CN115419829B - High-pressure liquid hydrogen conveying system and method for liquid hydrogen engine test - Google Patents
High-pressure liquid hydrogen conveying system and method for liquid hydrogen engine test Download PDFInfo
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- CN115419829B CN115419829B CN202211029401.0A CN202211029401A CN115419829B CN 115419829 B CN115419829 B CN 115419829B CN 202211029401 A CN202211029401 A CN 202211029401A CN 115419829 B CN115419829 B CN 115419829B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
- F17D1/082—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products for cold fluids, e.g. liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/005—Pipe-line systems for a two-phase gas-liquid flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
- F17D1/12—Conveying liquids or viscous products by pressure of another fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
- F17D3/01—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-pressure liquid hydrogen conveying system and a method for testing a liquid hydrogen engine. According to the high-pressure liquid hydrogen conveying system, the cold energy generated by high-pressure hydrogen throttling is utilized for pre-cooling pressurized hydrogen for the first time, then the cold energy generated by high-pressure liquid hydrogen throttling is utilized for pre-cooling pressurized hydrogen for the second time, the temperature driving potential difference of supercritical transition of liquid hydrogen is reduced, and the liquid hydrogen conveying system is ensured to output conventional liquid hydrogen in a specified time. The high-pressure hydrogen and high-pressure liquid hydrogen throttling refrigeration device can perform self-driving during throttling refrigeration, does not need additional dynamic equipment such as a compressor or a booster pump and the like, and has simple system structure and reliable performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy, in particular to a high-pressure liquid hydrogen conveying system and a method for testing a liquid hydrogen engine.
Background
With the increasing application fields of liquid hydrogen, aerospace, navigation and aviation vehicles using liquid hydrogen as engine fuel are continuously emerging. In the process of testing an engine using liquid hydrogen as fuel, the liquid hydrogen in a ground liquid hydrogen storage tank needs to be conveyed to an engine testing end in a short time. In actual engineering, liquid hydrogen in a liquid hydrogen storage tank is often input to an engine test end in a pressurizing and conveying mode. In the pressurizing and conveying mode, liquid hydrogen is filled in a liquid hydrogen storage tank in advance, then high-pressure hydrogen is injected into the overhead of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, so that the pressure in the pipe is increased, and the liquid hydrogen stored in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is extruded out of an outlet and enters an engine test end. However, in practical applications, it is found that a large amount of supercritical hydrogen exists in the liquid hydrogen output from the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the supercritical hydrogen density is smaller than that of the liquid hydrogen, so that if the liquid hydrogen is delivered to the engine test end, the supply amount of hydrogen fuel is reduced, and normal engine test is affected. Therefore, it is important to prevent the delivery of supercritical hydrogen thereto during the engine test period. But limited by the specificity and safety of liquid hydrogen experiments, no related technology for inhibiting supercritical transition in the process of pressurized delivery of liquid hydrogen is currently found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that supercritical conversion of liquid hydrogen easily occurs in the process of delivering the liquid hydrogen by pressurizing in the prior art, and provides a high-pressure liquid hydrogen delivery system and a method thereof for testing a liquid hydrogen engine. In the invention, the cold energy generated by high-pressure hydrogen throttling is utilized to pre-cool and boost the hydrogen for the first time, and then the cold energy generated by high-pressure liquid hydrogen throttling is utilized to pre-cool and boost the hydrogen for the second time, so that the temperature driving potential difference of supercritical transition of the liquid hydrogen is reduced, and the liquid hydrogen conveying system can output conventional liquid hydrogen in a specified time.
The invention aims at realizing the aim by adopting the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a high-pressure liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine testing, comprising a pressurized hydrogen pipeline, a hydrogen throttling pipeline, a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline, a hydrogen throttling cooler and a liquid hydrogen throttling cooler;
a first hydrogen passage and a second hydrogen passage which form heat exchange contact are arranged in the hydrogen throttling cooler;
the inlet end of the pressurized hydrogen pipeline is connected with a high-pressure hydrogen source, and the outlet end of the pressurized hydrogen pipeline is connected with the headspace of the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank; the pressurized hydrogen pipeline is sequentially connected with a hydrogen valve, a hydrogen flowmeter, a first hydrogen passage of the hydrogen throttling cooler, a hydrogen temperature sensor, a hydrogen pressure sensor and a pipe side channel of the liquid hydrogen throttling cooler from an inlet end to an outlet end;
the inlet end of the hydrogen throttling pipeline is connected with a pressurized hydrogen pipeline between the hydrogen flowmeter and the hydrogen throttling cooler, and the outlet end of the hydrogen throttling pipeline is externally discharged; the hydrogen throttling pipeline is sequentially connected with a hydrogen throttling valve and a second hydrogen passage of the hydrogen throttling cooler from the inlet end to the outlet end;
the inlet end of the liquid hydrogen throttling pipeline is connected with the bottom of the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the outlet end of the liquid hydrogen throttling pipeline is externally discharged; the liquid hydrogen throttling pipeline is sequentially connected with a first liquid hydrogen stop valve, a liquid hydrogen throttling valve and a shell side channel of the liquid hydrogen throttling cooler from an inlet end to an outlet end;
the inlet end of the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline is connected with the bottom of the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the outlet end of the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline is connected with a liquid hydrogen engine to be tested; the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline is sequentially connected with a liquid hydrogen flowmeter, a liquid hydrogen pressure sensor, a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor and a second liquid hydrogen stop valve from an inlet end to an outlet end.
As a preferable aspect of the above-described first aspect, the high-pressure hydrogen source employs high-pressure hydrogen gas or a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder group supplied from a compressor.
As a preferred aspect of the first aspect, the liquid hydrogen throttling cooler is a shell-and-tube heat exchange structure, the inner tube side channel is used for circulating high-pressure hydrogen to be cooled, and the outer shell side channel is used for circulating a gas-liquid two-phase mixture generated by high-pressure liquid hydrogen throttling.
As a preferable aspect of the first aspect, the heat exchange tube structure of the liquid hydrogen throttling cooler is provided with fins for increasing the heat exchange area.
As a preferable aspect of the first aspect, the hydrogen throttling cooler is a gas-gas heat exchanger, and a heat pipe for increasing heat exchange efficiency is arranged inside the hydrogen throttling cooler.
As a preference of the first aspect, an outlet end of the hydrogen throttling pipeline is connected with a hydrogen recovery device or directly vented.
As a preference of the first aspect, an outlet end of the liquid hydrogen throttling pipeline is connected with a hydrogen recovery device or directly vented.
As a preferable aspect of the first aspect described above, the hydrogen recovery apparatus is a hydrogen fuel cell for generating electricity.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a liquid hydrogen engine test high pressure liquid hydrogen delivery method using a system as described in any one of the first aspects above, comprising:
s1, filling liquid hydrogen meeting the test dosage of a liquid hydrogen engine into a liquid hydrogen storage tank;
s2, opening a hydrogen valve, and respectively introducing normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen from a high-pressure hydrogen source into a first hydrogen passage and a second hydrogen passage of a hydrogen throttling cooler through a pressurizing hydrogen pipeline and a hydrogen throttling pipeline, wherein the high-pressure hydrogen in the second hydrogen passage is throttled and cooled by the hydrogen throttling valve in advance, so that the high-pressure hydrogen in the first hydrogen passage is primarily cooled through heat exchange;
s3, measuring the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen after preliminary cooling in real time through a hydrogen temperature sensor, and controlling the following steps according to the real-time temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen:
if the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen after preliminary cooling does not exceed the target temperature capable of inhibiting supercritical transition of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank, keeping the first liquid hydrogen stop valve closed, enabling the high-pressure hydrogen after preliminary cooling to continuously pass through a pipe side channel of the liquid hydrogen throttling cooler through a pressurized hydrogen pipeline and then be injected into a liquid hydrogen storage tank gas phase zone of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and improving the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank;
if the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen after preliminary cooling is still higher than the target temperature capable of inhibiting the supercritical transition of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank, opening a first liquid hydrogen stop valve and a liquid hydrogen throttle valve to enable the high-pressure hydrogen after preliminary cooling to continuously enter a pipe side channel of a liquid hydrogen throttle cooler through a pressurized hydrogen pipeline, and enabling the high-pressure liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank to enter the liquid hydrogen throttle valve through the liquid hydrogen throttle pipeline to be throttled and cooled, wherein the cooled high-pressure liquid hydrogen enters a shell side channel of the liquid hydrogen throttle cooler to further carry out secondary cooling on the high-pressure hydrogen in the pipe side channel so as to enable the high-pressure hydrogen not to exceed the target temperature capable of inhibiting the supercritical transition of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank; injecting the high-pressure hydrogen after the secondary cooling into a liquid hydrogen storage tank gas phase region of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to raise the pressure inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank;
and S4, detecting the pressure in real time through a hydrogen pressure sensor, opening a second liquid hydrogen stop valve after the pressure reaches a target pressure value, enabling liquid hydrogen at the bottom of a liquid phase region of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to enter a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline under the action of pressurized hydrogen in a gas phase region of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and sequentially flowing through a liquid hydrogen flowmeter, the liquid hydrogen pressure sensor, a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor and the second liquid hydrogen stop valve, and finally conveying to a liquid hydrogen engine test end.
As a preference of the second aspect, when the liquid hydrogen engine test end needs to continuously deliver constant pressure liquid hydrogen, the opening of each valve in the control system is linked according to the data detected by each sensor in the system, so as to ensure that the temperature of the high pressure hydrogen injected into the gas phase zone of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is constant and the pressure of the gas phase zone of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is constant.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding and beneficial technical effects:
1) The method and the device have the advantages of various forms, adjustable cold quantity and wide adaptability.
2) The high-pressure hydrogen and high-pressure liquid hydrogen throttling refrigeration device can perform self-driving during throttling refrigeration, does not need additional dynamic equipment such as a compressor or a booster pump and the like, and has simple system structure and reliable performance.
3) The hydrogen produced by double throttling has higher purity, can be directly recycled, and reduces the amount of resources consumed by the supercritical conversion inhibition of liquid hydrogen to the maximum extent.
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings so as to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-pressure liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine testing according to the present invention.
In the figure: a pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1, a high-pressure hydrogen source 2, a hydrogen valve 3, a hydrogen flowmeter 4, a hydrogen throttling cooler 5, a first hydrogen passage 6, a second hydrogen passage 7, a hydrogen temperature sensor 8, a hydrogen pressure sensor 9, a liquid hydrogen throttling cooler 10, a liquid hydrogen storage tank 11, a liquid hydrogen storage tank liquid phase region 12, a liquid hydrogen storage tank gas phase region 13, a hydrogen throttling pipeline 14, a hydrogen throttling valve 15, a liquid hydrogen throttling pipeline 16, a first liquid hydrogen stop valve 17, a liquid hydrogen throttling valve 18, a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19, a liquid hydrogen flowmeter 20, a liquid hydrogen pressure sensor 21, a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor 22 and a second liquid hydrogen stop valve 23.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, whereby the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features of the embodiments of the invention can be combined correspondingly on the premise of no mutual conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected with intervening elements present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" to another element, there are no intervening elements present.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing between the descriptions and not necessarily for the purpose of indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
As shown in fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a high-pressure liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine test is provided, and its constituent elements include a pressurized hydrogen line 1, a high-pressure hydrogen source 2, a hydrogen valve 3, a hydrogen flow meter 4, a hydrogen throttle cooler 5, a first hydrogen passage 6, a second hydrogen passage 7, a hydrogen temperature sensor 8, a hydrogen pressure sensor 9, a liquid hydrogen throttle cooler 10, a liquid hydrogen tank 11, a hydrogen throttle line 14, a hydrogen throttle valve 15, a liquid hydrogen throttle line 16, a first liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 17, a liquid hydrogen throttle valve 18, a liquid hydrogen filling line 19, a liquid hydrogen flow meter 20, a liquid hydrogen pressure sensor 21, a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor 22, and a second liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 23.
The liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 is a closed tank body with an outside wrapped with heat insulating material, and a liquid hydrogen filling port is arranged on the pipe body. The tank body inner chamber of the liquid hydrogen tank 11 is used for storing liquid hydrogen to be filled into the liquid hydrogen engine. In practical application, the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 is divided into a liquid hydrogen storage tank liquid phase region 12 and a liquid hydrogen storage tank gas phase region 13 by taking the liquid hydrogen liquid level as a boundary, when the pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1 injects pressurized hydrogen into the liquid hydrogen storage tank gas phase region 13, the pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank gas phase region 13 is gradually increased, and then the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank liquid phase region 12 is injected into a liquid hydrogen engine test end through the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19, and the process can be called a liquid hydrogen pressurizing and conveying process.
Through research on the pressurized liquid hydrogen conveying process, the reason for causing the transition of liquid hydrogen to supercritical hydrogen in the process is mainly the temperature rise at the gas-liquid two-phase interface of the liquid hydrogen storage tank liquid phase region 12 and the liquid hydrogen storage tank gas phase region 13. Since the triple point temperature and pressure of liquid hydrogen are 33.145K and 1.296MPa, respectively, the power of liquid hydrogen delivery is typically room temperature hydrogen at pressures up to tens of megapascals provided by the high pressure hydrogen source 2. Therefore, when the pressurized hydrogen enters the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 for pressurization, besides the liquid hydrogen storage tank normally conveys the liquid hydrogen to the engine test end, the gas-phase high-liquid-phase low temperature difference exists at the gas-phase and liquid-phase interface position, and the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11, which is contacted with the pressurized hydrogen, can be gradually converted into supercritical hydrogen. Because the liquid hydrogen has no latent heat of phase change when being converted into the supercritical hydrogen, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the supercritical hydrogen is larger than that of the liquid hydrogen, the heat of the pressurized hydrogen can be rapidly transmitted to the lower part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, so that more liquid hydrogen is converted into the supercritical hydrogen. Therefore, controlling the temperature rise of the liquid hydrogen at the interface of the gas phase and the liquid phase, and reducing the temperature driving potential difference of the supercritical transition of the liquid hydrogen at the interface is a key for inhibiting the transition from the liquid hydrogen to the supercritical hydrogen in the pressurizing and conveying process of the liquid hydrogen.
Based on the principle, the invention designs a treatment measure for cooling high-pressure hydrogen, firstly, the high-pressure hydrogen is utilized to throttle the generated cold energy to pre-cool and boost the hydrogen for the first time, and then the high-pressure hydrogen is utilized to throttle the generated cold energy to pre-cool and boost the hydrogen for the second time, so that the high-pressure hydrogen is cooled to a target temperature capable of inhibiting the supercritical transition of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 before entering the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11.
The closer the target temperature of the supercritical transition of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen tank 11 is, the better the temperature of the liquid hydrogen stored in the liquid phase region 12 of the liquid hydrogen tank is theoretically. However, in practical application, the high-pressure hydrogen is not required to be cooled to the liquid hydrogen temperature, and a target temperature higher than the liquid hydrogen temperature can be set according to the practical liquid hydrogen supercritical transition inhibition effect. When the high-pressure hydrogen gas satisfies the target temperature, the conversion of the liquid hydrogen to supercritical hydrogen can be suppressed as a whole, and a very small amount of liquid hydrogen is allowed to undergo supercritical hydrogen conversion.
The specific connection manner and operation principle of each constituent element in the high-pressure liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine test are described in detail below in order to facilitate understanding of the essence of the present invention.
The high-pressure hydrogen source 2 is a hydrogen source above normal pressure, and its specific pressure needs to be selected according to the actual test requirement, and is not limited to a specific pressure value, and may be referred to as pressurized hydrogen. The high-pressure hydrogen source 2 may employ high-pressure hydrogen gas or a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder set provided by a compressor, and the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder set is selected as the high-pressure hydrogen source 2 to provide pressurized hydrogen gas in this embodiment.
In order to cool down the high-pressure hydrogen, a first hydrogen passage 6 and a second hydrogen passage 7 that make heat exchange contact are provided in the hydrogen throttle cooler 5. In this embodiment, the hydrogen throttling cooler 5 is preferably a gas-gas heat exchanger, and a heat pipe for increasing heat exchange efficiency may be provided inside.
Because the throttling of the high-pressure hydrogen is simply relied on to achieve a sufficient cooling effect when the flow rate of the high-pressure hydrogen is large, the liquid hydrogen throttling cooler 10 is also required to be arranged for auxiliary secondary cooling. The liquid hydrogen throttling cooler 10 is divided into a tube side channel and a shell side channel which form heat exchange contact.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the inlet end of the pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1 is connected with the high-pressure hydrogen source 2, and the outlet end is connected with the headspace of the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11, so that the cooled high-pressure hydrogen is conveyed to the liquid hydrogen storage tank to complete pressurization. The pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1 is sequentially connected with a hydrogen valve 3, a hydrogen flowmeter 4, a first hydrogen passage 6 of a hydrogen throttling cooler 5, a hydrogen temperature sensor 8, a hydrogen pressure sensor 9 and a pipe side passage of a liquid hydrogen throttling cooler 10 from an inlet end to an outlet end.
The hydrogen valve 3 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the whole pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1, the hydrogen flowmeter 4 is used for detecting the hydrogen flow in the pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1, the hydrogen temperature sensor 8 is used for detecting the hydrogen temperature in the pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1, and the hydrogen pressure sensor 9 is used for detecting the hydrogen pressure in the pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1. In this embodiment, the liquid hydrogen throttling cooler 10 may adopt a shell-and-tube heat exchange structure, the inner tube side channel is used for circulating high-pressure hydrogen to be cooled, and the outer tube side channel is used for circulating a gas-liquid two-phase mixture generated by high-pressure liquid hydrogen throttling, so that the cooling capacity of the liquid hydrogen is utilized to cool the high-pressure hydrogen secondarily. Similarly, the heat exchange tube structure of the liquid hydrogen throttle cooler 10 may be provided with fins for increasing the heat exchange area.
The hydrogen throttling pipeline 14 is used for completing preliminary precooling of the pressurized hydrogen by utilizing cold energy generated by partial high-pressure hydrogen throttling. The inlet end of the hydrogen throttling pipeline 14 is connected with the pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1 between the hydrogen flowmeter 4 and the hydrogen throttling cooler 5, and the outlet end is externally discharged. The hydrogen throttle pipe 14 connects the hydrogen throttle valve 15 and the second hydrogen passage 7 of the hydrogen throttle cooler 5 in this order from the inlet end to the outlet end. Wherein the hydrogen throttle valve 15 is used for throttling the high-pressure hydrogen, the pressure of the throttled high-pressure hydrogen is reduced, the temperature of the throttled high-pressure hydrogen is reduced, and then the throttled high-pressure hydrogen enters the second hydrogen passage 7 of the hydrogen throttle cooler 5 to provide cold energy for the high-pressure hydrogen entering the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11.
The liquid hydrogen throttling pipeline 16 is used for completing re-precooling of the pressurized hydrogen by utilizing cold energy generated by throttling and vaporization of part of high-pressure liquid hydrogen. The inlet end of the liquid hydrogen throttling pipeline 16 is connected with the bottom of the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11, and the outlet end is externally discharged. The liquid hydrogen throttle pipe 16 is connected in order from the inlet end to the outlet end to a first liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 17, a liquid hydrogen throttle valve 18, and a shell-side passage of the liquid hydrogen throttle cooler 10. The first liquid hydrogen stop valve 17 is used for controlling the on-off state of the liquid hydrogen throttling pipeline 16, so as to control whether the liquid hydrogen throttling cooler 10 is started or not. The liquid hydrogen throttle valve 18 is used for throttling high-pressure liquid hydrogen entering the shell side channel of the liquid hydrogen throttle cooler 10 when the liquid hydrogen throttle cooler 10 is started, so that a low-temperature gas-liquid two-phase mixture is generated, and the gas-liquid two-phase mixture enters the shell side channel of the liquid hydrogen throttle cooler 10 and exchanges heat with high-pressure hydrogen in the tube side channel, so that the high-pressure hydrogen is subjected to secondary cooling, and the target temperature requirement is met.
The liquid hydrogen filling line 19 functions to convey the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen tank 11 to the liquid hydrogen engine to be tested. Therefore, the inlet end of the liquid hydrogen filling pipe 19 is connected with the bottom of the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11, and the outlet end is connected with the liquid hydrogen filling port of the liquid hydrogen engine to be tested. The liquid hydrogen filling line 19 is connected in order from the inlet end to the outlet end with a liquid hydrogen flow meter 20, a liquid hydrogen pressure sensor 21, a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor 22 and a second liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 23. The second liquid hydrogen stop valve 23 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the whole liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19, the liquid hydrogen temperature sensor 225 is used for detecting the liquid hydrogen temperature in the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19, the liquid hydrogen pressure sensor 21 is used for detecting the liquid hydrogen pressure in the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19, and the liquid hydrogen flow meter 20 is used for detecting the liquid hydrogen flow in the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19, so that the physical and chemical parameters of the liquid hydrogen filled into the liquid hydrogen engine meet the requirements.
The operation mode of the high-pressure liquid hydrogen conveying system for liquid hydrogen engine test is as follows:
(1) The high-pressure hydrogen source 2 can supply the needed pressurized hydrogen, and the liquid hydrogen storage tank 9 is filled with a proper amount of liquid hydrogen.
(2) The hydrogen valve 3 is opened, normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen source 2 enters the pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1, enters the first passage 6 of the hydrogen throttling cooler 5 after passing through the hydrogen valve 3 and the hydrogen flowmeter 4, absorbs cold energy generated by high-pressure hydrogen throttling for primary cooling, then enters the liquid hydrogen throttling cooler 10 after passing through the hydrogen temperature sensor 8 and the hydrogen pressure sensor 9, absorbs cold energy generated by high-pressure liquid hydrogen throttling and vaporization for secondary cooling, enters the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 after reaching a set temperature, is mixed with low-temperature hydrogen in the gas phase region 13 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and improves the pressure inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11.
(3) The high-pressure hydrogen in the pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1 simultaneously enters the hydrogen throttling pipeline 14, is throttled by the hydrogen throttling valve 15, reduces the pressure and temperature of the throttled high-pressure hydrogen, and then enters the hydrogen throttling cooler second passage 7 of the hydrogen throttling cooler 5 to provide cold energy for the pressurized hydrogen entering the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11.
(4) The first liquid hydrogen stop valve 17 is opened, high-pressure liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 enters the liquid hydrogen throttling pipeline 16 under the drive of high-pressure hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank gas phase region 13, the high-pressure liquid hydrogen flows through the first liquid hydrogen stop valve 17 and then enters the liquid hydrogen throttling valve 18 to be throttled, the throttled high-pressure liquid hydrogen is changed into a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase mixture, and then the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase mixture enters the liquid hydrogen throttling cooler 10 to provide cooling capacity for pressurized hydrogen entering the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11, and the cooling capacity comprises the sensible cooling of the gas-liquid two-phase mixture and the vaporization cooling capacity of the liquid hydrogen.
(5) Opening a second liquid hydrogen stop valve 23, and under the action of pressurized hydrogen, liquid hydrogen at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank liquid phase region 12 enters a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19, sequentially flows through a liquid hydrogen flowmeter 20, a liquid hydrogen pressure sensor 21, a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor 22 and the second liquid hydrogen stop valve 23, and finally is conveyed to a liquid hydrogen engine test end;
therefore, the method and the device pre-cool the pressurized hydrogen by utilizing the cold energy generated by high-pressure hydrogen and high-pressure liquid hydrogen throttling, so as to inhibit the supercritical transition of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid phase region of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and finally ensure that the output of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is conventional liquid hydrogen, and ensure the normal test of the subsequent liquid hydrogen engine.
Of course, it should be noted that the above flow is an operation mode when the flow of the pressurized hydrogen is large, and when the flow of the pressurized hydrogen is small, only a single high-pressure hydrogen throttling or a high-pressure liquid hydrogen throttling mode may be adopted.
In addition, it should be noted that in the present invention, when the hydrogen or liquid hydrogen is discharged from the outlet ends of the hydrogen throttle pipe 14 and the liquid hydrogen throttle pipe 16, the hydrogen may be recycled by connecting a hydrogen recycling device or may be directly discharged. As a preferred implementation mode of the embodiment of the invention, the throttled high-pressure hydrogen and high-pressure liquid hydrogen can be recycled, for example, the high-pressure hydrogen and the high-pressure liquid hydrogen are directly connected to a hydrogen fuel cell for power generation, and the generated electric energy is utilized to drive a refrigerating unit to cool and boost hydrogen.
In another embodiment of the present invention, further based on the above-mentioned high-pressure liquid hydrogen delivery system, a method for testing high-pressure liquid hydrogen delivery of a liquid hydrogen engine is provided, which specifically includes steps S1 to S4:
s1, filling liquid hydrogen meeting the test dosage of a liquid hydrogen engine into a liquid hydrogen storage tank 9;
s2, opening a hydrogen valve 3, and respectively introducing normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen from a high-pressure hydrogen source 2 into a first hydrogen passage 6 and a second hydrogen passage 7 of a hydrogen throttling cooler 5 through a pressurizing hydrogen pipeline 1 and a hydrogen throttling pipeline 14, wherein the high-pressure hydrogen in the second hydrogen passage 7 is throttled and cooled by a hydrogen throttling valve 15 in advance, so that the high-pressure hydrogen in the first hydrogen passage 6 is primarily cooled through heat exchange;
s3, measuring the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen after preliminary cooling in real time through the hydrogen temperature sensor 8, and controlling the following according to the real-time temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen:
if the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen after preliminary cooling does not exceed the target temperature capable of inhibiting the supercritical transition of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11, the first liquid hydrogen stop valve 17 is kept closed, so that the high-pressure hydrogen after preliminary cooling is continuously injected into the liquid hydrogen storage tank gas phase zone 13 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 after passing through the pipe side channel of the liquid hydrogen throttling cooler 10 directly through the pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1, and the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 is increased;
if the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen after preliminary cooling is still higher than the target temperature capable of inhibiting the supercritical transition of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11, opening the first liquid hydrogen stop valve 17 and the liquid hydrogen throttle valve 18 to enable the high-pressure hydrogen after preliminary cooling to continuously enter a pipe side channel of the liquid hydrogen throttle cooler 10 through the pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1, and enabling the high-pressure liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 to enter the liquid hydrogen throttle valve 18 through the liquid hydrogen throttle pipeline 16 to be throttled and cooled, wherein the cooled high-pressure liquid hydrogen enters a shell side channel of the liquid hydrogen throttle cooler 10 to be subjected to secondary cooling to enable the high-pressure hydrogen in the pipe side channel to be not more than the target temperature capable of inhibiting the supercritical transition of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11; injecting the high-pressure hydrogen subjected to secondary cooling into a liquid hydrogen storage tank gas-phase zone 13 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 to raise the pressure inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11;
and S4, detecting the pressure in real time through the hydrogen pressure sensor 9, opening a second liquid hydrogen stop valve 23 after the pressure reaches a target pressure value, enabling liquid hydrogen at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank liquid phase region 12 to enter a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19 under the action of pressurized hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank gas phase region 13, and finally conveying to a liquid hydrogen engine test end after sequentially flowing through a liquid hydrogen flowmeter 20, a liquid hydrogen pressure sensor 21, a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor 22 and the second liquid hydrogen stop valve 23.
In addition, when the liquid hydrogen engine test end needs to continuously convey constant-pressure liquid hydrogen, the flow of working media in different pipelines is regulated according to the opening of each valve in the data linkage control system detected by each sensor in the system, so that the temperature of high-pressure hydrogen injected into the liquid hydrogen storage tank gas phase zone 13 is ensured to be constant, and the pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank gas phase zone 13 is ensured to be constant. Therefore, as a preferred implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, each valve and sensor in the system may be connected to a self-control device, and the self-control device performs automatic control in a unified manner.
The above embodiment is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all the technical schemes obtained by adopting the equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-pressure liquid hydrogen conveying system for the liquid hydrogen engine test is characterized by comprising a pressurized hydrogen pipeline (1), a hydrogen throttling pipeline (14), a liquid hydrogen throttling pipeline (16), a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (19), a hydrogen throttling cooler (5) and a liquid hydrogen throttling cooler (10);
a first hydrogen passage (6) and a second hydrogen passage (7) which form heat exchange contact are arranged in the hydrogen throttling cooler (5);
the inlet end of the pressurized hydrogen pipeline (1) is connected with a high-pressure hydrogen source (2), and the outlet end of the pressurized hydrogen pipeline is connected with the headspace of the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (11); the pressurized hydrogen pipeline (1) is sequentially connected with a hydrogen valve (3), a hydrogen flowmeter (4), a first hydrogen passage (6) of a hydrogen throttling cooler (5), a hydrogen temperature sensor (8), a hydrogen pressure sensor (9) and a pipe side channel of a liquid hydrogen throttling cooler (10) from an inlet end to an outlet end;
the inlet end of the hydrogen throttling pipeline (14) is connected with a pressurized hydrogen pipeline (1) between the hydrogen flowmeter (4) and the hydrogen throttling cooler (5), and the outlet end is externally discharged; a hydrogen throttle pipeline (14) is sequentially connected with a hydrogen throttle valve (15) and a second hydrogen passage (7) of the hydrogen throttle cooler (5) from an inlet end to an outlet end;
the inlet end of the liquid hydrogen throttling pipeline (16) is connected with the bottom of the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (11), and the outlet end is externally discharged; the liquid hydrogen throttling pipeline (16) is sequentially connected with a first liquid hydrogen stop valve (17), a liquid hydrogen throttling valve (18) and a shell side channel of the liquid hydrogen throttling cooler (10) from an inlet end to an outlet end;
the inlet end of the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (19) is connected with the bottom of the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (11), and the outlet end of the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline is connected with a liquid hydrogen engine to be tested; the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (19) is sequentially connected with a liquid hydrogen flowmeter (20), a liquid hydrogen pressure sensor (21), a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor (22) and a second liquid hydrogen stop valve (23) from an inlet end to an outlet end.
2. High-pressure liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine testing according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-pressure hydrogen source (2) employs high-pressure hydrogen gas or a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder set provided by a compressor.
3. The high-pressure liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine testing according to claim 1, wherein the liquid hydrogen throttling cooler (10) is a shell-and-tube heat exchange structure, an inner tube side channel is used for circulating high-pressure hydrogen to be cooled, and an outer shell side channel is used for circulating a gas-liquid two-phase mixture generated by high-pressure liquid hydrogen throttling.
4. The high-pressure liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine testing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat exchange tube structure of the liquid hydrogen throttling cooler (10) is provided with fins for increasing heat exchange area.
5. The high-pressure liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine test according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen throttling cooler (5) is a gas-gas heat exchanger, and a heat pipe for increasing heat exchange efficiency is arranged inside the hydrogen throttling cooler.
6. The high-pressure liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine testing according to claim 1, wherein the outlet end of the hydrogen throttling pipeline (14) is connected with a hydrogen recovery device or directly vented.
7. The high-pressure liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine testing according to claim 1, wherein the outlet end of the liquid hydrogen throttling pipeline (16) is connected with a hydrogen recovery device or directly vented.
8. The high pressure liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine testing according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the hydrogen recovery device is a hydrogen fuel cell for generating electricity.
9. A method for testing high-pressure liquid hydrogen delivery of a liquid hydrogen engine in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
s1, filling liquid hydrogen meeting the test dosage of a liquid hydrogen engine into a liquid hydrogen storage tank (9);
s2, opening a hydrogen valve (3), and leading normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen from a high-pressure hydrogen source (2) into a first hydrogen passage (6) and a second hydrogen passage (7) of a hydrogen throttling cooler (5) through a pressurizing hydrogen pipeline (1) and a hydrogen throttling pipeline (14), wherein the high-pressure hydrogen in the second hydrogen passage (7) is throttled and cooled by a hydrogen throttling valve (15) in advance, so that the high-pressure hydrogen in the first hydrogen passage (6) is primarily cooled through heat exchange;
s3, measuring the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen after preliminary cooling in real time through a hydrogen temperature sensor (8), and controlling the following steps according to the real-time temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen:
if the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen after preliminary cooling does not exceed the target temperature capable of inhibiting supercritical transition of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (11), a first liquid hydrogen stop valve (17) is kept closed, so that the high-pressure hydrogen after preliminary cooling continuously passes through a pressurized hydrogen pipeline (1) and directly passes through a pipe side channel of a liquid hydrogen throttling cooler (10) and is injected into a liquid hydrogen storage tank gas-phase zone (13) of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (11), and the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (11) is increased;
if the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen after preliminary cooling is still higher than the target temperature capable of inhibiting the supercritical transition of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (11), opening a first liquid hydrogen stop valve (17) and a liquid hydrogen throttle valve (18) to enable the high-pressure hydrogen after preliminary cooling to continuously enter a pipe side channel of the liquid hydrogen throttle cooler (10) through a pressurized hydrogen pipeline (1), and enabling the high-pressure liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (11) to enter the liquid hydrogen throttle valve (18) through a liquid hydrogen throttle pipeline (16) to be throttled and cooled, and enabling the high-pressure liquid hydrogen after cooling to enter a shell side channel of the liquid hydrogen throttle cooler (10) to be secondarily cooled so as to enable the high-pressure hydrogen in the pipe side channel to be not more than the target temperature capable of inhibiting the supercritical transition of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (11); injecting the high-pressure hydrogen subjected to secondary cooling into a liquid hydrogen storage tank gas-phase region (13) of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (11) to raise the pressure inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank (11);
s4, detecting the pressure in real time through a hydrogen pressure sensor (9), opening a second liquid hydrogen stop valve (23) after the pressure reaches a target pressure value, enabling liquid hydrogen at the bottom of a liquid phase region (12) of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to enter a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (19) under the action of pressurized hydrogen in a gas phase region (13) of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and sequentially flowing through a liquid hydrogen flowmeter (20), a liquid hydrogen pressure sensor (21), a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor (22) and the second liquid hydrogen stop valve (23), and finally conveying to a liquid hydrogen engine test end.
10. The method for transporting high-pressure liquid hydrogen for liquid hydrogen engine test according to claim 9, wherein when the liquid hydrogen engine test end needs to continuously transport constant-pressure liquid hydrogen, the opening of each valve in the control system is linked according to the data detected by each sensor in the system, so as to ensure that the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen injected into the liquid hydrogen storage tank gas phase zone (13) is constant and the pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank gas phase zone (13) is constant.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211029401.0A CN115419829B (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | High-pressure liquid hydrogen conveying system and method for liquid hydrogen engine test |
| PCT/CN2023/101631 WO2024041147A1 (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2023-06-21 | High-pressure liquid hydrogen conveying system for liquid hydrogen engine testing and method thereof |
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| CN202211029401.0A CN115419829B (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | High-pressure liquid hydrogen conveying system and method for liquid hydrogen engine test |
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| CN115419829B (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2023-05-23 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | High-pressure liquid hydrogen conveying system and method for liquid hydrogen engine test |
| CN116291973B (en) * | 2023-05-23 | 2023-07-28 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Rocket liquid hydrogen tank self-pressurization simulation and verification device |
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| JP4787636B2 (en) * | 2006-03-13 | 2011-10-05 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | High pressure processing equipment |
| DE102011104546B4 (en) * | 2011-06-18 | 2013-05-29 | Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co. Kg | Pump for conveying a cryogenic fluid |
| JP5890748B2 (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2016-03-22 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Liquid hydrogen production equipment |
| DE102012210067A1 (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2013-12-19 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Cryo-pressure tank system for motor vehicle for storing hydrogen in cryogenic condition under supercritical pressure, has pump, by which operating fluid of extraction line supplied in liquid phase in cryo-pressure tank |
| KR101881999B1 (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-07-25 | 하이리움에너지 주식회사 | Hydrogen refueling system using the liquid hydrogen and hydrogen dispensing methods |
| CN108953988B (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2021-02-09 | 靳殷实 | Liquid hydrogen vaporization and self-pressurization device |
| CN109027660B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-10-27 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Supercritical hydrogen storage method and application thereof |
| CN111070994A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2020-04-28 | 耿铭泽 | LNG (liquefied Natural gas) automobile air conditioner |
| CN109630876A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-04-16 | 东南大学 | A kind of deep cooling high-pressure hydrogen storing hydrogen supply device |
| CN110360441B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-06-23 | 浙江大学 | Exhaust cold energy utilization system of space liquid hydrogen storage tank |
| CN113531388B (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2023-03-14 | 液空厚普氢能源装备有限公司 | System and method for recycling cold energy of liquid hydrogen refueling station |
| CN115419829B (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2023-05-23 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | High-pressure liquid hydrogen conveying system and method for liquid hydrogen engine test |
| CN115199951A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-10-18 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Mixed pressurized liquid hydrogen conveying system and method for liquid hydrogen engine test |
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