CN109708000B - L-CH2 type hydrogen station heat management system - Google Patents
L-CH2 type hydrogen station heat management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109708000B CN109708000B CN201910135867.0A CN201910135867A CN109708000B CN 109708000 B CN109708000 B CN 109708000B CN 201910135867 A CN201910135867 A CN 201910135867A CN 109708000 B CN109708000 B CN 109708000B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an L-CH2 type hydrogen station heat management system. A liquid inlet of the first vaporizer is connected with a liquid outlet of a low-pressure liquid hydrogen storage tank of the hydrogenation station; a pipe pass of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected between the gas outlet of the first vaporizer and the gas inlet of the second vaporizer, and the gas outlet of the second vaporizer is connected to a first interface of the gas mixing device; the second interface of the gas mixing device is connected with a high-pressure hydrogen storage container connecting pipe of a hydrogen station, the third interface is connected with a hydrogen inlet of a hydrogen precooler, and a hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen precooler is connected to a high-pressure hydrogen feeding gun; the shell side of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected between the precooling liquid inlet and the precooling liquid outlet of the hydrogen precooler, and precooling liquid flowing out of the hydrogen precooler flows back into the hydrogen precooler for circulation after being cooled by low-temperature hydrogen in the intermediate heat exchanger. According to the invention, a cold energy recovery technology is not needed, and the cold energy carried by liquid hydrogen is utilized to carry out high-pressure hydrogen precooling, so that the precooling energy consumption in the high-pressure hydrogen filling process of the traditional L-CH2 type hydrogenation station is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of new energy, in particular to an L-CH2 type hydrogen station thermal management system.
Background
The hydrogen energy has the advantages of green, renewable, wide source and the like. Has important significance for solving the problems of the shortage of traditional fossil energy and the pollution of automobile exhaust. In recent years, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have attracted much attention from countries around the world due to their advantages of environmental friendliness, rapid refueling, high energy conversion efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells, and the like. At present, a fuel cell vehicle mostly adopts a high-pressure hydrogen storage technology with a pressure grade of 35MPa or 70MPa, and correspondingly, a hydrogen filling station for replenishing fuel for the fuel cell vehicle also mostly adopts a high-pressure hydrogen filling mode. The hydrogen source of the hydrogen station mainly comprises several modes of hydrogen production in the station, hydrogen supply by a long tube trailer, hydrogen supply by a liquid hydrogen tank car (L-CH2 type hydrogen station) and the like. The L-CH2 type hydrogenation station supplies hydrogen through the liquid hydrogen tank car, hydrogenates the fuel cell vehicle in the form of high-pressure hydrogen, has obvious cost advantage under the conditions that the distance between the hydrogenation station and a hydrogen production place is long and the hydrogenation amount is large, and can effectively solve the problem that the hydrogen source is inconsistent with the location of a user by supplying hydrogen to the hydrogenation station through the liquid hydrogen tank car.
When the hydrogen station injects high-pressure hydrogen into a fuel cell automobile, the compression effect and the throttling temperature rise effect of the hydrogen can generate obvious temperature rise in the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, and once the temperature of the hydrogen in the cylinder is higher than the upper limit of the safety temperature of 85 ℃ of the cylinder, the material of the cylinder can be possibly damaged, and serious safety problems are caused. For this reason, the high-pressure hydrogen filling standards established by the american automobile association require that the high-pressure hydrogen be pre-cooled during filling.
The conventional L-CH2 type hydrogenation station conveys low-pressure liquid hydrogen to a hydrogenation station through a liquid hydrogen tank car, the liquid hydrogen in the tank car is unloaded to a low-pressure liquid hydrogen storage tank in the hydrogenation station through an unloading hose, the liquid hydrogen stored in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is pressurized and vaporized by using a liquid hydrogen booster pump and a liquid hydrogen vaporizer, normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen after vaporization heating flows into a high-pressure hydrogen storage container in the hydrogenation station, and the high-pressure hydrogen is filled into a fuel cell automobile through a pressure regulating valve and a high-pressure hydrogen pre-cooler provided with a refrigeration system by using the pressure difference between the high-pressure hydrogen storage container in the station and a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder on the vehicle of the fuel cell automobile. Wherein, certain refrigeration energy consumption is required for precooling the high-pressure hydrogen. For the L-CH2 type hydrogenation station, although cold energy carried in liquid hydrogen can be used for generating power by adopting a cold energy recovery technology, and the generated electric energy is reused for providing energy for the high-pressure hydrogen precooling process, the cold energy recovery device needs to consume huge investment cost. Therefore, for the L-CH2 type hydrogen station, a thermal management system which can greatly reduce or even eliminate the energy consumption of high-pressure hydrogen precooling and has lower cost is still lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an L-CH2 type hydrogen station heat management system, which utilizes liquid hydrogen to carry cold energy to pre-cool high-pressure hydrogen on the premise of not adopting a cold energy recovery technology, so as to reduce or even save the energy consumption of the high-pressure hydrogen pre-cooling of the traditional L-CH2 type hydrogen station.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
an L-CH2 type hydrogen station thermal management system comprising: the system comprises a first vaporizer, an intermediate heat exchanger, a second vaporizer, a gas mixing device and a hydrogen precooler; a liquid inlet of the first vaporizer is connected with a liquid outlet of a low-pressure liquid hydrogen storage tank of the hydrogen filling station, and the first vaporizer is used for vaporizing and primarily superheating liquid hydrogen; a pipe pass of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected between the gas outlet of the first vaporizer and the gas inlet of the second vaporizer, and the gas outlet of the second vaporizer is connected to a first interface of a gas mixing device; the second interface of the gas mixing device is connected with a connecting pipe of a high-pressure hydrogen storage container of the hydrogen station; the third interface of the gas mixing device is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen precooler, the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen precooler is connected with the high-pressure hydrogen filling gun, and when a vehicle is filled with hydrogen, the hydrogen from the third interface of the gas mixing device is cooled by the hydrogen precooler and then is filled into the vehicle; and the shell side of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected between the precooling liquid inlet and the precooling liquid outlet of the hydrogen precooler, and precooling liquid flowing out of the hydrogen precooler flows back into the hydrogen precooler for circulation after being cooled by hydrogen in the intermediate heat exchanger.
Optionally, the method includes: and an inlet of the bypass pipeline is connected to a pipeline between the gas outlet of the first vaporizer and the hydrogen inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, an outlet of the bypass pipeline is connected to a pipeline between the hydrogen outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger and the gas inlet of the second vaporizer, and the bypass pipeline and a tube pass passage of the intermediate heat exchanger are connected in parallel.
Optionally, when no vehicle is filled with hydrogen, the bypass pipeline is communicated, and the tube pass passage of the intermediate heat exchanger is disconnected.
Optionally, the method further includes: a continuous reversing device connected to an upstream junction of the bypass line inlet and the hydrogen inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger; when a vehicle is filled with hydrogen, the continuous reversing device adjusts the hydrogen flow passing through the intermediate heat exchanger tube pass by adjusting the ratio of the flow coefficients of the intermediate heat exchanger tube pass passage and the bypass pipeline.
Optionally, the method further includes: and the throttling device is arranged on the bypass pipeline and is used for adjusting the hydrogen flow passing through the tube pass of the intermediate heat exchanger.
Optionally, the method further includes: and the circulating pump is connected to a precooling liquid circulating pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger and the hydrogen precooler and is used for realizing the circulation of precooling liquid between the hydrogen precooler and the intermediate heat exchanger.
Optionally, the circulation pump is a variable-frequency circulation pump, and the variable-frequency circulation pump adjusts the circulation flow rate of the pre-cooling liquid by adjusting the rotation speed, so as to adjust the hydrogen temperature at the outlet of the hydrogen pre-cooler.
Optionally, the method further includes: the system comprises a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a third temperature sensor and a flowmeter; the first temperature sensor is arranged on the gas outlet pipeline of the first vaporizer and used for measuring the hydrogen temperature of the gas outlet pipeline of the first vaporizer; the second temperature sensor is arranged at a precooling liquid inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger and is used for measuring the temperature of precooling liquid inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger; the third temperature sensor is arranged at a precooling liquid outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger and is used for detecting the temperature of precooling liquid effluent flowing out of the intermediate heat exchanger; the flow meter is arranged on a precooling liquid circulating pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger and the hydrogen precooler and used for detecting the precooling liquid circulating flow of the intermediate heat exchanger.
Optionally, the first vaporizer and the second vaporizer are both air-temperature vaporizers.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the heat exchanger of the invention uses the low-temperature hydrogen formed by vaporizing the liquid hydrogen in the first vaporizer to cool the high-pressure hydrogen precooling liquid, and can use the cold energy carried by the low-temperature hydrogen to realize the precooling of the high-pressure hydrogen on the premise of not needing a complex cold energy recovery device, thereby not needing to equip a refrigeration system for the precooler, saving the energy consumption for precooling the high-pressure hydrogen, and effectively improving the energy efficiency of the L-CH2 type hydrogen filling station. The invention is simple and easy to implement and has low cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an example 1 of a thermal management system of a hydrogenation station of the type L-CH2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of embodiment 2 of the thermal management system of a hydrotreater of the type L-CH2 according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example 3 of the thermal management system of a hydrotreater model L-CH2 according to the invention.
The reference numbers in fig. 1 are: 101 a first vaporizer; 102 an intermediate heat exchanger; 103 a second vaporizer; 104 a hydrogen precooler; 105 low-pressure liquid hydrogen storage tank; 106 high-pressure hydrogen storage containers and 107 high-pressure hydrogen gas filling guns; 108 a bypass line; 109 gas mixing means;
the reference numbers in fig. 2 and 3 are: 1, a low-pressure liquid hydrogen storage tank; 2, a liquid outlet pipeline of the liquid hydrogen storage tank; 3 liquid inlet hose of liquid hydrogen booster pump; 4 liquid hydrogen booster pump liquid inlet; 5 liquid hydrogen booster pump; 6 liquid hydrogen booster pump return air port; 7 liquid hydrogen booster pump return air hose; 8 liquid hydrogen storage tank return gas pipeline; 9 liquid hydrogen booster pump liquid outlet pipeline; 10 liquid hydrogen booster pump goes out liquid check valve; 11 a first-stage liquid feeding pipeline of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer; 12 a liquid hydrogen vaporizer first stage; 13 a first-stage gas outlet pipeline of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer; 14 a continuously adjustable automatic reversing valve; 15 liquid hydrogen vaporizer interstage heat exchanger hydrogen inflow pipeline; 16 liquid hydrogen vaporizer interstage heat exchanger; 17 liquid hydrogen vaporizer interstage heat exchanger hydrogen outflow line; a bypass line for the interstage heat exchanger of the 18 liquid hydrogen vaporizer; 19 a second-stage air inlet pipeline of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer; 20 liquid hydrogen vaporizer second stage; a second-stage gas outlet pipeline of the 21 liquid hydrogen vaporizer; 22 air supply automatic reversing valve; 23a, 23b and 23c are all gas mixing device inlet pipelines; 24a, 24b and 24c are all hydrogenation station high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel connecting pipes; 25a, 25b and 25c are all hydrogen station high pressure hydrogen storage vessels; 26a, 26b and 26c are all gas outlet pipelines of the gas mixing device; 27 gas taking automatic reversing valve; 28, a high-pressure hydrogen storage container gas taking header pipe of a hydrogen station; 29 automatic stop valve; 30 connecting pipe between automatic stop valve and pressure regulating valve; 31 an automatic pressure regulating valve; 32 high pressure hydrogen precooler hydrogen inlet; 33 a high pressure hydrogen pre-cooler; 34 high-pressure hydrogen precooler hydrogen outlet; 35 filling pipeline check valve; 36 filling hose interface; 37 high-pressure hydrogen filling hose; 38 high pressure hydrogen gas gun; 39 a pre-cooling liquid outlet pipeline of the interstage heat exchanger of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer; a precooling liquid outlet one-way valve of the 40 liquid hydrogen vaporizer interstage heat exchanger; 41 a pre-cooling liquid circulating pipeline; a liquid inlet pipeline of a 42 precooling liquid circulating pump; 43 precooling liquid circulating pump; 44 liquid outlet pipeline of precooling liquid circulating pump; 45 precooling liquid is circulated and used the automatic stop valve; 46, a precooling liquid inlet pipeline of the high-pressure hydrogen precooler; a 47 high-pressure hydrogen precooler liquid outlet pipeline; a precooling liquid inlet one-way valve of the 48 liquid hydrogen vaporizer interstage heat exchanger; a precooling liquid inlet pipeline of the interstage heat exchanger of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer; 50 precooling liquid filling pipelines; 51 a manual shutoff valve; 52 precooling liquid filling interface; 53a, 53b and 53c are all high pressure hydrogen mixing devices; 54a, 54b and 54c are all hydrogen temperature sensors; a 55 hydrogen pressure sensor; 56 a hydrogen gas flow meter; 57a and 57b are both pre-chilled liquid temperature sensors; 58 precooling liquid flow meter; 59 automatic adjustable throttle.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
At present, the L-CH2 type hydrogen station cannot utilize cold energy carried by liquid hydrogen to pre-cool during high-pressure hydrogen filling by a simple and effective method, so that extra compression refrigeration energy consumption is consumed, and energy waste is caused. The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a simple and feasible L-CH2 type hydrogenation station heat management system with low precooling energy consumption, which utilizes liquid hydrogen carrying cold energy to precool high-pressure hydrogen on the premise of not adopting a cold energy recovery technology, aiming at the problem of precooling energy consumption of an L-CH2 type hydrogenation station.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 1 of the thermal management system of the L-CH2 type hydrogen refueling station. As shown in fig. 1, the L-CH2 type hydrogen station thermal management system includes the following structure: a first vaporizer 101, a heat exchanger 102, a second vaporizer 103, a hydrogen pre-cooler 104, and a gas mixing device 109. The liquid inlet of the first vaporizer 101 is connected with the liquid outlet of the low-pressure liquid hydrogen storage tank 105 of the hydrogen filling station, and the first vaporizer 101 is used for vaporizing liquid hydrogen and primarily heating the vaporized low-temperature hydrogen. The tube pass of the heat exchanger 102 is connected between the gas outlet of the first vaporizer 101 and the gas inlet of the second vaporizer 103, and the gas outlet of the second vaporizer 103 is connected to the first interface (gas inlet) of the gas mixing device 109 at the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 106 of the hydrogen filling station; the second interface of the gas mixing device 109 is connected with the adapter of the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 106, the third interface (gas outlet) of the gas mixing device 109 is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen pre-cooler 104, the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen pre-cooler 104 is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen filling gun 107, when the vehicle is filled with hydrogen, the hydrogen from the gas outlet of the gas mixing device 109 is cooled by the hydrogen pre-cooler 104 and then is filled into the vehicle; the shell side of the intermediate heat exchanger 102 is connected between the precooling liquid inlet and the precooling liquid outlet of the hydrogen precooler 104, and precooling liquid flowing out of the hydrogen precooler 104 flows into the hydrogen precooler 104 for circulation after being cooled by low-temperature hydrogen in the tube side of the intermediate heat exchanger 102.
Introducing the low-temperature hydrogen flowing out of the first vaporizer 101 into the tube side of the intermediate heat exchanger 102, allowing the high-pressure hydrogen pre-cooling liquid of the hydrogen pre-cooler 104 to flow into the shell side of the intermediate heat exchanger 102, and cooling the high-pressure hydrogen pre-cooling liquid by using the intermediate heat exchanger 102; and introducing the cooled precooling liquid into a high-pressure hydrogen precooler 104 to precool the filled high-pressure hydrogen. The intermediate heat exchanger 102 cools the high-pressure hydrogen precooling liquid by using the low-temperature hydrogen formed after the liquid hydrogen is vaporized in the first vaporizer 101, and can realize precooling of the high-pressure hydrogen by using the cold energy carried by the low-temperature hydrogen on the premise of no need of a complex cold energy recovery device, so that a refrigeration system does not need to be equipped for the precooler, the energy consumption for precooling the high-pressure hydrogen is saved, and the energy efficiency of the L-CH2 type hydrogen filling station is effectively improved.
The heat transfer area of the first vaporizer 101 is designed according to the condition that the temperature of the hydrogen at the outlet of the first vaporizer is properly lower than the precooling temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen, and the heat transfer area of the second vaporizer 103 is designed according to the condition that the temperature of the hydrogen at the outlet of the second vaporizer 103 is close to the ambient temperature when the intermediate heat exchanger 102 is not arranged between the first vaporizer 101 and the second vaporizer 103. Thus, when no vehicle is filled, that is, the high-pressure hydrogen gas is not required to be pre-cooled, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 106 in the hydrogen filling station is required to be filled with the high-pressure hydrogen gas (make-up), the first vaporizer 101 and the second vaporizer 103 can heat the liquid hydrogen to the hydrogen gas at the ambient temperature to make up the gas for the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 106 in the hydrogen filling station.
Preferably, the thermal management system for the L-CH2 type hydrogen refueling station further comprises: a bypass pipeline 108, an inlet of the bypass pipeline 108 is connected to a pipeline between the outlet of the first vaporizer 101 and the hydrogen inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 102, an outlet of the bypass pipeline 108 is connected to a pipeline between the hydrogen outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 102 and the inlet of the second vaporizer 103, and the bypass pipeline 108 and the tube pass passage of the intermediate heat exchanger 102 are connected in parallel. When a vehicle is filled with fuel, namely high-pressure hydrogen pre-cooling is required, the bypass pipeline 108 is disconnected, a pipe pass passage of the intermediate heat exchanger 102 is communicated, and the high-pressure hydrogen pre-cooling liquid is cooled to a required temperature (for example, 50 ℃ below zero to 35 ℃ below zero) through the intermediate heat exchanger 102 and is used for pre-cooling during high-pressure hydrogen filling. When no vehicle is filled, the tube pass passage of the intermediate heat exchanger 102 is disconnected, and the bypass pipeline 108 is communicated, so that the first vaporizer 101 and the second vaporizer 103 are directly connected, and the high-pressure hydrogen pre-cooling liquid is not cooled any more.
Preferably, the thermal management system for the L-CH2 type hydrogen refueling station further comprises: and the continuous reversing device is connected to the upstream connection part of the inlet of the bypass pipeline 108 and the hydrogen inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 102, and adjusts the hydrogen flow passing through the tube pass of the intermediate heat exchanger by continuously reversing and adjusting the flow coefficient ratio of the bypass pipeline 108 to the tube pass passage of the intermediate heat exchanger 102, so that the automatic continuous adjustment of the hydrogen flow of the intermediate heat exchanger 102 is realized, the changes of the ambient temperature and the pre-cooling load can be effectively responded, and the outlet temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen pre-cooling liquid is effectively controlled.
Or, the L-CH2 type hydrogen plant thermal management system may further adopt a throttling device with a flow coefficient capable of being automatically and continuously adjusted to replace the continuous reversing device, where the throttling device is disposed on the bypass pipeline 108 and is used to continuously adjust the ratio of the flow coefficients of the bypass pipeline 108 and the tube pass passage of the intermediate heat exchanger 102, so as to achieve automatic and continuous adjustment of the hydrogen flow rate of the intermediate heat exchanger 102, and achieve the same effect as the continuous reversing device.
Preferably, the thermal management system for the L-CH2 type hydrogen refueling station further comprises: and the circulating pump is connected between the shell side of the intermediate heat exchanger 102 and the precooling liquid channel of the hydrogen precooler 104, and is used for completing the circulation of precooling liquid between the hydrogen precooler 104 and the intermediate heat exchanger 102. The circulation pump is preferably of variable frequency type. When the equivalent precooling load and the environmental temperature change, the circulating flow of the precooling liquid is changed by adjusting the rotating speed of the precooling liquid circulating pump, the change of the precooling load and the environmental temperature can be quickly and effectively adapted, the temperature of hydrogen at the outlet of the precooler is controlled within a required range, and meanwhile, the energy waste of the precooling liquid circulating pump caused by the fact that the circulating quantity of the precooling liquid is greater than an actually required value can be avoided. The actual working frequency of the precooling liquid circulating pump is adjusted according to the filled high-pressure hydrogen flow and the temperature of the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the precooler.
Preferably, the thermal management system for the L-CH2 type hydrogen refueling station further comprises: the system comprises a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a third temperature sensor and a flowmeter; the first temperature sensor is arranged on the gas outlet pipeline of the first vaporizer and used for measuring the temperature of the hydrogen on the gas outlet pipeline of the first vaporizer 101; the second temperature sensor is arranged at a precooling liquid inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 102 and is used for measuring the temperature of precooling liquid flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 102; the third temperature sensor is arranged at a pre-cooling liquid outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 102 and is used for detecting the temperature of pre-cooling liquid flowing out of the intermediate heat exchanger 102; the flow meter is disposed on the pre-cooling liquid circulation line between the intermediate heat exchanger 102 and the hydrogen pre-cooler 104, and is configured to detect a pre-cooling liquid circulation flow rate of the intermediate heat exchanger 102. And judging the hydrogen flow required by the tube pass of the intermediate heat exchanger 102 according to the current flow of the pre-cooling liquid, the temperature of the inlet and outlet liquid of the pre-cooling liquid of the intermediate heat exchanger 102 and the temperature of the hydrogen of the outlet pipeline of the first vaporizer, adjusting the action of the continuous reversing device according to the hydrogen flow, and controlling the outlet liquid temperature of the pre-cooling liquid to be a set value.
In this embodiment, the first vaporizer 101 and the second vaporizer 103 form a two-stage hydrogen vaporizer, the first vaporizer 101 is configured to vaporize and preliminarily superheat liquid hydrogen, the second vaporizer 103 is configured to heat the low-temperature hydrogen preliminarily superheated by the first vaporizer 101 to a temperature close to an ambient temperature, and both the first vaporizer 101 and the second vaporizer 103 may be air-temperature vaporizers, so that energy consumption in the process of vaporizing and heating liquid hydrogen is avoided.
Example 2:
fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an embodiment 2 of an L-CH2 type hydrogen refueling station thermal management system according to the present invention, the L-CH2 type hydrogen refueling station thermal management system of the present embodiment is based on a continuous reversing valve, and as shown in fig. 2, a control system, a liquid hydrogen tank car, and a pipeline for discharging liquid from a liquid hydrogen tank car to a low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage tank in a hydrogen refueling station are omitted in fig. 2. Liquid hydrogen from a low-pressure liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 sequentially enters a liquid hydrogen booster pump 5 through a liquid hydrogen storage tank liquid outlet pipeline 2, a liquid hydrogen booster pump liquid inlet hose 3 and a liquid hydrogen booster pump liquid inlet 4 to be boosted, the boosted high-pressure liquid hydrogen is pumped out of a liquid pipeline 9 (a liquid hydrogen booster pump liquid outlet one-way valve 10 is arranged on the pipeline 9) through the liquid hydrogen booster pump, a liquid hydrogen vaporizer first-stage liquid inlet pipeline 11 is sent to a liquid hydrogen vaporizer first-stage 12 (which is equivalent to the first liquid hydrogen vaporizer in the embodiment 1), vaporization and heating are carried out in the liquid hydrogen vaporizer first-stage 12 to a certain degree, and the formed low-temperature hydrogen is sent to a liquid hydrogen vaporizer first-stage gas outlet pipeline 13.
When no vehicle is filled, namely no precooling is required, the continuously adjustable automatic reversing valve 14 is controlled to enable the hydrogen inflow pipeline of the interstage heat exchanger of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer to be in a disconnected state, and the bypass pipeline 18 of the interstage heat exchanger of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer to be in a completely connected state. At this time, the low-temperature hydrogen gas from the first stage 12 of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer directly enters the second stage 20 of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (corresponding to the second liquid hydrogen vaporizer in example 1) through the first stage outlet pipeline 13 of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer, the interstage heat exchanger bypass pipeline 18 of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer, and the second stage inlet pipeline 19 of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer, and the low-temperature hydrogen gas is further heated to near room temperature in the second stage 20 of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer. The heated normal temperature hydrogen passes through a second-stage gas outlet pipeline 21 of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer, one branch of gas inlet pipelines 23a, 23b and 23c of the gas mixing device is in a connected state and the other two branches are in a disconnected state by controlling an automatic gas supplementing reversing valve 22 according to the gas supplementing priority of high-pressure hydrogen storage containers 25a, 25b and 25c of the hydrogenation station, and finally, gas is supplemented for one or a group of high-pressure hydrogen storage containers 25a, 25b and 25c of the hydrogenation station through high-pressure hydrogen storage container connecting pipes 24a, 24b and 24c of the hydrogenation station. The heat transfer area of the first stage 12 of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer is designed according to the condition that the temperature of the hydrogen at the outlet is properly lower than the precooling temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen, and the heat transfer area of the second stage 20 of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer is designed according to the condition that the temperature of the hydrogen at the outlet is close to the ambient temperature. Therefore, the system can still convert liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas at ambient temperature without a pre-cooling load.
When there is a vehicle fill, i.e. there is a pre-cooling demand, the control system (not shown) calculates the current pre-cooling load according to the following formula based on the received signals from the hydrogen temperature sensors 54b, 54c (hydrogen temperature in and out of the pre-cooler) and the signal from the hydrogen flow meter 56 (hydrogen flow rate in the fill line):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for pre-cooling the load per unit time,
for the high pressure hydrogen mass flow, C, measured by the hydrogen flow meter 56pIs hydrogen constant pressure specific heat capacity, Tin、ToutAre the precooler inlet and outlet hydrogen temperatures measured by the hydrogen temperature sensors 54b and 54c, respectively.
The control system adjusts the rotation speed (flow rate) of the pre-cooling liquid circulation pump 43 based on the pre-cooling load calculated by the formula (1) to control the temperature of the temperature sensor 54c within a set range. Meanwhile, the control system adjusts the flow rate of the low-temperature hydrogen flowing through the pipeline 15 of the interstage heat exchanger of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer by controlling the state of the continuously adjustable automatic reversing valve 14 (the relative opening degree between the pipeline 15 of the interstage heat exchanger of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer and the bypass pipeline 18 thereof) according to the received signals of the precooled liquid temperature sensors 57a and 57b (the precooled liquid inlet and outlet temperature of the interstage heat exchanger of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer) and the signal of the precooled liquid flow meter 58 (the precooled liquid circulation flow rate) and in combination with the signal of the hydrogen temperature sensor 54a (the first-stage hydrogen outlet temperature of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer), so that the temperature value measured by the precooled liquid temperature sensor 57b is controlled within the set range.
The pre-cooling liquid filling pipeline 50, the manual stop valve 51 and the pre-cooling liquid filling interface 52 are used for filling the pre-cooling liquid circulation pipeline with pre-cooling liquid. When the hydrogenation station is in a non-operation state, the pre-cooling liquid can be supplemented to the pre-cooling liquid circulation pipeline by opening the manual stop valve 51.
Example 3
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example 3 of the thermal management system of a hydrotreater model L-CH2 according to the invention. The L-CH2 model hydrogen station heat management system of the present embodiment is based on bypass pipeline throttling, and as shown in fig. 3, the control system, the liquid hydrogen tank car, and the pipeline of the liquid hydrogen tank car for discharging liquid to the low-temperature liquid hydrogen tank in the hydrogen station are also omitted in fig. 3. The difference between this example and example 2 is that an automatically adjustable throttling device 59 is adopted to replace the continuously adjustable automatic reversing valve 14, and the flow resistance of the bypass pipeline 18 relative to the pipeline 15 is controlled by adjusting the automatically adjustable throttling device 59, so that the flow rate of the low-temperature hydrogen in the interstage heat exchanger of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer is controlled, and the purpose of controlling the outlet temperature of the precooling liquid of the heat exchanger is achieved.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An L-CH2 type hydrogen station thermal management system, comprising: the system comprises a first vaporizer, an intermediate heat exchanger, a second vaporizer, a gas mixing device and a hydrogen precooler; a liquid inlet of the first vaporizer is connected with a liquid outlet of a low-pressure liquid hydrogen storage tank of the hydrogen filling station, and the first vaporizer is used for vaporizing and primarily superheating liquid hydrogen; a pipe pass of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected between the gas outlet of the first vaporizer and the gas inlet of the second vaporizer, and the gas outlet of the second vaporizer is connected to a first interface of a gas mixing device; the second interface of the gas mixing device is connected with a connecting pipe of a high-pressure hydrogen storage container of the hydrogen station; the third interface of the gas mixing device is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen precooler, the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen precooler is connected with the high-pressure hydrogen filling gun, and when a vehicle is filled with hydrogen, the hydrogen from the third interface of the gas mixing device is cooled by the hydrogen precooler and then is filled into the vehicle; the shell side of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected between a precooling liquid inlet and a precooling liquid outlet of the hydrogen precooler, and precooling liquid flowing out of the hydrogen precooler flows back into the hydrogen precooler for circulation after being cooled by hydrogen in the intermediate heat exchanger;
further comprising: the inlet of the bypass pipeline is connected to a pipeline between the gas outlet of the first vaporizer and the hydrogen inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, the outlet of the bypass pipeline is connected to a pipeline between the hydrogen outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger and the gas inlet of the second vaporizer, and the bypass pipeline and the tube pass passage of the intermediate heat exchanger are connected in parallel;
further comprising: a continuous reversing device or a throttling device with adjustable flow coefficient; the continuous reversing device is connected to the upstream connection position of the bypass pipeline inlet and the hydrogen inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger; when a vehicle is filled with hydrogen, the continuous reversing device adjusts the hydrogen flow passing through the intermediate heat exchanger tube pass by adjusting the ratio of the flow coefficients of the intermediate heat exchanger tube pass passage and the bypass pipeline; the throttling device is arranged on the bypass pipeline and used for adjusting the hydrogen flow passing through the tube pass of the intermediate heat exchanger.
2. The model L-CH2 hydrotreater thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein when no vehicle is being filled with hydrogen, the bypass line is on and the pass-through of the intermediate heat exchanger is off.
3. The model L-CH2 hydrotreater thermal management system according to claim 1, further comprising: and the circulating pump is connected to a precooling liquid circulating pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger and the hydrogen precooler and is used for realizing the circulation of precooling liquid between the hydrogen precooler and the intermediate heat exchanger.
4. The L-CH2 type hydrogen refueling station thermal management system according to claim 3, wherein the circulating pump is a variable frequency type circulating pump, and the variable frequency type circulating pump adjusts the circulating flow rate of the pre-cooling liquid by adjusting the rotating speed so as to adjust the hydrogen temperature at the outlet of the hydrogen pre-cooler.
5. The model L-CH2 hydrotreater thermal management system according to claim 4, further comprising: the system comprises a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a third temperature sensor and a flowmeter; the first temperature sensor is arranged on the gas outlet pipeline of the first vaporizer and used for measuring the hydrogen temperature of the gas outlet pipeline of the first vaporizer; the second temperature sensor is arranged at a precooling liquid inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger and is used for measuring the temperature of precooling liquid inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger; the third temperature sensor is arranged at a precooling liquid outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger and is used for detecting the temperature of precooling liquid effluent flowing out of the intermediate heat exchanger; the flow meter is arranged on a precooling liquid circulating pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger and the hydrogen precooler and used for detecting the precooling liquid circulating flow of the intermediate heat exchanger.
6. The model L-CH2 hydrotreater thermal management system according to claim 5, wherein the first vaporizer and the second vaporizer are both air-temperature vaporizers.
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| CN110375194B (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2023-12-22 | 北京国家新能源汽车技术创新中心有限公司 | Liquid hydrogen hydrogenation station thermal management system |
| CN112128611B (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2024-06-04 | 河南豫氢装备有限公司 | Compressed hydrogen dispenser for automobile |
| CN113074315B (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2022-04-19 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Heat management system and heat management control method of hydrogen station |
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| CN114087845B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-07-15 | 北京大臻科技有限公司 | Liquid hydrogen production device, system and method based on parahydrogen circulation |
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| CN114688445B (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2023-10-27 | 液空厚普氢能源装备有限公司 | Hydrogen liquid hydrogen hydrogenation station |
| CN114992507B (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2024-01-05 | 浙江浙能航天氢能技术有限公司 | Liquid hydrogen hydrogenation station without precooler and hydrogenation system thereof |
| CN114893720B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2024-04-19 | 正星氢电科技郑州有限公司 | Hydrogenation pre-cooling system and method for hydrogenation station |
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