EP1642062B1 - Storage system for cryogenic media - Google Patents

Storage system for cryogenic media Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1642062B1
EP1642062B1 EP04740436A EP04740436A EP1642062B1 EP 1642062 B1 EP1642062 B1 EP 1642062B1 EP 04740436 A EP04740436 A EP 04740436A EP 04740436 A EP04740436 A EP 04740436A EP 1642062 B1 EP1642062 B1 EP 1642062B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
storage
medium
storage container
storage system
cryocompressor
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Not-in-force
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EP04740436A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1642062A1 (en
Inventor
Robert Adler
Wilfried-Henning Reese
Jaco Reijerkerk
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a storage system, in particular for the storage of a cryogenic medium, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to the use of a generic storage system for vehicles of all kinds.
  • cryogenic media are prefixed or used in the designations of special cryogenic media according to their state of aggregation; So z. B. GH 2 or LH 2 for gaseous or liquid hydrogen.
  • CNG and “LNG” are used for compressed and liquefied natural gas, respectively.
  • cryogenic media is to be understood below also compressed and liquefied natural gas.
  • the storage of hydrogen or natural gas "on board" the above-mentioned means of transport is most useful in liquid form.
  • the hydrogen and LNG must be cooled to about 25 K and 112 K and held at this temperature - which can only be realized by appropriate insulation measures on the storage tanks or tanks -, but is a storage in the gaseous state due to the low Density of GH 2 and CNG usually in the above means of transport unfavorable, since the storage must be done here in large-volume and heavy storage containers at high pressures.
  • the above-described storage of cryogenic media poses two fundamental problems.
  • the first problem relates to the shape of the storage container, which must be either round or cylindrical shaped due to the required pressure resistance.
  • the working pressure of a motor vehicle storage system is, for example, 2 to 3 bar, the storage container is to be designed for at least 5 to 6 bar, so that - and this will be discussed in more detail below - an acceptable service life can be achieved.
  • the previously realized construction methods of the storage container for cryogenic media do not meet the requirements of the automotive industry, which requires or favors in particular flatter Speicher practicer- or tank shapes due to the specified installation options.
  • the second problem already mentioned concerns the topic of long-term storage. Even if the cryogenic storage container has a so-called superinsulation, it can not be prevented that a small amount of residual heat flow remains in the stored medium; this has the consequence that there is a slow increase in pressure in the stored cryogenic medium and thus in the storage container, so evaporates a portion of the liquid medium. If no removal of cryogenic medium from the storage container takes place over an extended period of time, the pressure continues to rise, with the result that upon reaching a certain pressure threshold value-on which the storage container is designed-a blow-off of the gaseous medium formed in the interior of the storage container is required becomes. This part of the cryogenic medium is usually regarded as a loss.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a memory system, in particular for the storage of a cryogenic medium, which allows the realization of a comparison with the prior art simpler start-up procedure.
  • a generic storage system which is characterized in that the storage container and the pressure storage container via a cryocompressor line are connected to each other or connectable.
  • the storage system according to the invention can now on devices for increasing the pressure - this example, electric heaters were used - as they previously had to be provided in the storage tanks, are dispensed with.
  • the accumulator tank is now fluidly connected via a line bypassing the cryocooler with the storage tank.
  • the compressed medium flowing from the pressure storage container into the storage container leads to a sufficient pressure increase in the storage container, so that it is ensured that the cryocompressor is supplied with liquid exclusively in the starting mode.
  • the cryocooler is designed for compression to a pressure of at least 100 bar, preferably at least 500 bar.
  • hydrogen is compressed to 100 bar into a line with inlet valves (common rail) connected in parallel.
  • the pressure generation by the cryocompressor and the fuel injection are separated from each other.
  • the injection pressure is generated independently of the engine speed and the injection quantity by the cryocompressor.
  • the figure shows a storage system consisting of a first storage tank S1, which is associated with a supply line 1, via which the medium to be stored is supplied to it.
  • the storage tank S1 further comprises a discharge line 2, in which a not shown in the figure safety valve is arranged; this opens on reaching a preset pressure threshold, the line 2.
  • a bypass line also not shown in the figure is usually provided, which is connected upstream of the safety valve and arranged fluidically parallel to this. This overflow line is set to a lower pressure than the safety valve.
  • liquid medium is withdrawn from the storage container S1 with open valves a and b, compressed in the cryocooler K to the desired pressure and then the consumer not shown in the figure - for example a (modified ) Internal combustion engine or a fuel cell - supplied.
  • a gas extraction line 7, 8 and 9 is provided, which is fluidically connected to the input of the cryocooler K.
  • gaseous medium can be removed and fed to a consumer after compression in the cryocooler K.
  • the removal of Gaseous medium from the storage tank S1 via the gas extraction line (s) 7, 8 and 9 is particularly useful if either the consumer only requires a small mass flow of the stored medium or - for example, after a longer life - already to a significant increase in pressure the storage container S1 has come.
  • a pressure storage tank S2 is provided, which is connected via the lines 11 and 10, in which a valve d is arranged, with the pressure side of the cryocooler K or connectable. Furthermore, the two storage containers S1 and S2 are connected to each other via the lines 7, 13 and 12 or connectable.
  • This accumulator tank S2 can be formed for example by one or more compressed gas cylinders; Conventional compressed gas cylinders are designed today up to 300 bar. But also ultra-high pressure composite containers for pressures up to 1000 bar and more are suitable as accumulator tanks.
  • cryocooler K is driven hydraulically, since this is in addition to economic advantages, especially for reasons of space advantage.
  • the resulting in the storage tank S1 gaseous medium must therefore no longer be discharged via the discharge line 2 to the atmosphere, but can be cached in the pressure storage container S2.
  • cryocooler K is preferably operatively connected to a pressure control which controls the compression of the via the gas extraction line (s) 7, 8 and 9 from the storage tank S1 effluent medium regulates.
  • valves c and d are opened so that gaseous medium can be fed to the cryocooler K, compressed in it and subsequently fed into the pressure storage tank S2.
  • the accumulator tank S2 can now serve as a reserve tank from which, if the consumer over a longer period no medium was supplied and the storage tank S1 is emptied, a supply of the required medium until the next refueling operation takes place.
  • the pressure storage container S2 is switched on and deducted from it for a transitional period, the required residual amount and supplied to the consumer.
  • cryocooler K can also be "supplied" during the starting process - in addition to liquid - with gaseous medium.
  • any desired shape for the storage container can be selected.
  • a reduction in the accumulator pressure also has the advantage that the amount of storage can be increased since the medium to be stored has a higher density at lower pressure.
  • the storage system according to the invention can be used for a large number of different media, but in particular for the storage of LH 2 , LNG, LN 2 , etc.
  • LH 2 low-density liquid crystal display
  • LNG low-density liquid crystal display
  • LN 2 low-density liquid crystal display

Abstract

Disclosed is a storage system, especially for storing a cryogenic medium. Said storage system comprises a) a storage container (S1) that is suitable for storing a cryogenic medium, b) a supply conduit (1) into the storage container (S1), via which the medium to be stored is delivered to the storage container (S1), c) a liquid withdrawing conduit (3, 4, 5, 6) via which the medium is delivered to a consumer, and d) a cryo compressor (K) that is disposed in the liquid withdrawing conduit (3, 4, 5, 6) and compresses the medium to be delivered to the consumer.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Speichersystem, insbesondere für die Speicherung eines kryogenen Mediums, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a storage system, in particular for the storage of a cryogenic medium, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner die Verwendung eines gattungsgemäßen Speichersystems für Fahrzeuge jeder Art.The invention further relates to the use of a generic storage system for vehicles of all kinds.

Im Folgenden werden bei den Bezeichnungen spezieller kryogener Medien entsprechend ihrem Aggregatzustand die Buchstaben "G" für "gasförmig" und "L" für "flüssig" bzw. "liquid" vorangestellt bzw. verwendet; also z. B. GH2 bzw. LH2 für gasförmigen bzw. flüssigen Wasserstoff. Des Weiteren werden die Begriffe "CNG" und "LNG" für komprimiertes bzw. verflüssigtes Erdgas verwendet. Unter dem Begriff "kryogene Medien" seien im Folgenden auch komprimiertes sowie verflüssigtes Erdgas zu verstehen.In the following, the letters "G" for "gaseous" and "L" for "liquid" or "liquid" are prefixed or used in the designations of special cryogenic media according to their state of aggregation; So z. B. GH 2 or LH 2 for gaseous or liquid hydrogen. Furthermore, the terms "CNG" and "LNG" are used for compressed and liquefied natural gas, respectively. The term "cryogenic media" is to be understood below also compressed and liquefied natural gas.

Insbesondere Wasserstoff und Erdgas gewinnen gegenwärtig durch den steigenden Energiebedarf und das gestiegene Umweltbewusstsein als Energieträger zunehmend an Bedeutung. So werden bereits Lastkraftwagen, Busse, Personenkraftwagen und Lokomotiven mittels mit Erdgas- oder Wasserstoff-betriebenen Motoren sowie mittels Kombinationen aus Brennstoffzelle und Elektromotor angetrieben. Darüber hinaus sind erste Versuche im Gange, Flugzeuge mit den genannten Medien anzutreiben.In particular, hydrogen and natural gas are currently gaining in importance as a source of energy due to the increasing energy demand and increased environmental awareness. Thus, trucks, buses, cars and locomotives are powered by means of natural gas or hydrogen-powered engines and combinations of fuel cell and electric motor. In addition, initial attempts are under way to propel aircraft using the aforementioned media.

Die Speicherung des Wasserstoffs oder Erdgases "an Bord" der oben genannten Verkehrsmittel ist dabei in flüssiger Form am sinnvollsten. Zwar müssen der Wasserstoff und LNG dazu auf etwa 25 K bzw. 112 K abgekühlt und auf dieser Temperatur gehalten werden - was nur durch entsprechende Isoliermaßnahmen an den Speicherbehältern bzw. -tanks realisiert werden kann -, doch ist eine Speicherung in gasförmigem Zustand aufgrund der geringen Dichte von GH2 und CNG in der Regel in den obengenannten Verkehrsmitteln ungünstiger, da die Speicherung hierbei in großvolumigen und schweren Speicherbehältern bei hohen Drücken erfolgen muss.The storage of hydrogen or natural gas "on board" the above-mentioned means of transport is most useful in liquid form. Although the hydrogen and LNG must be cooled to about 25 K and 112 K and held at this temperature - which can only be realized by appropriate insulation measures on the storage tanks or tanks -, but is a storage in the gaseous state due to the low Density of GH 2 and CNG usually in the above means of transport unfavorable, since the storage must be done here in large-volume and heavy storage containers at high pressures.

Bei der vorbeschriebenen Speicherung von kryogenen Medien stellen sich zwei grundsätzliche Probleme. Das erste Problem betrifft die Form des Speicherbehälters, der aufgrund der geforderten Druckresistenz entweder rund oder zylindrisch geformt sein muss. Der Arbeitsdruck eines Kfz-Speichersystems beträgt beispielsweise 2 bis 3 bar, ist der Speicherbehälter auf wenigstens 5 bis 6 bar auszulegen, so dass - und hierauf wird im Folgenden noch näher eingegangen werden - eine akzeptable Standzeit erreicht werden kann. Die bisher realisierten Bauweisen der Speicherbehälter für kryogene Medien entsprechen jedoch nicht den Anforderungen der Kfz-Industrie, die aufgrund der vorgegebenen Einbaumöglichkeiten insbesondere flachere Speicherbehälter- bzw. Tankformen benötigt bzw. favorisiert.The above-described storage of cryogenic media poses two fundamental problems. The first problem relates to the shape of the storage container, which must be either round or cylindrical shaped due to the required pressure resistance. The working pressure of a motor vehicle storage system is, for example, 2 to 3 bar, the storage container is to be designed for at least 5 to 6 bar, so that - and this will be discussed in more detail below - an acceptable service life can be achieved. However, the previously realized construction methods of the storage container for cryogenic media do not meet the requirements of the automotive industry, which requires or favors in particular flatter Speicherbehälter- or tank shapes due to the specified installation options.

Das bereits angesprochene, zweite Problem betrifft das Thema Langzeitspeicherung. Selbst dann, wenn der kryogene Speicherbehälter eine sog. Superisolation aufweist, kann nicht verhindert werden, dass ein wenn auch geringer Restwärmestrom in das gespeicherte Medium verbleibt; dieser hat zur Folge, dass es zu einem langsamen Druckanstieg in dem gespeicherten kryogenen Medium und damit in dem Speicherbehälter kommt, also ein Teil des flüssigen Mediums verdampft. Erfolgt über einen längeren Zeitraum keine Entnahme von kryogenem Medium aus dem Speicherbehälter, steigt der Druck fortwährend an, was zur Folge hat, dass bei Erreichen eines bestimmten Druckschwellenwerts - auf den der Speicherbehälter ausgelegt ist - ein Abblasen des im Inneren des Speicherbehälters gebildeten gasförmigen Mediums erforderlich wird. Dieser Teil des kryogenen Mediums ist im Regelfall als Verlust anzusehen.The second problem already mentioned concerns the topic of long-term storage. Even if the cryogenic storage container has a so-called superinsulation, it can not be prevented that a small amount of residual heat flow remains in the stored medium; this has the consequence that there is a slow increase in pressure in the stored cryogenic medium and thus in the storage container, so evaporates a portion of the liquid medium. If no removal of cryogenic medium from the storage container takes place over an extended period of time, the pressure continues to rise, with the result that upon reaching a certain pressure threshold value-on which the storage container is designed-a blow-off of the gaseous medium formed in the interior of the storage container is required becomes. This part of the cryogenic medium is usually regarded as a loss.

Aus der US-A-4,570,578 , welche als nächstliegender Stand der Technik angesehen wird, ist ein gattungsgemäßes Speichersystem, das für die Speicherung eines kryogenen Mediums geeignet ist, bekannt. Dieses Speichersystem weist neben einem Kryokompressor zusätzlich einen Verdichter für gasförmiges kryogenes Medium auf. Von Nachteil bei diesem Speichersystem ist jedoch, dass nach einer längeren Stillstandszeit eines mit diesem Speichersystem ausgestatten Kraftfahrzeuges eine vergleichsweise aufwendige Anfahrprozedur realisiert werden muss.From the US-A-4,570,578 , which is considered to be the closest prior art, is a generic memory system suitable for storing a cryogenic medium. In addition to a cryocompressor, this storage system additionally has a compressor for gaseous cryogenic medium. A disadvantage of this memory system, however, is that after a long downtime of a vehicle equipped with this storage system, a comparatively complicated start-up procedure has to be realized.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Speichersystem, insbesondere für die Speicherung eines kryogenen Mediums anzugeben, das die Realisierung einer gegenüber dem bekannten Stand der Technik einfacheren Anfahrprozedur ermöglicht.Object of the present invention is to provide a memory system, in particular for the storage of a cryogenic medium, which allows the realization of a comparison with the prior art simpler start-up procedure.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird gattungsgemäßes Speichersystem vorgeschlagen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der der Speicherbehälter und der Druckspeicherbehälter über eine den Kryokompressor umgehende Leitung miteinander verbunden oder verbindbar sind.To solve this problem, a generic storage system is proposed, which is characterized in that the storage container and the pressure storage container via a cryocompressor line are connected to each other or connectable.

Dank des erfindungsgemäßes Speichersystems kann nunmehr auf Vorrichtungen zur Druckerhöhung - hierzu wurden beispielsweise elektrische Heizungen verwendet -, wie sie bisher in den Speicherbehältern vorgesehen sein mussten, verzichtet werden. Im Falle der Wiederinbetriebnahme nach einer Stillstandszeit wird nunmehr der Druckspeicherbehälter über eine den Kryokompressor umgehende Leitung mit dem Speicherbehälter strömungstechnisch verbunden. Das aus dem Druckspeicherbehälter in den Speicherbehälter strömende verdichtete Medium führt in dem Speicherbehälter zu einer ausreichenden Druckerhöhung, so dass sichergestellt ist, dass der Kryokompressor im Startbetrieb ausschließlich mit Flüssigkeit versorgt wird.Thanks to the storage system according to the invention can now on devices for increasing the pressure - this example, electric heaters were used - as they previously had to be provided in the storage tanks, are dispensed with. In the case of recommissioning after a downtime now the accumulator tank is now fluidly connected via a line bypassing the cryocooler with the storage tank. The compressed medium flowing from the pressure storage container into the storage container leads to a sufficient pressure increase in the storage container, so that it is ensured that the cryocompressor is supplied with liquid exclusively in the starting mode.

Entsprechend einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Speichersystems ist der Kryokompressor für eine Verdichtung auf einen Druck von wenigstens 100 bar, vorzugsweise wenigstens 500 bar ausgelegt.According to an advantageous embodiment of the storage system according to the invention, the cryocooler is designed for compression to a pressure of at least 100 bar, preferably at least 500 bar.

Bei der Versorgung von modifizierten Verbrennungsmotoren mit Wasserstoff lassen sich hiermit Betriebsweisen ähnlich dem sog. Common-Rail-Verfahren realisieren.In the supply of modified internal combustion engines with hydrogen can hereby operations similar to the so-called. Common Rail process realized.

Wasserstoff wird dabei beispielweise auf 100 bar in eine Leitung mit parallel geschalteten Einlassventilen (Common-Rail) hinein verdichtet. Die Druckerzeugung durch den Kryokompressor und die Kraftstoffeinspritzung sind voneinander getrennt. Der Einspritzdruck wird unabhängig von der Motordrehzahl und der Einpspritzmenge durch den Kryokompressor erzeugt.For example, hydrogen is compressed to 100 bar into a line with inlet valves (common rail) connected in parallel. The pressure generation by the cryocompressor and the fuel injection are separated from each other. The injection pressure is generated independently of the engine speed and the injection quantity by the cryocompressor.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Speichersystems sind Gegenstände der abhängigen Patentansprüche.Further advantageous embodiments of the storage system according to the invention are subject matters of the dependent claims.

Das erfindungsgemäße Speichersystem sowie weitere Ausgestaltungen desselben seien nachfolgend anhand des in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The memory system according to the invention and further embodiments thereof are explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiment shown in the figure.

Die Figur zeigt ein Speichersystem, bestehend aus einem ersten Speicherbehälter S1, dem eine Zuführleitung 1, über die ihm das zu speichernde Medium zugeführt wird, zugeordnet ist. Der Speicherbehälter S1 weist ferner eine Abblasleitung 2 auf, in der ein in der Figur nicht dargestelltes Sicherheitsventil angeordnet ist; dieses öffnet bei Erreichen eines voreingestellten Druckschwellenwertes die Leitung 2. Ferner ist im Regelfall eine ebenfalls in der Figur nicht dargestellte Überströmleitung vorgesehen, die dem Sicherheitsventil vorgeschaltet und strömungstechnisch parallel zu diesem angeordnet ist. Diese Überströmleitung ist auf einen niedrigeren Druck als das Sicherheitsventil eingestellt.The figure shows a storage system consisting of a first storage tank S1, which is associated with a supply line 1, via which the medium to be stored is supplied to it. The storage tank S1 further comprises a discharge line 2, in which a not shown in the figure safety valve is arranged; this opens on reaching a preset pressure threshold, the line 2. Furthermore, a bypass line, also not shown in the figure is usually provided, which is connected upstream of the safety valve and arranged fluidically parallel to this. This overflow line is set to a lower pressure than the safety valve.

Über die Flüssigentnahmeleitung(en) 3, 4, 5 und 6 wird bei geöffneten Ventilen a und b flüssiges Medium aus dem Speicherbehälter S1 entnommen, im Kryokompressor K auf den gewünschten Druck verdichtet und anschließend dem in der Figur nicht dargestellten Verbraucher - beispielsweise einem (modifizierten) Verbrennungsmotor oder einer Brennstoffzelle - zugeführt.Via the liquid accepting line (s) 3, 4, 5 and 6 liquid medium is withdrawn from the storage container S1 with open valves a and b, compressed in the cryocooler K to the desired pressure and then the consumer not shown in the figure - for example a (modified ) Internal combustion engine or a fuel cell - supplied.

Ferner ist eine Gasentnahmeleitung 7, 8 bzw. 9 vorgesehen, die strömungstechnisch mit dem Eingang des Kryokompressors K verbunden ist.Further, a gas extraction line 7, 8 and 9 is provided, which is fluidically connected to the input of the cryocooler K.

Somit kann zusätzlich oder alternativ zu der Entnahme von flüssigem Medium aus dem Speicherbehälter S1 auch gasförmiges Medium entnommen und nach der Verdichtung im Kryokompressor K einem Verbraucher zugeführt werden. Die Entnahme von gasförmigem Medium aus dem Speicherbehälter S1 über die Gasentnahmeleitung(en) 7, 8 bzw. 9 ist insbesondere dann sinnvoll, wenn entweder der Verbraucher lediglich einen geringen Massenstrom des gespeicherten Mediums benötigt oder es - beispielsweise nach einer längeren Standzeit - bereits zu einen deutlichen Druckanstieg in dem Speicherbehälter S1 gekommen ist.Thus, in addition to or alternatively to the removal of liquid medium from the storage tank S1 and gaseous medium can be removed and fed to a consumer after compression in the cryocooler K. The removal of Gaseous medium from the storage tank S1 via the gas extraction line (s) 7, 8 and 9 is particularly useful if either the consumer only requires a small mass flow of the stored medium or - for example, after a longer life - already to a significant increase in pressure the storage container S1 has come.

Neben dem Speicherbehälter S1 ist ein Druckspeicherbehälter S2 vorgesehen, der über die Leitungen 11 und 10, in denen ein Ventil d angeordnet ist, mit der Druckseite des Kryokompressors K verbunden bzw. verbindbar ist. Ferner sind die beiden Speicherbehälter S1 und S2 über die Leitungen 7, 13 und 12 miteinander verbunden bzw. verbindbar.In addition to the storage tank S1, a pressure storage tank S2 is provided, which is connected via the lines 11 and 10, in which a valve d is arranged, with the pressure side of the cryocooler K or connectable. Furthermore, the two storage containers S1 and S2 are connected to each other via the lines 7, 13 and 12 or connectable.

Diese Druckspeicherbehälter S2 kann beispielsweise durch eine oder mehrere Druckgasflaschen gebildet werden; konventionelle Druckgasflaschen sind heutzutage bis 300 bar ausgelegt. Aber auch Höchstdruck-Verbundbehälter für Drücke bis 1000 bar und mehr eignen sich als Druckspeicherbehälter.This accumulator tank S2 can be formed for example by one or more compressed gas cylinders; Conventional compressed gas cylinders are designed today up to 300 bar. But also ultra-high pressure composite containers for pressures up to 1000 bar and more are suitable as accumulator tanks.

Insbesondere dann, wenn das erfindungsgemäße Speichersystem in einem Kraftfahrzeug eingesetzt wird, ist es von Vorteil, wenn der Kryokompressor K hydraulisch angetrieben wird, da dies neben wirtschaftlichen Vorteilen insbesondere aus Platzgründen von Vorteil ist.In particular, when the storage system according to the invention is used in a motor vehicle, it is advantageous if the cryocooler K is driven hydraulically, since this is in addition to economic advantages, especially for reasons of space advantage.

Wird dem Verbraucher - aus welchen Gründen auch immer - kein im Speicherbehälter S1 gespeichertes Medium zugeführt, so kann das im Speicherbehälter S1 aufgrund des unvermeidbaren Wärmeeinfalles gebildete gasförmige Medium über die Gasentnahmeleitung(en) 7, 8 bzw. 9 abgezogen, im Kryokompressor K auf den gewünschten Druck - beispielsweise auf 100 bis 500 bar verdichtet und anschließend über die Leitungen 5, 10 und 11 dem Druckspeicherbehälter S2 zugeführt werden. Das im Speicherbehälter S1 anfallende gasförmige Medium muss somit nicht mehr über die Abblasleitung 2 an die Atmosphäre abgegeben werden, sondern kann in dem Druckspeicherbehälter S2 zwischengespeichert werden.If the consumer - for whatever reason - no stored in the storage tank S1 supplied medium, the gaseous medium formed in the storage tank S1 due to the unavoidable heat incidence via the gas extraction line (s) 7, 8 and 9 deducted in the cryocooler K on the desired pressure - compressed, for example, to 100 to 500 bar and then fed via lines 5, 10 and 11 to the accumulator tank S2. The resulting in the storage tank S1 gaseous medium must therefore no longer be discharged via the discharge line 2 to the atmosphere, but can be cached in the pressure storage container S2.

Zur Realisierung der vorgeschriebenen Verfahrensweise ist der Kryokompressor K vorzugsweise mit einer Druckregelung wirkungsverbunden, welche die Kompression des über die Gasentnahmeleitung(en) 7, 8 bzw. 9 aus dem Speicherbehälter S1 abströmendem Mediums regelt.To realize the prescribed procedure, the cryocooler K is preferably operatively connected to a pressure control which controls the compression of the via the gas extraction line (s) 7, 8 and 9 from the storage tank S1 effluent medium regulates.

Dies bedeutet, dass immer dann, wenn im Speicherbehälter S1 ein bestimmter Druckwert erreicht ist, die Ventile c und d geöffnet werden, so dass gasförmiges Medium dem Kryokompressor K zugeführt, in ihm verdichtet und anschließend im Druckspeicherbehälter S2 zugeführt werden kann.This means that whenever a certain pressure value is reached in the storage tank S1, the valves c and d are opened so that gaseous medium can be fed to the cryocooler K, compressed in it and subsequently fed into the pressure storage tank S2.

Der Druckspeicherbehälter S2 kann nunmehr als Reservebehälter dienen, aus dem, wenn dem Verbraucher über einen längeren Zeitraum kein Medium zugeführt wurde und der Speicherbehälter S1 entleert ist, eine Versorgung mit dem benötigten Medium bis zum nächsten Betankungsvorgang erfolgt.The accumulator tank S2 can now serve as a reserve tank from which, if the consumer over a longer period no medium was supplied and the storage tank S1 is emptied, a supply of the required medium until the next refueling operation takes place.

Zudem kann - sofern der Druck im Druckspeicherbehälter S2 ausreichend hoch ist - ein Startbetrieb des Verbrauchers ohne Einschaltung des Kryokompressors K realisiert werden.In addition - if the pressure in the pressure storage tank S2 is sufficiently high - a start operation of the consumer without the involvement of the cryocooler K can be realized.

Auch kann während der Startphase des Kryokompressors K, solange dieser nicht den erforderlichen Medienmassenstrom aus dem Speicherbehälter S1 bereitstellen kann, der Druckspeicherbehälter S2 zugeschaltet und aus ihm für eine Übergangszeit die benötigte Restmenge abgezogen und dem Verbraucher zugeführt werden.Also, during the startup phase of the cryocooler K, as long as it can not provide the required mass media flow from the storage tank S1, the pressure storage container S2 is switched on and deducted from it for a transitional period, the required residual amount and supplied to the consumer.

Wird nun das erfindungsgemäße Speichersystem nach einer Stillstandszeit wieder in Betrieb genommen, bietet es gegenüber dem bekannten Stand der Technik Vorteile. Während bisher in den Speicherbehäftern Vorrichtungen zur Druckerhöhung vorgesehen sein mussten - hierzu wurden beispielsweise elektrische Heizungen verwendet -, wird nunmehr erfindungsgemäß der Druckspeicherbehälter S2 über die Leitungen 12, 13 und 7 bei geöffnetem Ventil e mit dem Speicherbehälter S1 strömungstechnisch verbunden. Das aus dem Druckspeicherbehälter S2 in den Speicherbehälter S1 strömende verdichtete Medium führt in dem Speicherbehälter S1 zu einer ausreichenden Druckerhöhung, so dass sichergestellt ist, dass der Kryokompressor K im Startbetrieb ausschließlich mit Flüssigkeit versorgt wird.If the storage system according to the invention is put back into operation after a standstill period, it offers advantages over the known state of the art. While hitherto in the Speicherbehäftern devices to increase the pressure had to be provided - this example, electric heaters were used - is now according to the invention the accumulator tank S2 via the lines 12, 13 and 7 with open valve e fluidly connected to the storage tank S1. The compressed medium flowing from the pressure storage container S2 into the storage container S1 results in a sufficient pressure increase in the storage container S1, so that it is ensured that the cryocompressor K is supplied with liquid exclusively in the starting mode.

Darüber hinaus kann der Kryokompressor K jedoch auch während des Startvorganges - neben Flüssigkeit - mit gasförmigem Medium "versorgt" werden.In addition, however, the cryocooler K can also be "supplied" during the starting process - in addition to liquid - with gaseous medium.

Im Gegensatz zu den bekannten Speichersystemen ist nunmehr auch eine nahezu drucklose Speicherung des kryogenen Mediums möglich. Somit kann im Prinzip jede beliebige Form für den Speicherbehälter gewählt werden. Eine Verringerung des Speicherdruckes hat zudem den Vorteil, dass die Speichermenge erhöht werden kann, da das zu speichernde Medium bei niedrigerem Druck eine höhere Dichte aufweist.In contrast to the known storage systems now almost a pressureless storage of the cryogenic medium is possible. Thus, in principle, any desired shape for the storage container can be selected. A reduction in the accumulator pressure also has the advantage that the amount of storage can be increased since the medium to be stored has a higher density at lower pressure.

Das erfindungsgemäße Speichersystem schafft eine Vielzahl von Vorteilen gegenüber dem bekannten Stand der Technik, die nachfolgend nochmals stichpunktartig aufgeführt sind:

  • Standzeitverlängerung
  • erhöhte Speichereffizienz
  • niedrigere *Speicherdrücke und damit die Möglichkeit, formoptimierte Speicherbehälter zu realisieren
  • Reservetank in Form eines Druckspeicherbehälters
  • Startbetrieb des Kryokompressors und Startbetrieb des Kfz über Druckspeicherbehälter
The storage system according to the invention provides a multiplicity of advantages over the known prior art, which are listed again below in the following manner:
  • Life extension
  • increased storage efficiency
  • lower * storage pressures and thus the possibility to realize shape-optimized storage containers
  • Reserved tank in the form of an accumulator tank
  • Starting operation of the cryocooler and start-up operation of the vehicle via accumulator tank

Das erfindungsgemäße Speichersystem ist für eine Vielzahl unterschiedlichster Medien, insbesondere jedoch für die Speicherung von LH2, LNG, LN2, etc. einsetzbar. Neben der bereits beschriebenen Anwendung im Kfz-Bereich ist seine Realisierung in den unterschiedlichsten mobilen sowie nicht-mobilen Anwendungsfällen denkbar.The storage system according to the invention can be used for a large number of different media, but in particular for the storage of LH 2 , LNG, LN 2 , etc. In addition to the application already described in the automotive sector, its implementation in a variety of mobile and non-mobile applications is conceivable.

Claims (7)

  1. Storage system, in particular for the storage of a cryogenic medium, comprising
    a) a storage container (S1) suitable for the storage of a cryogenic medium,
    b) a supply line (1) into the storage container (S1), via which the medium to be stored is supplied to the storage container (S1),
    c) a liquid withdrawal line (3, 4, 5, 6), via which the medium is supplied to a consumer,
    d) a cryocompressor (K) disposed in the liquid withdrawal line (3, 4, 5, 6), which compresses the medium to be supplied to the consumer, and
    e) a pressurized storage container (S2), which is connected or connectable, as the case may be, to the pressure side of the cryocompressor (K),
    characterized in that the storage container (S1) and the pressurized storage container (S2) are connected or connectable, as the case may be, to one another via a line (7,12,13) bypassing the cryocompressor (K).
  2. Storage system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the storage container (S1) comprises a gas withdrawal line (7, 8, 9), which is fluidically connected to the entrance of the cryocompressor (K).
  3. Storage system according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cryocompressor (K) is hydraulically driven.
  4. Storage system according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cryocompressor (K) is actively connected to a pressure regulator which regulates the compression of the medium being discharged from the storage container (S1) via the gas withdrawal line (7, 8, 9).
  5. Storage system according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cryocompressor (K)is designed for a compression to a pressure of at least 100 bar, preferably at least 500 bar.
  6. Storage system according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the pressurized storage container (S2) is comprised of at least one compressed gas cylinder and/or at least one very high pressure composite container.
  7. Use of a storage system according to one of the preceding Claims as storage system for vehicles of any type, in particular for motor vehicles powered by liquid hydrogen and/or liquefied natural gas.
EP04740436A 2003-07-04 2004-06-29 Storage system for cryogenic media Not-in-force EP1642062B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10330308A DE10330308A1 (en) 2003-07-04 2003-07-04 Storage system for cryogenic media
PCT/EP2004/007051 WO2005003621A1 (en) 2003-07-04 2004-06-29 Storage system for cryogenic media

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1642062A1 EP1642062A1 (en) 2006-04-05
EP1642062B1 true EP1642062B1 (en) 2007-08-01

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EP04740436A Not-in-force EP1642062B1 (en) 2003-07-04 2004-06-29 Storage system for cryogenic media

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EP (1) EP1642062B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE368822T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10330308A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2290727T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2005003621A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080190352A1 (en) 2007-02-12 2008-08-14 Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. Lng tank ship and operation thereof
DE102011117158B4 (en) * 2011-10-28 2016-08-11 Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co. Kg Tank system for a motor vehicle and operating method therefor
DE102012218857A1 (en) * 2012-10-16 2014-04-17 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method for filling a fuel storage system of a motor vehicle
DE102019108158A1 (en) 2019-03-29 2020-10-01 Airbus Operations Gmbh Fuel extraction system, fuel tank device with fuel extraction system and fuel cell system with fuel extraction system
DE102019116255A1 (en) * 2019-06-14 2020-12-17 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Vehicle which comprises a fuel tank storing gaseous fuel in liquid form, with an existing gas cushion in the fuel tank being used with priority before the vehicle is refueled

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3342582C2 (en) * 1983-11-25 1986-02-13 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., 5300 Bonn Method and device for operating a hydrogen engine
US5127230A (en) * 1991-05-17 1992-07-07 Minnesota Valley Engineering, Inc. LNG delivery system for gas powered vehicles
US5325894A (en) * 1992-12-07 1994-07-05 Chicago Bridge & Iron Technical Services Company Method and apparatus for fueling vehicles with liquefied natural gas
US5511955A (en) * 1995-02-07 1996-04-30 Cryogenic Group, Inc. Cryogenic pump
FR2785599B1 (en) * 1998-11-06 2000-12-22 Air Liquide DEVICE FOR CONNECTION AND TRANSFER OF A FLUID BETWEEN A DONOR TANK AND A RECEIVER TANK
DE10021681C2 (en) * 2000-05-05 2002-06-13 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Energy storage system, in particular system for storing hydrogen
US6354088B1 (en) * 2000-10-13 2002-03-12 Chart Inc. System and method for dispensing cryogenic liquids
FR2822927B1 (en) * 2001-04-03 2003-06-27 Messer France PROCESS AND INSTALLATION FOR THE DEPOSITION, BETWEEN A MOBILE SUPPLY TANK AND A USE TANK, OF A LIQUEFIED GAS

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Publication number Publication date
ATE368822T1 (en) 2007-08-15
DE10330308A1 (en) 2005-02-03
EP1642062A1 (en) 2006-04-05
ES2290727T3 (en) 2008-02-16
DE502004004520D1 (en) 2007-09-13
WO2005003621A1 (en) 2005-01-13

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