CN114087540A - High-efficient portable gas-liquid bimodulus hydrogen fuel filling device - Google Patents
High-efficient portable gas-liquid bimodulus hydrogen fuel filling device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114087540A CN114087540A CN202111354843.8A CN202111354843A CN114087540A CN 114087540 A CN114087540 A CN 114087540A CN 202111354843 A CN202111354843 A CN 202111354843A CN 114087540 A CN114087540 A CN 114087540A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
- F17D3/01—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
- F17C5/04—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. filling with helium or hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/043—Pressure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device, which comprises the following steps: the gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device replenishes liquid hydrogen; the gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device enters filling preparation; and the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit enters an enhanced heat exchange stage, the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit fully exchanges heat with air through the metal fins on the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity absorbs heat to vaporize, the pressure is increased until the set filling pressure is reached, and filling preparation is completed. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can generate extra electric energy to be stored in the vehicle-mounted battery; the system can be used for driving truck platforms and other application occasions, greatly improves the self-sufficient rate of energy, improves the economy of hydrogenation facilities, and expands the service market and application range of the hydrogenation facilities; the low-temperature liquid hydrogen is used as a main hydrogen storage mode, so that the hydrogen storage capacity is improved, filling modes of gas hydrogen fuel and liquid hydrogen fuel can be provided, and the application scenes of a filling system are increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen fuel filling, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device.
Background
Hydrogen is taken as a typical clean energy, is gradually favored by the scientific community, the industry and governments of all countries due to the characteristics of high calorific value and pollution-free combustion, is an ideal substitute of the traditional fossil energy, and is particularly suitable for the transportation field with the dominant position of the fossil energy. According to the prediction, the inventory of fuel cell automobiles in China will reach 3000 thousands by 2050. The hydrogen fueling infrastructure associated therewith will meet a tremendous market opportunity.
At present, the hydrogen fuel filling facilities for passenger vehicles in the market are mainly fixed type hydrogen filling stations and movable type hydrogen filling vehicles. The hydrogen fuel is mainly stored in the form of normal-temperature gas or low-temperature liquid, and is pressurized to the filling pressure (usually 45.0MPa or 90.0MPa) by a hydrogen compressor or a liquid hydrogen booster pump during filling, so that a large amount of electric energy is consumed in the process, and the energy consumption accounts for more than 70% of the operation energy consumption of the whole system. Particularly, for a mobile hydrogenation vehicle, the energy supply of the vehicle depends on a fuel engine, the power is limited, the high-power pressurization operation cannot be met for a long time, and gas emission exists, so that the economy, the carbon emission and the overall filling efficiency of the hydrogenation vehicle are severely limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides an efficient mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device.
The high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device comprises a liquid hydrogen storage and vaporization system and an intelligent filling flow control system; the liquid hydrogen storage and vaporization system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage unit, a hydrogen recovery module and a plurality of liquid hydrogen vaporization units; the intelligent filling flow control system comprises a central processing unit, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an automatic control valve, a safety relief valve and a check valve; the liquid hydrogen storage unit comprises a liquid hydrogen main tank, and explosion-proof wall enclosures are arranged around the liquid hydrogen main tank; the liquid hydrogen input port at one end of the liquid hydrogen input pipeline is connected with a liquid hydrogen source, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen input pipeline is connected with a liquid hydrogen main tank; the liquid hydrogen main tank is connected with one end of a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline is also connected with a liquid hydrogen transfer joint; the liquid hydrogen main tank is connected with one end of a liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline is connected with the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity; the liquid hydrogen main tank is connected with an inlet of a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline, an outlet of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline is divided into two paths, one path is connected back to the liquid hydrogen main tank, and the other path is connected with a plurality of safety relief valves; the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity is connected with a reset loop; the liquid hydrogen input pipeline and the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline are heat insulation pipelines; the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline is a non-heat insulation pipeline, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the liquid hydrogen main tank in a coil shape, and the liquid hydrogen is vaporized by heat exchange with air when flowing through to form gaseous hydrogen and then returns to the liquid hydrogen main tank, so that the pressure in the liquid hydrogen main tank is maintained and is used as power for external filling of the liquid hydrogen and conveying of the liquid hydrogen; the outlet of the liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline is respectively connected with the liquid hydrogen vaporization chambers in a multipath manner, and each liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber and the connecting pipeline of the liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline are respectively provided with an automatic control valve, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, wherein the automatic control valve is the automatic control valve at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; the outlets of the liquid hydrogen vaporization units are connected in parallel with a filling pipeline, and branches before the filling pipeline are provided with automatic control valves, safety relief valves and check valves, wherein the automatic control valves are the automatic control valves at the outlets of the liquid hydrogen vaporization units; the hydrogen vaporization chamber, the automatic control valve, the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the safety relief valve and the check valve form a group of liquid hydrogen vaporization units; the filling pipeline is connected with a filling gun, and a pressure sensor is arranged in the filling gun; the liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber is a non-heat-insulating low-temperature high-pressure container, and metal fins for increasing the heat exchange efficiency are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber; the number of the liquid hydrogen vaporization units is determined by the size of the gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device, and a large-scale system can fill more vehicles and is large in number; the small system can serve a few vehicles, and the vaporization units can be correspondingly reduced; the hydrogen fuel cell, the automatic control valve, the normal temperature hydrogen storage tank and the check valve are connected in sequence in the hydrogen recovery module, and the hydrogen fuel cell, the automatic control valve, the normal temperature hydrogen storage tank and the check valve are respectively connected to each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit.
Preferably, the main liquid hydrogen tank stores 20K liquid hydrogen from a hydrogen liquefaction plant or a liquid hydrogen tanker and low-temperature hydrogen generated by evaporating the liquid hydrogen through a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline, the pressure of the main liquid hydrogen tank is kept within 0.5-1.0 MPa, and the temperature of the main liquid hydrogen tank is kept below 21K; the volume of a main liquid hydrogen tank in the liquid hydrogen storage unit is less than or equal to 7m3。
Preferably, the liquid hydrogen input port is used for supplementing liquid hydrogen of the liquid hydrogen main tank, and the liquid hydrogen transfer joint is used for external liquid hydrogen filling and outputting.
Preferably, the volume of each liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity is less than or equal to 1m3(ii) a At least two liquid hydrogen vaporization chambers are arranged in the gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device, and the number of the liquid hydrogen vaporization chambers is adjusted according to the volume of the liquid hydrogen main tank and the volume of the liquid hydrogen vaporization chambers.
Preferably, the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit has a liquid replenishment state, a vaporization pressurization state, a charging state, and a reset state.
The working method of the high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device comprises the following steps:
step 1, replenishing liquid hydrogen by a gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device: the liquid hydrogen source is connected with the liquid hydrogen input port, the liquid hydrogen directly enters the liquid hydrogen main tank, the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor in the liquid hydrogen main tank synchronously detect the pressure and the temperature in the liquid hydrogen main tank, when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen main tank exceeds a set value due to excessive flash evaporation hydrogen, the central processing unit sends an instruction to open a safety relief valve connected with the outlet of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline for pressure relief, and other valves are all kept in a closed state; when the liquid hydrogen level in the liquid hydrogen main tank reaches a set value, the central processing unit sends out an alarm signal, and the liquid hydrogen replenishing operation is finished;
step 4, filling triggering;
step 4.1, when the filling gun is connected to the user storage tank, a pressure sensor in the filling gun detects the residual pressure P of the user storage tank0And applying the residual pressure P0Transmitting to a central processing unit; meanwhile, the central processing unit obtains the pressure value Px in each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit and calculates the corresponding pressure difference:
Pt＝(Px-P0)-Ps
in the above formula, P0The residual pressure in a fuel tank of a user is indicated, and Px is the pressure value in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; after a pressure difference array is formed, transmitting the pressure difference array to a central processing unit, wherein Ps is the set filling trigger pressure;
step 4.2, after the central processing unit obtains the pressure difference array, searching the minimum value Pt-min (Pt-min is required to be more than 0) in the pressure difference array; then sending out an instruction, selecting a liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity which is higher than the residual pressure of the user storage tank and has the minimum pressure difference with the user, opening an automatic control valve at the outlet of the corresponding liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, and triggering filling; the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is used for filling hydrogen into a user storage tank by a filling gun;
step 5, when the pressure difference between the pressure in each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit and the residual pressure of the user storage tank is not greater than the filling trigger value, closing the automatic control valve and the check valve at the outlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit corresponding to the branch where the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity is located; recalculating the minimum value Pt-min in the pressure difference array meeting the conditions by the central processing unit, opening an automatic control valve at the outlet of the corresponding liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, and switching filling;
and 9, when the residual pressure in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is reduced to be lower than the filling pressure, the central processing unit sends a closing instruction to stop power generation, and meanwhile, an automatic control valve at an inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is opened to replenish the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit.
Preferably, the set filling trigger pressure Ps in step 4.1 is set to 0.1MPa to 1.0MPa or higher according to the requirement of the filling speed on site.
Preferably, step 7 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 7.1, if the content of residual gas in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is too low when filling is finished and the condition of triggering the liquid replenishing state of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is reached, sending an instruction by the central processing unit to start the liquid replenishing flow of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit: the method comprises the following steps that firstly, liquid hydrogen is intermittently input into a liquid hydrogen vaporization unit at a small flow rate through a liquid hydrogen storage unit, the temperature of the liquid hydrogen is controlled to be a set temperature, and after the liquid hydrogen enters the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, the heat in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is absorbed and precooled for the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; opening an automatic control valve at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit with excessively low residual gas content, connecting the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit and the hydrogen fuel cell, and delivering hydrogen generated by precooling the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to the hydrogen fuel cell through a pipeline to consume the residual hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit;
7.2, precooling the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit for a plurality of times in the step 7.1, and when the temperature in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is reduced to a set value, sending an instruction by the central processing unit, and continuously injecting liquid hydrogen into the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit by the liquid hydrogen storage unit;
7.3, after the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit passes through the liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline from the liquid hydrogen storage unit to obtain enough liquid hydrogen, closing an automatic control valve at an inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, enabling the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to enter a vaporization pressurization state, enabling the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to obtain heat from air, and continuously heating and vaporizing;
and 7.4, stopping vaporization pressurization if the pressure in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit reaches the set pressure of the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity, enabling the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to enter a filling state, and filling hydrogen into the user storage tank by the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit through a filling gun.
Preferably, in step 7.1, when liquid hydrogen is intermittently fed from the liquid hydrogen storage unit into the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit at a small flow rate, the amount of liquid hydrogen is less than 5L per single charge.
Preferably, the set pressure of the liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber in the step 7.4 is 45-90 MPa, and can be freely set according to different filling scene requirements.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device provided by the invention has the advantages that through the special design of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, the liquid hydrogen absorbs the physical characteristic of volume expansion in the air heat energy vaporization process, so that the self-pressurization is completed in a limited space; the filling amount of the liquid hydrogen is controlled, so that the pressure after vaporization reaches 45MPa to 90MPa, and the filling requirement of the gaseous hydrogen is met; the pressurization operation in the filling process collects the residual pressure of a user storage tank and the pressure value in each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit of the system through a central processing unit, and the central processing unit, a pressure sensor, an automatic control valve and the like form an automatic filling control system and a filling logic for pressure graded utilization; when the filling system is reset, the hydrogen fuel cell stack is connected, so that residual hydrogen is fully utilized, the utilization efficiency of the hydrogen is improved, the dangerous discharge is reduced, the process completely depends on air heat energy, no extra electric energy is consumed, no extra carbon discharge is generated, and the energy consumption of the system can be obviously reduced;
the invention can also generate extra electric energy to be stored in the vehicle-mounted battery; the system can be used for driving truck platforms and other application occasions, greatly improves the self-sufficient rate of energy, improves the economy of hydrogenation facilities, and expands the service market and application range of the hydrogenation facilities; the low-temperature liquid hydrogen is used as a main hydrogen storage mode, so that the hydrogen storage capacity is improved, filling modes of gas hydrogen fuel and liquid hydrogen fuel can be provided, and the application scenes of a filling system are increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a liquid hydrogen vaporization unit;
FIG. 3 is a logic diagram for pressure step use priming;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the vehicle-mounted platform.
Description of reference numerals: the system comprises a main liquid hydrogen tank 1, a liquid hydrogen input pipeline 2, a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 3, a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 4, a liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline 5, a reset loop 6, an automatic control valve 7, a safety relief valve 8, a check valve 9, a pressure sensor 10, a temperature sensor 11, a liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity 12, a filling main pipeline 13, a filling gun 14, a hydrogen fuel cell 15, a metal fin 16, a normal-temperature hydrogen storage tank 17, an explosion-proof wall enclosure 18, a liquid hydrogen transfer joint 19, a liquid hydrogen input port 20, a vehicle head 21 and a filling facility main body 22.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are set forth merely to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several modifications can be made to the invention without departing from the principle of the invention, and these modifications and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Example one
An embodiment of the application provides a high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device as shown in fig. 1, which comprises a liquid hydrogen storage and vaporization system and a filling flow intelligent control system; the liquid hydrogen storage and vaporization system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage unit, a hydrogen recovery module and a plurality of liquid hydrogen vaporization units; the intelligent filling flow control system comprises a central processing unit, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an automatic control valve, a safety relief valve and a check valve;
the liquid hydrogen storage unit comprises a liquid hydrogen main tank 1, and explosion-proof wall enclosures 18 are arranged around the liquid hydrogen main tank 1; a liquid hydrogen input port 20 at one end of the liquid hydrogen input pipeline 2 is connected with a liquid hydrogen source, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen input pipeline 2 is connected with the liquid hydrogen main tank 1; the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 is connected with one end of a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 3, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 3 is also connected with a liquid hydrogen transfer joint 19; the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 is connected with one end of a liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline 5, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline 5 is connected with a liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity 12; the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 is connected with an inlet of a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 4, an outlet of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 4 is divided into two paths, one path is connected back to the liquid hydrogen main tank 1, and the other path is connected with a plurality of safety relief valves 8; the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity 12 is connected with the reset loop 6; the liquid hydrogen input pipeline 2 and the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 3 are heat insulation pipelines; the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 3 is a non-heat-insulation pipeline and is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 in a coil shape, the liquid hydrogen is vaporized by heat exchange with air when flowing through to form gaseous hydrogen, and then the gaseous hydrogen returns to the liquid hydrogen main tank, the pressure in the liquid hydrogen main tank is maintained, and the gaseous hydrogen is used as power for external filling of the liquid hydrogen and conveying of the liquid hydrogen;
as shown in fig. 2, the outlets of the liquid hydrogen conveying pipelines 5 are respectively connected with liquid hydrogen vaporization chambers 12 in a multi-path manner, each connecting pipeline between each liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber 12 and the liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline 5 is provided with an automatic control valve 7, a pressure sensor 10 and a temperature sensor 11, and the automatic control valve 7 is an automatic control valve at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; the outlets of the liquid hydrogen vaporization units are connected in parallel to a filling pipeline 13, a branch pipeline in front of the filling pipeline 13 is provided with an automatic control valve 7, a safety relief valve 8 and a check valve 9, and the automatic control valve 7 is the automatic control valve at the outlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; the hydrogen vaporization chamber 12, the automatic control valve 7, the pressure sensor 10, the temperature sensor 11, the safety relief valve 8 and the check valve 9 form a group of liquid hydrogen vaporization units; the filling pipeline 13 is connected to a filling gun 14, and a pressure sensor is arranged in the filling gun 14; the liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber 12 is a non-heat-insulating low-temperature high-pressure container, and metal fins 16 for increasing the heat exchange efficiency are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber 12; the number of the liquid hydrogen vaporization units is determined by the size of the gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device, as shown in fig. 4, a large-scale system can fill more vehicles, and the number is large; the small system can serve a few vehicles, and the vaporization units are few;
the hydrogen fuel cell 15, the automatic control valve 7, the normal temperature hydrogen storage tank 17 and the check valve 9 in the hydrogen recovery module are connected in sequence, and the hydrogen fuel cell 15, the automatic control valve 7, the normal temperature hydrogen storage tank 17 and the check valve 9 are respectively connected to each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit.
Example two
On the basis of the first embodiment, the second embodiment of the present application provides a working method of the high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fueling device in the first embodiment:
liquid hydrogen is supplemented to the gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device: the liquid hydrogen enters the main liquid hydrogen tank 1 directly through the liquid hydrogen inlet 20, the pressure sensor 10 and the temperature sensor 11 in the main liquid hydrogen tank 1 synchronously detect the pressure and the temperature in the main liquid hydrogen tank 1, when the pressure in the main liquid hydrogen tank 1 exceeds a set value due to excessive flash hydrogen, the central processing unit sends an instruction to open the safety relief valve 8 connected with the outlet of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 4 to relieve the pressure, and other valves all maintain a closed state; when the liquid hydrogen level in the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 reaches a set value, the central processing unit sends out an alarm signal, and the liquid hydrogen replenishing operation is finished;
as shown in fig. 3, the gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fueling device enters into preparation for fueling: the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 opens the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 4, the pressure in the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 is increased through liquid hydrogen vaporization, when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen main tank 1 reaches a set value (such as 1.0MPa), the liquid hydrogen vaporization is stopped, and the self-pressurization cycle is closed; the central processing unit starts to detect the pressure in each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, if the pressure in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit meets the conditions of filling and replenishing liquid, an automatic control valve 7 at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is opened, liquid hydrogen starts to be pressed into the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit from the main liquid hydrogen tank 1, and when the liquid level of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit reaches a set value, filling is stopped; (for example, if 5 liquid hydrogen vaporization units are provided, each pressure value is P1 ═ 0.1MPa, P2 ═ 0.1MPa, P3 ═ 30.0MPa, P4 ═ 10.0MPa, P5 ═ 0.2MPa, and the liquid filling pressure is set to 0.1MPa, then the P1 and P2 units satisfy the liquid filling condition, then the P1 and P2 filling valves are opened, and liquid hydrogen starts to be pressed into the P1 and P2 liquid hydrogen vaporization units from the main tank, and when the liquid hydrogen level in the P1 and P2 units reaches the set value, the filling is terminated);
the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit enters a reinforced heat exchange stage, the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit fully exchanges heat with air through the metal fins 16 on the liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber 12, liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber 12 absorbs heat to vaporize, the pressure is increased, and the filling preparation is completed until the set filling pressure is reached (for example, the filling preparation is completed when the pressure is 45.0MPa or 90.0MPa, in the embodiment, 45.0MPa, and the pressure is 45MPa after the liquid hydrogen in the P1 and P2 units is vaporized);
after entering the gas hydrogen filling stage, the user fuel storage tank is accessed through the filling gun 14. The filling gun 14 includes a pressure sensor for detecting the residual pressure in the user fuel tank (for example, detecting a residual pressure value of 0.5MPa in the user fuel tank), and the cpu collects pressure values in the liquid hydrogen vaporization units at the same time (for example, each unit pressure value P1 is 45.0MPa, P2 is 45.0MPa, P3 is 30.0MPa, P4 is 10.0MPa, and P5 is 0.2 MPa). At this time, the cpu analyzes that the units meeting the filling requirements are P1, P2, P3 and P4, and the pressure of P4 is the closest to the residual pressure value in the user fuel storage tank, so the cpu issues a command to open the filling valve of the P4 storage tank first to start filling.
When the pressure in the user fuel tank approaches the pressure of P4 and the pressure difference across the tank is less than the set point (e.g., the set point is 0.1MPa), the P4 fill valve closes, assuming that the user tank pressure increases from 0.1MPa to 8.0 MPa. At this time, the cpu analyzes the remaining pressure in the user tank again (at this time, the pressure in the user tank is 8.0MPa), and compares the pressure values in the liquid hydrogen vaporization units (for example, the pressure value in each unit is P1 ═ 45.0MPa, P2 ═ 45.0MPa, P3 ═ 30.0MPa, P4 ═ 8.1MPa, and P5 ═ 0.2 MPa). The units meeting the filling requirements at this time are P1, P2 and P3, where P3 is closest to the user tank pressure. The central processor then opens the P3 filling valve and begins a new filling sequence.
When the end user reservoir pressure reaches the system set point (e.g., 35.0MPa or 70.0MPa), the fill valve closes. The filling process is ended.
At this time, the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit P5 is too low (0.2MPa) but not as low as the liquid replenishing pressure (0.1MPa), and the analysis based on big data shows that the residual pressure of the user storage tank is usually not lower than 0.3MPa, so the filling service can not be provided, so the cpu opens the automatic control valve 7 communicating the P5 with the hydrogen fuel cell 15, and sends the residual hydrogen to the fuel cell stack for power generation. When the pressure of P5 is reduced to 0.1MPa, the automatic control valve 7 is closed, and P5 enters a liquid supplementing stage.
When the liquid supplementing stage is started, the liquid hydrogen storage unit injects a small amount of liquid hydrogen into the P5 intermittently, and monitors the temperature of the P5, so that the hydrogen generated by pre-cooling is conveyed into a hydrogen storage tank of the fuel cell module. After several rounds of precooling, when the temperature of P5 drops to the set temperature (60K in this example), liquid hydrogen starts to be continuously injected into P5, and liquid replenishment starts.
After entering the liquid hydrogen filling stage, the central processing unit starts the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 4, increases the system pressure to 1MPa, then opens the liquid hydrogen output valve, and starts the filling process. When the liquid level of the liquid hydrogen at the user end reaches a large set value, the central processing unit closes the liquid hydrogen input valve and the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 4, and the filling process is finished.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a high-efficient portable gas-liquid bimodulus hydrogen fueling device which characterized in that: the system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage and vaporization system and an intelligent filling process control system; the liquid hydrogen storage and vaporization system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage unit, a hydrogen recovery module and a plurality of liquid hydrogen vaporization units; the intelligent filling flow control system comprises a central processing unit, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an automatic control valve, a safety relief valve and a check valve;
the liquid hydrogen storage unit comprises a liquid hydrogen main tank (1), and explosion-proof wall enclosures (18) are arranged on the periphery of the liquid hydrogen main tank (1); a liquid hydrogen input port (20) at one end of the liquid hydrogen input pipeline (2) is connected with a liquid hydrogen source, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen input pipeline (2) is connected with the liquid hydrogen main tank (1); the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) is connected with one end of a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (3), and the other end of the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (3) is also connected with a liquid hydrogen transfer joint (19); the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) is connected with one end of a liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline (5), and the other end of the liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline (5) is connected with a liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12); the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) is connected with the inlet of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline (4), the outlet of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline (4) is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the liquid hydrogen main tank (1), and the other path is connected with a plurality of safety relief valves (8); the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12) is connected with a reset loop (6); the liquid hydrogen input pipeline (2) and the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (3) are heat insulation pipelines; the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (3) is a non-heat insulation pipeline, and the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline (4) is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) in a coil shape;
the outlet of the liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline (5) is divided into a plurality of paths and is respectively connected with the liquid hydrogen vaporization chambers (12), each liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber (12) and a connecting pipeline of the liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline (5) are respectively provided with an automatic control valve (7), a pressure sensor (10) and a temperature sensor (11), and the automatic control valve (7) is the automatic control valve at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; outlets of the liquid hydrogen vaporization units are connected into a filling pipeline (13) in parallel, branch pipelines in front of the filling pipeline (13) are respectively provided with an automatic control valve (7), a safety relief valve (8) and a check valve (9), and the automatic control valve (7) is the automatic control valve at the outlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; the liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber (12), the automatic control valve (7), the pressure sensor (10), the temperature sensor (11), the safety relief valve (8) and the check valve (9) form a group of liquid hydrogen vaporization units; the filling pipeline (13) is connected to a filling gun (14), and a pressure sensor is arranged in the filling gun (14); the liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber (12) is a non-heat-insulating low-temperature high-pressure container, and metal fins (16) are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber (12);
the hydrogen fuel cell (15), the automatic control valve (7), the normal temperature hydrogen storage tank (17) and the check valve (9) in the hydrogen recovery module are sequentially connected, and the hydrogen fuel cell (15), the automatic control valve (7), the normal temperature hydrogen storage tank (17) and the check valve (9) are respectively connected to each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit.
2. The high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fueling device of claim 1, wherein: the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) stores liquid hydrogen and low-temperature hydrogen generated by evaporating the liquid hydrogen through the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline (4), the pressure of the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) is kept within 0.5-1 MPa, and the temperature of the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) is kept below 21K; the volume of a main liquid hydrogen tank (1) in the liquid hydrogen storage unit is less than or equal to 7m3。
3. The high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fueling device of claim 1, wherein: the liquid hydrogen input port (20) is used for supplementing liquid hydrogen of the liquid hydrogen main tank (1), and the liquid hydrogen transfer joint (19) is used for external liquid hydrogen filling and outputting.
4. The high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fueling device of claim 1, wherein: the volume of each liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12) is less than or equal to 1m3(ii) a At least two liquid hydrogen vaporization cavities (12) are arranged in the gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device.
5. The high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fueling device of claim 1, wherein: the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit has a liquid supplementing state, a vaporization pressurization state, a filling state and a reset state.
6. An operating method of the high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fueling apparatus as set forth in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1, replenishing liquid hydrogen by a gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device: the liquid hydrogen source is connected with a liquid hydrogen source through a liquid hydrogen input port (20), liquid hydrogen directly enters a liquid hydrogen main tank (1), a pressure sensor (10) and a temperature sensor (11) in the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) synchronously detect the pressure and the temperature in the liquid hydrogen main tank (1), when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) exceeds a set value due to excessive flash evaporation hydrogen, a central processing unit sends an instruction to open a safety relief valve (8) connected with an outlet of a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline (4) for pressure relief, and other valves are all kept in a closed state; when the liquid hydrogen level in the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) reaches a set value, the central processing unit sends out an alarm signal, and the liquid hydrogen supplementing operation is finished;
step 2, the gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fuel filling device enters filling preparation: the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) opens a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline (4), the pressure in the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) is increased through liquid hydrogen vaporization, and when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen main tank (1) reaches a set value, the liquid hydrogen vaporization is stopped; the central processing unit starts to detect the pressure in each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, if the pressure in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit meets the conditions of filling and replenishing liquid, an automatic control valve (7) at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is opened, liquid hydrogen starts to be pressed into the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit from the liquid hydrogen main tank (1), and filling is stopped when the liquid level of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit reaches a set value;
step 3, the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit enters a reinforced heat exchange stage, the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit fully exchanges heat with air through metal fins (16) on the liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber (12), liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen vaporization chamber (12) absorbs heat to vaporize, the pressure is increased until the set filling pressure is reached, and filling preparation is completed;
step 4, filling triggering;
step 4.1, when the filling gun (14) is connected to the user storage tank, a pressure sensor in the filling gun (14) detects the residual pressure P of the user storage tank0And applying the residual pressure P0Transmitting to a central processing unit; meanwhile, the central processing unit obtains the pressure value Px in each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit and calculates the corresponding pressure difference:
Pt＝(Px–P0)-Ps
in the above formula, P0Refers to the residual pressure in the user's fuel tank, Px being in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unitA pressure value; after a pressure difference array is formed, transmitting the pressure difference array to a central processing unit, wherein Ps is the set filling trigger pressure;
step 4.2, after the central processing unit obtains the pressure difference array, searching the minimum value Pt-min in the pressure difference array, wherein the Pt-min is more than 0; then sending out an instruction, selecting a liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12) which is higher than the residual pressure of the user storage tank and has the minimum pressure difference with the user, opening an automatic control valve (7) at the outlet of the corresponding liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, and triggering filling; the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is used for filling hydrogen into a user storage tank by a filling gun (14);
step 5, when the pressure difference between the pressure in each liquid hydrogen vaporization unit and the residual pressure of the user storage tank is not greater than the filling trigger value, closing an automatic control valve (7) and a check valve (9) at the outlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit corresponding to the branch where the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12) is located; the central processing unit recalculates the minimum value Pt-min in the pressure difference array meeting the conditions, and opens the automatic control valve (7) at the outlet of the corresponding liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to carry out filling switching;
step 6, filling and closing: when the pressure of the user storage tank reaches a set value, the central processing unit closes the automatic control valve (7) at the outlet of the corresponding liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, and the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit stops filling hydrogen into the user storage tank;
step 7, judging whether the content of residual gas in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit meets the condition that the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit enters a liquid supplementing state when the hydrogen filling into the user storage tank is finished, and further judging whether to supplement liquid for the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit;
step 8, when filling is completed, if the residual pressure in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is smaller than a set value, resetting the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, sending an instruction by the central processing unit, opening an automatic control valve (7) at an inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, connecting the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit with a hydrogen fuel cell (15), using the residual hydrogen for producing vehicle power, consuming the residual hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, and further reducing the pressure of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit;
and 9, when the residual pressure in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is reduced to be lower than the filling pressure, the central processing unit sends a closing instruction to stop power generation, and meanwhile, an automatic control valve (7) at an inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is opened to replenish liquid of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit.
7. The working method of the high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fueling device as claimed in claim 6, wherein: and 4.1, setting the filling trigger pressure Ps to be 0.1-1 MPa according to the requirement of the field filling speed.
8. The working method of the high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fueling device as defined in claim 6, wherein step 7 specifically comprises the steps of:
step 7.1, if the content of residual gas in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is too low when filling is finished and the condition of triggering the liquid replenishing state of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is reached, sending an instruction by the central processing unit to start the liquid replenishing flow of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit: the method comprises the following steps that firstly, liquid hydrogen is intermittently input into a liquid hydrogen vaporization unit at a small flow rate through a liquid hydrogen storage unit, the temperature of the liquid hydrogen is controlled to be a set temperature, and after the liquid hydrogen enters the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, the heat in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is absorbed and precooled for the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit; opening an automatic control valve (7) of an inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit with excessively low content of residual gas, connecting the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit and a hydrogen fuel cell (15), delivering hydrogen generated by precooling of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to the hydrogen fuel cell (15) through a pipeline, and consuming the residual hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit;
7.2, precooling the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit for a plurality of times in the step 7.1, and when the temperature in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit is reduced to a set value, sending an instruction by the central processing unit, and continuously injecting liquid hydrogen into the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit by the liquid hydrogen storage unit;
7.3, after the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit obtains enough liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage unit through the liquid hydrogen conveying pipeline (5), closing an automatic control valve (7) at an inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit, enabling the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to enter a vaporization pressurization state, enabling the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to obtain heat from air, and continuously heating and vaporizing;
and 7.4, stopping vaporization pressurization if the pressure in the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit reaches the set pressure of the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12), enabling the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit to enter a filling state, and filling hydrogen into a user storage tank by the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit through a filling gun (14).
9. The working method of the high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fueling device as claimed in claim 8, wherein: and 7.1, intermittently inputting liquid hydrogen into the liquid hydrogen vaporization unit at a small flow rate from the liquid hydrogen storage unit, wherein the single-time liquid hydrogen filling amount is less than 5L.
10. The working method of the high-efficiency mobile gas-liquid dual-mode hydrogen fueling device as claimed in claim 8, wherein: in the step 7.4, the set pressure of the liquid hydrogen vaporization cavity (12) is 45MPa to 90 MPa.
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