EP1642062A1 - Storage system for cryogenic media - Google Patents

Storage system for cryogenic media

Info

Publication number
EP1642062A1
EP1642062A1 EP04740436A EP04740436A EP1642062A1 EP 1642062 A1 EP1642062 A1 EP 1642062A1 EP 04740436 A EP04740436 A EP 04740436A EP 04740436 A EP04740436 A EP 04740436A EP 1642062 A1 EP1642062 A1 EP 1642062A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
storage
pressure
storage system
storage container
medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04740436A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1642062B1 (en
Inventor
Robert Adler
Wilfried-Henning Reese
Jaco Reijerkerk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP1642062A1 publication Critical patent/EP1642062A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1642062B1 publication Critical patent/EP1642062B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a storage system, in particular for storing a cryogenic medium.
  • the invention further relates to the use of a storage system according to one of the preceding claims as a storage system for vehicles of all kinds.
  • cryogenic media should also be understood to mean compressed and liquefied natural gas.
  • Hydrogen and natural gas in particular are becoming increasingly important as an energy source due to increasing energy requirements and increased environmental awareness.
  • Trucks, buses, cars and locomotives are already powered by natural gas or hydrogen-powered engines and by combinations of fuel cells and electric motors.
  • the first attempts are underway to power planes using the media mentioned.
  • the storage of hydrogen or natural gas "on board" the above-mentioned means of transport is most sensible in liquid form.
  • the hydrogen and LNG have to be cooled to about 25 K and 112 K and kept at this temperature - which can only be achieved with appropriate insulation measures on the storage containers or tanks - storage is in a gaseous state due to the low level Density of GH 2 and CNG is generally less favorable in the above-mentioned modes of transport, since the storage must take place in large-volume and heavy storage containers at high pressures.
  • the first problem concerns the shape of the storage tank, which has to be either round or cylindrical due to the required pressure resistance.
  • the working pressure of a motor vehicle storage system is, for example, 2 to 3 bar
  • the storage container is to be designed for at least 5 to 6 bar, so that - and this will be discussed in more detail below - an acceptable service life can be achieved.
  • the designs of the storage containers for cryogenic media that have been implemented so far do not meet the requirements of the motor vehicle industry, which in particular requires or favors flatter storage container or tank shapes due to the specified installation options.
  • the second problem already mentioned concerns the topic of long-term storage. Even if the cryogenic storage container has a so-called superinsulation, it cannot be prevented that a residual heat flow, albeit small, remains in the stored medium; The consequence of this is that there is a slow rise in pressure in the stored cryogenic medium and thus in the storage container, that is to say a part of the liquid medium evaporates. If the cryogenic medium is not removed from the storage container over a longer period of time, the pressure rises continuously, with the result that when a certain pressure threshold value - to which the storage container is designed - the gaseous medium formed inside the storage container has to be blown off becomes. This part of the cryogenic medium is usually considered a loss.
  • the second store being designed as a pressure store, which is preceded by a device for increasing the pressure in terms of flow. If there is an increase in pressure in the first store above a preset pressure threshold value in this energy storage system, the cryogenic medium to be blown off is compressed by the device for increasing the pressure and supplied to the second store. As soon as the consumer to whom the energy storage system is assigned needs cryogenic medium, it is supplied either from the first or second storage.
  • the first storage device is still in the form of a low-temperature storage container - that is, it consists made of an inner and outer container and (super) insulation arranged between them.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a storage system, in particular for the storage of a cryogenic medium, which on the one hand enables a wide variety of storage container shapes to be implemented and on the other hand enables significantly improved long-term storage.
  • the storage system has a) a storage container suitable for storing a cryogenic medium, b) a feed line into the storage container, via which the medium to be stored is fed to the storage container, c) a liquid withdrawal line, via which the medium is fed to a consumer, and d) a cryocompressor arranged in the liquid withdrawal line, which compresses the medium to be supplied to the consumer.
  • cryogenic medium In contrast to the known storage systems, an almost pressure-free storage of the cryogenic medium is now also possible.
  • any shape can be selected for the storage container.
  • a reduction in the storage pressure also has the advantage that the amount of storage can be increased, since the medium to be stored has a higher density at lower pressure.
  • the cryocompressor arranged in the liquid withdrawal line of the storage container, the medium to be supplied to the consumer is compressed to the pressure required for the consumer.
  • cryocompressor is designed for compression to a pressure of at least 100 bar, preferably at least 500 bar.
  • the figure shows a storage system consisting of a first storage container S1, to which a feed line 1 is assigned, via which the medium to be stored is fed to it.
  • the storage container S1 also has a blow-off line 2, in which a safety valve (not shown in the figure) is arranged; this opens the line 2 when a preset pressure threshold value is reached.
  • an overflow line likewise not shown in the figure, is generally provided, which is connected upstream of the safety valve and is arranged parallel to the latter in terms of flow technology. This overflow line is set to a lower pressure than the safety valve.
  • liquid medium is removed from the storage container S1 via the liquid removal line (s) 3, 4, 5 and 6, compressed to the desired pressure in the cryocompressor K and then to the consumer (not shown in the figure), for example a (modified ) Internal combustion engine or a fuel cell - supplied.
  • a gas extraction line 7, 8 or 9 is provided, which is connected in terms of flow technology to the input of the cryocompressor K.
  • gaseous medium can also be removed and supplied to a consumer after compression in the cryocompressor K.
  • the removal of Gaseous medium from the storage container S1 via the gas extraction line (s) 7, 8 or 9 is particularly useful if either the consumer only requires a small mass flow of the stored medium or - for example after a long standing time - there is already a significant increase in pressure the storage container S1 has come.
  • a pressure storage tank S2 is provided, which can be connected or connected to the pressure side of the cryocompressor K via the lines 11 and 10, in which a valve d is arranged. Furthermore, the two storage containers S1 and S2 are connected or connectable to one another via the lines 7, 13 and 12.
  • This pressure storage container S2 can be formed, for example, by one or more compressed gas cylinders; conventional compressed gas cylinders are designed up to 300 bar. High-pressure composite tanks for pressures up to 1000 bar and more are also suitable as pressure storage tanks.
  • cryocompressor K is driven hydraulically, since this is advantageous in addition to economic advantages, in particular for reasons of space.
  • the gaseous medium formed in the storage container S1 due to the unavoidable incidence of heat can be withdrawn via the gas extraction line (s) 7, 8 or 9, in the cryocompressor K Desired pressure - compressed to 100 to 500 bar, for example, and then fed via lines 5, 10 and 11 to the pressure storage tank S2.
  • the gaseous medium occurring in the storage container S1 therefore no longer has to be released to the atmosphere via the blow-off line 2, but can be temporarily stored in the pressure storage container S2.
  • cryocompressor K is preferably operatively connected to a pressure control which controls the compression of the medium flowing out of the storage container S1 via the gas extraction line (s) 7, 8 or 9.
  • the pressure storage container S2 can now serve as a reserve container from which, if no medium has been supplied to the consumer over a long period of time and the storage container S1 has been emptied, the required medium is supplied until the next refueling process.
  • the consumer can be started without the cryocompressor K being switched on.
  • the pressure storage container S2 can be switched on and the required remaining amount drawn off from it for a transition period and supplied to the consumer.
  • cryocompressor K can also be "supplied" with gaseous medium during the starting process - in addition to liquid.
  • the storage system according to the invention can be used for a large number of very different media, but in particular for storing LH 2 , LNG, LN 2 , etc.
  • LH 2 low-density liquid crystal display
  • LNG low-density liquid crystal display
  • LN 2 low-density liquid crystal display

Abstract

Disclosed is a storage system, especially for storing a cryogenic medium. Said storage system comprises a) a storage container (S1) that is suitable for storing a cryogenic medium, b) a supply conduit (1) into the storage container (S1), via which the medium to be stored is delivered to the storage container (S1), c) a liquid withdrawing conduit (3, 4, 5, 6) via which the medium is delivered to a consumer, and d) a cryo compressor (K) that is disposed in the liquid withdrawing conduit (3, 4, 5, 6) and compresses the medium to be delivered to the consumer.

Description

Beschreibung description
Speichersvstem für kryogene MedienStorage system for cryogenic media
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Speichersystem, insbesondere für die Speicherung eines kryogenen Mediums.The invention relates to a storage system, in particular for storing a cryogenic medium.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner die Verwendung eines Speichersystems nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche als Speichersystem für Fahrzeuge jeder Art.The invention further relates to the use of a storage system according to one of the preceding claims as a storage system for vehicles of all kinds.
Im Folgenden werden bei den Bezeichnungen spezieller kryogener Medien entsprechend ihrem Aggregatzustand die Buchstaben "G" für "gasförmig" und "L" für "flüssig" bzw. "liquid" vorangestellt bzw. verwendet; also z. B. GH2 bzw. LH2 für gasförmigen bzw. flüssigen Wasserstoff. Des Weiteren werden die Begriffe "CIMG" und "LNG" für komprimiertes bzw. verflüssigtes Erdgas verwendet. Unter dem Begriff "kryogene Medien" seien im Folgenden auch komprimiertes sowie verflüssigtes Erdgas zu verstehen.In the following, the letters "G" for "gaseous" and "L" for "liquid" or "liquid" are preceded or used in the names of special cryogenic media according to their physical state; so z. B. GH 2 or LH 2 for gaseous or liquid hydrogen. The terms "CIMG" and "LNG" are also used for compressed and liquefied natural gas. In the following, the term "cryogenic media" should also be understood to mean compressed and liquefied natural gas.
Insbesondere Wasserstoff und Erdgas gewinnen gegenwärtig durch den steigenden Energiebedarf und das gestiegene Umweltbewusstsein als Energieträger zunehmend an Bedeutung. So werden bereits Lastkraftwagen, Busse, Personenkraftwagen und Lokomotiven mittels mit Erdgas- oder Wasserstoff-betriebenen Motoren sowie mittels Kombinationen aus Brennstoffzelle und Elektromotor angetrieben. Darüber hinaus sind erste Versuche im Gange, Flugzeuge mit den genannten Medien anzutreiben.Hydrogen and natural gas in particular are becoming increasingly important as an energy source due to increasing energy requirements and increased environmental awareness. Trucks, buses, cars and locomotives are already powered by natural gas or hydrogen-powered engines and by combinations of fuel cells and electric motors. In addition, the first attempts are underway to power planes using the media mentioned.
Die Speicherung des Wasserstoffs oder Erdgases "an Bord" der oben genannten Verkehrsmittel ist dabei in flüssiger Form am sinnvollsten. Zwar müssen der Wasserstoff und LNG dazu auf etwa 25 K bzw. 112 K abgekühlt und auf dieser Temperatur gehalten werden - was nur durch entsprechende Isoliermaßnahmen an den Speicherbehältern bzw. -tanks realisiert werden kann -, doch ist eine Speicherung in gasförmigem Zustand aufgrund der geringen Dichte von GH2 und CNG in der Regel in den obengenannten Verkehrsmitteln ungünstiger, da die Speicherung hierbei in großvolumigen und schweren Speicherbehältern bei hohen Drücken erfolgen muss. Bei der vorbeschriebenen Speicherung von kryogenen Medien stellen sich zwei grundsätzliche Probleme. Das erste Problem betrifft die Form des Speicherbehälters, der aufgrund der geforderten Druckresistenz entweder rund oder zylindrisch geformt - sein muss. Der Arbeitsdruck eines Kfz-Speichersystems beträgt beispielsweise 2 bis 3 bar, ist der Speicherbehälter auf wenigstens 5 bis 6 bar auszulegen, so dass - und hierauf wird im Folgenden noch näher eingegangen werden - eine akzeptable Standzeit erreicht werden kann. Die bisher realisierten Bauweisen der Speicherbehälter für kryogene Medien entsprechen jedoch nicht den Anforderungen der Kfz-Industrie, die aufgrund der vorgegebenen Einbaumöglichkeiten insbesondere flachere Speicherbehälter- bzw. Tankformen benötigt bzw. favorisiert.The storage of hydrogen or natural gas "on board" the above-mentioned means of transport is most sensible in liquid form. Although the hydrogen and LNG have to be cooled to about 25 K and 112 K and kept at this temperature - which can only be achieved with appropriate insulation measures on the storage containers or tanks - storage is in a gaseous state due to the low level Density of GH 2 and CNG is generally less favorable in the above-mentioned modes of transport, since the storage must take place in large-volume and heavy storage containers at high pressures. There are two fundamental problems with the storage of cryogenic media as described above. The first problem concerns the shape of the storage tank, which has to be either round or cylindrical due to the required pressure resistance. The working pressure of a motor vehicle storage system is, for example, 2 to 3 bar, the storage container is to be designed for at least 5 to 6 bar, so that - and this will be discussed in more detail below - an acceptable service life can be achieved. However, the designs of the storage containers for cryogenic media that have been implemented so far do not meet the requirements of the motor vehicle industry, which in particular requires or favors flatter storage container or tank shapes due to the specified installation options.
Das bereits angesprochene, zweite Problem betrifft das Thema Langzeitspeicherung. Selbst dann, wenn der kryogene Speicherbehälter eine sog. Superisolation aufweist, kann nicht verhindert werden, dass ein wenn auch geringer Restwärmestrom in das gespeicherte Medium verbleibt; dieser hat zur Folge, dass es zu einem langsamen Druckanstieg in dem gespeicherten kryogenen Medium und damit in dem Speicherbehälter kommt, also ein Teil des flüssigen Mediums verdampft. Erfolgt über einen längeren Zeitraum keine Entnahme von kryogenem Medium aus dem Speicherbehälter, steigt der Druck fortwährend an, was zur Folge hat, dass bei Erreichen eines bestimmten Druckschwellenwerts - auf den der Speicherbehälter ausgelegt ist - ein Abblasen des im Inneren des Speicherbehälters gebildeten gasförmigen Mediums erforderlich wird. Dieser Teil des kryogenen Mediums ist im Regelfall als Verlust anzusehen. Aus der DE-PS 100 21 681 ist ein Energiespeichersystem mit zwei miteinander verbundenen Speichern bekannt, wobei der zweite Speicher als Druckspeicher, dem eine Einrichtung zur Druckerhöhung strömungstechnisch vorgeschaltet ist, ausgebildet ist. Kommt es bei diesem Energiespeichersystem zu einem Druckanstieg in dem ersten Speicher über einen voreingestellten Druckschwellenwert, so wird das abzublasende kryogene Medium mittels der Einrichtung zur Druckerhöhung komprimiert und dem zweiten Speicher zugeführt. Sobald der Verbraucher, dem das Energiespeichersystem zugeordnet ist, kryogenes Medium benötigt, wird er entweder aus dem ersten oder zweiten Speicher versorgt. Bei diesem Energiespeichersystem ist der erste Speicher jedoch nach wie vor in Form eines Tieftemperaturspeicherbehälters - also bestehend aus einem Innen- und Außenbehälter sowie dazwischen angeordneter (Super) Isolation - ausgebildet.The second problem already mentioned concerns the topic of long-term storage. Even if the cryogenic storage container has a so-called superinsulation, it cannot be prevented that a residual heat flow, albeit small, remains in the stored medium; The consequence of this is that there is a slow rise in pressure in the stored cryogenic medium and thus in the storage container, that is to say a part of the liquid medium evaporates. If the cryogenic medium is not removed from the storage container over a longer period of time, the pressure rises continuously, with the result that when a certain pressure threshold value - to which the storage container is designed - the gaseous medium formed inside the storage container has to be blown off becomes. This part of the cryogenic medium is usually considered a loss. From DE-PS 100 21 681 an energy storage system with two interconnected stores is known, the second store being designed as a pressure store, which is preceded by a device for increasing the pressure in terms of flow. If there is an increase in pressure in the first store above a preset pressure threshold value in this energy storage system, the cryogenic medium to be blown off is compressed by the device for increasing the pressure and supplied to the second store. As soon as the consumer to whom the energy storage system is assigned needs cryogenic medium, it is supplied either from the first or second storage. In this energy storage system, however, the first storage device is still in the form of a low-temperature storage container - that is, it consists made of an inner and outer container and (super) insulation arranged between them.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Speichersystem, insbesondere für die Speicherung eines kryogenen Mediums anzugeben, das zum einen die Realisierung unterschiedlichster Speicherbehälterformen und zum anderen eine deutlich verbesserte Langzeitspeicherung ermöglicht.The object of the present invention is to provide a storage system, in particular for the storage of a cryogenic medium, which on the one hand enables a wide variety of storage container shapes to be implemented and on the other hand enables significantly improved long-term storage.
Das erfindungsgemäße Speichersystem weist a) einen für die Speicherung eines kryogenen Mediums geeigneten Speicherbehälter, b) eine Zuleitung in den Speicherbehälter, über die dem Speicherbehälter das zu speichernde Medium zugeführt wird, c) einer Flüssigentnahmeleitung, über die das Medium einem Verbraucher zugeführt wird, und d) einen in der Flüssigentnahmeleitung angeordneten Kryokompressor, der das dem Verbraucher zuzuführende Medium verdichtet, auf.The storage system according to the invention has a) a storage container suitable for storing a cryogenic medium, b) a feed line into the storage container, via which the medium to be stored is fed to the storage container, c) a liquid withdrawal line, via which the medium is fed to a consumer, and d) a cryocompressor arranged in the liquid withdrawal line, which compresses the medium to be supplied to the consumer.
Im Gegensatz zu den bekannten Speichersystemen ist nunmehr auch eine nahezu drucklose Speicherung des kryogenen Mediums möglich. Somit kann im Prinzip jede beliebige Form für den Speicherbehälter gewählt werden. Eine Verringerung des Speicherdruckes hat zudem den Vorteil, dass die Speichermenge erhöht werden kann, da das zu speichernde Medium bei niedrigerem Druck eine höhere Dichte aufweist.In contrast to the known storage systems, an almost pressure-free storage of the cryogenic medium is now also possible. In principle, any shape can be selected for the storage container. A reduction in the storage pressure also has the advantage that the amount of storage can be increased, since the medium to be stored has a higher density at lower pressure.
Mittels des in der Flüssigentnahmeleitung des Speicherbehälters angeordneten Kryokompressors wird das dem Verbraucher zuzuführende Medium auf den für den Verbraucher erforderlichen Druck verdichtet.By means of the cryocompressor arranged in the liquid withdrawal line of the storage container, the medium to be supplied to the consumer is compressed to the pressure required for the consumer.
Entsprechend einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßenAccording to an advantageous embodiment of the invention
Speichersystems ist der Kryokompressor für eine Verdichtung auf einen Druck von wenigstens 100 bar, vorzugsweise wenigstens 500 bar ausgelegt.Storage system, the cryocompressor is designed for compression to a pressure of at least 100 bar, preferably at least 500 bar.
Bei der Versorgung von modifizierten Verbrennungsmotoren mit Wasserstoff lassen sich hiermit Betriebsweisen ähnlich dem sog. Common-Rail-Verfahren realisieren. Wasserstoff wird dabei beispielweise auf 100 bar in eine Leitung mit parallel geschalteten Einlassventilen (Common-Rail) hinein verdichtet. Die Druckerzeugung durch den Kryokompressor und die Kraftstoffeinspritzung sind voneinander getrennt. Der Einspritzdruck wird unabhängig von der Motordrehzahl und der Einpspritzmenge durch den Kryokompressor erzeugt.When supplying modified internal combustion engines with hydrogen, operating modes similar to the so-called common rail process can be implemented in this way. For example, hydrogen is compressed to 100 bar in a line with inlet valves connected in parallel (common rail). The pressure generation by the cryocompressor and the fuel injection are separate. The injection pressure is generated by the cryocompressor regardless of the engine speed and the injection quantity.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Speichersystems sind Gegenstände der abhängigen Patentansprüche.Further advantageous refinements of the storage system according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Das erfindungsgemäße Speichersystem sowie weitere Ausgestaltungen desselben seien nachfolgend anhand des in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The storage system according to the invention and further refinements thereof are explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiment shown in the figure.
Die Figur zeigt ein Speichersystem, bestehend aus einem ersten Speicherbehälter S1 , dem eine Zuführleitung 1 , über die ihm das zu speichernde Medium zugeführt wird, zugeordnet ist. Der Speicherbehälter S1 weist ferner eine Abblasleitung 2 auf, in der ein in der Figur nicht dargestelltes Sicherheitsventil angeordnet ist; dieses öffnet bei Erreichen eines voreingestellten Druckschwellenwertes die Leitung 2. Ferner ist im Regelfall eine ebenfalls in der Figur nicht dargestellte Überströmleitung vorgesehen, die dem Sicherheitsventil vorgeschaltet und strömungstechnisch parallel zu diesem angeordnet ist. Diese Überströmleitung ist auf einen niedrigeren Druck als das Sicherheitsventil eingestellt.The figure shows a storage system consisting of a first storage container S1, to which a feed line 1 is assigned, via which the medium to be stored is fed to it. The storage container S1 also has a blow-off line 2, in which a safety valve (not shown in the figure) is arranged; this opens the line 2 when a preset pressure threshold value is reached. Furthermore, an overflow line, likewise not shown in the figure, is generally provided, which is connected upstream of the safety valve and is arranged parallel to the latter in terms of flow technology. This overflow line is set to a lower pressure than the safety valve.
Über die Flüssigentnahmeleitung(en) 3, 4, 5 und 6 wird bei geöffneten Ventilen a und b flüssiges Medium aus dem Speicherbehälter S1 entnommen, im Kryokompressor K auf den gewünschten Druck verdichtet und anschließend dem in der Figur nicht dargestellten Verbraucher - beispielsweise einem (modifizierten) Verbrennungsmotor oder einer Brennstoffzelle - zugeführt.With the valves a and b open, liquid medium is removed from the storage container S1 via the liquid removal line (s) 3, 4, 5 and 6, compressed to the desired pressure in the cryocompressor K and then to the consumer (not shown in the figure), for example a (modified ) Internal combustion engine or a fuel cell - supplied.
Ferner ist eine Gasentnahmeleitung 7, 8 bzw. 9 vorgesehen, die strömungstechnisch mit dem Eingang des Kryokompressors K verbunden ist.Furthermore, a gas extraction line 7, 8 or 9 is provided, which is connected in terms of flow technology to the input of the cryocompressor K.
Somit kann zusätzlich oder alternativ zu der Entnahme von flüssigem Medium aus dem Speicherbehälter S1 auch gasförmiges Medium entnommen und nach der Verdichtung im Kryokompressor K einem Verbraucher zugeführt werden. Die Entnahme von gasförmigem Medium aus dem Speicherbehälter S1 über die Gasentnahmeleitung(en) 7, 8 bzw. 9 ist insbesondere dann sinnvoll, wenn entweder der Verbraucher lediglich einen geringen Massenstrom des gespeicherten Mediums benötigt oder es - beispielsweise nach einer längeren Standzeit - bereits zu einen deutlichen Druckanstieg in dem Speicherbehälter S1 gekommen ist.Thus, in addition or as an alternative to the removal of liquid medium from the storage container S1, gaseous medium can also be removed and supplied to a consumer after compression in the cryocompressor K. The removal of Gaseous medium from the storage container S1 via the gas extraction line (s) 7, 8 or 9 is particularly useful if either the consumer only requires a small mass flow of the stored medium or - for example after a long standing time - there is already a significant increase in pressure the storage container S1 has come.
Neben dem Speicherbehälter S1 ist ein Druckspeicherbehälter S2 vorgesehen, der über die Leitungen 11 und 10, in denen ein Ventil d angeordnet ist, mit der Druckseite des Kryokompressors K verbunden bzw. verbindbar ist. Ferner sind die beiden Speicherbehälter S1 und S2 über die Leitungen 7, 13 und 12 miteinander verbunden bzw. verbindbar.In addition to the storage tank S1, a pressure storage tank S2 is provided, which can be connected or connected to the pressure side of the cryocompressor K via the lines 11 and 10, in which a valve d is arranged. Furthermore, the two storage containers S1 and S2 are connected or connectable to one another via the lines 7, 13 and 12.
Diese Druckspeicherbehälter S2 kann beispielsweise durch eine oder mehrere Druckgasflaschen gebildet werden; konventionelle Druckgasflaschen sind heutzutage bis 300 bar ausgelegt. Aber auch Höchstdruck- Verbundbehälter für Drücke bis 1000 bar und mehr eignen sich als Druckspeicherbehälter.This pressure storage container S2 can be formed, for example, by one or more compressed gas cylinders; conventional compressed gas cylinders are designed up to 300 bar. High-pressure composite tanks for pressures up to 1000 bar and more are also suitable as pressure storage tanks.
Insbesondere dann, wenn das erfindungsgemäße Speichersystem in einem Kraftfahrzeug eingesetzt wird, ist es von Vorteil, wenn der Kryokompressor K hydraulisch angetrieben wird, da dies neben wirtschaftlichen Vorteilen insbesondere aus Platzgründen von Vorteil ist.In particular, if the storage system according to the invention is used in a motor vehicle, it is advantageous if the cryocompressor K is driven hydraulically, since this is advantageous in addition to economic advantages, in particular for reasons of space.
Wird dem Verbraucher - aus welchen Gründen auch immer - kein im Speicherbehälter S1 gespeichertes Medium zugeführt, so kann das im Speicherbehälter S1 aufgrund des unvermeidbaren Wärmeeinfalles gebildete gasförmige Medium über die Gasentnahmeleitung(en) 7, 8 bzw. 9 abgezogen, im Kryokompressor K auf den gewünschten Druck - beispielsweise auf 100 bis 500 bar verdichtet und anschließend über die Leitungen 5, 10 und 11 dem Druckspeicherbehälter S2 zugeführt werden. Das im Speicherbehälter S1 anfallende gasförmige Medium muss somit nicht mehr über die Abblasleitung 2 an die Atmosphäre abgegeben werden, sondern kann in dem Druckspeicherbehälter S2 zwischengespeichert werden.If, for whatever reason, the consumer is not supplied with any medium stored in the storage container S1, the gaseous medium formed in the storage container S1 due to the unavoidable incidence of heat can be withdrawn via the gas extraction line (s) 7, 8 or 9, in the cryocompressor K Desired pressure - compressed to 100 to 500 bar, for example, and then fed via lines 5, 10 and 11 to the pressure storage tank S2. The gaseous medium occurring in the storage container S1 therefore no longer has to be released to the atmosphere via the blow-off line 2, but can be temporarily stored in the pressure storage container S2.
Zur Realisierung der vorgeschriebenen Verfahrensweise ist der Kryokompressor K vorzugsweise mit einer Druckregelung wirkungsverbunden, welche die Kompression des über die Gasentnahmeleitung(en) 7, 8 bzw. 9 aus dem Speicherbehälter S1 abströmendem Mediums regelt.In order to implement the prescribed procedure, the cryocompressor K is preferably operatively connected to a pressure control which controls the compression of the medium flowing out of the storage container S1 via the gas extraction line (s) 7, 8 or 9.
Dies bedeutet, dass immer dann, wenn im Speicherbehälter S1 ein bestimmter Druckwert erreicht ist, die Ventile c und d geöffnet werden, so dass gasförmiges Medium dem Kryokompressor K zugeführt, in ihm verdichtet und anschließend im Druckspeicherbehälter S2 zugeführt werden kann.This means that whenever a certain pressure value is reached in the storage container S1, the valves c and d are opened, so that gaseous medium can be fed to the cryocompressor K, compressed therein and then fed into the pressure storage container S2.
Der Druckspeicherbehälter S2 kann nunmehr als Reservebehälter dienen, aus dem, wenn dem Verbraucher über einen längeren Zeitraum kein Medium zugeführt wurde und der Speicherbehälter S1 entleert ist, eine Versorgung mit dem benötigten Medium bis zum nächsten Betankungsvorgang erfolgt.The pressure storage container S2 can now serve as a reserve container from which, if no medium has been supplied to the consumer over a long period of time and the storage container S1 has been emptied, the required medium is supplied until the next refueling process.
Zudem kann - sofern der Druck im Druckspeicherbehälter S2 ausreichend hoch ist - ein Startbetrieb des Verbrauchers ohne Einschaltung des Kryokompressors K realisiert werden.In addition, if the pressure in the pressure storage container S2 is sufficiently high, the consumer can be started without the cryocompressor K being switched on.
Auch kann während der Startphase des Kryokompressors K, solange dieser nicht den erforderlichen Medienmassenstrom aus dem Speicherbehälter S1 bereitstellen kann, der Druckspeicherbehälter S2 zugeschaltet und aus ihm für eine Übergangszeit die benötigte Restmenge abgezogen und dem Verbraucher zugeführt werden.Also, during the start-up phase of the cryocompressor K, as long as the cryocompressor K cannot provide the required media mass flow from the storage container S1, the pressure storage container S2 can be switched on and the required remaining amount drawn off from it for a transition period and supplied to the consumer.
Auch dann, wenn das erfindungsgemäße Speichersystem nach einer Stillstandszeit wieder in Betrieb genommen werden soll, bietet es gegenüber dem bekannten Stand der Technik Vorteile. Während bisher in den Speicherbehältern Vorrichtungen zur Druckerhöhung vorgesehen sein mussten - hierzu wurden beispielsweise elektrische Heizungen verwendet -, wird nunmehr der Druckspeicherbehälter S2 über die Leitungen 12, 13 und 7 bei geöffnetem Ventil e mit dem Speicherbehälter S1 strömungstechnisch verbunden. Das aus dem Druckspeicherbehälter S2 in den Speicherbehälter S1 strömende verdichtete Medium führt in dem Speicherbehälter S1 zu einer ausreichenden Druckerhöhung, so dass sichergestellt ist, dass der Kryokompressor K im Startbetrieb ausschließlich mit Flüssigkeit versorgt wird.Even if the storage system according to the invention is to be put back into operation after a downtime, it offers advantages over the known prior art. While previously devices for increasing the pressure had to be provided in the storage tanks - for example, electrical heaters were used for this purpose - the pressure storage tank S2 is now connected to the storage tank S1 in terms of flow technology via lines 12, 13 and 7 with valve e open. The compressed medium flowing from the pressure storage container S2 into the storage container S1 leads to a sufficient pressure increase in the storage container S1, so that it is ensured that the cryocompressor K is supplied exclusively with liquid in the starting mode.
Darüber hinaus kann der Kryokompressor K jedoch auch während des Startvorganges - neben Flüssigkeit - mit gasförmigem Medium "versorgt" werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Speichersystem schafft eine Vielzahl von Vorteilen gegenüber dem bekannten Stand der Technik, die nachfolgend nochmals stichpunktartig aufgeführt sind:In addition, the cryocompressor K can also be "supplied" with gaseous medium during the starting process - in addition to liquid. The storage system according to the invention creates a multitude of advantages over the known prior art, which are listed again briefly below:
Standzeitverlängerung erhöhte Speichereffizienz niedrigere Speicherdrücke und damit die Möglichkeit, formoptimierte Speicherbehälter zu realisieren - Reservetank in Form eines Druckspeicherbehälters Startbetrieb des Kryokompressors und Startbetrieb des Kfz über DruckspeicherbehälterExtended service life increased storage efficiency lower storage pressures and thus the possibility to realize shape-optimized storage tanks - reserve tank in the form of a pressure storage tank Start operation of the cryocompressor and start operation of the vehicle via pressure storage tanks
Das erfindungsgemäße Speichersystem ist für eine Vielzahl unterschiedlichster Medien, insbesondere jedoch für die Speicherung von LH2, LNG, LN2, etc. einsetzbar. Neben der bereits beschriebenen Anwendung im Kfz-Bereich ist seine Realisierung in den unterschiedlichsten mobilen sowie nicht-mobilen Anwendungsfällen denkbar. The storage system according to the invention can be used for a large number of very different media, but in particular for storing LH 2 , LNG, LN 2 , etc. In addition to the application already described in the automotive sector, its implementation in a wide variety of mobile and non-mobile applications is conceivable.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Speichersystem, insbesondere für die Speicherung eines kryogenen Mediums, aufweisend a) einen für die Speicherung eines kryogenen Mediums geeigneten Speicherbehälter (S1), b) eine Zuleitung (1) in den Speicherbehälter (S1), über die dem Speicherbehälter (S1) das zu speichernde Medium zugeführt wird, c) einer Flüssigentnahmeleitung (3, 4, 5, 6), über die das Medium einem Verbraucher zugeführt wird, und d) einen in der Flüssigentnahmeleitung (3, 4, 5, 6) angeordneten Kryokompressor (K), der das dem Verbraucher zuzuführende Medium verdichtet.1. Storage system, in particular for the storage of a cryogenic medium, comprising a) a storage container (S1) suitable for the storage of a cryogenic medium, b) a feed line (1) into the storage container (S1), via which the storage container (S1) medium to be stored is fed, c) a liquid withdrawal line (3, 4, 5, 6) via which the medium is fed to a consumer, and d) a cryocompressor (K) arranged in the liquid withdrawal line (3, 4, 5, 6) , which compresses the medium to be supplied to the consumer.
2. Speichersystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Speicherbehälter (S1) eine Gasentnahmeleitung (7, 8, 9) ausweist, die strömungstechnisch mit dem Eingang des Kryokompressors (K) verbunden ist.2. Storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the storage container (S1) has a gas extraction line (7, 8, 9) which is fluidically connected to the input of the cryocompressor (K).
3. Speichersystem nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Speichersystem einen Druckspeicherbehälter (S2) aufweist, der mit der Druckseite des Kryokompressors (K) verbunden bzw. verbindbar ist.3. Storage system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the storage system has a pressure storage container (S2) which is connected or can be connected to the pressure side of the cryocompressor (K).
4. Speichersystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der der Speicherbehälter (S1) und der Druckspeicherbehälter (S2) miteinander verbunden bzw. verbindbar sind.4. Storage system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the storage container (S1) and the pressure storage container (S2) are connected to one another or can be connected.
5. Speichersystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kryokompressor (K) hydraulisch angetrieben wird.5. Storage system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cryocompressor (K) is driven hydraulically.
6. Speichersystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kryokompressor (K) mit einer Druckregelung wirkungsverbunden ist, welche die Kompression des über die Gasentnahmeleitung (7, 8, 9) aus dem Speicherbehälter (S1) abströmenden Mediums regelt. 6. Storage system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cryocompressor (K) is functionally connected to a pressure control which regulates the compression of the medium flowing out of the storage container (S1) via the gas extraction line (7, 8, 9) ,
7. Speichersystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kryokompressor (K) für eine Verdichtung auf einen Druck von wenigstens 100 bar, vorzugsweise wenigstens 500 bar ausgelegt ist.7. Storage system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cryocompressor (K) is designed for compression to a pressure of at least 100 bar, preferably at least 500 bar.
8. Speichersystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckspeicherbehälter (S2) durch wenigstens eine Druckgasflasche und/oder wenigstens einen Höchstdruck- Verbundbehälter gebildet ist.8. Storage system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pressure storage container (S2) is formed by at least one compressed gas bottle and / or at least one high-pressure composite container.
9. Verwendung eines Speichersystems nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche als Speichersystem für Fahrzeuge jeder Art, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge, die mit flüssigem Wasserstoff und/oder verflüssigtem Erdgas betrieben werden. 9. Use of a storage system according to one of the preceding claims as a storage system for vehicles of all types, in particular for motor vehicles which are operated with liquid hydrogen and / or liquefied natural gas.
EP04740436A 2003-07-04 2004-06-29 Storage system for cryogenic media Not-in-force EP1642062B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10330308A DE10330308A1 (en) 2003-07-04 2003-07-04 Storage system for cryogenic media
PCT/EP2004/007051 WO2005003621A1 (en) 2003-07-04 2004-06-29 Storage system for cryogenic media

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EP1642062B1 EP1642062B1 (en) 2007-08-01

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ES2290727T3 (en) 2008-02-16
EP1642062B1 (en) 2007-08-01

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