DE102012210067A1 - Cryo-pressure tank system for motor vehicle for storing hydrogen in cryogenic condition under supercritical pressure, has pump, by which operating fluid of extraction line supplied in liquid phase in cryo-pressure tank - Google Patents

Cryo-pressure tank system for motor vehicle for storing hydrogen in cryogenic condition under supercritical pressure, has pump, by which operating fluid of extraction line supplied in liquid phase in cryo-pressure tank Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102012210067A1
DE102012210067A1 DE201210210067 DE102012210067A DE102012210067A1 DE 102012210067 A1 DE102012210067 A1 DE 102012210067A1 DE 201210210067 DE201210210067 DE 201210210067 DE 102012210067 A DE102012210067 A DE 102012210067A DE 102012210067 A1 DE102012210067 A1 DE 102012210067A1
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Prior art keywords
pump
tank
pressure tank
pressure
cryo
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DE201210210067
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German (de)
Inventor
Torsten Franke
Klaas Kunze
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Priority to DE201210210067 priority Critical patent/DE102012210067A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0115—Single phase dense or supercritical, i.e. at high pressure and high density
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F17C2227/0142—Pumps with specified pump type, e.g. piston or impulsive type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F17C2250/0417—Level of content in the vessel with electrical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0447—Composition; Humidity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
    • F17C2250/0495—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location the indicated parameter is a converted measured parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/046—Enhancing energy recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The cryo-pressure tank system has a pump, by which the operating fluid of the extraction line supplied in the liquid phase in the cryo-pressure tank. The pump is put into the operation, if a roughly analyzed electronic monitoring unit determines the composition of the operating fluid with respect to a substance which is present in the liquid phase and in the gaseous phase. The operating fluid is stored in the tank. An adequate supply of the consumer is not ensured alone with the operating fluid present in the gaseous phase.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kryo-Drucktank-System eines Kraftfahrzeugs, welches zur Speicherung des für einen Verbraucher, insbesondere eine Brennstoffzelle vorgesehenen Betriebsstoffs, insbesondere Wasserstoff, in kryogenem Zustand unter überkritischem Druck bei 13 bar oder mehr ausgelegt ist und wobei in der gasförmigen Phase vorliegender Betriebsstoff alleine unter Wirkung des Druckgefälles gegenüber dem Verbraucher in eine vom Tank zum Verbraucher führende Entnahmeleitung gelangt.The invention relates to a cryogenic pressure tank system of a motor vehicle, which is designed for storing the intended for a consumer, in particular a fuel cell operating material, in particular hydrogen, in a cryogenic state under supercritical pressure at 13 bar or more, and wherein present in the gaseous phase fuel solely under the effect of the pressure gradient with respect to the consumer passes into a leading from the tank to the consumer sampling line.

Zum Stand der Technik wird beispielsweise auf die EP 2 217 845 B1 verwiesen, in der ein Betriebsverfahrens für ein Kryo-Drucktank-System nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie die sog. Kryo-Druckspeicherung insbesondere von Wasserstoff beschrieben ist und wobei als weiterer relevanter Stand der Technik neben der US 6,708,502 B1 insbesondere die beiden deutschen Patentanmeldungen 10 2007 011 530.1 und 10 2007 011 742.8 zitiert sind. In diesen ist beschrieben, dass in einem sog. Kryo-Drucktank tiefkalter kryogener Wasserstoff bei überkritischem Druck, d. h. bei zumindest 13 bar absolut oder signifikant höheren Drücken, nämlich bei 150 bar und mehr, gespeichert bzw. solcher Wasserstoff im Rahmen des Betankens mit überkritischem Druck in einen geeigneten Kryo-Drucktank eingefüllt werden kann, was signifikante Vorteile bietet.The state of the art, for example, on the EP 2 217 845 B1 in which an operating method for a cryogenic pressure tank system according to the preamble of claim 1 and the so-called. Cryogenic pressure storage is described in particular of hydrogen and being used as a further relevant prior art in addition to the US 6,708,502 B1 in particular the two German patent applications 10 2007 011 530.1 and 10 2007 011 742.8 are quoted. In these it is described that in a so-called cryogenic pressure tank cryogenic cryogenic hydrogen at supercritical pressure, ie at least 13 bar absolute or significantly higher pressures, namely at 150 bar and more stored or such hydrogen in the context of refueling with supercritical pressure can be filled in a suitable cryopressure tank, which offers significant advantages.

Um den Wasserstoff zur Versorgung des Verbrauchers mit einem gewissen Mindest-Druckniveau aus dem Kryo-Drucktank entnehmen zu können, wird beim genannten Stand der Technik dieses Mindest-Druckniveau durch einen gezielten Wärmeeintrag in den Kryo-Drucktank eingestellt, und zwar wird gemäß der EP 2 217 845 B1 eine Teilmenge des aus dem Kryo-Drucktank entnommenen Wasserstoffs nach Erwärmung desselben in einem externen Wärmetauscher als Wärmeträgermittel durch einen im Kryo-Drucktank vorgesehenen (internen) Wärmetauscher hindurchgeführt, wobei in dieser Schrift weiterhin angegeben ist, wie ein solches Mindest-Druckniveau regelungstechnisch einfach sowie im Hinblick darauf, den Kryo-Drucktank soweit als möglich entleeren zu können, eingestellt werden kann.In order to remove the hydrogen to supply the consumer with a certain minimum pressure level from the cryogenic pressure tank, this minimum pressure level is set by a targeted heat input into the cryogenic pressure tank in the cited prior art, and is in accordance with the EP 2 217 845 B1 a subset of the withdrawn from the cryopressure hydrogen after heating the same in an external heat exchanger as a heat transfer medium through a provided in the cryogenic pressure tank (internal) heat exchanger, which is further specified in this document, as such a minimum pressure level control technology simply and in With regard to being able to empty the cryogenic pressure tank as far as possible, can be adjusted.

Das gezielte Einbringen von Wärme in den Tank zur Drucksteigerung ist jedoch grundsätzlich mit funktionalen Nachteilen verbunden, denn es kann insbesondere dann, wenn das Kraftfahrzeug im Anschluss an einen solchen Wärmeeintrag für längere Zeit abgestellt wird, notwendig werden, eine Teilmenge des im Tank gespeicherten Betriebsstoffes abzublasen. Ohne ein solches Abblasen könnte es nämlich aufgrund des unvermeidbar über die – wenngleich hervorragend isolierte – Tankwand stattfindenden geringen Wärmeeintrags zu einer unzulässig hohen Drucksteigerung im Tank kommen. Aber auch wenn eine Wiederbefüllung des Tanks erfolgen soll, erweist sich ein vorhergehend durchgeführter zusätzlicher Wärmeeintrag als ungünstig, da durch einen solchen Wärmeeintrag die in den Tank einbringbare Betriebsstoff-Masse vermindert wird. Weiterhin ist beim Stand der Technik darauf zu achten, dass sich im Tank kein Zweiphasen-System mit flüssigen und gasförmigen Zustand ausbildet und es ist eine Befüllung des Tanks mit flüssigem tiefkaltem Wasserstoff nicht möglich.However, the targeted introduction of heat in the tank to increase pressure is fundamentally associated with functional disadvantages, because it may be necessary, especially when the motor vehicle is turned off after such a heat input for a long time, to blow off a subset of the stored fuel in the tank , Without such a blow-off, it could come because of the unavoidable over the - although perfectly isolated - tank wall occurring low heat input to an impermissibly high pressure increase in the tank. But even if a refilling of the tank is to take place, a previously carried out additional heat input proves to be unfavorable because such a heat input, the recoverable into the tank fuel mass is reduced. Furthermore, it must be ensured in the prior art that no two-phase system with liquid and gaseous state is formed in the tank and it is not possible to fill the tank with liquid cryogenic hydrogen.

Ein im Hinblick auf diese genannten Nachteile verbessertes Kryo-Drucktank-System nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 aufzuzeigen, ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung.An object of the present invention is to provide an improved cryopressure tank system with regard to these disadvantages as claimed in the preamble of claim 1.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Pumpe vorgesehen ist, mittels derer in der flüssigen Phase im Kryo-Drucktank vorliegender Betriebsstoff der Entnahmeleitung zuführbar ist, und dass diese Pumpe dann in Betrieb genommen wird, wenn eine die Zusammensetzung des im Tank gespeicherten Betriebsstoffs hinsichtlich des in der flüssigen Phase und in der gasförmigen Phase vorliegenden Anteils zumindest grob analysierende elektronische Überwachungseinheit feststellt, dass eine ausreichende Versorgung des Verbrauchers alleine mit in der gasförmigen Phase vorliegendem Betriebsstoff nicht gewährleistet ist. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind Inhalt der Unteransprüche.The solution to this problem is characterized in that a pump is provided, by means of which in the liquid phase present in the cryogenic pressure tank fuel supply line can be supplied, and that this pump is then put into operation, if one the composition of the stored fuel in the tank with regard to the proportion present in the liquid phase and in the gaseous phase at least roughly analyzing electronic monitoring unit determines that a sufficient supply of the consumer is not guaranteed alone with present in the gaseous phase fuel. Advantageous developments are content of the dependent claims.

Es wird vorgeschlagen, vorzugsweise anstelle eines gezielten Wärmeeintrags in den Tank oder zumindest neben der Möglichkeit eines gezielten Wärmeeintrags in den Tank (letzteres mittels eines Wärmetauschers oder einer anderen im Tank angeordneten Wärmequelle) eine Pumpe vorzusehen, mittels derer Betriebsstoff in der flüssigen Phase aus dem Tank entnommen und dem Verbraucher zugeführt werden kann. Dabei soll jedoch die Laufzeit dieser Pumpe auf die systemtechnisch notwendige Zeit beschränkt werden, nämlich auf denjenigen Zeitraum bzw. auf diejenigen Betriebszustände des Tanks bzw. gesamten Systems, in dem oder denen eine ausreichende Entnahme von in der gasförmigen Phase vorliegendem Betriebsstoff zur ausreichenden Versorgung des Verbrauchers nicht möglich ist.It is proposed, preferably instead of a targeted heat input into the tank or at least in addition to the possibility of targeted heat input into the tank (the latter by means of a heat exchanger or another heat source arranged in the tank) to provide a pump by means of which fuel in the liquid phase from the tank can be removed and supplied to the consumer. However, the duration of this pump should be limited to the system technically necessary time, namely on those period or on those operating conditions of the tank or entire system, in which or a sufficient removal of present in the gaseous phase fuel for adequate supply to the consumer not possible.

Im weiteren wird anstelle eines allgemeinen im Tank gespeicherten Betriebsstoffes nur noch von Wasserstoff als Betriebsstoff gesprochen, ohne die Erfindung auf diesen (bevorzugten) Anwendungsfall beschränken zu wollen. Verwiesen wird weiterhin auf das bekannte Druck-Dichte-Diagramm des Wasserstoffs insbesondere in der Umgebung des kritischen Punkts, welches beispielsweise in der eingangs genannten DE 10 2007 011 530 A1 in der dortigen 1 ausschnittsweise gezeigt ist.Furthermore, instead of a general fuel stored in the tank only spoken of hydrogen as fuel, without wishing to limit the invention to this (preferred) application. Reference is also made to the known pressure-density diagram of the hydrogen, in particular in the vicinity of the critical point, which, for example, in the aforementioned DE 10 2007 011 530 A1 in the local 1 is shown in part.

Im Stand der Technik wird angestrebt, den im Kryo-Drucktank gespeicherten Wasserstoff stets im überkritischen Zustand zu halten und insbesondere ein Abgleiten aus dem überkritischen Zustand in das Zweiphasengebiet zu vermeiden. Hierfür muss insbesondere dann, wenn eine größere Masse von Wasserstoff aus dem Tank entnommen wird und/oder wenn sich nur noch eine relativ geringe Masse von Wasserstoff im Tank befindet, eine nicht unbeachtliche Wärmemenge zusätzlich zum Wärmeübergang über die Tankwand in den Tank eingebracht werden. Mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Kryo-Drucktank-System ist dies nun nicht mehr notwendig. Es wird nämlich zugelassen, dass im Tank befindlicher Wasserstoff im Zweiphasengebiet vorliegt, d. h. dass sowohl gasförmiger als auch flüssiger Wasserstoff vorhanden ist. Solange sich dabei eine ausreichende Menge von gasförmigem Wasserstoff im Tank befindet, liegt dieser jedenfalls dann, wenn der Tank nicht nahezu geleert ist, mit ausreichend hohem Druck vor, so dass dieser Wasserstoff alleine durch das Druckgefälle gegenüber dem Verbraucher durch die Entnahmeleitung zum Verbraucher, vorzugsweise einer Brennstoffzelle, gelangt. In diesem Betriebszustand des Tanks muss die Pumpe somit nicht in Betrieb genommen werden, was nicht nur energetisch bzw. hinsichtlich des System-Wirkungsgrades vorteilhaft ist, sondern auch deren Lebensdauer erhöht. In the prior art, the aim is always to keep the hydrogen stored in the cryopressure tank in the supercritical state and, in particular, to avoid slippage from the supercritical state into the two-phase region. For this purpose, in particular, when a larger mass of hydrogen is removed from the tank and / or if there is only a relatively small mass of hydrogen in the tank, a not inconsiderable amount of heat in addition to the heat transfer through the tank wall into the tank. With a cryogenic pressure tank system according to the invention, this is no longer necessary. It is admitted that hydrogen present in the tank is present in the two-phase area, ie that both gaseous and liquid hydrogen are present. As long as there is a sufficient amount of gaseous hydrogen in the tank, this is in any case when the tank is not nearly emptied, with sufficiently high pressure, so that this hydrogen alone by the pressure drop across the consumer through the sampling line to the consumer, preferably a fuel cell, passes. In this operating state of the tank, the pump must therefore not be put into operation, which is not only advantageous in terms of energy or in terms of system efficiency, but also increases their life.

Ob im jeweiligen Betriebszustand und Füllzustand des Tanks eine ausreichende Menge von Wasserstoff in der gasförmigen Phase vorliegt, kann von einer elektronischen Steuereinheit in erster Näherung aus den aktuellen und zurückliegenden Werten von Druck und Temperatur im Tank, die fortlaufend gemessen und protokolliert werden, abgeleitet werden. Diese elektronische Steuereinheit ist im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 als Überwachungseinheit bezeichnet. Zur Steigerung der Aussagegenauigkeit über die in der gasförmigen Phase und in der flüssigen Phase vorliegenden Anteile des im Tank befindlichen Wasserstoffs kann im Tank eine dem Fachmann grundsätzlich bekannte Füllstandsonde vorgesehen sein, mit welcher der Anteil des in der flüssigen Phase vorliegenden Wasserstoffs beispielsweise kapazitiv gemessen werden kann. Indem über das bereits genannte Druck-Dichte-Diagramm aus den aktuellen Messwerten für Druck und Temperatur die Masse des im Tank befindlichen Wasserstoffs feststeht, kann aus dem gemessen in der flüssigen Phase vorliegendem Anteil einfach auf die Masse des in der gasförmigen Phase vorliegenden Anteils geschlossen werden. Weiterhin sind selbstverständlich der aktuelle sowie der maximal mögliche Wasserstoff-Verbrauch der mit dem Wasserstoff (allgemein dem Betriebsstoff) versorgten Brennstoffzelle (allgemein des Verbrauchers) bekannt, so dass aus diesen vorliegenden Daten einfach ableitbar ist, ob eine ausreichende Versorgung der Brennstoffzelle mit in der gasförmigen Phase vorliegendem Betriebsstoff noch gewährleistet ist. Fall letzteres nicht eindeutig bejaht werden kann, kann die Pumpe erfindungsgemäß in Betrieb genommen werden, um zusätzlich zum gasförmig vorliegenden Wasserstoff auch flüssigen Wasserstoff in die Entnahmeleitung zu fördern.Whether a sufficient amount of hydrogen in the gaseous phase is present in the respective operating state and filling state of the tank can be derived by an electronic control unit in a first approximation from the current and past values of pressure and temperature in the tank, which are continuously measured and logged. This electronic control unit is referred to in the characterizing part of claim 1 as a monitoring unit. To increase the accuracy of the statement about the present in the gaseous phase and in the liquid phase fractions of the hydrogen in the tank can be provided in the tank a well-known to those skilled level probe, with which the proportion of present in the liquid phase hydrogen, for example, can be measured capacitively , By determining the mass of the hydrogen present in the tank via the pressure-density diagram already mentioned from the current measured values for pressure and temperature, it is possible to simply infer the mass of the fraction present in the gaseous phase from the fraction present in the liquid phase , Furthermore, of course, the current and the maximum possible hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen (generally the fuel) supplied fuel cell (generally the consumer) are known, so that from these available data is easily derivable, whether an adequate supply of the fuel cell with in the gaseous Phase of existing fuel is still guaranteed. If the latter can not be clearly answered in the affirmative, the pump can be put into operation according to the invention in order, in addition to the hydrogen present in gaseous form, to also convey liquid hydrogen into the withdrawal line.

Vorzugsweise kann die besagte Pumpe innerhalb des Kryo-Drucktanks angeordnet sein und elektromotorisch angetrieben werden. Vorteilhafterweise kann dabei die Abwärme des elektromotorischen Antriebs an den im Tank gespeicherten Wasserstoff/Betriebsstoff abgegeben werden, so dass mit einem Pumpen-Betrieb gleichzeitig ein Wärmeeintrag in den Tank stattfindet, welcher die notwendige Dauer des Pumpen-Betriebs reduzieren kann. Grundsätzlich kann im übrigen neben einer erfindungsgemäß betriebenen Pumpe zusätzlich eine Wärmequelle oder Heizvorrichtung im Kryo-Drucktank vorgesehen sein, mit welcher auf bekannte Weise der Anteil von gasförmigem Wasserstoff im Tank höher gehalten werden kann. Dabei kann die maximal mögliche Leistungsabgabe dieser Wärmequelle wesentlich geringer als im Stand der Technik ausgelegt sein, da die eingebrachte Wärmeleistung nunmehr nur noch zur Aufrechterhaltung eines Mindestdruckes im Kryo-Drucktank, jedoch nicht mehr zur Vermeidung der Verflüssigung von gasförmigem Wasserstoff zu bemessen ist. Insbesondere kann daher die Wärmequelle auch durch die Verlustwärme der im Tank installierten Pumpe dargestellt sein, welche zur Erzeugung einer ausreichenden Wärmemenge auch im gesteuerten Stillstand betrieben werden kann, d. h. solchermaßen angesteuert werden kann, dass keine Förderung erfolgt, sondern lediglich Wärme in den elektrischen Wicklungen des die Pumpe antreibenden Elektromotors erzeugt wird.Preferably, said pump may be disposed within the cryogenic pressure tank and driven by an electric motor. Advantageously, the waste heat of the electromotive drive can be delivered to the stored hydrogen / fuel in the tank, so that at the same time a heat input into the tank takes place with a pump operation, which can reduce the necessary duration of the pump operation. In principle, in addition to a pump operated according to the invention, a heat source or heating device may additionally be provided in the cryogenic pressure tank with which the proportion of gaseous hydrogen in the tank can be kept higher in a known manner. The maximum possible output of this heat source can be designed much lower than in the prior art, since the introduced heat output now only to maintain a minimum pressure in the cryogenic pressure tank, but not to measure the liquefaction of gaseous hydrogen is to be measured. In particular, therefore, the heat source can also be represented by the heat loss of the pump installed in the tank, which can be operated to produce a sufficient amount of heat in the controlled standstill, d. H. can be controlled in such a way that no promotion takes place, but only heat is generated in the electrical windings of the pump driving the electric motor.

Um möglicherweise von der Pumpe in der Entnahmeleitung hervorgerufene Druck-Pulsationen zu vermeiden, kann auch zur Vergleichmäßigung des Massenstromes in der zunächst nur den in der gasförmigen Phase vorliegenden Wasserstoff letztlich zur Brennstoffzelle führenden Entnahmeleitung stromab der Einmündung einer von der Förderseite der Pumpe abgehenden Förderleitung eine Druckausgleichsvorrichtung vorgesehen sein, welche beispielsweise durch einen Druckausgleichsbehälter und einen Druckregler gebildet ist. Vorzugsweise liegt die genannte Einmündung der Pumpen-Förderleitung stromauf eines in der zum Verbraucher führenden Entnahmeleitung vorgesehenen Wärmetauschers, in dem die Temperatur des zuzuführenden Wasserstoffs auf eine gewünschte Höhe gebracht wird.In order to avoid pressure pulsations possibly caused by the pump in the withdrawal line, a pressure equalization device can also be provided for equalizing the mass flow in the extraction line initially leading only to the hydrogen present in the gaseous phase to the fuel cell leading downstream of the junction of a delivery line leaving the delivery side of the pump be provided, which is formed for example by a pressure equalization tank and a pressure regulator. Preferably, said outlet of the pump delivery line is located upstream of a heat exchanger provided in the consumer discharge line, in which the temperature of the supplied hydrogen is brought to a desired level.

In einem (nicht figürlich dargestellten) Ausführungsbeispiel kann die elektrisch betriebene Pumpe als Membrankolbenpumpe mit Federbalgmembran aus austenitischem Edelstahl, vorzugsweise aus Edelstahl 347L, auch aus PCTFE, PTFE oder Zirkonoxid ausgebildet sein. Alternativ kann es sich um eine Kolbenpumpe mit Kolben und Zylinder aus Zirkonoxid (wegen geringer Wärmedehnung), PCTFE, PTFE (wegen guter tribologischer Eigenschaften), Siliziumnitrid oder austenitischem Edelstahl bestehende Pumpe handeln. Die innerhalb des Tanks angeordnete Pumpe wird durch umgebenden flüssigen Wasserstoff gekühlt. Die elektrischen Zuleitungen zur Pumpe sowie die Pumpe selbst sind vorzugsweise explosionsgeschützt ausgeführt, d. h. es ist eine Führung der elektrischen Leitungen innerhalb des Tanks getrennt in metallischen Rohren vorgesehen und es sind Hohlräume der elektrischen Komponenten der Pumpe vorzugsweise mit Kunststoff vergossen.In an embodiment (not shown figuratively), the electrically operated pump as a diaphragm piston pump with bellows diaphragm made of austenitic stainless steel, preferably made of stainless steel 347L, also from PCTFE, PTFE or Zirconia be formed. Alternatively, it may be a piston pump with piston and cylinder of zirconia (due to low thermal expansion), PCTFE, PTFE (due to good tribological properties), silicon nitride or austenitic stainless steel existing pump. The pump located inside the tank is cooled by surrounding liquid hydrogen. The electrical supply lines to the pump and the pump itself are preferably designed explosion-proof, ie it is a guide of the electrical lines inside the tank provided separately in metallic pipes and there are cavities of the electrical components of the pump preferably molded with plastic.

ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature

  • EP 2217845 B1 [0002, 0003] EP 2217845 B1 [0002, 0003]
  • US 6708502 B1 [0002] US 6708502 B1 [0002]
  • DE 102007011530 [0002] DE 102007011530 [0002]
  • DE 102007011742 [0002] DE 102007011742 [0002]
  • DE 102007011530 A1 [0008] DE 102007011530 A1 [0008]

Claims (4)

Kryo-Drucktank-System eines Kraftfahrzeugs, welches zur Speicherung des für einen Verbraucher, insbesondere eine Brennstoffzelle vorgesehenen Betriebsstoffs, insbesondere Wasserstoff, in kryogenem Zustand unter überkritischem Druck bei 13 bar oder mehr ausgelegt ist und wobei in der gasförmigen Phase vorliegender Betriebsstoff alleine unter Wirkung des Druckgefälles gegenüber dem Verbraucher in eine vom Tank zum Verbraucher führende Entnahmeleitung gelangt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Pumpe vorgesehen ist, mittels derer in der flüssigen Phase im Kryo-Drucktank vorliegender Betriebsstoff der Entnahmeleitung zuführbar ist, und dass diese Pumpe dann in Betrieb genommen wird, wenn eine die Zusammensetzung des im Tank gespeicherten Betriebsstoffs hinsichtlich des in der flüssigen Phase und in der gasförmigen Phase vorliegenden Anteils zumindest grob analysierende elektronische Überwachungseinheit feststellt, dass eine ausreichende Versorgung des Verbrauchers alleine mit in der gasförmigen Phase vorliegendem Betriebsstoff nicht gewährleistet ist.Cryogenic pressure tank system of a motor vehicle, which is designed for storing the intended for a consumer, in particular a fuel cell operating material, in particular hydrogen, in a cryogenic state under supercritical pressure at 13 bar or more and wherein present in the gaseous phase fuel alone under the effect of Pressure gradient reaches the consumer in a leading from the tank to the consumer sampling line, characterized in that a pump is provided, by means of which in the liquid phase present in the cryogenic pressure tank fuel supply line can be fed, and that this pump is then put into operation, if an electronic monitoring unit which at least roughly analyzes the composition of the fuel stored in the tank, with respect to the proportion present in the liquid phase and in the gaseous phase, determines that sufficient supply to the consumer is provided solely in FIG the gaseous phase of existing fuel is not guaranteed. Kryo-Drucktank-System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Pumpe innerhalb des Tanks angeordnet und elektromotorisch angetrieben wird.Cryogenic pressure tank system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pump is arranged inside the tank and driven by an electric motor. Kryo-Drucktank-System nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mittels einer Heizvorrichtung dem gespeicherten Betriebsstoff Wärme zuführbar ist.Cryogenic pressure tank system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that heat can be supplied to the stored operating material by means of a heating device. Kryo-Drucktank-System nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Entnahmeleitung stromab der Einmündung einer von der Förderseite der Pumpe abgehenden Förderleitung eine Druckausgleichsvorrichtung vorgesehen ist.Cryogenic pressure tank system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pressure compensation device is provided in the withdrawal line downstream of the junction of a discharge line extending from the delivery side of the pump.
DE201210210067 2012-06-14 2012-06-14 Cryo-pressure tank system for motor vehicle for storing hydrogen in cryogenic condition under supercritical pressure, has pump, by which operating fluid of extraction line supplied in liquid phase in cryo-pressure tank Withdrawn DE102012210067A1 (en)

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