CN207235329U - Airborne open type spray cooling system with ammonia as cooling medium - Google Patents
Airborne open type spray cooling system with ammonia as cooling medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN207235329U CN207235329U CN201721127279.5U CN201721127279U CN207235329U CN 207235329 U CN207235329 U CN 207235329U CN 201721127279 U CN201721127279 U CN 201721127279U CN 207235329 U CN207235329 U CN 207235329U
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
An airborne open type spray cooling system using ammonia as a cooling medium belongs to the field of cooling of airborne high heat flux equipment. The utility model discloses mainly in order to solve the high heat flux density on airborne electronic equipment and laser instrument surface and continuously dispel the heat the problem. The method mainly comprises the following steps: the device comprises a liquid ammonia high-pressure storage tank (1), a flow regulating valve (2), a first stop valve (3), a flowmeter (4), a nozzle (5), a surface to be cooled (6), a spray chamber (7), a cold recovery heat exchanger (8), an oil tank (9), a second stop valve (10), a third stop valve (11), an ammonia recovery tank (12), a fourth stop valve (13), an engine air-entraining port (14), a pump (15), a catalyst (16) and an external environment port (17). The utility model discloses use the liquid ammonia that latent heat of vaporization is big to carry out spray cooling as cooling medium to high temperature electronic equipment or laser instrument surface to introduce the ammonia reaction after engine exhaust and the heat transfer, open system operation safety and stability, be convenient for adjust the operation, satisfy the cooling demand under the machine carries the complex environment.
Description
Technical field
A kind of airborne open type spray cooling system using ammonia as cooling medium is the utility model is related to, belongs to airborne high hot-fluid
Density equipment cooling field.
Background technology
With the continuous improvement that aircraft mobility, Stealth Fighter, defending performance require, high power laser light technology, electricity
Sub- component is highly integrated to be developed rapidly with technologies such as micromations.2013, U.S. national defense advanced research projects agency authorized
Lockheed Martin Corporation installs a prototype laser weapons of system to verification machine.In September, 2015, United States Air Force is announced will
Laser weapon is installed additional on AC-130 gunships.Such weapon will produce the heat of MW class after transmitting in several seconds, lead
Its surface great thermal force of generation and high heat flow density, its heat flow density order of magnitude is caused to can reach thousands of W/cm2.This
Outside, the heat flow density of New Generation Military electronic equipment is up to 107W/cm2, the processor heat output of most significant end is more than 250W/
cm2.If not adopting an effective measure reduces electronic equipment surface temperature, its work efficiency is gently substantially reduced, it is heavy then burn electricity
Sub- device, influences flight safety.Therefore, how efficiently and safely to solve the problems, such as the quick heat radiating of airborne equipment has important grind
Study carefully meaning.Conventional air-cooled and water-cooling pattern exchange capability of heat has reached capacity, and can not meet increasing electronic equipment and swash
The radiating requirements of light device.
Misting cooling is that cooling medium is decomposed into countless discrete type droplets by atomization, is sprayed in heating surface
A kind of novel cooling manner of heat is taken away by single-phase heat exchange and two-phase heat exchange, the advantage is that：Less surface temperature difference；Not yet
There is boiling hysteresis quality；Good heat exchange property；Uniform cooling wall temperature can be achieved；Working medium demand is small.Misting cooling skill
Art has very strong application prospect in airborne equipment cooling field.Application of the spray cooling in airborne field, it is necessary first to
Solve the problems, such as that the cooling sustainable use of medium takes with system space.
Existing partial monopoly proposes application process of the misting cooling in airborne field, such as patent ZL201510072716.7
A kind of cooling system of the airborne heater element based on air swell refrigeration is proposed, is mainly characterized by using turbine as refrigeration
Device and power source, must can carry out misting cooling first by turbine cold-storage when the program comes into operation, cool-storage time is grown,
It can not come into operation at any time；The complicated and device space is big, difficult to install on military aircraft.Patent
ZL201510074027.X proposes a kind of cooling system and method for the airborne heater element based on sweat cooling, main feature
Indirect low-temperature receiver is provided for system to be circulated using sweat cooling, volume and energy consumption are very big after addition sweat cooling circulation, and
The invention does not circulate to sweat cooling and is equipped with low-temperature receiver, if input actual use volume meeting bigger, can not be applicable in onboard spatial
It is required that.
If in addition, using closed cycle spray cooling system aboard, the change of refrigerant flow can bleed spraying
The change of the series of parameters such as pressure, drop degree of supercooling, can not accurately be adjusted according to true heat gain value；Opened if being equipped with aboard
Formula circulates spray cooling system, then without kind of refrigeration cycle, occupies little space, mist flow can be adjusted directly without influencing other ginsengs
Number.
The cooling medium consumption of misting cooling can be calculated by formula (1)
In formula, Q is surface heat amount, kW；M is refrigerant mass fluxes, kg/s；cpFor refrigerant specific heat at constant pressure, kJ/
(kg·k)；hfgFor the refrigerant latent heat of vaporization, kJ/kg；η is misting cooling efficiency；twFor heat sink surface temperature, DEG C；tinFor nozzle
Saturated refrigerant temperature afterwards, DEG C, t for spraying the duration, s.
Relative to other cooling media, the latent heat of vaporization of liquefied ammonia is larger, and dosage is smaller under similar face heating amount.Such as
Heating power 10kW, when heating time 1 is small, for surface temperature control at 80 DEG C, liquefied ammonia dosage is only 27.57kg, if at this time
Using R134a, then dosage is 106.4kg., can be big if therefore can be using ammonia as cooling media applications in airborne spray cooling system
It is big to improve system economy and continuation.The utility model uses open system, and uses the nitrogen oxides in engine exhaust
Reacted with the ammonia after heat exchange, be expelled directly out out of my cabin, alleviating system heavy burden after eliminating the toxicity of ammonia.
The content of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of airborne open type spray cooling system using ammonia as cooling medium.
The system is mainly by liquefied ammonia high pressure storage tank (1), flow control valve (2), the first shut-off valve (3), flowmeter (4), spray
Mouth (5), surface to be cooled (6), spray chamber (7), cold recovery exchanger (8), fuel tank (9), the second shut-off valve (10), the 3rd section
Only valve (11), Ammonia recovery tank (12), the 4th shut-off valve (13), engine bleed port (14), pump (15), catalyst converter (16),
External environment port (17) forms.
Second shut-off valve (10) has an entrance and two outlets, and first outlet exports for ammonia storage, second outlet
Exported for ammonia processing；
Pump (15) has two entrances and one outlet, and first entrance is ammonia entrance, and second entrance is engine bleed
Entrance.
Wherein the outlet of liquefied ammonia high pressure storage tank (1) is connected with the entrance of flow control valve (2), and flow control valve (2) go out
Mouth is connected with the entrance of the first shut-off valve (3), and the outlet of the first shut-off valve (3) is connected with the entrance of flowmeter (4), flowmeter
(4) outlet is connected with the entrance of nozzle (5), on outlet spray injection to surface to be cooled (6) of nozzle (5).Nozzle (5) and
Surface (6) to be cooled is enclosed in spray chamber (7).The outlet of spray chamber (7) is connected with the entrance of cold recovery exchanger (8),
The outlet of cold recovery exchanger (8) is connected with the entrance of the second shut-off valve (10), the first outlet of the second shut-off valve (10) with
The entrance of 3rd shut-off valve (11) is connected, and the outlet of the 3rd shut-off valve (11) is connected with the entrance of Ammonia recovery tank (12)；Second
The second outlet of shut-off valve (10) is connected with the entrance of the 4th shut-off valve (13), outlet and the pump (15) of the 4th shut-off valve (13)
First entrance is connected.The second entrance of pump (15) is connected with the outlet of engine bleed port (14), pumps the outlet of (15) with urging
The entrance for changing device (16) is connected, and the outlet of catalyst converter (16) is connected with external environment port (17).
Cold recovery exchanger (8) is arranged on around fuel tanker (9), and fuel tank (9) is cooled down.
The system mainly includes procedure below：
The quantitative high-pressure liquid ammonia of storage in liquefied ammonia high pressure storage tank (1), during system operation, opens the first shut-off valve (3), leads to
Overcurrent adjustable valve (2) adjusts liquefied ammonia flow, and liquefied ammonia flow is read by flowmeter (4).Liquefied ammonia is through flow control valve (2),
One shut-off valve (3) and flowmeter (4) flow nozzle (5) afterwards, injection to surface to be cooled (6), reduces after atomization in nozzle (5)
The temperature of surface (6) to be cooled.Liquefied ammonia is converted to low temperature ammonia, outlet stream of the low temperature ammonia through spray chamber (7) after the completion of heat exchange
Enter cold recovery exchanger (8), heat exchange, which heats up, in cold recovery exchanger (8) becomes high temperature ammonia.
When Ammonia tolerance is less, the 4th shut-off valve (13) can be closed, the 3rd shut-off valve (11) is opened, by high temperature ammonia
It is stored in Ammonia recovery tank (12).After misting cooling is out of service, the second shut-off valve (10) is closed, opens the 4th shut-off valve
(13)。
When systems stay run time is longer, when high temperature ammonia is more, the 3rd shut-off valve (11) can be closed, opens the 4th section
Only valve (13), Ammonia gas disposal process and misting cooling process are carried out at the same time.
During high temperature nitrogen treatment, the motor exhaust of nitrogen-containing oxide is introduced by engine bleed port (14), by tail gas
Flowed into high temperature ammonia by pumping (15) in catalyst converter (16), the NH in catalyst converter (16)3High-temperature catalytic reduction is carried out with NOx
Reaction produces N2And H2O, the N of generation2And H2O is discharged outside cabin by external environment port (17).
Nozzle (5) and surface to be cooled (6) are enclosed in spray chamber (7) so that the low temperature ammonia flow after the completion of spraying
Enter in cold recovery exchanger (8), reach saving cooling medium and energy saving effect.
The cold of recycling is used to reduce fuel tank (9) interior fuel oil temperature in the cold recovery exchanger (8), for remaining use
Fuel-cooled equipment provides more sufficient cold.
Catalyst converter contains high temperature catalyst in (16), includes but not limited to TiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2And SiO2。
Brief description of the drawings
Attached drawing 1 is the principle of the present invention figure.
Label title in attached drawing 1：1. liquefied ammonia high pressure storage tank, 2. flow control valves, 3. first shut-off valves, 4. flowmeters,
5. nozzle, 6. surfaces to be cooled, 7. spray chambers, 8. cold recovery exchangers, 9. fuel tanks, 10. second shut-off valves, 11. the 3rd sections
Only valve, 12. Ammonia recovery tanks, 13. the 4th shut-off valves, 14. engine bleed ports, 15. pumps, 16. catalyst converters, 17. extraneous rings
Border port.
Embodiment
Stored up as shown in Figure 1, a kind of airborne open type spray cooling system using ammonia as cooling medium mainly includes liquefied ammonia high pressure
Tank 1, flow control valve 2, the first shut-off valve 3, flowmeter 4, nozzle 5, surface to be cooled 6, spray chamber 7, cold recovery exchanger
8th, fuel tank 9, the second shut-off valve 10, the 3rd shut-off valve 11, Ammonia recovery tank 12, the 4th shut-off valve 13, engine bleed port 14,
Pump 15, catalyst converter 16, external environment port 17.
Before taking off, needed to draw spray cooling system run time cooling time according to aircraft cruising time and equipment,
According to run time in liquefied ammonia high pressure storage tank 1 sufficient quantitative high-pressure liquid ammonia.First shut-off valve 3 at this time, the second shut-off valve
10th, the 3rd shut-off valve 11 and the 4th shut-off valve 13 are in closed mode.
After taking off, when needing to cool down electronic equipment or other surfaces, the first shut-off valve 3 is opened, is passed through
Flow control valve 2 adjusts liquefied ammonia flow, and liquefied ammonia flow is read by flowmeter 4.Liquefied ammonia is through flow control valve 2, the first shut-off valve 3
With flow nozzle 5 after flowmeter 4, injection is to surface 6 to be cooled after atomization becomes drop in nozzle 5, with the shape of misting cooling
Formula reduces the temperature on surface 6 to be cooled.Liquefied ammonia is converted to low temperature ammonia, outlet of the low temperature ammonia through spray chamber 7 after the completion of heat exchange
Cold recovery exchanger 8 is flowed into, heat exchange, which heats up, in cold recovery exchanger 8 becomes high temperature ammonia.Cold recovery exchanger (8)
The cold of middle recycling is used to reduce fuel oil temperature in fuel tanker, so as to need to carry using fuel-cooled airborne equipment for other
For more sufficient cold.
After the completion of misting cooling, when Ammonia tolerance is less, the 4th shut-off valve 13 can be closed, opens the 3rd shut-off valve
11, high temperature ammonia is stored in Ammonia recovery tank 12.After misting cooling is out of service, the second shut-off valve 10 is closed, is opened
4th shut-off valve 13, the ammonia stored in Ammonia recovery tank 12 is mixed with the motor exhaust that engine bleed port 14 introduces
Reacted into catalyst converter 16.
When systems stay run time is longer, when high temperature ammonia is more, the 3rd shut-off valve 11 can be closed, opens the 4th cut-off
Valve 13, Ammonia gas disposal process and misting cooling process are carried out at the same time.
During high temperature nitrogen treatment, the engine high-temperature tail gas of nitrogen-containing oxide is introduced by engine bleed port 14, by height
Warm tail gas is flowed into catalyst converter 16 with high temperature ammonia by pump 15, and multilayer reduction catalyst is equipped with catalyst converter 16.
The NH in catalyst converter 163High-temperature catalytic reduction reaction, which is carried out, with NOx produces N2And H2O, the N of generation2And H2O passes through external environment end
Mouth 17 is discharged outside cabins.
This is using ammonia as the airborne open type spray cooling system for cooling down medium, and wherein open system is simple in structure, dependable performance；
Use ammonia as cooling medium and saved medium consumption, it is ensured that the continuation of system operation；It is anti-with ammonia using engine bleed
Should, eliminate pollution of the ammonia to Inside Environment of Plane and equipment.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. airborne open type spray cooling system using ammonia as cooling medium, it is characterised in that：By liquefied ammonia high pressure storage tank (1), flow control valve (2), the first shut-off valve (3), flowmeter (4), nozzle (5), table to be cooled Face (6), spray chamber (7), cold recovery exchanger (8), fuel tank (9), the second shut-off valve (10), the 3rd shut-off valve (11), ammonia Recycling can (12), the 4th shut-off valve (13), engine bleed port (14), pump (15), catalyst converter (16), external environment port (17) form；Second shut-off valve (10) has an entrance and two outlets, and first outlet is ammonia storage outlet, and second outlet is ammonia Gas disposal exports；Pump (15) has two entrances and one outlet, and first entrance is ammonia entrance, and second entrance is engine bleed entrance；Wherein the outlet of liquefied ammonia high pressure storage tank (1) is connected with the entrance of flow control valve (2), the outlet of flow control valve (2) with The entrance of first shut-off valve (3) is connected, and the outlet of the first shut-off valve (3) is connected with the entrance of flowmeter (4), flowmeter (4) Outlet is connected with the entrance of nozzle (5), on outlet spray injection to surface to be cooled (6) of nozzle (5)；Nozzle (5) and treat cold But surface (6) are enclosed in spray chamber (7)；The outlet of spray chamber (7) is connected with the entrance of cold recovery exchanger (8), cold The outlet of recycling heat exchanger (8) is connected with the entrance of the second shut-off valve (10), the first outlet and the 3rd of the second shut-off valve (10) The entrance of shut-off valve (11) is connected, and the outlet of the 3rd shut-off valve (11) is connected with the entrance of Ammonia recovery tank (12)；Second cut-off The second outlet of valve (10) is connected with the entrance of the 4th shut-off valve (13), the outlet of the 4th shut-off valve (13) and the first of pump (15) Entrance is connected；The second entrance of pump (15) is connected with the outlet of engine bleed port (14), pumps outlet and the catalyst converter of (15) (16) entrance is connected, and the outlet of catalyst converter (16) is connected with external environment port (17)；Cold recovery exchanger (8) is arranged on around fuel tanker (9), and fuel tank (9) is cooled down.
- A kind of 2. airborne open type spray cooling system using ammonia as cooling medium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that： Nozzle (5) and surface to be cooled (6) are enclosed in spray chamber (7) so that the low temperature ammonia after the completion of spraying flows into cold and returns Receive in heat exchanger (8), reach saving cooling medium and energy saving effect.
- A kind of 3. airborne open type spray cooling system using ammonia as cooling medium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that： Contain high temperature catalyst in the catalyst converter (16), include but not limited to TiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2And SiO2。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201721127279.5U CN207235329U (en) | 2017-09-01 | 2017-09-01 | Airborne open type spray cooling system with ammonia as cooling medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201721127279.5U CN207235329U (en) | 2017-09-01 | 2017-09-01 | Airborne open type spray cooling system with ammonia as cooling medium |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN207235329U true CN207235329U (en) | 2018-04-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201721127279.5U Expired - Fee Related CN207235329U (en) | 2017-09-01 | 2017-09-01 | Airborne open type spray cooling system with ammonia as cooling medium |
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| Country | Link |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107360704A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-11-17 | 南京工业大学 | Airborne open type spray cooling system with ammonia as cooling medium |
| CN112901339A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 河北工业大学 | Direct injection natural gas engine system based on ammonia pyrolysis device and control method thereof |
-
2017
- 2017-09-01 CN CN201721127279.5U patent/CN207235329U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107360704A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-11-17 | 南京工业大学 | Airborne open type spray cooling system with ammonia as cooling medium |
| CN112901339A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 河北工业大学 | Direct injection natural gas engine system based on ammonia pyrolysis device and control method thereof |
| CN112901339B (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2022-04-26 | 河北工业大学 | Direct injection natural gas engine system based on ammonia pyrolysis device and control method thereof |
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Granted publication date: 20180413 Termination date: 20210901 |