CN114673930B - Energy-saving alloy hydrogen storage tank hydrogen charging system - Google Patents
Energy-saving alloy hydrogen storage tank hydrogen charging system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114673930B CN114673930B CN202210247521.1A CN202210247521A CN114673930B CN 114673930 B CN114673930 B CN 114673930B CN 202210247521 A CN202210247521 A CN 202210247521A CN 114673930 B CN114673930 B CN 114673930B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
- F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/043—Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/036—Treating the boil-off by recovery with heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
- F17C2270/0763—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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Abstract
The invention relates to an energy-saving alloy hydrogen storage tank hydrogen charging system, which comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank, wherein a liquid hydrogen vaporizer is arranged beside the liquid hydrogen storage tank, a pressurizing heat exchange pipeline and a vaporizing heat exchange pipeline are arranged in the liquid hydrogen vaporizer, two ends of the pressurizing heat exchange pipeline are respectively communicated with the liquid hydrogen storage tank through pipelines, one end of the vaporizing heat exchange pipeline is communicated with the liquid hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline, the other end of the vaporizing heat exchange pipeline is sequentially connected with a first thermometer, a flow regulating valve and a pressure stabilizing valve in series through a pipeline, the pressure stabilizing valve is connected with an alloy hydrogen storage tank group, and meanwhile, the pipeline between the first thermometer and the flow regulating valve is connected with the alloy hydrogen storage tank group through a branch pipe; the alloy hydrogen storage tank group is sequentially connected with refrigeration equipment, a refrigerant box and a cooling pump in series through pipelines, one path of the cooling pump is connected with the alloy hydrogen storage tank group, and the other path of the cooling pump is connected with the liquid hydrogen vaporizer, so that the operation is stable and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of technical hydrogen charging systems, in particular to an energy-saving alloy hydrogen storage tank hydrogen charging system.
Background
Against the increasingly severe climate and energy problems, at present, clear carbon peaks and carbon neutralization targets have been proposed, which will accelerate the progress of energy transformation and energy revolution. The fuel cell is used as a novel energy conversion device, can be applied to terminals such as ships, automobiles, distributed power stations and the like, and is one of important directions of clean energy application. The raw material of the fuel cell is hydrogen, the source of the hydrogen can be obtained by electrolyzing water by clean energy sources such as solar energy, nuclear energy and the like, and the preparation of the hydrogen by combining with the clean energy sources does not involve the emission of carbon dioxide; unlike fuel vehicles, the product of a fuel cell is water, and the power generation process thereof does not produce carbon dioxide emissions. The preparation and use of hydrogen are green and pollution-free, and the application of the fuel cell can promote the realization of the double-carbon target.
The hydrogen source is an important component of the fuel cell system, and the alloy hydrogen storage technology is one of the hydrogen source technologies at the application end of the fuel cell system. The alloy hydrogen storage technology is a solid hydrogen storage technology, and under specific temperature and pressure conditions, hydrogen and an alloy forming compound are stored in an alloy hydrogen storage tank in a solid state, and hydrogen is released when external heat is absorbed, so that the reversible storage and recycling of the hydrogen can be realized. The storage pressure of the alloy hydrogen storage is about one tenth to several tenths of that of the high-pressure hydrogen storage technology, so that the alloy hydrogen storage has higher safety; in addition, the volume hydrogen storage density of the alloy hydrogen storage material is higher than that of high-pressure hydrogen storage, and the alloy hydrogen storage material can be applied to occasions with high volume requirements, such as deep sea, deep ground equipment and the like. The alloy hydrogen storage has great advantages in safety and volume hydrogen storage density compared with other hydrogen sources, and is one of the application directions of the hydrogen source technology of the fuel cell system.
When the alloy hydrogen storage tank is charged with hydrogen, a large amount of heat energy is generated in the process of forming hydride by hydrogen and the alloy, so that a rapid temperature rise phenomenon occurs in the tank body, the temperature of the tank body is rapidly increased to more than 85 ℃, the high temperature can inhibit the rate of absorbing hydrogen by the alloy, the hydrogen charging efficiency is reduced, and the safety of the tank body material is reduced. The problem is particularly obvious in a large-volume alloy hydrogen storage tank, and the problem that the hydrogen can be continuously charged only after the temperature in the tank body is reduced, so that the hydrogen charging time is greatly prolonged; therefore, in order to improve the hydrogen charging efficiency of the alloy hydrogen storage tank and ensure the safety of the tank body in the hydrogen charging process, the generated heat energy needs to be quickly and timely taken out of the tank body.
In the prior art, when high-pressure hydrogen such as a hydrogen container grid is used for charging hydrogen in an alloy hydrogen storage tank, a precooler is generally required to cool the hydrogen, low-temperature cooling water is used as a heat exchange medium, and the following two modes are utilized for cooling:
first kind: the alloy hydrogen storage tank is immersed in water in a water tank, a low-temperature water tank is used as a cooling source, the alloy hydrogen storage tank is immersed in the low-temperature water tank, and the heat in the tank is taken away by means of contact between the outer surface of the tank and low-temperature water in the water tank, so that the hydrogen charging efficiency is improved;
second kind: the heat generated by hydrogen charging is carried out by utilizing the circulating low-temperature cooling water to enter the heat exchange structure arranged in the alloy hydrogen storage tank, as in the publication No. CN111536418B, a refrigerating machine is used for preparing low-temperature water, and the hydrogen charging efficiency is improved by utilizing the method that the circulating low-temperature cooling water enters the heat exchange structure arranged in the alloy hydrogen storage tank to carry out heat.
However, the two modes have the following defects:
under the first mode of use, firstly need to soak the alloy hydrogen storage jar that waits to supply in the low temperature pond, restricted the convenience when alloy hydrogen storage jar application occasion and filling hydrogen, secondly, alloy hydrogen storage jar surface heat transfer area is limited, and the heat transfer of jar internal portion has hysteresis quality, and the heat that is close to the surface of alloy hydrogen storage jar surface and jar internal portion can only be taken away to the short time, and the heat transfer is limited, can't realize the cooling of whole jar fast.
Under the second mode of use, through the use mode of built-in heat exchange structure and low temperature circulation cooling water contact as the heat transfer mode, the heat transfer volume is limited, if need to improve heat exchange efficiency, need increase its inside heat exchange structure, the packing space of alloy hydrogen storage jar inside hydrogen storage material tends to reduce its hydrogen storage density, restricts its application occasion, need uninterrupted preparation circulation cooling water simultaneously, consumes more energy.
In the application field of fuel cells, the existing hydrogen storage and transportation mode mainly uses the form of gaseous hydrogen such as high-pressure hydrogen cylinder container grids or hydrogen tube bundles to transport, the density of hydrogen in the gaseous storage and transportation is smaller, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage pressure container is heavy in weight, so that the efficiency of transporting hydrogen in the gaseous storage and transportation is low, and the cost is higher. The liquid hydrogen storage and transportation technology is to store and transport the liquefied hydrogen at low temperature, the hydrogen storage density of the liquid hydrogen is far higher than the gaseous hydrogen storage density, the storage and transportation efficiency of the hydrogen can be improved, the storage and transportation cost can be reduced, and the liquid hydrogen storage and transportation technology has become the focus of attention in the industry and becomes one of the important directions of development in the industry.
The temperature of the liquid hydrogen under normal pressure is below minus 252.8 ℃, a great amount of heat energy is required to be absorbed in the process of vaporizing the liquid hydrogen and raising the temperature of the low-temperature hydrogen to normal temperature, if the liquid hydrogen storage and transportation mode is fused with the alloy hydrogen storage technology at the application end of the fuel cell, compared with the conventional high-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation mode, the heat transfer process of the alloy hydrogen storage tank can be systematically optimized by using the low-temperature condition of the liquid hydrogen when the liquid hydrogen is used for filling the alloy hydrogen storage tank, and the hydrogen filling efficiency of the alloy hydrogen storage tank is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The applicant provides an energy-saving alloy hydrogen storage tank hydrogen charging system aiming at the defects in the prior art, so that the hydrogen charging efficiency of the alloy hydrogen storage tank can be greatly improved, the energy consumption of the whole system is reduced, and the energy-saving and emission-reducing requirements of green energy sources are met.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an energy-conserving alloy hydrogen storage tank hydrogen charging system, includes the liquid hydrogen storage tank, one side of liquid hydrogen storage tank is provided with liquid hydrogen vaporizer, liquid hydrogen vaporizer inside is provided with pressure boost heat transfer pipeline and vaporization heat transfer pipeline, pressure boost heat transfer pipeline's both ends communicate with liquid hydrogen storage tank through the pipeline respectively, vaporization heat transfer pipeline's one end communicates with liquid hydrogen storage tank through the pipeline, vaporization heat transfer pipeline's the other end passes through pipeline in series connection thermometer, flow control valve, steady voltage valve in proper order, the steady voltage valve is connected with alloy hydrogen storage tank group, simultaneously on the pipeline between thermometer and the flow control valve through the bleeder with alloy hydrogen storage tank group be connected; the alloy hydrogen storage tank group is sequentially connected with a refrigeration device, a refrigerant box and a cooling pump in series through a pipeline, one path of the cooling pump is connected with the alloy hydrogen storage tank group, the other path is connected with a liquid hydrogen vaporizer,
and a second thermometer and a third thermometer are respectively arranged at two ends of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer, and a fourth thermometer is arranged on a pipeline between the alloy hydrogen storage tank group and the refrigeration equipment.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
the liquid hydrogen storage tank is a vacuum heat-insulating pressure vessel.
The liquid hydrogen storage tank is an oval tank body.
And the connection pipeline of the pressurizing heat exchange pipeline and the liquid hydrogen storage tank is respectively provided with an automatic regulating valve and a first pressure gauge.
And a first electric regulating valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the vaporization heat exchange pipeline and the liquid hydrogen storage tank.
And a second pressure gauge and a flowmeter are arranged on a pipeline between the pressure stabilizing valve and the alloy hydrogen storage tank group.
The alloy hydrogen storage tank group is formed by connecting three alloy hydrogen storage tanks in parallel.
The branch pipe is connected with a first safety valve and a second safety valve in series, and a blow-down pipe is arranged between the first safety valve and the second safety valve.
And a second electric regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the cooling pump and the alloy hydrogen storage tank group, and a third electric regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the cooling pump and the liquid hydrogen vaporizer.
The second thermometer is communicated with the third thermometer through a pipeline, and a fourth electric regulating valve is arranged on the pipeline.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention has compact and reasonable structure and convenient operation, and uses the low-temperature liquid hydrogen device with higher hydrogen storage density to charge hydrogen for the alloy hydrogen storage tank by selecting liquid hydrogen capable of large-scale storage and transportation as a hydrogen source, a precooler is not required to be arranged, part of heat energy is synchronously absorbed in situ when the hydrogen and the alloy form a compound by utilizing the heat absorption characteristic in the low-temperature hydrogen temperature rising process after the liquid hydrogen is gasified, the heat energy emission in the hydrogen charging process is reduced from the source, the heat transfer process of the alloy hydrogen storage tank is optimized, the hydrogen charging efficiency of the alloy hydrogen storage tank is improved, the characteristic that the temperature of the liquid hydrogen is lower than the temperature of a refrigerant is utilized, the demand on the refrigerating power of the whole system is reduced by utilizing the vaporization latent heat of the liquid hydrogen, the energy consumption of the whole system is reduced, and the energy saving and emission reduction requirements of green energy are met.
Meanwhile, the invention systematically utilizes the characteristics of the liquid hydrogen of latent heat of vaporization and low temperature, and mainly has the following advantages:
1. compared with the conventional high-pressure hydrogen filling modes of the alloy hydrogen storage tank, which require precooling and cooling the hydrogen, the liquid hydrogen device can systematically utilize the low-temperature condition of the hydrogen after the liquid hydrogen is vaporized, and the low-temperature hydrogen in-situ absorbs the heat energy generated in the partial combination process:
1) The heat transfer process of the alloy hydrogen storage tank is optimized, so that the heat exchange speed of the alloy hydrogen storage tank is increased, and the hydrogen charging efficiency is improved;
2) The optimization of the heat transfer process reduces the requirement of the alloy hydrogen storage tank on the built-in heat transfer structure, can increase the hydrogen storage space inside the alloy hydrogen storage tank, and is beneficial to the improvement of the hydrogen storage density of the alloy hydrogen storage tank.
2. By utilizing the characteristic that the temperature of liquid hydrogen is lower than the temperature of a refrigerant, the heating loop of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer is combined with the cooling loop of the alloy hydrogen storage tank set at the system level, so that the requirement on the refrigerating power of the whole system can be reduced by utilizing the vaporization latent heat of the liquid hydrogen, the power consumption of the whole system is reduced, and the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction of green energy sources are met.
3. The method provides a liquid hydrogen device which has high hydrogen storage density and can be stored and transported in a large scale to hydrogen the alloy hydrogen storage tank, accords with the development direction of the future hydrogen energy industry in the storage and transportation field, has certain prospective and has certain market popularization value.
According to the invention, the ultralow-temperature stored liquid hydrogen device is used for charging hydrogen into the alloy hydrogen storage tank, so that the heat transfer process of the alloy hydrogen storage tank is optimized, the hydrogen charging efficiency is improved, the system configuration is simplified, and the system energy consumption is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a liquid hydrogen storage tank; 2. an automatic regulating valve; 3. a liquid hydrogen vaporizer; 4. a pressurizing heat exchange pipeline; 5. a first pressure gauge; 6. a first electric control valve; 7. a vaporization heat exchange pipeline; 8. a thermometer I; 9. a flow regulating valve; 10. a pressure stabilizing valve; 11. a second pressure gauge; 12. a flow meter; 13. an alloy hydrogen storage tank group; 14. a refrigeration device; 15. a refrigerant box; 16. a cooling pump; 17. a second electric regulating valve; 18. a third electric regulating valve; 19. a thermometer II; 20. a thermometer III; 21. a fourth electric regulating valve; 22. a thermometer number four; 23. a safety valve I; 24. a safety valve II; 25. and (5) discharging the air tube.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the energy-saving alloy hydrogen storage tank hydrogen charging system of the embodiment comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3 is arranged beside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a pressurizing heat exchange pipeline 4 and a vaporizing heat exchange pipeline 7 are arranged inside the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3, two ends of the pressurizing heat exchange pipeline 4 are respectively communicated with the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through pipelines, one end of the vaporizing heat exchange pipeline 7 is communicated with the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through a pipeline, the other end of the vaporizing heat exchange pipeline 7 is sequentially connected with a first thermometer 8, a flow regulating valve 9 and a pressure stabilizing valve 10 in series through a pipeline, the pressure stabilizing valve 10 is connected with an alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13, and meanwhile, the pipeline between the first thermometer 8 and the flow regulating valve 9 is connected with the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13 through a branch pipe; the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13 is sequentially connected with a refrigeration device 14, a refrigerant box 15 and a cooling pump 16 in series through pipelines, one path of the cooling pump 16 is connected with the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13, the other path is connected with the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3,
two ends of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3 are respectively provided with a second thermometer 19 and a third thermometer 20, and a fourth thermometer 22 is arranged on a pipeline between the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13 and the refrigeration equipment 14.
The liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is a vacuum heat-insulating pressure vessel.
The liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is an elliptic tank body.
The connection pipeline of the pressurizing heat exchange pipeline 4 and the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is respectively provided with an automatic regulating valve 2 and a first pressure gauge 5.
And a first electric regulating valve 6 is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the vaporization heat exchange pipeline 7 and the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1.
A second pressure gauge 11 and a flowmeter 12 are arranged on the pipeline between the pressure stabilizing valve 10 and the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13.
The alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13 is formed by connecting three alloy hydrogen storage tanks in parallel.
The branch pipe is connected with a first safety valve 23 and a second safety valve 24 in series, and a blow-down pipe 25 is arranged between the first safety valve 23 and the second safety valve 24.
A second electric regulating valve 17 is arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the cooling pump 16 and the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13, and a third electric regulating valve 18 is arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the cooling pump 16 and the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3.
The second thermometer 19 is communicated with the third thermometer 20 through a pipeline, and a fourth electric regulating valve 21 is arranged on the pipeline.
The specific structure and functions of the invention are as follows:
the main components of the invention are as follows: the device comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3, an alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13, a cooling pump 16, a refrigerant box 15, a refrigeration device 14, matched pipelines, a plurality of pressure gauges, a plurality of thermometers, a flowmeter 12, a flow regulating valve 9, a plurality of electric regulating valves, a pressure stabilizing valve 10 and a plurality of safety valves.
The specific structural relationship and function of each part are as follows:
the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, namely the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, is a vacuum heat insulation pressure vessel, can store liquid hydrogen under certain pressure under the low temperature condition, and the outlet end of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected with the automatic regulating valve 2 through a pipeline and is connected with the first electric regulating valve 6 through a pipeline.
The automatic regulating valve 2 automatically controls the liquid hydrogen amount of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 to the pressurizing heat exchange pipeline 4 in the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3 according to the pressure monitored in real time, and the liquid hydrogen is vaporized in the pressurizing heat exchange pipeline 4 so as to control the pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the connected pipelines. The inlet of the automatic regulating valve 2 is connected with the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through a pipeline, and the outlet of the automatic regulating valve is connected with a pressurizing heat exchange pipeline 4 in the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3 through a pipeline.
The liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3, namely the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3, comprises a pressurizing heat exchange pipeline 4 and a vaporizing heat exchange pipeline 7, and is connected with an inlet and an outlet of a refrigerant. The temperature of the liquid hydrogen is far lower than that of the refrigerant, and the refrigerant introduced into the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3 plays a role in heating and vaporizing the liquid hydrogen. The front end of the first interface is connected with an automatic regulating valve 2 in a pressurizing circuit through a pipeline, and the rear end of the first interface is connected with a first pressure gauge 5 in the pressurizing circuit; the second interface is that the front end is connected with a first electric regulating valve 6 in the hydrogen supply loop through a pipeline, and the rear end is connected with a first thermometer 8 in the hydrogen supply loop; the third interface is that the front end is connected with a second thermometer 19 in the heat exchange pipeline through a pipeline, and the rear end is connected with a third thermometer 20.
The pressurizing heat exchange pipeline 4, namely the pressurizing heat exchange pipeline 4, is used for changing liquid hydrogen into hydrogen after evaporating the liquid hydrogen by heat exchange with the refrigerant introduced into the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3, and is introduced into the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, so that the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the connected pipelines is changed. The front end of the valve is connected with the automatic regulating valve 2 through a pipeline, and the rear end of the valve is connected with a first pressure gauge 5 through a pipeline.
And a first pressure gauge 5, which is used for monitoring the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the connected pipeline, wherein one end of the first pressure gauge is connected with a pressurizing heat exchange pipeline 4 in the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3 through the pipeline, and the other end of the first pressure gauge is connected with the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through the pipeline.
And the first electric regulating valve 6 controls the liquid hydrogen in the vaporization heat exchange pipeline 7 to be introduced into the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through opening and closing of the valve, and controls the flow of the liquid hydrogen through regulating the opening of the valve. The front end of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer is connected with the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through a pipeline, and the rear end of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer is connected with a vaporization heat exchange pipeline 7 in the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3 through a pipeline.
The vaporization heat exchange pipeline 7, namely the vaporization heat exchange pipeline 7, is used for converting liquid hydrogen into low-temperature hydrogen after being vaporized by heat exchange with the refrigerant introduced into the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3, and is introduced into a hydrogen charging pipeline connected with the rear part for charging hydrogen into the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13. The front end of the device is connected with a first electric regulating valve 6 through a pipeline, and the rear end of the device is connected with a first thermometer 8 through a pipeline.
A thermometer 8-is used for monitoring the temperature of the low-temperature hydrogen after being vaporized by the vaporization heat exchange pipeline 7. One end of the valve is connected with a vaporization heat exchange pipeline 7 in the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3 through a pipeline, and the other end of the valve is connected with a flow regulating valve 9 through a pipeline.
The flow regulating valve 9-according to the relevant standard specification, the highest rate of hydrogen in the hydrogen charging pipeline is limited for ensuring the safety of the flow regulating valve 9. The front end of the device is connected with a first thermometer 8 through a pipeline, and the rear end of the device is connected with a pressure stabilizing valve 10 through a pipeline.
The pressure stabilizing valve 10 is used for reducing and stabilizing the pressure of the hydrogen at the front end according to the hydrogen charging pressure required by the rear end alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13, so that the pressure stability of the hydrogen at the rear end of the pressure stabilizing valve 10 is ensured and the pressure requirement of hydrogen charging is met. The front end of the valve is connected with a flow regulating valve 9 through a pipeline, and the rear end of the valve is connected with a second pressure gauge 11 through a pipeline.
And a second pressure gauge 11, which is used for monitoring the pressure of the hydrogen in the pipeline after the pressure is reduced and stabilized through the pressure stabilizing valve 10. The front end of the valve is connected with the pressure stabilizing valve 10 through a pipeline, and the rear end of the valve is connected with the flowmeter 12 through a pipeline.
Flow meter 12-the amount of hydrogen gas charged into the back-end alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13 by the entire system is measured by the flow meter 12. The front end of the device is connected with a second pressure gauge 11 through a pipeline, and the rear end of the device is connected with an alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13 through a pipeline.
The alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13, the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13 is a hydrogen source at the application end of the fuel cell, is a charged object in the system, and hydrogen enters the alloy hydrogen storage tank to be combined with the alloy to form a compound for solid storage, and heat generated in the combination process needs to be taken out of the alloy hydrogen storage tank after heat exchange between the built-in heat exchange structure and a refrigerant. The first interface is a hydrogen charging interface and is connected with the flowmeter 12 through a pipeline; the second interface is a cooling interface, the cooled inlet is connected with the second electric regulating valve 17 through a pipeline, and the cooled outlet is connected with the inlet of the refrigeration equipment 14 through a pipeline after passing through the fourth thermometer 22.
The refrigeration equipment 14, the refrigeration equipment 14 is used for reducing the temperature of the refrigerant, provides the refrigerant with a certain temperature range in the cooling loop, and is used for heat exchange of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13 and heat exchange of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3. The front end of the device is connected with the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13 and the heat exchange pipeline of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3 through pipelines, and the rear end is connected with the refrigerant box 15 through pipelines.
A refrigerant tank 15 for storing and supplying refrigerant to the cooling circuit. The front end of the cooling pump is connected with the refrigerating equipment 14 through a pipeline, and the rear end of the cooling pump is connected with the cooling pump 16 through a pipeline.
The cooling pump 16, namely a cooling pump 16 with variable frequency regulation, pumps the refrigerant from the front-end refrigerant tank 15 and then pumps the refrigerant with controllable flow rate to the rear-end pipeline. The front end of the device is connected with a refrigerant box 15 through a pipeline, and the rear end of the device is connected with a second electric regulating valve 17 in a heat exchange pipeline of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13 and a third electric regulating valve 18 of a heat exchange pipeline of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3 through pipelines.
The second electric regulating valve 17, is arranged in the heat exchange pipeline of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13, and the second electric regulating valve 17 is used for regulating the flow of the refrigerant entering the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13, so that the temperature control of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13 is better realized. The front end of the device is connected with a cooling pump 16 through a pipeline, and the rear end of the device is connected with an alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13 through a pipeline.
The third electric regulating valve 18, the third electric regulating valve 18 is arranged in the heat exchange pipeline of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3, and the temperature control of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3 can be better realized by regulating the flow of the refrigerant entering the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3 through the third electric regulating valve 18. The front end of the cooling device is connected with the cooling pump 16 through a pipeline, and the rear end of the cooling device is connected with the second thermometer 19 through a pipeline.
A second thermometer 19, which monitors the temperature of the refrigerant pumped from the cooling pump 16. The front end of the valve is connected with a third electric regulating valve 18 through a pipeline, and the rear end of the valve is connected with the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3 through a pipeline.
A third thermometer 20-monitors the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3. The front end of the device is connected with the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3 through a pipeline, and the rear end of the device is connected with the refrigeration equipment 14 through a pipeline.
The fourth electric regulating valve 21, is arranged on a heat exchange bypass of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3, and in order to prevent the hydrogen temperature from the vaporization heat exchange pipeline 7 from being too high, the fourth electric regulating valve 21 can assist the bypass to enter part of refrigerant of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3. The front end of the valve is connected with a third electric regulating valve 18 through a pipeline, and the rear end of the valve is connected with refrigeration equipment 14 through a pipeline.
A fourth thermometer 22-monitors the coolant temperature at the outlet of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13. The front end of the device is connected with the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13 through a pipeline, and the rear end is connected with the refrigeration equipment 14 through a pipeline.
The safety valve No. 23, namely the safety valve No. 23 plays a role in safety relief, and when the pressure in the front end pipeline of the pressure stabilizing valve 10 exceeds the set pressure, the safety valve No. 23 opens the relief, so that the safety of the front end pipe fitting of the pressure stabilizing valve 10 is ensured. The front end of the valve is connected with a front end pipeline of the pressure stabilizing valve 10 through a pipeline, and the rear end of the valve is connected with a blow-down pipe 25 through a pipeline.
The second safety valve 24, namely the second safety valve 24 plays a role in safety relief, and when the pressure in the rear end pipeline of the pressure stabilizing valve 10 exceeds the set pressure, the second safety valve 24 opens the relief, so that the safety of the rear end pipe fitting of the pressure stabilizing valve 10 is ensured. The front end of the valve is connected with a rear end pipeline of the pressure stabilizing valve 10 through a pipeline, and the rear end of the valve is connected with a blow-down pipe 25 through a pipeline.
Vent tube 25-vent tube 25 vents to atmosphere for venting hydrogen in the vent line to atmosphere. The front end of the valve is connected with a first safety valve 23 and a second safety valve 24 through pipelines, and the rear end of the valve is communicated with the atmosphere.
The specific working process of the invention is as follows:
the pressurizing process of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1:
as the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is continuously supplied, the internal pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is reduced along with the decrease of the liquid level, and the pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the connected pipeline is controlled by pressurizing the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, so that the supply of hydrogen is ensured to be carried out within a certain pressure range, and the hydrogen charging requirement of the rear-end alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13 is matched. According to the real-time pressure monitored by the first pressure gauge 5, the amount of liquid hydrogen entering the pressurizing heat exchange pipeline 4 is automatically regulated, the liquid hydrogen becomes hydrogen after heat exchange in the pressurizing heat exchange pipeline 4, and the hydrogen returns to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through the pipeline, so that the effect of maintaining the pressure is achieved.
(II) a hydrogen supply process:
and opening the first electric regulating valve 6 to a certain opening degree, enabling liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 to enter the vaporization heat exchange pipeline 7 through the first electric regulating valve 6, changing the liquid hydrogen into low-temperature hydrogen after heat exchange in the vaporization heat exchange pipeline 7, and decompressing and stabilizing the pressure through the pressure stabilizing valve 10 to form the low-temperature hydrogen meeting the hydrogen charging pressure requirement of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13.
And (III) a heat exchange process of liquid hydrogen vaporization:
in the processes of (I) and (II), after the flow rate of the third electric regulating valve 18 is regulated, the refrigerant is pumped to the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3 under the action of the cooling pump 16, the temperature of the liquid hydrogen is below minus 252.8 ℃ under normal pressure, and is far lower than the temperature of the refrigerant, and the refrigerant in the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3 has the heating vaporization function on the liquid hydrogen; meanwhile, due to the effect of vaporization latent heat in the liquid hydrogen evaporation process, the refrigerant is cooled in the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 3 and then flows back to the refrigerating equipment 14, and the cooled refrigerant in the loop reduces the refrigerating requirement of the whole system on the refrigerating equipment 14, thereby playing a role in reducing the energy consumption of the whole system.
And (IV) charging process of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13:
after the low-temperature hydrogen is supplied to the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13, the hydrogen enters the alloy hydrogen storage tank and is combined with the alloy to form a solid compound, and heat is generated while the solid compound is formed. The low-temperature hydrogen supplied to the alloy hydrogen storage tank directly absorbs part of heat generated in the chemical combination process in situ, and the heat energy required for heat exchange is directly reduced through the in situ absorption of the low-temperature hydrogen, so that the heat exchange capacity requirement of the alloy hydrogen storage tank on a heat exchange structure is reduced. The in-situ absorption of heat by the low-temperature hydrogen reduces the cooling requirement of the alloy hydrogen storage tank set 13 and accelerates the cooling process of the alloy hydrogen storage tank set 13, thereby improving the hydrogen charging rate of the alloy hydrogen storage tank set 13.
And (V) heat exchange process of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13:
after a certain amount of heat energy is absorbed by the low-temperature hydrogen in situ, the rest heat energy is brought out of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 13 through a refrigerant. After the flow rate of the second electric regulating valve 17 is regulated, the refrigerant is pumped to the alloy hydrogen storage tank set 13 under the action of the cooling pump 16, and the refrigerant exchanges heat with the heat exchange structure of the alloy hydrogen storage tank set 13 to carry out residual heat energy, and flows back to the refrigerating equipment 14 to be refrigerated for recycling.
Sixth, other processes:
if the pressure at the front and rear ends of the regulator valve 10 exceeds the safety range for some reason during the hydrogen charging process: the safety valve No. 23 can ensure the safety of the front pipe fitting of the pressure stabilizing valve 10, and when the front pressure exceeds the release pressure of the safety valve No. 23, the safety valve No. 23 is opened and then communicated with the release pipe 25 to release the hydrogen with overpressure; the second safety valve 24 can ensure the safety of the rear end pipe fitting of the pressure stabilizing valve 10, and when the rear end pressure exceeds the relief pressure of the second safety valve 24, the second safety valve 24 is opened to communicate the relief pipe 25 to relieve the overpressure of the hydrogen.
The above description is intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit it, the scope of which is defined by the claims, and any modifications can be made within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An energy-conserving alloy hydrogen storage jar hydrogen filling system which characterized in that: the device comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), a liquid hydrogen vaporizer (3) is arranged beside the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), a pressurizing heat exchange pipeline (4) and a vaporizing heat exchange pipeline (7) are arranged inside the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (3), two ends of the pressurizing heat exchange pipeline (4) are respectively communicated with the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) through pipelines, one end of the vaporizing heat exchange pipeline (7) is communicated with the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) through a pipeline, the other end of the vaporizing heat exchange pipeline (7) is sequentially connected with a first thermometer (8), a flow regulating valve (9) and a pressure stabilizing valve (10) in series through pipelines, the pressure stabilizing valve (10) is connected with an alloy hydrogen storage tank group (13), and meanwhile, the pipeline between the first thermometer (8) and the flow regulating valve (9) is connected with the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (13) through a branch pipe; the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (13) is sequentially connected with a refrigeration device (14), a refrigerant box (15) and a cooling pump (16) in series through pipelines, one path of the cooling pump (16) is connected with the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (13), the other path is connected with the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (3),
two ends of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (3) are respectively provided with a second thermometer (19) and a third thermometer (20), and a fourth thermometer (22) is arranged on a pipeline between the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (13) and the refrigeration equipment (14); the branch pipe is connected with a first safety valve (23) and a second safety valve (24) in series, a blow-down pipe (25) is arranged between the first safety valve (23) and the second safety valve (24), a second electric regulating valve (17) is arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the cooling pump (16) and the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (13), a third electric regulating valve (18) is arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the cooling pump (16) and the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (3), and a fourth electric regulating valve (21) is arranged on the pipeline through pipeline communication between the second thermometer (19) and the third thermometer (20);
the working process is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) pressurizing a liquid hydrogen storage tank:
along with the continuous supply of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), the internal pressure is reduced along with the reduction of the liquid level, the pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and the pressure of a connecting pipeline are controlled through the pressurization of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), the supply of hydrogen is ensured to be carried out within a certain pressure range, the hydrogen charging requirement of the rear-end alloy hydrogen storage tank group (13) is matched, the amount of liquid hydrogen entering the pressurizing heat exchange pipeline (4) is automatically regulated according to the real-time pressure, the liquid hydrogen becomes hydrogen after heat exchange in the pressurizing heat exchange pipeline (4), and the hydrogen returns to the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) through the pipeline, so that the effect of maintaining the pressure is achieved;
(II) a hydrogen supply process:
the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) enters a vaporization heat exchange pipeline (7), the liquid hydrogen is changed into low-temperature hydrogen after heat exchange in the vaporization heat exchange pipeline (7), and the low-temperature hydrogen meeting the hydrogen charging pressure requirement of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (13) is formed by pressure reduction and pressure stabilization through a pressure stabilization valve (10);
and (III) a heat exchange process of liquid hydrogen vaporization:
in the processes of the first and the second, after the flow rate of the third electric regulating valve (18) is regulated, the refrigerant is pumped to the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (3) under the action of the cooling pump (16), the temperature of the liquid hydrogen is lower than minus 252.8 ℃ under normal pressure, and is far lower than the temperature of the refrigerant, and the refrigerant has the heating vaporization function on the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (3); meanwhile, due to the action of vaporization latent heat in the liquid hydrogen evaporation process, the refrigerant is cooled in the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (3) and then flows back to the refrigerating equipment (14), and the cooled refrigerant in the loop reduces the refrigerating requirement of the whole system on the refrigerating equipment (14) and plays a role in reducing the energy consumption of the whole system;
and (IV) a hydrogen charging process of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (13):
after low-temperature hydrogen is supplied to the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (13), the hydrogen enters the alloy hydrogen storage tank and is combined with the alloy to form a solid compound, heat is generated while the solid compound is formed, the low-temperature hydrogen supplied to the alloy hydrogen storage tank directly absorbs part of heat generated in the combination process in situ, the heat energy required for heat exchange is directly reduced through the in situ absorption of the low-temperature hydrogen, the heat exchange capacity requirement of the alloy hydrogen storage tank on a heat exchange structure is reduced, the in situ absorption of the low-temperature hydrogen on the heat reduces the cooling requirement of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (13), and the cooling process of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (13) is accelerated, so that the hydrogen charging rate of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (13) is improved;
and (V) heat exchange process of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (13):
after a certain amount of heat energy is absorbed by low-temperature hydrogen in situ, the rest heat energy is brought out of the alloy hydrogen storage tank set (13) through a refrigerant, after the flow rate of the alloy hydrogen storage tank set is regulated by a second electric regulating valve (17), the refrigerant is pumped to the alloy hydrogen storage tank set (13) under the action of a cooling pump (16), and the refrigerant is brought out of the alloy hydrogen storage tank set (13) after heat exchange with a heat exchange structure of the alloy hydrogen storage tank set, and flows back to the refrigerating equipment (14) to be refrigerated for recycling;
sixth, other processes:
if the pressure at the front and rear ends of the pressure stabilizing valve (10) exceeds the safety range due to some reasons during the hydrogen filling process: the safety valve I (23) can ensure the safety of a front end pipe fitting of the pressure stabilizing valve (10), and when the front end pressure exceeds the release pressure of the safety valve I (23), the safety valve I (23) is opened and then communicated with the vent pipe (25) to release the hydrogen with overpressure; the second safety valve (24) can ensure the safety of a rear end pipe fitting of the pressure stabilizing valve (10), and when the rear end pressure exceeds the release pressure of the second safety valve (24), the second safety valve (24) is opened and then communicated with the release pipe (25) to release the hydrogen with overpressure.
2. An energy-saving alloy hydrogen storage tank charging system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is a vacuum heat insulation pressure vessel.
3. An energy-saving alloy hydrogen storage tank charging system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is an elliptic tank body.
4. An energy-saving alloy hydrogen storage tank charging system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the automatic regulating valve (2) and the first pressure gauge (5) are respectively arranged on the connecting pipeline of the pressurizing heat exchange pipeline (4) and the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1).
5. An energy-saving alloy hydrogen storage tank charging system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a first electric regulating valve (6) is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the vaporization heat exchange pipeline (7) and the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1).
6. An energy-saving alloy hydrogen storage tank charging system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a second pressure gauge (11) and a flowmeter (12) are arranged on a pipeline between the pressure stabilizing valve (10) and the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (13).
7. An energy-saving alloy hydrogen storage tank charging system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (13) is formed by connecting three alloy hydrogen storage tanks in parallel.
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| CN111197507A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-05-26 | 上海柯来浦能源科技有限公司 | Metal hydride hydrogen energy work-doing system |
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| CN114087540A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-25 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | High-efficient portable gas-liquid bimodulus hydrogen fuel filling device |
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| US12006204B2 (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2024-06-11 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Station for filling tanks of hydrogen-fuelled vehicles |
| CN112677736A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-20 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Liquid hydrogen cold energy utilization method applied to refrigerator car |
| CN112483887A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-03-12 | 江苏国富氢能技术装备股份有限公司 | Buried liquid hydrogen storage type hydrogenation device |
| CN112483886A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-03-12 | 江苏国富氢能技术装备股份有限公司 | Liquid hydrogen storage type hydrogenation device adopting liquid hydrogen pre-cooling |
| CN113531388B (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2023-03-14 | 液空厚普氢能源装备有限公司 | System and method for recycling cold energy of liquid hydrogen refueling station |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111197507A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-05-26 | 上海柯来浦能源科技有限公司 | Metal hydride hydrogen energy work-doing system |
| CN113363530A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-07 | 四川荣创新能动力系统有限公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell tail gas recovery processing system and method |
| CN114087540A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-25 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | High-efficient portable gas-liquid bimodulus hydrogen fuel filling device |
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