for reaction. The fuel cell generated current may be used to support the operation of moving parts in a liquid hydrogen aircraft.
In the embodiment of the invention, the cooler 14 in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 is optionally connected with the first channel of the pre-cooler 20, the first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 21, the engine air stop valve 22, the air compressor 23 and the air inlet of the engine 24 by using the heat exchange coil air pipeline 18 in sequence, so as to fully cool the high-temperature air heated after being compressed by the air inlet fan 19, improve the compression efficiency of the air compressor 23 and reduce the heat protection requirement.
The front end of the fuel cell air pipeline 25 is connected with the air pipeline 18 between the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 21 and the engine air stop valve 22, and then is sequentially connected with the fuel cell air stop valve 26, the first channel of the coolant heat exchanger 27 and the air inlet of the fuel cell 15, so that part of low-temperature air in the air pipeline 18 is used for cooling the coolant in the coolant circulation pipeline 28, and the air after absorbing heat is finally input into the fuel cell 15 for reaction.
The coolant circulation pipeline 28 is sequentially connected with a coolant outlet of the engine 24, a coolant circulation pump 29, a dry channel of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 30 and a second channel of the coolant heat exchanger 27, and then is connected to a coolant inlet of the engine 24 again, so that the heat management of the engine 24 is realized, and the operation efficiency of the engine 24 is improved by effectively radiating and cooling the engine 24.
The water pipe 31 is connected to the product water outlet of the fuel cell 15, the water valve 32, and the wet channel of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 30 in order, and is used for delivering water generated by the fuel cell 15 to the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 30, generating cold energy required by the coolant through evaporative cooling, and directly discharging generated water vapor.
In addition, the management system can be controlled manually in theory, but in view of control accuracy and precision, the controller 17 is provided in the embodiment of the present invention to perform automatic feedback control. The controller 17 may be implemented by using an automatic control device such as a single chip microcomputer, PLC, MCU, DCS, etc., which is not limited. The controller 17 is connected with the pressure sensor 7, the temperature sensor 8 and the flow meter 9 through the signal line 16, and is also connected with the temperature three-way valve 5 and the flow three-way valve 6 through the signal line 16, and the controller 17 adjusts the opening degrees of the temperature three-way valve 5 and the flow three-way valve 6 according to pressure, temperature and flow signals respectively acquired by the pressure sensor 7, the temperature sensor 8 and the flow meter 9 through feedback control, so that accurate control of target flow and target temperature is realized before liquid hydrogen enters a supercritical state.
In the integrated management system for the liquid hydrogen aircraft according to the present invention, the hydrogen pipeline 1, the liquid hydrogen tank 2, the liquid hydrogen booster pumps 4 and Zhong Zhengqing, the flow control pipeline 12, the throttler 13 and Zhong Zhengqing, the pre-cooler 20, the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 21, the coolant heat exchanger 27, the coolant circulation pump 29, and the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 30 may be provided with heat insulating materials to prevent heat leakage. The coolant in the coolant circulation line 28 preferably employs R134a refrigerant, while the exterior of the engine 24 may be provided with heat exchange coils through which the coolant in the coolant circulation line 28 cools the engine 24.
In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen flow passage of the Zhong Zhengqing reformer thermostat 11 is filled with a catalyst for para-hydrogen reforming reaction, and the liquid hydrogen can be subjected to catalytic reforming reaction to generate cold for temperature adjustment. While Zhong Zhengqing the second passage of the conversion precooler 20 is filled with a catalyst for para-normal hydrogen conversion reaction, which is capable of performing a catalytic conversion reaction on liquid hydrogen to generate cold for precooling. The specific material type of the catalyst for Zhong Zhengqing conversion reaction is not limited, and is based on having high catalytic activity.
In another embodiment of the present invention, based on the above-mentioned integrated management system of the liquid hydrogen aircraft shown in fig. 1, an integrated control method of the liquid hydrogen aircraft is further provided, which specifically includes the following steps:
it is first assumed that all valves are in a closed state and all devices and components are in a dead state.
(1) Two target parameters, namely, the liquid hydrogen temperature T and the flow rate m before the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 21 is required to be entered, are set in advance, and the hydrogen flow rate of the engine 24 is precisely controlled based on these two target parameters. Firstly, the liquid hydrogen stop valve 3 is opened, the liquid hydrogen booster pump 4 is started, liquid hydrogen medium in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 sequentially enters the liquid hydrogen booster pump 4 to be boosted through the liquid hydrogen stop valve 3, the liquid hydrogen state is changed from a low-pressure state to a high-pressure state, and the liquid hydrogen enters the temperature three-way valve 5 and the flow three-way valve 6 to be split.
(2) The liquid hydrogen is divided into two paths after passing through the temperature three-way valve 5, one path of the liquid hydrogen continuously advances along the hydrogen pipeline 1, the other path of the liquid hydrogen enters the temperature regulation and control branch 10, secondary hydrogen conversion reaction is carried out under the action of a catalyst in the Zhong Zhengqing conversion temperature regulator 11, the liquid hydrogen is cooled and then flows into the hydrogen pipeline 1 again, the opening of the temperature three-way valve 5 is regulated by the controller 17 through the signal of the temperature sensor 8, and the mixed liquid hydrogen temperature reaches a set liquid hydrogen temperature T value; the control logic of the controller 17 for the liquid hydrogen temperature is as follows: when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor 8 exceeds the T value, the flow rate conveyed to the temperature regulation branch 10 is increased by adjusting the opening degree of the temperature three-way valve 5, and when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor 8 is lower than the T value, the flow rate conveyed to the temperature regulation branch 10 is reduced by adjusting the opening degree of the temperature three-way valve 5, and the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor 8 is finally kept to reach the set T value through continuous feedback control.
(3) The liquid hydrogen continues to pass through the flow three-way valve 6 and then is divided into two paths, one path continues to advance along the hydrogen pipeline 1, the other path enters the flow regulating pipeline 12, and the controller 17 adjusts the opening of the flow three-way valve 6 through the signal of the flowmeter 9 so as to enable the flow of the liquid hydrogen after passing through the flow three-way valve 6 to reach a set flow m value; the controller 17 controls the logic of the liquid hydrogen flow rate as follows: when the flow rate in the hydrogen pipeline 1 measured by the flow meter 9 exceeds the m value, the opening of the flow three-way valve 6 is adjusted to convey redundant liquid hydrogen to the flow regulating pipeline 12, and when the flow rate in the hydrogen pipeline 1 measured by the flow meter 9 is smaller than the m value, the power of the liquid hydrogen booster pump 4 is increased, and the liquid hydrogen flow rate measured by the flow meter 9 is finally kept to reach the set m value through continuous feedback.
(4) The liquid hydrogen at the set temperature T and the flow m is input into the second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 21, the liquid hydrogen is converted into a supercritical state from a liquid state after the cold energy is released, then the liquid hydrogen continuously enters the Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler 20, the cold energy is further released through secondary and positive conversion under the action of a catalyst, and finally the liquid hydrogen finally enters the engine 24.
(5) The high-pressure liquid hydrogen entering the flow regulating pipeline 12 in the flow regulating process firstly enters the restrictor 13, is throttled and cooled, then enters the lossless storage cooler 14 arranged in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, cools the high-temperature liquid hydrogen at the upper middle part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, prevents evaporation loss, and continuously enters the fuel cell 15 after the high-pressure liquid hydrogen releases cold energy and the hydrogen generated by vaporization.
(6) Opening an engine air stop valve 22, a fuel cell air stop valve 26 and a water valve 32, starting an air inlet fan 19 and a gas compressor 23, enabling external air to enter an air pipeline 18, quickly converting the air into a high-temperature high-pressure state through temperature rise and pressure rise after passing through the air inlet fan 19, then entering a first channel of a Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler 20, absorbing secondary and positive conversion cold energy for primary cooling, then entering a first channel of a liquid hydrogen vaporizer, and deeply cooling the absorption liquid hydrogen cold energy to form low-temperature air; the low-temperature air after deep cooling is divided into two paths, one path of the low-temperature air continuously enters the compressor 23 through the engine air stop valve 22 to be compressed, enters the engine 24 to be burnt with hydrogen to generate thrust, the other path of the low-temperature air enters the fuel cell air pipeline 25 through the fuel cell air stop valve 26, and for the low-temperature air entering the fuel cell air pipeline 25, the low-temperature air firstly enters the first path of the coolant heat exchanger 27 to release cold energy, and then enters the fuel cell 15 to react with the hydrogen to generate current; in addition, the water generated during the operation of the fuel cell 15 enters the water pipeline 31, and enters the wet channel of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 30 through the water valve 32 to be evaporated to generate cold energy, and finally is directly discharged.
(7) The coolant circulation pump 29 is started, so that the coolant in the coolant circulation pipeline 28 firstly enters a dry channel of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 30 to be primarily cooled under the drive of the coolant circulation pump 29, then enters a second channel of the coolant heat exchanger 27 to absorb low-temperature air cooling capacity to be cooled again, and returns to the engine 24 to cool the engine 24 after reaching the set temperature, thereby improving the operation efficiency of the engine 24.
In addition, the numbers (1) to (7) in the above method flow do not refer to the operation sequence in actual use, but only to distinguish a certain path or a certain function, and in actual operation, a certain number or single steps are performed simultaneously, separately or sequentially according to the actual operation condition.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The integrated management system of the liquid hydrogen aircraft is characterized by comprising a hydrogen pipeline (1), a temperature regulation and control branch (10), a flow regulation and control pipeline (12), an air pipeline (18), a fuel cell air pipeline (25), a coolant circulation pipeline (28) and a water pipeline (31);
zhong Zhengqing the conversion precooler (20), the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (21), and the coolant heat exchanger (27) each have a first passage and a second passage that constitute heat exchange;
the hydrogen pipeline (1) is sequentially connected with a liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), a liquid hydrogen stop valve (3), a liquid hydrogen booster pump (4), an inlet of a temperature three-way valve (5), a first outlet of the temperature three-way valve (5), an inlet of a flow three-way valve (6), a first outlet of the flow three-way valve (6), a pressure sensor (7), a temperature sensor (8), a flowmeter (9), a second channel of a liquid hydrogen vaporizer (21), a second channel of a Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler (20) and a hydrogen inlet of an engine (24), and is used for pressurizing and vaporizing a liquid hydrogen medium in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and then conveying the liquid hydrogen medium to the transmitter (24) for combustion;
the temperature regulation branch (10) is sequentially connected with a second outlet of the temperature three-way valve (5) and a Zhong Zhengqing conversion thermostat (11) and then connected with a hydrogen pipeline (1) between the temperature three-way valve (5) and the flow three-way valve (6); zhong Zhengqing conversion temperature regulator (11) is used for carrying out endothermic Zhong Zhengqing conversion reaction on the input liquid hydrogen, and the temperature of the liquid hydrogen is reduced by the reaction, so that the temperature of the liquid hydrogen input into the flow three-way valve (6) in the hydrogen pipeline (1) is regulated;
the flow control pipeline (12) is sequentially connected with a second outlet of the flow three-way valve (6), a restrictor (13), a cooler (14) in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell (15), and is used for restricting redundant high-pressure liquid hydrogen in the hydrogen pipeline (1), cooling a liquid hydrogen medium in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) after generating cold energy to realize lossless storage, and enabling the liquid hydrogen to enter the fuel cell (15) for reaction after heat exchange vaporization;
the air pipeline (18) is sequentially connected with a first channel of the air inlet fan (19) and the Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler (20), a first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (21), an engine air stop valve (22), a gas compressor (23) and an air inlet of the engine (24), and is used for cooling air heated after being compressed by the air inlet fan (19);
the front end of the fuel cell air pipeline (25) is connected with an air pipeline (18) between the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (21) and the engine air stop valve (22), and then is sequentially connected with the fuel cell air stop valve (26), a first channel of the coolant heat exchanger (27) and an air inlet of the fuel cell (15), and is used for cooling part of air in the air pipeline (18) to coolant and then inputting the coolant into the fuel cell (15) for reaction;
the coolant circulation pipeline (28) is sequentially connected with a coolant outlet of the engine (24), a coolant circulation pump (29), a dry channel of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler (30) and a second channel of the coolant heat exchanger (27) and then is connected with a coolant inlet of the engine (24) again, so that the heat dissipation and cooling of the engine (24) are realized;
the water pipeline (31) is sequentially connected with a product water outlet of the fuel cell (15), a water valve (32) and a wet channel of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler (30), and is used for conveying water generated by the fuel cell (15) to the dew point indirect evaporative cooler (30) to generate cold energy required by coolant through evaporative cooling, and generated water vapor is directly discharged.
2. The integrated management system of the liquid hydrogen aircraft according to claim 1, further comprising a controller (17), wherein the controller (17) is connected with the pressure sensor (7), the temperature sensor (8) and the flowmeter (9) through signal lines (16), and is also connected with the temperature three-way valve (5) and the flow three-way valve (6) through the signal lines (16), and the controller (17) is used for controlling and adjusting the opening of the temperature three-way valve (5) and the flow three-way valve (6) according to the collected pressure, temperature and flow signal feedback, so that the accurate control of the target flow and the target temperature is realized before the liquid hydrogen enters the supercritical state.
3. Integrated management system for liquid hydrogen aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid hydrogen tank (2) is supplied with liquid hydrogen by means of self-pressurization or pumping.
4. The integrated management system of the liquid hydrogen aircraft according to claim 1, wherein heat insulation materials are arranged outside the hydrogen pipeline (1), the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), the liquid hydrogen booster pump (4), the Zhong Zhengqing conversion temperature regulator (11), the flow control pipeline (12), the throttle (13), the Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler (20), the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (21), the coolant heat exchanger (27), the coolant circulating pump (29) and the dew point indirect evaporative cooler (30).
5. The integrated management system of a liquid hydrogen aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the liquid hydrogen flow passage of the Zhong Zhengqing conversion temperature regulator (11) is filled with a catalyst for para-hydrogen conversion reaction, and is capable of performing catalytic conversion reaction on liquid hydrogen to generate cold energy for temperature regulation.
6. The integrated management system of a liquid hydrogen aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the second channel of the Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler (20) is filled with a catalyst for para-positive hydrogen conversion reaction, which is capable of performing a catalytic conversion reaction on liquid hydrogen to generate cold energy for precooling.
7. The integrated management system of a liquid hydrogen aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the chiller (14) is a heat exchange coil.
8. The integrated management system of a liquid hydrogen aircraft of claim 1 wherein the coolant in the coolant circulation line (28) is R134a refrigerant.
9. The integrated management system of a liquid hydrogen aircraft according to claim 1, wherein a heat exchange coil is provided outside the engine (24), and the coolant in the coolant circulation line (28) cools the engine (24) by flowing through the heat exchange coil.
10. A method for integrated control of a liquid hydrogen aircraft using the system of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
s1, acquiring two preset target parameters, namely a liquid hydrogen temperature T and a flow m before entering a liquid hydrogen vaporizer (21); firstly, a liquid hydrogen stop valve (3) is opened, a liquid hydrogen booster pump (4) is started, liquid hydrogen medium in a liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) sequentially enters the liquid hydrogen booster pump (4) through the liquid hydrogen stop valve (3) to be pressurized, and enters a temperature three-way valve (5) and a flow three-way valve (6) to be shunted;
s2, the liquid hydrogen is divided into two paths after passing through a temperature three-way valve (5), one path of the liquid hydrogen continuously advances along a hydrogen pipeline (1), the other path of the liquid hydrogen enters a temperature regulation and control branch (10), secondary hydrogen conversion reaction is carried out under the action of a catalyst in a Zhong Zhengqing conversion temperature regulator (11) to cool the liquid hydrogen, the liquid hydrogen flows into the hydrogen pipeline (1) again, and a controller (17) regulates the opening of the temperature three-way valve (5) through a signal of a temperature sensor (8) so that the temperature of the mixed liquid hydrogen reaches a set liquid hydrogen temperature T value; the controller (17) controls the logic of the liquid hydrogen temperature as follows: when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor (8) exceeds a T value, the flow rate conveyed to the temperature regulation branch circuit (10) is increased by adjusting the opening degree of the temperature three-way valve (5), and when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor (8) is lower than the T value, the flow rate conveyed to the temperature regulation branch circuit (10) is reduced by adjusting the opening degree of the temperature three-way valve (5), and finally the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor (8) is kept to reach the set T value through continuous feedback control;
s3, the liquid hydrogen continues to pass through the flow three-way valve (6) and then is divided into two paths, one path of the liquid hydrogen continues to advance along the hydrogen pipeline (1), the other path of the liquid hydrogen enters the flow regulating pipeline (12), and the controller (17) regulates the opening of the flow three-way valve (6) through signals of the flowmeter (9), so that the flow of the liquid hydrogen after passing through the flow three-way valve (6) reaches a set flow m value; the controller (17) controls logic of liquid hydrogen flow as follows: when the flow rate in the hydrogen pipeline (1) measured by the flowmeter (9) exceeds an m value, redundant liquid hydrogen is conveyed to the flow rate regulating pipeline (12) by adjusting the opening of the flow rate three-way valve (6), when the flow rate in the hydrogen pipeline (1) measured by the flowmeter (9) is smaller than the m value, the power of the liquid hydrogen booster pump (4) is increased, and finally the liquid hydrogen flow rate measured by the flowmeter (9) is kept to reach the set m value through continuous feedback;
s4, inputting liquid hydrogen at a set temperature T and a flow m into a second channel of a liquid hydrogen vaporizer (21), converting the liquid hydrogen into a supercritical state after releasing cold energy, then continuously entering a Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler (20), further releasing the cold energy through secondary and positive conversion under the action of a catalyst, and finally entering an engine (24);
s5, high-pressure liquid hydrogen entering a flow regulating pipeline (12) in the flow regulating process firstly enters a throttle (13), is throttled and cooled, then enters a cooler (14) arranged in a liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), cools high-temperature liquid hydrogen at the upper middle part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) to prevent evaporation loss, and hydrogen generated by vaporization after the high-pressure liquid hydrogen releases cold energy continuously enters a fuel cell (15);
s6, opening an engine air stop valve (22), a fuel cell air stop valve (26) and a water valve (32), starting an air inlet fan (19) and a gas compressor (23), enabling external air to enter an air pipeline (18), heating and boosting after passing through the air inlet fan (19), enabling the external air to enter a first channel of a Zhong Zhengqing conversion precooler (20) to absorb secondary and positive conversion cold energy for preliminary cooling, and enabling the external air to enter a first channel of a liquid hydrogen vaporizer to absorb liquid hydrogen cold energy for deep cooling to form low-temperature air; the low-temperature air after deep cooling is divided into two paths, one path of the low-temperature air continuously enters a compressor (23) for compression through an engine air stop valve (22), then enters an engine (24) for combustion with hydrogen to generate thrust, the other path of the low-temperature air enters a fuel cell air pipeline (25) through a fuel cell air stop valve (26), the low-temperature air firstly enters a first path of a coolant heat exchanger (27) in the fuel cell air pipeline (25) to release cold energy, and then enters a fuel cell (15) for reaction with the hydrogen to generate current; the water generated during the operation of the fuel cell (15) enters a water pipeline (31), enters a wet channel of a dew point indirect evaporative cooler (30) through a water valve (32) to be evaporated to generate cold energy, and is finally directly discharged;
s7, starting a coolant circulating pump (29), enabling the coolant in a coolant circulating pipeline (28) to firstly enter a dry channel of a dew point indirect evaporative cooler (30) to carry out primary cooling under the drive of the coolant circulating pump (29), then entering a second channel of a coolant heat exchanger (27) to absorb low-temperature air cooling capacity to carry out secondary cooling, and returning to the engine (24) for cooling after reaching a set temperature, so that the operation efficiency of the engine (24) is improved.
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| CN117395973A (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2024-01-12 | 中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心 | Cooling device |
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| CN117395973B (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2024-03-05 | 中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心 | Cooling device |
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