CN114087540B - High-efficient portable gas-liquid bimodulus hydrogen fuel filling device - Google Patents
High-efficient portable gas-liquid bimodulus hydrogen fuel filling device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114087540B CN114087540B CN202111354843.8A CN202111354843A CN114087540B CN 114087540 B CN114087540 B CN 114087540B CN 202111354843 A CN202111354843 A CN 202111354843A CN 114087540 B CN114087540 B CN 114087540B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
- F17D3/01—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
- F17C5/04—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. filling with helium or hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/043—Pressure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device, which comprises the following steps: the gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device supplements liquid hydrogen; the gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device enters a filling preparation; the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit enters an enhanced heat exchange stage, the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit fully exchanges heat with air through metal fins on the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity, liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity absorbs heat and is vaporized, the pressure is increased, and after the set filling pressure is reached, filling preparation is completed. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention can generate extra electric energy which is stored in the vehicle-mounted battery; the method can be used for driving truck platforms and other application occasions, so that the energy self-supply rate is greatly improved, the economy of hydrogenation facilities is improved, and the service market and the application range of the hydrogenation facilities are expanded; the low-temperature liquid hydrogen is used as a main hydrogen storage mode, so that the hydrogen storage capacity is improved, the filling modes of two hydrogen fuels, namely gas and liquid, can be provided, and the application scene of the filling system is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen fuel filling, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device.
Background
Hydrogen is taken as a typical clean energy source, is gradually favored by the scientific community, industry and governments of various countries due to the characteristics of high heat value and pollution-free combustion, and is an ideal substitute for traditional fossil energy, especially in the transportation field where fossil energy is dominant. It is predicted that the fuel cell car holding capacity of China reaches 3000 ten thousand by 2050. The hydrogen fueling infrastructure matched with the system has great market opportunity.
The hydrogen fuel filling facilities for passenger cars in the current market mainly comprise fixed type hydrogenation stations and mobile type hydrogenation vehicles. The hydrogen fuel is mainly stored in a normal temperature gas or low temperature liquid form, and is pressurized to the filling pressure (usually 45.0MPa or 90.0 MPa) by a hydrogen compressor or a liquid hydrogen booster pump during filling, and a large amount of electric energy is consumed in the process, which accounts for more than 70% of the energy consumption of the whole system. Especially for mobile hydrogenation vehicles, the self energy supply depends on a fuel engine, the power is limited, the high-power supercharging operation cannot be met for a long time, and gas emission exists, so that the economy, carbon emission and overall filling efficiency of the hydrogenation vehicle are severely limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device.
The high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device comprises a liquid hydrogen storage and vaporization system and an intelligent filling flow control system; the liquid hydrogen storage and vaporization system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage unit, a hydrogen recovery module and a plurality of liquid hydrogen vaporization units; the intelligent control system for the filling flow comprises a central processing unit, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an automatic control valve, a safety relief valve and a check valve; the liquid hydrogen storage unit comprises a liquid hydrogen main tank, and explosion-proof wall enclosures are arranged around the liquid hydrogen main tank; a liquid hydrogen input port at one end of the liquid hydrogen input pipeline is connected with a liquid hydrogen source, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen input pipeline is connected with a liquid hydrogen main tank; the liquid hydrogen main tank is connected with one end of a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline is also connected with a liquid hydrogen transfer joint; the liquid hydrogen main tank is connected with one end of a liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline is connected with a liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity; the liquid hydrogen main tank is connected with an inlet of a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline, an outlet of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline is divided into two paths, one path is connected back to the liquid hydrogen main tank, and the other path is connected with a plurality of safety relief valves; the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity is connected with the reset loop; the liquid hydrogen input pipeline and the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline are heat-insulating pipelines; the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline is a non-heat-insulating pipeline, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the liquid hydrogen main tank in a coil shape, and is vaporized by heat exchange with air when the liquid hydrogen flows through, so that gaseous hydrogen is formed and returned to the liquid hydrogen main tank, the pressure in the liquid hydrogen main tank is kept, and the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline is used as power for external filling and liquid hydrogen conveying; the outlets of the liquid hydrogen conveying pipelines are respectively connected with liquid hydrogen vaporization chambers in multiple ways, and an automatic control valve, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged on the connecting pipeline of each liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber and the liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline, and the automatic control valve is an automatic control valve at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; the outlets of the liquid hydrogen vaporization units are connected in parallel to a filling pipeline, and an automatic control valve, a safety relief valve and a check valve are arranged on a branch in front of the filling pipeline, wherein the automatic control valve is an automatic control valve at the outlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; the hydrogen vaporization cavity, the automatic control valve, the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the safety relief valve and the check valve form a group of liquid hydrogen vaporization units; the filling pipeline is connected with a filling gun, and a pressure sensor is arranged in the filling gun; the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity is a non-adiabatic low-temperature high-pressure container, and metal fins for increasing heat exchange efficiency are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity; the number of the liquid hydrogen vaporization units is determined by the size of the gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device, and the large-scale system can fill more vehicles and has a large number; the small-sized system can serve fewer vehicles, and vaporization units can be correspondingly reduced; the hydrogen fuel cell, the automatic control valve, the normal temperature hydrogen storage tank and the check valve in the hydrogen recovery module are sequentially connected, and the hydrogen fuel cell, the automatic control valve, the normal temperature hydrogen storage tank and the check valve are respectively connected to each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit.
Preferably, the liquid hydrogen main tank stores 20K liquid hydrogen from a hydrogen liquefaction plant or a liquid hydrogen tank truck and low-temperature hydrogen generated by the evaporation of the liquid hydrogen through a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline, the pressure of the liquid hydrogen main tank is kept within 0.5-1.0 MPa, and the temperature of the liquid hydrogen main tank is kept below 21K; the volume of a liquid hydrogen main tank in the liquid hydrogen storage unit is less than or equal to 7m 3 。
Preferably, the liquid hydrogen input port is used for liquid hydrogen supplementation of the liquid hydrogen main tank, and the liquid hydrogen transfer joint is used for external liquid hydrogen filling output.
Preferably, the volume of each liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity is less than or equal to 1m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At least two liquid hydrogen vaporization cavities are arranged in the gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device, and the number of the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavities is adjusted according to the volume of the liquid hydrogen main tank and the volume of the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavities.
Preferably, the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit includes a liquid replenishing state, a vaporization pressurizing state, a filling state, and a resetting state.
The working method of the high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device comprises the following steps:
step 1, supplementing liquid hydrogen by a gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device: the liquid hydrogen is directly fed into the liquid hydrogen main tank through the liquid hydrogen input port and connected with a liquid hydrogen source, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor in the liquid hydrogen main tank synchronously detect the pressure and the temperature in the liquid hydrogen main tank, when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen main tank exceeds a set value due to excessive flash evaporation hydrogen, a central processing unit sends out an instruction, a safety relief valve connected with an outlet of a self-pressurization pipeline of the liquid hydrogen is opened for pressure relief, and other valves are all kept in a closed state; when the liquid level of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen main tank reaches a set value, the central processing unit sends an alarm signal, and the operation of supplementing the liquid hydrogen is finished;
step 4, filling triggering;
step 4.1, when the filling gun is connected to the user tank, a pressure sensor in the filling gun detects the residual pressure P of the user tank 0 And the residual pressure P 0 Transmitting to a central processing unit; meanwhile, the central processing unit acquires the pressure value Px in each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit and calculates the corresponding pressure difference:
Pt＝(Px-P 0 )-Ps
in the above, P 0 The residual pressure in the fuel tank of the user is indicated, and Px is the pressure value in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; after forming the pressure difference array, transmitting the pressure difference array to a central processing unit, wherein Ps is the set filling trigger pressure;
step 4.2, after the central processing unit obtains the pressure difference array, searching a minimum value Pt-min (Pt-min is required to be larger than 0) in the pressure difference array; then, an instruction is sent out, a liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity which is higher than the residual pressure of a user storage tank and has the minimum pressure difference with the user is selected, an automatic control valve at the outlet of a corresponding liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is opened, and filling is triggered; the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit fills hydrogen into the user storage tank through a filling gun;
step 5, when the central processor obtains that the pressure difference between the pressure in each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit and the residual pressure of the user storage tank is not larger than a filling trigger value, closing an automatic control valve and a check valve at the outlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit corresponding to the branch where the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity is located at the moment; re-calculating the minimum value Pt-min in the pressure difference array meeting the conditions by the central processing unit, and opening an automatic control valve at the outlet of the corresponding liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to perform filling switching;
and 6, filling and closing: when the pressure of the user storage tank reaches a set value, the central processing unit closes an automatic control valve at the outlet of the corresponding liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, and the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit stops filling hydrogen into the user storage tank;
and 9, when the residual pressure in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is reduced to be lower than the filling pressure, the central processing unit sends a closing instruction to stop generating electricity, and simultaneously, an automatic control valve at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is opened to supplement the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit.
Preferably, the set priming trigger pressure Ps in step 4.1 is set to 0.1MPa to 1.0MPa or higher depending on the on-site priming rate requirement.
Preferably, the step 7 specifically includes the following steps:
step 7.1, if the content of residual gas in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is too low after filling, and when the condition of triggering the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to supplement liquid state is reached, the central processing unit sends out a command, and the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is started to supplement liquid flow: firstly, intermittently inputting liquid hydrogen into a liquid hydrogen vaporization unit at a small flow rate by a liquid hydrogen storage unit, controlling the temperature of the liquid hydrogen at a set temperature, absorbing heat in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit after the liquid hydrogen enters the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, and pre-cooling the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; opening an automatic control valve at an inlet of a liquid hydrogen vaporization unit with too low residual gas content, connecting the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit and a hydrogen fuel cell, and conveying hydrogen generated by precooling of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to the hydrogen fuel cell through a pipeline to consume residual hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit;
step 7.2, after the liquid hydrogen vaporizing unit is precooled in a plurality of rounds in the step 7.1, when the temperature in the liquid hydrogen vaporizing unit is reduced to a set value, the central processing unit sends out a command, and the liquid hydrogen storage unit continuously injects liquid hydrogen into the liquid hydrogen vaporizing unit;
step 7.3, after the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit passes through a liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline from the liquid hydrogen storage unit to obtain enough liquid hydrogen, closing an automatic control valve at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, enabling the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to enter a vaporization pressurizing state, and obtaining heat from air by the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, and continuously heating and vaporizing;
and 7.4, stopping vaporizing pressurization when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen vaporizing unit reaches the set pressure of the liquid hydrogen vaporizing cavity, and enabling the liquid hydrogen vaporizing unit to enter a filling state, wherein the liquid hydrogen vaporizing unit is used for filling hydrogen into a user storage tank through a filling gun.
Preferably, in step 7.1, when liquid hydrogen is intermittently introduced into the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit at a small flow rate from the liquid hydrogen storage unit, the amount of liquid hydrogen charged in a single time is <5L.
Preferably, the set pressure of the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity in the step 7.4 is 45 MPa-90 MPa, and can be freely set according to different filling scene requirements.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device, through the special design of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, the physical characteristic of volume expansion in the process of vaporizing by absorbing air heat energy by liquid hydrogen is utilized, so that self-pressurization is completed in a limited space; the filling amount of liquid hydrogen is controlled, so that the pressure after vaporization reaches 45MPa to 90MPa, and the filling requirement of gaseous hydrogen is met; the pressurization operation in the filling flow process is that the residual pressure of a user storage tank and the pressure value in each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit of the system are collected through a central processing unit, and an automatic filling control system and filling logic for pressure grading utilization are formed by the central processing unit, a pressure sensor, an automatic control valve and the like; when the filling system is reset, the hydrogen fuel cell group is connected to fully utilize residual hydrogen, so that the hydrogen utilization efficiency is improved, dangerous discharge is reduced, the process is completely dependent on air heat energy, no extra electric energy is consumed, no extra carbon discharge is generated, and the energy consumption of the system can be remarkably reduced;
the invention can also generate additional electric energy which is stored in the vehicle-mounted battery; the method can be used for driving truck platforms and other application occasions, so that the energy self-supply rate is greatly improved, the economy of hydrogenation facilities is improved, and the service market and the application range of the hydrogenation facilities are expanded; the low-temperature liquid hydrogen is used as a main hydrogen storage mode, so that the hydrogen storage capacity is improved, the filling modes of two hydrogen fuels, namely gas and liquid, can be provided, and the application scene of the filling system is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fueling device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a liquid hydrogen vaporization unit;
FIG. 3 is a logic diagram of pressure cascade utilization fill;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the vehicle platform.
Reference numerals illustrate: the device comprises a liquid hydrogen main tank 1, a liquid hydrogen input pipeline 2, a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 3, a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 4, a liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline 5, a reset circuit 6, an automatic control valve 7, a safety relief valve 8, a check valve 9, a pressure sensor 10, a temperature sensor 11, a liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity 12, a filling main pipeline 13, a filling gun 14, a hydrogen fuel cell 15, a metal fin 16, a normal-temperature hydrogen storage tank 17, an explosion-proof wall enclosure 18, a liquid hydrogen transfer joint 19, a liquid hydrogen input port 20, a head 21 and a filling facility main body 22.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples. The following examples are presented only to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principles of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Example 1
The first embodiment of the application provides a high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device as shown in fig. 1, which comprises a liquid hydrogen storage and vaporization system and a filling flow intelligent control system; the liquid hydrogen storage and vaporization system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage unit, a hydrogen recovery module and a plurality of liquid hydrogen vaporization units; the intelligent control system for the filling flow comprises a central processing unit, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an automatic control valve, a safety relief valve and a check valve;
the liquid hydrogen storage unit comprises a liquid hydrogen main tank 1, and explosion-proof wall enclosures 18 are arranged around the liquid hydrogen main tank 1; a liquid hydrogen input port 20 at one end of the liquid hydrogen input pipeline 2 is connected with a liquid hydrogen source, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen input pipeline 2 is connected with a liquid hydrogen main tank 1; the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 is connected with one end of a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 3, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 3 is also connected with a liquid hydrogen transfer joint 19; the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 is connected with one end of a liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline 5, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline 5 is connected with a liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity 12; the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 is connected with the inlet of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 4, the outlet of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 4 is divided into two paths, one path is connected back to the liquid hydrogen main tank 1, and the other path is connected with a plurality of safety relief valves 8; the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity 12 is connected with the reset loop 6; the liquid hydrogen input pipeline 2 and the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 3 are heat-insulating pipelines; the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 3 is a non-heat-insulating pipeline and is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 in a coil shape, and is vaporized by heat exchange with air when the liquid hydrogen flows through to form gaseous hydrogen and then returns to the liquid hydrogen main tank, so that the pressure in the liquid hydrogen main tank is kept as the power for filling and conveying the liquid hydrogen outwards;
as shown in fig. 2, the outlets of the liquid hydrogen conveying pipelines 5 are respectively connected with liquid hydrogen vaporization chambers 12 in a dividing way, and an automatic control valve 7, a pressure sensor 10 and a temperature sensor 11 are arranged on the connecting pipeline of each liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber 12 and the liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline 5, wherein the automatic control valve 7 is an automatic control valve at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; the outlets of the liquid hydrogen vaporization units are connected in parallel to a filling pipeline 13, an automatic control valve 7, a safety relief valve 8 and a check valve 9 are arranged on a branch in front of the filling pipeline 13, and the automatic control valve 7 is an automatic control valve at the outlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; the hydrogen vaporization chamber 12, the automatic control valve 7, the pressure sensor 10, the temperature sensor 11, the safety relief valve 8 and the check valve 9 form a group of liquid hydrogen vaporization units; the filling pipeline 13 is connected with a filling gun 14, and a pressure sensor is arranged in the filling gun 14; the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity 12 is a non-adiabatic low-temperature high-pressure container, and metal fins 16 for increasing heat exchange efficiency are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity 12; the number of liquid hydrogen vaporization units is determined by the size of the gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device, as shown in fig. 4, the large-scale system can fill more vehicles, and the number is large; the small-sized system has fewer vehicles and fewer vaporization units;
the hydrogen fuel cell 15, the automatic control valve 7, the normal temperature hydrogen storage tank 17 and the check valve 9 in the hydrogen recovery module are sequentially connected, and the hydrogen fuel cell 15, the automatic control valve 7, the normal temperature hydrogen storage tank 17 and the check valve 9 are respectively connected to each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit.
Example two
On the basis of the first embodiment, a second embodiment of the present application provides a working method of the high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device in the first embodiment:
the gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device supplements liquid hydrogen: the liquid hydrogen inlet 20 is connected with a liquid hydrogen source, liquid hydrogen directly enters the liquid hydrogen main tank 1, the pressure sensor 10 and the temperature sensor 11 in the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 synchronously detect the pressure and the temperature in the liquid hydrogen main tank 1, when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 exceeds a set value due to excessive flash hydrogen, the central processing unit sends out a command, the safety relief valve 8 connected with the outlet of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 4 is opened for pressure relief, and other valves are all kept in a closed state; when the liquid level of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 reaches a set value, the central processing unit sends an alarm signal, and the operation of supplementing the liquid hydrogen is finished;
as shown in fig. 3, the dual vapor-liquid hydrogen fueling device enters a fueling preparation: the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 is opened with a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 4, the pressure in the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 is increased through liquid hydrogen vaporization, when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 reaches a set value (such as 1.0 MPa), the liquid hydrogen vaporization is stopped, and the self-pressurization cycle is closed; the central processing unit starts to detect the pressure in each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, if the pressure in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit meets the filling and fluid supplementing conditions, an automatic control valve 7 at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is opened, liquid hydrogen starts to be pressed into the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit from the liquid hydrogen main tank 1, and when the liquid hydrogen level in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit reaches a set value, filling is stopped; (for example, assuming that there are 5 liquid hydrogen vaporization units, each pressure value is p1=0.1 MPa, p2=0.1 MPa, p3=30.0 MPa, p4=10.0 MPa, p5=0.2 MPa; the filling and fluid pressure is assumed to be set to 0.1MPa, the P1 and P2 units satisfy the filling and fluid conditions, the P1 and P2 filling valves are opened, liquid hydrogen starts to be pressed into the P1 and P2 liquid hydrogen vaporization units from the main tank, and when the liquid hydrogen level in the P1 and P2 units reaches a set value, filling is terminated);
the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit enters an enhanced heat exchange stage, the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit fully exchanges heat with air through the metal fins 16 on the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity 12, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity 12 absorbs heat and vaporizes, the pressure rises, and filling preparation is completed after the set filling pressure is reached (for example, 45.0MPa or 90.0MPa is set, in the example, 45.0MPa is set, and the filling preparation is completed when the pressure after the liquid hydrogen in the P1 and P2 units is vaporized reaches 45 MPa);
after entering the gas hydrogen filling phase, the user fuel tank is accessed through the filling gun 14. The filling gun 14 has a built-in pressure sensor for detecting the residual pressure in the user fuel tank (for example, the residual pressure value in the user fuel tank is detected to be 0.5 MPa), and the central processor simultaneously gathers the pressure values in each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit at this time (for example, each unit pressure value is p1=45.0 MPa, p2=45.0 MPa, p3=30.0 MPa, p4=10.0 MPa, p5=0.2 MPa). At this time, the central processing unit analyzes that the units meeting the filling requirements are P1, P2, P3 and P4, and the pressure of P4 is closest to the residual pressure value in the user fuel storage tank, so that the central processing unit sends out a command to open the filling valve of the P4 storage tank first and start filling.
When the pressure in the user fuel tank is close to the pressure of P4, and the pressure difference between the two sides is smaller than the set value (for example, the set value is 0.1 MPa), the P4 filling valve is closed, and the pressure of the user tank is supposed to rise from 0.1MPa to 8.0MPa at the moment. At this time, the central processor re-analyzes the residual pressure of the user tank (at this time, the pressure in the user tank is 8.0 MPa) while comparing the pressure values in the respective liquid hydrogen vaporization units (for example, the pressure values of the respective units are p1=45.0 MPa, p2=45.0 MPa, p3=30.0 MPa, p4=8.1 MPa, p5=0.2 MPa). The units meeting the filling demand at this point are P1, P2, and P3, where P3 is closest to the user tank pressure. The cpu then opens the P3 fill valve to begin a new fill cycle.
When the end user tank pressure reaches the system set point (e.g., 35.0MPa or 70.0 MPa), the fill valve is closed. The filling flow ends.
At this time, the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit P5 is too low in pressure (0.2 MPa) but not low in fluid replacement pressure (0.1 MPa), and the analysis based on the big data shows that the residual pressure of the user storage tank is usually not lower than 0.3MPa, so that the filling service cannot be provided, so the central processor opens the automatic control valve 7 communicating the P5 with the hydrogen fuel cell 15, and sends the residual hydrogen to the fuel cell stack for power generation. When the pressure of P5 is reduced to 0.1MPa, the automatic control valve 7 is closed, and P5 enters the liquid supplementing stage.
When the liquid replenishing stage is started, the liquid hydrogen storage unit intermittently injects a small amount of liquid hydrogen into the P5, and monitors the temperature of the P5, so that the hydrogen generated by precooling is conveyed into the hydrogen storage tank of the fuel cell module. When the temperature of P5 drops to the set temperature (e.g., 60K in this example) after several rounds of pre-cooling, continuous injection of liquid hydrogen into P5 is started and fluid replacement is started.
After the liquid hydrogen filling stage is entered, the central processing unit starts the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 4, increases the system pressure to 1MPa, then opens the liquid hydrogen output valve, and starts the filling flow. When the liquid hydrogen level at the user end reaches a large set value, the central processing unit closes the liquid hydrogen input valve and the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 4, and the filling flow is finished.
Claims (9)
1. A high-efficient portable gas-liquid bimodulus hydrogen fuel filling device which characterized in that: comprises a liquid hydrogen storage and vaporization system and an intelligent control system for a filling flow; the liquid hydrogen storage and vaporization system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage unit, a hydrogen recovery module and a plurality of liquid hydrogen vaporization units; the intelligent control system for the filling flow comprises a central processing unit, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an automatic control valve, a safety relief valve and a check valve;
the liquid hydrogen storage unit comprises a liquid hydrogen main tank (1), and explosion-proof wall enclosures (18) are arranged around the liquid hydrogen main tank (1); a liquid hydrogen input port (20) at one end of the liquid hydrogen input pipeline (2) is connected with a liquid hydrogen source, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen input pipeline (2) is connected with a liquid hydrogen main tank (1); the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) is connected with one end of a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (3), and the other end of the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (3) is also connected with a liquid hydrogen transfer joint (19); the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) is connected with one end of a liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline (5), and the other end of the liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline (5) is connected with a liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12); the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) is connected with an inlet of a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline (4), an outlet of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline (4) is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the liquid hydrogen main tank (1), and the other path is connected with a plurality of safety relief valves (8); the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12) is connected with the reset loop (6); the liquid hydrogen input pipeline (2) and the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (3) are heat-insulating pipelines; the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (3) is a non-heat-insulating pipeline, and the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline (4) is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) in a coil shape;
the outlets of the liquid hydrogen conveying pipelines (5) are respectively connected with liquid hydrogen vaporization chambers (12) in a multi-way, an automatic control valve (7), a pressure sensor (10) and a temperature sensor (11) are arranged on the connecting pipeline of each liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber (12) and the liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline (5), and the automatic control valve (7) is an automatic control valve at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; the outlets of the liquid hydrogen vaporization units are connected in parallel to a filling pipeline (13), an automatic control valve (7), a safety relief valve (8) and a check valve (9) are arranged on a branch line in front of the filling pipeline (13), and the automatic control valve (7) is an automatic control valve at the outlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12), the automatic control valve (7), the pressure sensor (10) and the temperature sensor (11), the safety relief valve (8) and the check valve (9) form a group of liquid hydrogen vaporization units; the filling pipeline (13) is connected into a filling gun (14), and a pressure sensor is arranged in the filling gun (14); the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12) is a non-adiabatic low-temperature high-pressure container, and metal fins (16) are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12);
the hydrogen fuel cell (15), the automatic control valve (7), the normal-temperature hydrogen storage tank (17) and the check valve (9) in the hydrogen recovery module are sequentially connected, and the hydrogen fuel cell (15), the automatic control valve (7), the normal-temperature hydrogen storage tank (17) and the check valve (9) are respectively connected to each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit;
the working method of the efficient mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device comprises the following steps:
step 1, supplementing liquid hydrogen by a gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device: the liquid hydrogen is directly fed into the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) through the liquid hydrogen input port (20), a pressure sensor (10) and a temperature sensor (11) in the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) synchronously detect the pressure and the temperature in the liquid hydrogen main tank (1), when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) exceeds a set value due to excessive flash evaporation of hydrogen, a central processing unit sends out an instruction, a safety relief valve (8) connected with an outlet of a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline (4) is opened for pressure relief, and other valves are all kept in a closed state; when the liquid level of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) reaches a set value, the central processing unit sends out an alarm signal, and the operation of supplementing the liquid hydrogen is finished;
step 2, the gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device enters filling preparation: the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) is opened with a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline (4), the pressure in the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) is increased through liquid hydrogen vaporization, and when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) reaches a set value, the liquid hydrogen vaporization is stopped; the central processing unit starts to detect the pressure in each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, if the pressure in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit meets the filling and fluid supplementing conditions, an automatic control valve (7) at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is opened, liquid hydrogen starts to be pressed into the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit from the liquid hydrogen main tank (1), and when the liquid hydrogen liquid level in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit reaches a set value, filling is stopped;
step 3, the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit enters an enhanced heat exchange stage, the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit fully exchanges heat with air through metal fins (16) on the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12), liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12) absorbs heat and vaporizes, the pressure is increased, and after the set filling pressure is reached, filling preparation is completed;
step 4, filling triggering;
step 4.1, when the filling gun (14) is connected to the user tank, a pressure sensor within the filling gun (14) detects the residual pressure P of the user tank 0 And the residual pressure P 0 Transmitting to a central processing unit; meanwhile, the central processing unit acquires the pressure value Px in each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit and calculates the corresponding pressure difference:
Pt= (Px – P 0 )-Ps
in the above, P 0 The residual pressure in the fuel tank of the user is indicated, and Px is the pressure value in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; after forming the pressure difference array, transmitting the pressure difference array to a central processing unit, wherein Ps is the set filling trigger pressure;
step 4.2, after the central processing unit obtains the pressure difference array, searching a minimum value Pt-min in the pressure difference array, wherein Pt-min is more than 0; then, an instruction is sent out, a liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12) which is higher than the residual pressure of a user storage tank and has the minimum pressure difference with the user is selected, an automatic control valve (7) at the outlet of a corresponding liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is opened, and filling is triggered; the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is used for filling hydrogen into the user storage tank through a filling gun (14);
step 5, when the central processor obtains that the pressure difference between the pressure in each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit and the residual pressure of the user storage tank is not larger than a filling trigger value, closing an automatic control valve (7) and a check valve (9) at the outlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit corresponding to the branch where the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12) is located; re-calculating the minimum value Pt-min in the pressure difference array meeting the conditions by the central processing unit, and opening an automatic control valve (7) at the outlet of the corresponding liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to perform filling switching;
and 6, filling and closing: when the pressure of the user storage tank reaches a set value, the central processing unit closes an automatic control valve (7) at the outlet of the corresponding liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, and the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit stops filling hydrogen into the user storage tank;
step 7, judging whether the content of residual gas in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit meets the condition that the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit enters a liquid replenishing state when filling hydrogen into the user storage tank is completed, and further judging whether to replenish liquid for the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit;
step 8, when filling is completed, if the residual pressure in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is smaller than a set value, resetting the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, sending an instruction by the central processing unit, opening an automatic control valve (7) at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, connecting the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit with a hydrogen fuel cell (15), using the residual hydrogen for producing vehicle electric power, and meanwhile consuming the residual hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to further reduce the pressure of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit;
and 9, when the residual pressure in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is reduced to be lower than the filling pressure, the central processing unit sends a closing instruction to stop generating electricity, and simultaneously, an automatic control valve (7) at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is opened to supplement the liquid of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit.
2. The high efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual mode hydrogen fueling device of claim 1 wherein: the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) stores liquid hydrogen and low-temperature hydrogen generated by the evaporation of the liquid hydrogen through the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline (4), the pressure of the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) is kept within 0.5-1 MPa, and the temperature of the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) is kept below 21K; the volume of a liquid hydrogen main tank (1) in the liquid hydrogen storage unit is less than or equal to 7 m.
3. The high efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual mode hydrogen fueling device of claim 1 wherein: the liquid hydrogen input port (20) is used for supplementing liquid hydrogen of the liquid hydrogen main tank (1), and the liquid hydrogen transfer joint (19) is used for outputting external liquid hydrogen in a filling mode.
4. The high efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual mode hydrogen fueling device of claim 1 wherein: the volume of each liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12) is less than or equal to 1 m; at least two liquid hydrogen vaporization cavities (12) are arranged in the gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device.
5. The high efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual mode hydrogen fueling device of claim 1 wherein: the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is provided with a liquid supplementing state, a vaporization pressurizing state, a filling state and a resetting state.
6. The high efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual mode hydrogen fueling device of claim 1 wherein: in the step 4.1, the filling trigger pressure Ps is set to be 0.1 MPa-1 MPa according to the on-site filling speed requirement.
7. The high efficiency mobile dual vapor-liquid hydrogen fueling device of claim 1 wherein step 7 comprises the steps of:
step 7.1, if the content of residual gas in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is too low after filling, and when the condition of triggering the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to supplement liquid state is reached, the central processing unit sends out a command, and the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is started to supplement liquid flow: firstly, intermittently inputting liquid hydrogen into a liquid hydrogen vaporization unit at a small flow rate by a liquid hydrogen storage unit, controlling the temperature of the liquid hydrogen at a set temperature, absorbing heat in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit after the liquid hydrogen enters the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, and pre-cooling the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; opening an automatic control valve (7) at an inlet of a liquid hydrogen vaporization unit with too low residual gas content, connecting the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit with a hydrogen fuel cell (15), and conveying hydrogen generated by precooling of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to the hydrogen fuel cell (15) through a pipeline to consume residual hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit;
step 7.2, after the liquid hydrogen vaporizing unit is precooled in a plurality of rounds in the step 7.1, when the temperature in the liquid hydrogen vaporizing unit is reduced to a set value, the central processing unit sends out a command, and the liquid hydrogen storage unit continuously injects liquid hydrogen into the liquid hydrogen vaporizing unit;
step 7.3, after the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit obtains enough liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage unit through the liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline (5), closing an automatic control valve (7) at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, enabling the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to enter a vaporization pressurizing state, obtaining heat from air by the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, and continuously heating and vaporizing;
and 7.4, stopping vaporizing and pressurizing when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen vaporizing unit reaches the set pressure of the liquid hydrogen vaporizing cavity (12), and enabling the liquid hydrogen vaporizing unit to enter a filling state, wherein the liquid hydrogen vaporizing unit is used for filling hydrogen into a user storage tank through a filling gun (14).
8. The high efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual mode hydrogen fueling device of claim 1 wherein: in the step 7.1, when the liquid hydrogen is intermittently and little-flow-rate input into the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit from the liquid hydrogen storage unit, the liquid hydrogen quantity of single filling is less than 5L.
9. The high efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual mode hydrogen fueling device of claim 1 wherein: the set pressure of the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12) in the step 7.4 is 45MPa to 90MPa.
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