EP2473772A1 - Filling storage containers with compressed media - Google Patents

Filling storage containers with compressed media

Info

Publication number
EP2473772A1
EP2473772A1 EP10747165A EP10747165A EP2473772A1 EP 2473772 A1 EP2473772 A1 EP 2473772A1 EP 10747165 A EP10747165 A EP 10747165A EP 10747165 A EP10747165 A EP 10747165A EP 2473772 A1 EP2473772 A1 EP 2473772A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
storage container
medium
cooling
pressure storage
compressed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10747165A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wilfried Henning Reese
Heinz Posselt
Harald Kraus
Tobias Kederer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP2473772A1 publication Critical patent/EP2473772A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/002—Automated filling apparatus
    • F17C5/007—Automated filling apparatus for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0149—Vessel mounted inside another one
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0304—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using an electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0311—Air heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/043—Methods for emptying or filling by pressure cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/01—Intermediate tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0631—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/025—Reducing transfer time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for filling a storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with a compressed medium, in particular with compressed hydrogen, comprising
  • the invention relates to a method for filling a storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with a compressed medium, in particular with compressed hydrogen, wherein the medium is temporarily stored in at least one high-pressure storage container and immediately before being fed into the storage container to be filled within Having a predetermined temperature interval lying temperature.
  • a generic arrangement and a generic method for filling a storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with a compressed medium, in particular with compressed hydrogen are known from the German patent application 102009019275 not previously published.
  • vehicle are below all types of land, air and water vehicles to understand in which a refueling with a pressurized gaseous medium, in particular with hydrogen, can be realized.
  • medium is to be understood below inter alia gases and gas mixtures. At present, nearly all vehicle manufacturers have vehicles with them
  • Fuel cell drives or modified internal combustion engines are tested in which hydrogen is used as an energy source.
  • the storage of gaseous hydrogen is tested under a pressure of up to 700 bar.
  • Compressor system dimensioned or designed so that the required volume flows can be guaranteed.
  • the following requirements are placed on hydrogen filling stations: Refueling of a vehicle tank with 5 kg of hydrogen under a pressure of 700 bar at room temperature; the filling or refueling time is a maximum of 180 seconds; the vehicle tank may warm to a maximum of 85 ° C during filling; At least three refueling operations within 45 minutes and 10 refuelings per day should be possible.
  • a liquefied storage tank is provided, preferably provided with a vacuum super insulation
  • cryopumps In order to compress the approximately pressureless stored liquid hydrogen to the desired storage pressure of up to 700 bar, so-called.
  • Liquid or Cryopumps provided.
  • the compression of the hydrogen by means of such cryopumps is comparatively economical and cost-effective, since in the case of liquid conveying or compression, only a small amount of compression work has to be done.
  • Cryopump is comparatively low; it amounts to approx. 50 K.
  • the hydrogen compressed to a pressure of 700 bar must be pre-cooled or warmed up to a temperature of -40 ° C immediately before being fed into the vehicle tank. Due to the
  • Vehicle tank specifications are also not allowed for temperatures lower than -40 ° C.
  • the hydrogen flow to be supplied to the vehicle tank is thus to be conditioned to a comparatively narrow temperature range of about -38 to -40 ° C.
  • German patent application 102009019275 is a method for refueling a vehicle with a pressurized gaseous
  • Medium in particular with pressurized, gaseous hydrogen, in which the medium to be supplied to the vehicle tank is cooled by means of a thermoblock to a temperature within the predetermined temperature interval and / or heated.
  • the object of the present invention is to specify a generic arrangement and a generic method for filling a storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with a compressed medium, in particular compressed hydrogen, which avoids the disadvantages associated with the above-described methods.
  • Storage container in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with a compressed medium, in particular with compressed hydrogen, proposed, which is characterized in that the high-pressure storage container associated with means for cooling and / or heating.
  • High-pressure storage tanks which are used for intermediate storage of the medium, cooled and / or warmed.
  • Cached medium now according to the invention substantially at the temperature at which it is supplied to the storage container to be filled, cached.
  • Coolant is used, is arranged _
  • cooling liquid a glycol-water mixture, a cooling oil and / or a potassium formate solution is used, wherein the cooling liquid a
  • Corrosion protection additive may be added, - if the line system is at least partially cooled by means of a cooling medium, the cooling liquid is used as the cooling medium, the means for cooling and / or heating the high-pressure storage container as the one or more high-pressure storage tanks associated cooling and / or heating device are formed, the cryopump and / or the compressor at least one heat exchanger, which is preferably designed as an air heat exchanger and / or electric heater is connected downstream, the compressor at least one heat exchanger, which is preferably designed as an air heat exchanger and / or electric heater is connected upstream, and - at least a portion of the conduit system, within the
  • Coolant is arranged, is designed as a heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 1 shows a reservoir S for liquefied hydrogen, which has a storage volume between 10 and 200 m 3 of hydrogen.
  • Storage tanks for liquefied hydrogen are well known in the art. In the context of hydrogen filling stations, they are preferably underground and arranged to be moved over by the vehicles to be refueled.
  • cryopump V and a compressor V are provided.
  • the cryopump V is isolated via line 1, which is preferably vacuum (super) is formed, supplied from the reservoir S with liquid hydrogen.
  • the cryopumps V which are used in practice are specifically geared to the requirements of refueling vehicles. They offer the possibility of compressing liquid hydrogen from approx. 1 bara up to 900 bar in a two-stage compression process.
  • gaseous hydrogen can be withdrawn from the reservoir S and compressed by means of the compressor or the compression unit V to a pressure between 100 and 700 bar.
  • a plurality of high pressure storage tanks A and B are provided. In practice, these are usually at least three
  • the high-pressure storage tanks A are designed for a storage pressure of between 400 and 700 bar, while the high-pressure storage tanks B are designed for a storage pressure of between 300 and 500 bar.
  • further storage containers which are designed, for example, for a storage pressure of between 50 and 400 bar, are provided.
  • the high-pressure storage tanks A / B are now assigned means for cooling and / or heating the high-pressure storage tanks.
  • these means for cooling and / or heating as a high-pressure storage container A / B surrounding container 6, in which a cooling liquid 7 is arranged formed.
  • This cooling fluid is, for example, a glycol / water mixture or a cooling oil suitable for the application.
  • a heat exchanger E which is in operative connection with a cooling system, not shown in the figure, the cooling liquid 7 heat can be supplied or withdrawn.
  • the means for cooling and / or heating the high pressure storage tanks A / B may also be configured as a cooling and / or heating device associated with the individual high pressure storage tank A / B.
  • the above-described system is to be interpreted in such a way that the medium temporarily stored in the high-pressure storage containers A / B is conveyed via the lines 3 or 3 at substantially the temperature with which it is to be filled the storage container, which is not shown in the figure for clarity. 4 and 5 is supplied, is cached. So if a temperature of -20 ° C or -40 ° C is required at the transfer point (filling pin, Nozzle, etc.), the storage of the medium in the high-pressure storage tanks A / B should also in this
  • Storage tank A / B are emptied, is supplied via the line sections 1, 2 and 5 of the means of the cryopump V to a pressure of up to 900 bar compressed hydrogen to the vehicle tank. It is particularly advantageous that during the overflow of the medium or hydrogen from the storage tanks A B in the storage container to be filled, the hydrogen is released and the resulting
  • the high-pressure storage tank A / B emptied, they are filled again by means of the cryopump V and / or by means of the compressor V.
  • the compressed medium via the line sections 2 and 3 and / or 4, the high-pressure storage tanks A / B is supplied.
  • the line section 2 two
  • Heat exchangers E1 and E2 are provided, wherein the first heat exchanger E1 in the flow direction is preferably designed as an air heat exchanger with or without fan and / or electric heater, while the second heat exchanger E2 is disposed within the cooling liquid 7.
  • This second heat exchanger E2 is preferably designed as a tube heat exchanger. It takes place in him
  • the heat exchanger E1 and / or E3 must ensure this supply of the required heat.
  • the compressor V is usually for a pressure range up to max. 450 bar, while cryopumps V currently up to max. Compress 900 bar. Because of these different pressure ranges, cryopump V and compressor V in practice fill different high-pressure storage vessels A / B, which is why in the embodiment shown in the figure, the medium compressed by means of compressor V is supplied via line sections 2 'and 3 only to high-pressure storage vessel A. becomes. About the dashed line shown 2 ", the medium compressed by the compressor V also the high-pressure storage tanks A / B are supplied.
  • Compression unit V upstream heat exchanger E1 ⁇ is preferably designed as an air heat exchanger and / or electric heater heated. While the outlet temperature of the hydrogen in the line 1 or ⁇ corresponds to the boiling temperature of the reservoir S and thus is between about 21 and 50 K, the
  • Heat exchanger E1 " which is preferably thermally coupled to the heat exchanger E1 ', cooled, preferably already to the desired storage temperature of, for example -20 or -40 ° C. If still necessary, carried out in the heat exchanger E2, the alignment to the exact, desired storage temperature As an alternative to the procedure shown in Figure 2, the to be compacted or compressed Medium flow through the thermally coupled heat exchangers EV and E1 "in cocurrent or countercurrent.
  • the storage of the medium to be compressed now takes place in a storage container S ', preferably in a compressed gas storage which is suitable for the storage of media in the gaseous state.
  • the withdrawn via line 1 from the reservoir S 'hydrogen is now compressed in a compressor or a compression unit V to the desired pressure.
  • the compression work of the compressor V leads to a heating of the compressed medium, so that its compressor outlet temperature is about 10 to 150 ° C.
  • the compressed hydrogen is heated to approximately
  • the heat exchanger E10 is usually as an air-water heat exchanger
  • downstream heat exchanger E11 is carried out using a refrigeration system X, a cooling of the compressed hydrogen to the desired storage temperature.
  • the thus cooled hydrogen is supplied to the high-pressure storage tanks A / B after passing through the heat exchangers E10 and E11 via line 23.
  • the refrigeration system X is connected via the refrigerant lines 30 and 31 with the
  • Heat exchanger E11 connected.
  • the refrigeration system X via the line 32 and the heat exchanger E12 of the cooling liquid 7 heat or dissipate heat from the cooling liquid 7.
  • the inventive arrangement and the inventive method for filling a storage container with a compressed medium now provides the ability to provide the to be filled storage tank to be supplied medium at any time and without Vorkühl- or lead time at a desired or required temperature.
  • the desired low temperature is only available when the pressure increasing means, such as the cryopump, are in operation. So far, the required mass flow media was warmed or cooled to the required temperature at each refueling operation. However, this leads to the need having to provide significant overcapacity in order to respond to demand in the short term.
  • both the inventive arrangement and the inventive method for filling a storage container with a compressed medium in a variety of applications - and not only in the refueling of hydrogen vehicles - can be used.
  • the invention always has advantages when a compressed medium is to be transferred within a required temperature range and within a comparatively short filling time in a storage container to be filled.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for filling a storage container, in particular a storage tank of a vehicle, having a compressed medium, in particular compressed hydrogen, wherein the medium is temporarily stored in at least one high-pressure storage container and immediately before being delivered to the storage container to be filled has a temperature that is within a predetermined temperature interval. According to the invention, the high-pressure storage containers (A, B), in which the medium is temporarily stored, are cooled and/or heated. Thus, the medium temporarily stored in the high-pressure storage containers (A, B) is temporarily stored substantially at the temperature at which it is delivered to the storage container to be filled.

Description

Beschreibung  description
Befüllen von Speicherbehältern mit verdichteten Medien Filling storage containers with compressed media
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zum Befüllen eines Speicherbehälters, insbesondere eines Speicherbehälters eines Fahrzeuges, mit einem verdichteten Medium, insbesondere mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff, aufweisend The invention relates to an arrangement for filling a storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with a compressed medium, in particular with compressed hydrogen, comprising
a) wenigstens einen Vorratsbehälter, der der Speicherung des Mediums im a) at least one reservoir, the storage of the medium in the
flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Zustand dient,  liquid and / or gaseous state,
b) wenigstens eine Kryopumpe und/oder wenigstens einen Kompressor, die bzw. der der Verdichtung des in dem Vorratsbehälter gespeicherten Mediums dient, c) wenigstens einen Hockdruck-Speicherbehälter, der der b) at least one cryopump and / or at least one compressor which serves for the compression of the medium stored in the storage container, c) at least one high-pressure storage container, which the
Zwischenspeicherung des verdichteten Mediums dient, und  Caching of the compressed medium is used, and
d) ein Leitungssystem, über das das Medium aus dem Vorratsbehälter und/oder dem Hockdruck-Speicherbehälter dem zu befüllenden Speicherbehälter zugeführt wird. d) a conduit system via which the medium from the reservoir and / or the high-pressure storage container is supplied to the storage container to be filled.
Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Befüllen eines Speicherbehälters, insbesondere eines Speicherbehälters eines Fahrzeuges, mit einem verdichteten Medium, insbesondere mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff, wobei das Medium in wenigstens einem Hockdruck-Speicherbehälter zwischengespeichert wird und unmittelbar vor der Zuführung in den zu befüllenden Speicherbehälter eine innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Temperaturintervalles liegende Temperatur aufweist. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for filling a storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with a compressed medium, in particular with compressed hydrogen, wherein the medium is temporarily stored in at least one high-pressure storage container and immediately before being fed into the storage container to be filled within Having a predetermined temperature interval lying temperature.
Eine gattungsgemäße Anordnung sowie ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Befüllen eines Speicherbehälters, insbesondere eines Speicherbehälters eines Fahrzeuges, mit einem verdichteten Medium, insbesondere mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff, sind aus der nicht vorveröffentlichten deutschen Patentanmeldung 102009019275 bekannt. A generic arrangement and a generic method for filling a storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with a compressed medium, in particular with compressed hydrogen are known from the German patent application 102009019275 not previously published.
Unter dem Begriff "Fahrzeug" seien nachfolgend alle Arten von Land-, Luft- und Wasser-Fahrzeugen zu verstehen, bei denen eine Betankung mit einem unter Druck stehenden, gasförmigen Medium, insbesondere mit Wasserstoff, realisierbar ist. Unter dem Begriff "Medium" seien nachfolgend u. a. Gase und Gasgemische zu verstehen. Gegenwärtig werden von nahezu allen Fahrzeugherstellern Fahrzeuge mit The term "vehicle" are below all types of land, air and water vehicles to understand in which a refueling with a pressurized gaseous medium, in particular with hydrogen, can be realized. The term "medium" is to be understood below inter alia gases and gas mixtures. At present, nearly all vehicle manufacturers have vehicles with them
Brennstoffzellenantrieben oder modifizierten Verbrennungsmotoren erprobt, bei denen als Energieträger Wasserstoff Verwendung findet. Neben der drucklosen Speicherung von tiefkaltem verflüssigtem Wasserstoff an Bord derartiger Fahrzeuge, wird die Speicherung von gasförmigem Wasserstoff unter einem Druck von bis zu 700 bar erprobt. Fuel cell drives or modified internal combustion engines are tested in which hydrogen is used as an energy source. In addition to the pressureless storage of cryogenic liquefied hydrogen on board such vehicles, the storage of gaseous hydrogen is tested under a pressure of up to 700 bar.
Es existieren bereits Wasserstoff-Tankstellen, an denen Betankungen von Fahrzeugen mit gasförmigem Wasserstoff mit Drücken bis zu 700 bar realisiert werden. Um mehrere Fahrzeuge hintereinander und/oder gleichzeitig betanken zu können, werden im Regelfall Betankungsverfahren eingesetzt, bei denen große Mengen an unter Druck stehendem gasförmigem Wasserstoff in entsprechenden Druckpuffern There are already hydrogen filling stations at which fueling vehicles with gaseous hydrogen can be realized with pressures up to 700 bar. In order to be able to refuel a plurality of vehicles in succession and / or at the same time, refueling methods are generally used in which large amounts of pressurized gaseous hydrogen in corresponding pressure buffers
zwischengespeichert werden. Darüber hinaus muss das vorzusehende be cached. In addition, that must be provided
Kompressorsystem derart dimensioniert bzw. ausgelegt sein, dass die erforderlichen Volumenströme garantiert werden können. Compressor system dimensioned or designed so that the required volume flows can be guaranteed.
Gegenwärtig werden folgende Anforderungen an Wasserstoff-Tankstellen gestellt: Betankung eines Fahrzeugtanks mit 5 kg Wasserstoff unter einem Druck von 700 bar bei Raumtemperatur; die Füll- bzw. Tankzeit betrage maximal 180 Sekunden; der Fahrzeugtank darf sich während des Befüllens auf maximal 85 °C erwärmen; es sollen mindestens drei Betankungen innerhalb von 45 Minuten und 10 Betankungen pro Tag realisiert werden können. At present, the following requirements are placed on hydrogen filling stations: Refueling of a vehicle tank with 5 kg of hydrogen under a pressure of 700 bar at room temperature; the filling or refueling time is a maximum of 180 seconds; the vehicle tank may warm to a maximum of 85 ° C during filling; At least three refueling operations within 45 minutes and 10 refuelings per day should be possible.
Bei neueren Wasserstoff-Tankstellen wird dazu übergegangen, einen vorzugsweise mit einer Vakuumsuperisolierung versehenen Speicherbehälter für verflüssigten In newer hydrogen refueling stations, a liquefied storage tank is provided, preferably provided with a vacuum super insulation
Wasserstoff vorzusehen. Damit kann die zu speichernde Menge an komprimiertem gasförmigem Wasserstoff an der Tankstelle verringert werden. Dies wirkt sich positiv auf den Flächenbedarf der Tankstelle sowie die Sicherheit des Betankungsvorganges aus. Aus diesen Gründen wird die Verwendung von Flüssigwasserstoff für die  Provide hydrogen. Thus, the amount of compressed gaseous hydrogen to be stored at the gas station can be reduced. This has a positive effect on the space requirement of the filling station and the safety of the refueling process. For these reasons, the use of liquid hydrogen for the
Versorgung einer öffentlichen Tankstelleninfrastruktur von führenden Unternehmen und Forschungseinrichtungen gegenwärtig als wirtschaftlichste und flexibelste Providing a public service station infrastructure from leading companies and research facilities is currently considered the most economical and flexible
Versorgungsmethode angesehen. Considered supply method.
Um den annähernd drucklos gelagerten flüssigen Wasserstoff auf den gewünschten Speicherdruck von bis zu 700 bar verdichten zu können, werden sog. Flüssig- bzw. Kryopumpen vorgesehen. Die Komprimierung des Wasserstoffs mittels derartiger Kryopumpen ist vergleichsweise wirtschaftlich und kostengünstig, da im Falle der Flüssigförderung bzw. -komprimierung lediglich eine geringe Kompressionsarbeit zu leisten ist. Für die Förderung identischer Massenströme mittels einer Kryopumpe bei einem Druck von 900 bar benötigt man Berechnungen zufolge nur ca. 10 % der spezifischen Leistung eines Kompressorsystems. Zugleich ist die Baugröße derartiger Kryopumpen im Vergleich zu einem konventionellen Kompressorsystem geringer. In order to compress the approximately pressureless stored liquid hydrogen to the desired storage pressure of up to 700 bar, so-called. Liquid or Cryopumps provided. The compression of the hydrogen by means of such cryopumps is comparatively economical and cost-effective, since in the case of liquid conveying or compression, only a small amount of compression work has to be done. For the promotion of identical mass flows by means of a cryopump at a pressure of 900 bar, it is estimated that only about 10% of the specific power of a compressor system is needed. At the same time, the size of such cryopumps is lower compared to a conventional compressor system.
Des Weiteren ist eine aufwendige Kühlung des mittels einer Kryopumpe verdichteten Wasserstoffstromes nicht mehr erforderlich, da die Temperatur am Ausgang derFurthermore, a complex cooling of the hydrogen stream compressed by means of a cryopump is no longer necessary since the temperature at the outlet of the
Kryopumpe vergleichsweise niedrig ist; sie beträgt ca. 50 K. Um eine Überhitzung des Fahrzeugtanks zu vermeiden muss der auf einen Druck von 700 bar verdichtete Wasserstoff unmittelbar vor der Zuführung in den Fahrzeugtank auf eine Temperatur von -40 °C vorgekühlt bzw. angewärmt werden. Aufgrund der Cryopump is comparatively low; it amounts to approx. 50 K. In order to avoid an overheating of the vehicle tank, the hydrogen compressed to a pressure of 700 bar must be pre-cooled or warmed up to a temperature of -40 ° C immediately before being fed into the vehicle tank. Due to the
Fahrzeugtankspezifikationen sind Temperaturen niedriger als -40 °C ebenfalls nicht zulässig. Der dem Fahrzeugtank zuzuführende Wasserstoffstrom ist somit auf einem vergleichsweise engen Temperaturbereich von ca. -38 bis -40 °C zu konditionieren. Vehicle tank specifications are also not allowed for temperatures lower than -40 ° C. The hydrogen flow to be supplied to the vehicle tank is thus to be conditioned to a comparatively narrow temperature range of about -38 to -40 ° C.
Aus der vorgenannten deutschen Patentanmeldung 102009019275 ist ein Verfahren zum Betanken eines Fahrzeuges mit einem unter Druck stehenden, gasförmigenFrom the aforementioned German patent application 102009019275 is a method for refueling a vehicle with a pressurized gaseous
Medium, insbesondere mit unter Druck stehendem, gasförmigen Wasserstoff, bekannt, bei dem das dem Fahrzeugtank zuzuführende Medium mittels eines Thermoblocks auf eine innerhalb des vorgegebenen Temperaturintervalles liegende Temperatur abgekühlt und/oder erwärmt wird. Medium, in particular with pressurized, gaseous hydrogen, in which the medium to be supplied to the vehicle tank is cooled by means of a thermoblock to a temperature within the predetermined temperature interval and / or heated.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine gattungsgemäße Anordnung sowie ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Befüllen eines Speicherbehälters, insbesondere eines Speicherbehälters eines Fahrzeuges, mit einem verdichteten Medium, insbesondere mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff, anzugeben, die bzw. das die mit den vorbeschriebenen Verfahrensweisen verbundenen Nachteile vermeidet. The object of the present invention is to specify a generic arrangement and a generic method for filling a storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with a compressed medium, in particular compressed hydrogen, which avoids the disadvantages associated with the above-described methods.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird eine Anordnung zum Befüllen eines To solve this problem, an arrangement for filling a
Speicherbehälters, insbesondere eines Speicherbehälters eines Fahrzeuges, mit einem verdichteten Medium, insbesondere mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff, vorgeschlagen, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass dem Hockdruck-Speicherbehälter Mittel zum Kühlen und/oder Erwärmen zugeordnet sind. Storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with a compressed medium, in particular with compressed hydrogen, proposed, which is characterized in that the high-pressure storage container associated with means for cooling and / or heating.
Verfahrensseitig wird die gestellte Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass der oder die The method, the object is achieved in that the or
Hochdruck-Speicherbehälter, die der Zwischenspeicherung des Mediums dienen, gekühlt und/oder gewärmt werden. High-pressure storage tanks, which are used for intermediate storage of the medium, cooled and / or warmed.
Erfindungsgemäß wird das in dem bzw. den Hochdruck-Speicherbehältern According to the invention in the or the high pressure storage containers
zwischengespeicherte Medium nunmehr erfindungsgemäß im Wesentlichen bei der Temperatur, mit der es dem zu befüllenden Speicherbehälter zugeführt wird, zwischengespeichert. Cached medium now according to the invention substantially at the temperature at which it is supplied to the storage container to be filled, cached.
Unter der Begriffsfolge "im Wesentlichen bei der Temperatur, mit der es dem zu befüllenden Speicherbehälter zugeführt wird, zwischengespeichert" sei zu verstehen, dass sich die Speichertemperaturen und die Befülltemperaturen - hierunter sei die Temperatur, die am Füllzapfen bzw. an der Nozzle herrscht, zu verstehen - um nicht mehr als 10 K, vorzugsweise nicht mehr als 5 K, voneinander unterscheiden. By the term "substantially at the temperature with which it is supplied to the storage container to be filled, temporarily stored" is to be understood that the storage temperatures and the filling temperatures - this being the temperature prevailing at the filling pin or at the Nozzle, too understand - by no more than 10 K, preferably not more than 5 K, from each other.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung sowie des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Befüllen eines Speicherbehälters sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das in dem bzw. den Hockdruck-Speicherbehältern zwischengespeicherte Medium im Wesentlichen bei der Temperatur, mit der es dem zu befüllenden Speicherbehälter zugeführt wird, zwischengespeichert wird, die Mittel zum Kühlen und/oder Erwärmen des Hockdruck-Speicherbehälters als ein den Hockdruck-Speicherbehälter umgebender Behälter, in dem eine Kühlflüssigkeit angeordnet ist, ausgebildet sind, innerhalb des Behälters eine Umwälzpumpe, die der Umwälzung der Further advantageous embodiments of the arrangement according to the invention and of the method according to the invention for filling a storage container are characterized in that the medium temporarily stored in the high-pressure storage container (s) is temporarily stored at substantially the temperature with which it is fed to the storage container to be filled Means for cooling and / or heating the high-pressure storage container as a high-pressure storage container surrounding container, in which a cooling liquid is arranged, are formed within the container, a circulating pump, the circulation of the
Kühlflüssigkeit dient, angeordnet ist, _ Coolant is used, is arranged _
als Kühlflüssigkeit ein Glykol-Wassergemisch, ein Kühlöl und/oder eine Kaliumformiatlösung verwendet wird, wobei der Kühlflüssigkeit ein as coolant a glycol-water mixture, a cooling oil and / or a potassium formate solution is used, wherein the cooling liquid a
Korrosionsschutzadditiv zugesetzt sein kann, - sofern das Leitungssystem zumindest teilweise mittels eines Kühlmediums gekühlt wird, die Kühlflüssigkeit als Kühlmedium verwendet wird, die Mittel zum Kühlen und/oder Erwärmen des Hockdruck-Speicherbehälters als eine dem bzw. den einzelnen Hockdruck-Speicherbehältern zugeordnete Kühl- und/oder Heizvorrichtung ausgebildet sind, der Kryopumpe und/oder dem Kompressor wenigstens ein Wärmetauscher, wobei dieser vorzugsweise als Luftwärmetauscher und/oder Elektroerhitzer ausgebildet ist, nachgeschaltet ist, dem Kompressor wenigstens ein Wärmetauscher, wobei dieser vorzugsweise als Luftwärmetauscher und/oder Elektroerhitzer ausgebildet ist, vorgeschaltet ist, und - zumindest ein Teilbereich des Leitungssystems, der innerhalb der  Corrosion protection additive may be added, - if the line system is at least partially cooled by means of a cooling medium, the cooling liquid is used as the cooling medium, the means for cooling and / or heating the high-pressure storage container as the one or more high-pressure storage tanks associated cooling and / or heating device are formed, the cryopump and / or the compressor at least one heat exchanger, which is preferably designed as an air heat exchanger and / or electric heater is connected downstream, the compressor at least one heat exchanger, which is preferably designed as an air heat exchanger and / or electric heater is connected upstream, and - at least a portion of the conduit system, within the
Kühlflüssigkeit angeordnet ist, als Wärmetauscher ausgebildet ist.  Coolant is arranged, is designed as a heat exchanger.
Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung sowie das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Befüllen eines Speicherbehälters und weitere Ausgestaltungen der- bzw. desselben seien nachfolgend anhand der in den Figuren 1 bis 3 dargestellten The arrangement according to the invention as well as the method according to the invention for filling a storage container and further embodiments of the same are described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3
Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Embodiments explained in more detail.
Die Figur 1 zeigt einen Vorratsbehälter S für verflüssigten Wasserstoff, der ein Speichervolumen zwischen 10 und 200 m3 Wasserstoff aufweist. Derartige 1 shows a reservoir S for liquefied hydrogen, which has a storage volume between 10 and 200 m 3 of hydrogen. such
Speicherbehälter für verflüssigten Wasserstoff sind aus dem Stand der Technik hinlänglich bekannt. Im Rahmen von Wasserstoff-Tankstellen sind sie vorzugsweise unterirdisch und von den zu betankenden Fahrzeugen überfahrbar angeordnet. Storage tanks for liquefied hydrogen are well known in the art. In the context of hydrogen filling stations, they are preferably underground and arranged to be moved over by the vehicles to be refueled.
Vorgesehen sind des Weiteren eine Kryopumpe V sowie ein Kompressor V. Die Kryopumpe V wird über die Leitung 1 , die vorzugsweise vakuum(super)isoliert ausgebildet ist, aus dem Vorratsbehälter S mit flüssigem Wasserstoff versorgt. Die in der Praxis zur Anwendung kommenden Kryopumpen V sind speziell auf die bei der Betankung von Fahrzeugen vorliegenden Anforderungen ausgerichtet. Sie bieten die Möglichkeit, flüssigen Wasserstoff von ca. 1 bara auf bis zu 900 bar in einem zweistufigen Verdichtungsprozess zu komprimieren. Furthermore, a cryopump V and a compressor V are provided. The cryopump V is isolated via line 1, which is preferably vacuum (super) is formed, supplied from the reservoir S with liquid hydrogen. The cryopumps V which are used in practice are specifically geared to the requirements of refueling vehicles. They offer the possibility of compressing liquid hydrogen from approx. 1 bara up to 900 bar in a two-stage compression process.
Über die Leitung 1' kann gasförmiger Wasserstoff aus dem Vorratsbehälter S abgezogen und mittels des Kompressors bzw. der Kompressionseinheit V auf einen Druck zwischen 100 und 700 bar verdichtet werden. Via the line 1 ', gaseous hydrogen can be withdrawn from the reservoir S and compressed by means of the compressor or the compression unit V to a pressure between 100 and 700 bar.
Zusätzlich zu dem Vorratsbehälter S sind mehrere Hochdruck-Speicherbehälter A und B vorgesehen. In der Praxis sind diese üblicherweise zu wenigstens drei In addition to the reservoir S, a plurality of high pressure storage tanks A and B are provided. In practice, these are usually at least three
unterschiedliche Druckbereiche abdeckenden Speicherbänken zusammengefasst. So sind die Hochdruck-Speicherbehälter A beispielsweise für einen Speicherdruck zwischen 400 und 700 bar ausgelegt, während die Hochdruck-Speicherbehälter B für einen Speicherdruck zwischen 300 und 500 bar ausgelegt sind. Im Regelfall sind weitere Speicherbehälter, die bspw. für einen Speicherdruck zwischen 50 und 400 bar ausgelegt sind, vorgesehen. Realisierbar sind jedoch auch Verfahren, bei denen lediglich eine oder zwei Speicherbänke oder auch lediglich ein oder zwei Hochdruck- Speicherbehälter vorgesehen werden. combined memory banks covering different pressure ranges. For example, the high-pressure storage tanks A are designed for a storage pressure of between 400 and 700 bar, while the high-pressure storage tanks B are designed for a storage pressure of between 300 and 500 bar. As a rule, further storage containers, which are designed, for example, for a storage pressure of between 50 and 400 bar, are provided. However, it is also possible to implement methods in which only one or two memory banks or only one or two high-pressure storage containers are provided.
Erfindungsgemäß sind den Hochdruck-Speicherbehältern A/B nunmehr Mittel zum Kühlen und/oder Erwärmen der Hochdruck-Speicherbehälter zugeordnet. Im Falle des in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels sind diese Mittel zum Kühlen und/oder Erwärmen als ein die Hochdruck-Speicherbehälter A/B umgebender Behälter 6, in dem eine Kühlflüssigkeit 7 angeordnet ist, ausgebildet. Bei dieser Kühlflüssigkeit handelt es sich beispielsweise um ein Glykol-Wassergemisch oder ein für den Anwendungszweck geeignetes Kühlöl. Die optional vorzusehende Pumpe P dient der Umwälzung der Kühlflüssigkeit 7. Mittels eines Wärmetauschers E, der mit einem in der Figur nicht dargestellten Kühlsystem in Wirkverbindung steht, kann der Kühlflüssigkeit 7 Wärme zugeführt oder entzogen werden. Die Mittel zum Kühlen und/oder Erwärmen der Hochdruck-Speicherbehälter A/B können jedoch auch als eine dem bzw. den einzelnen Hockdruck-Speicherbehältern A/B zugeordnete Kühl- und/oder Heizvorrichtung ausgebildet sein. Das vorbeschriebene System ist derart auszulegen, dass das in den Hochdruck- Speicherbehältern A/B zwischengespeicherte Medium im Wesentlichen bei der Temperatur, mit der es dem zu befüllenden Speicherbehälter, der in der Figur der Übersichtlichkeit halber nicht dargestellt ist, über die Leitungen 3 bzw. 4 und 5 zugeführt wird, zwischengespeichert wird. Wird also am Übergabepunkt (Füllzapfen, Nozzle, etc.) eine Temperatur von -20 °C oder -40 °C gefordert, sollte die Speicherung des Mediums in den Hochdruck-Speicherbehältern A/B ebenfalls bei diesen According to the invention, the high-pressure storage tanks A / B are now assigned means for cooling and / or heating the high-pressure storage tanks. In the case of the embodiment shown in the figure, these means for cooling and / or heating as a high-pressure storage container A / B surrounding container 6, in which a cooling liquid 7 is arranged formed. This cooling fluid is, for example, a glycol / water mixture or a cooling oil suitable for the application. By means of a heat exchanger E, which is in operative connection with a cooling system, not shown in the figure, the cooling liquid 7 heat can be supplied or withdrawn. However, the means for cooling and / or heating the high pressure storage tanks A / B may also be configured as a cooling and / or heating device associated with the individual high pressure storage tank A / B. The above-described system is to be interpreted in such a way that the medium temporarily stored in the high-pressure storage containers A / B is conveyed via the lines 3 or 3 at substantially the temperature with which it is to be filled the storage container, which is not shown in the figure for clarity. 4 and 5 is supplied, is cached. So if a temperature of -20 ° C or -40 ° C is required at the transfer point (filling pin, Nozzle, etc.), the storage of the medium in the high-pressure storage tanks A / B should also in this
Temperaturen erfolgen, wobei Temperaturdifferenzen zwischen der Speicher- und der Abgabetemperatur im einstelligen Bereich tolerierbar erscheinen. Temperatures occur, with temperature differences between the storage and the discharge temperature in the single-digit range appear tolerable.
Zu Beginn eines Betankungsvorganges strömt nunmehr zunächst über die At the beginning of a refueling process now flows over the first
Leitungsabschnitte 3 bzw. 4 und 5 verdichteter Wasserstoff aus den Hochdruck- Speicherbehältern A/B zu dem zu betankenden Speicherbehälter. Sobald die Line sections 3 or 4 and 5 compressed hydrogen from the high-pressure storage tanks A / B to the tank to be refueled. As soon as the
Speicherbehälter A/B entleert sind, wird über die Leitungsabschnitte 1 , 2 und 5 der mittels der Kryopumpe V auf einen Druck bis zu 900 bar komprimierte Wasserstoff dem Fahrzeugtank zugeführt. Von besonderem Vorteil ist, dass während des Überströmens des Mediums bzw. Wasserstoffs aus den Speichebehältern A B in den zu befüllenden Speicherbehälter der Wasserstoff entspannt wird und die dabei entstehende Storage tank A / B are emptied, is supplied via the line sections 1, 2 and 5 of the means of the cryopump V to a pressure of up to 900 bar compressed hydrogen to the vehicle tank. It is particularly advantageous that during the overflow of the medium or hydrogen from the storage tanks A B in the storage container to be filled, the hydrogen is released and the resulting
Entspannungskälte für die Kühlung der Kühlflüssigkeit 7 genutzt werden kann. Relaxation cooling for the cooling of the cooling liquid 7 can be used.
Sind die Hochdruck-Speicherbehälter A/B entleert, werden sie mittels der Kryopumpe V und/oder mittels des Kompressors V erneut befüllt. Im Falle der Befüllung der Hochdruck-Speicherbehälter A/B mittels der Kryopumpe V wird das verdichtete Medium über die Leitungsabschnitte 2 sowie 3 und/oder 4 den Hochdruck- Speicherbehältern A/B zugeführt. Hierbei können im Leitungsabschnitt 2 zwei If the high-pressure storage tank A / B emptied, they are filled again by means of the cryopump V and / or by means of the compressor V. In the case of filling the high-pressure storage tank A / B by means of the cryopump V, the compressed medium via the line sections 2 and 3 and / or 4, the high-pressure storage tanks A / B is supplied. Here, in the line section 2 two
Wärmetauscher E1 und E2 vorgesehen werden, wobei der in Strömungsrichtung erste Wärmetauscher E1 vorzugsweise als Luftwärmetauscher mit oder ohne Ventilator und/oder Elektroerhitzer ausgebildet ist, während der zweite Wärmetauscher E2 innerhalb der Kühlflüssigkeit 7 angeordnet ist. Dieser zweite Wärmetauscher E2 ist vorzugsweise als Rohrwärmetauscher ausgebildet. In ihm erfolgt ein  Heat exchangers E1 and E2 are provided, wherein the first heat exchanger E1 in the flow direction is preferably designed as an air heat exchanger with or without fan and / or electric heater, while the second heat exchanger E2 is disposed within the cooling liquid 7. This second heat exchanger E2 is preferably designed as a tube heat exchanger. It takes place in him
Temperaturausgleich auf die gewünschte Speichertemperatur. Analog zu den beschriebenen Wärmetauschern E1 und E2 können auch im Leitungsabschnitt 2' zwei Wärmetauscher E3 und E4 vorgesehen sein. Die Wärmetauscher E1 und/oder E3 sind insbesondere dann vorzusehen, wenn beim Befüllen der Hochdruck-Speicherbehälter A/B aufgrund eines unzureichenden Temperature compensation to the desired storage temperature. Analogous to the described heat exchangers E1 and E2, two heat exchangers E3 and E4 can also be provided in the line section 2 '. The heat exchangers E1 and / or E3 are to be provided in particular when, when filling the high-pressure storage tank A / B due to an insufficient
Wärmeübergangs zwischen Kühlflüssigkeit 7 und verdichtetem Medium nicht die volle Energiemenge bzw. Wärme auf das gespeicherte Medium übertragen werden kann. In derartigen Fällen müssen der Wärmetauscher E1 und/oder E3 diese Zuführung der erforderlichen Wärme gewährleisten. Heat transfer between the cooling liquid 7 and compressed medium not the full amount of energy or heat can be transferred to the stored medium. In such cases, the heat exchanger E1 and / or E3 must ensure this supply of the required heat.
Der Kompressor V ist üblicherweise für einen Druckbereich bis max. 450 bar ausgelegt, während Kryopumpen V gegenwärtig bis max. 900 bar verdichten. Aufgrund dieser unterschiedlichen Druckbereiche befüllen Kryopumpe V und Kompressor V in der Praxis unterschiedliche Hochdruck-Speicherbehälter A/B, weshalb bei dem in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel das mittels des Kompressors V verdichtete Medium über die Leitungsabschnitte 2' und 3 nur dem Hochdruck-Speicherbehälter A zugeführt wird. Über die gestrichelt dargestellte Leitung 2" kann das mittels des Kompressors V verdichtete Medium ebenfalls den Hochdruck-Speicherbehältern A/B zugeführt werden. The compressor V is usually for a pressure range up to max. 450 bar, while cryopumps V currently up to max. Compress 900 bar. Because of these different pressure ranges, cryopump V and compressor V in practice fill different high-pressure storage vessels A / B, which is why in the embodiment shown in the figure, the medium compressed by means of compressor V is supplied via line sections 2 'and 3 only to high-pressure storage vessel A. becomes. About the dashed line shown 2 ", the medium compressed by the compressor V also the high-pressure storage tanks A / B are supplied.
Das in der Figur 2 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel unterscheidet sich von dem in der Figur 1 dargestellten dadurch, dass nunmehr lediglich eine sog. "warme Kompression" realisiert wird. Der über die Leitungen 1 und/oder 1' aus dem Vorratsbehälter S abgezogene Wasserstoff wird nunmehr in einem dem Kompressor bzw. der The embodiment shown in Figure 2 differs from that shown in Figure 1 in that now only a so-called. "Warm compression" is realized. The withdrawn via the lines 1 and / or 1 'from the reservoir S hydrogen is now in a the compressor or the
Kompressionseinheit V vorgeschalteten Wärmetauscher E1\ der vorzugsweise als Luftwärmetauscher und/oder Elektroerhitzer ausgebildet ist, erwärmt. Während die Austrittstemperatur des Wasserstoffs in der Leitung 1 bzw. Γ der Siedetemperatur des Vorratsbehälters S entspricht und damit zwischen ca. 21 und 50 K liegt, beträgt dieCompression unit V upstream heat exchanger E1 \ is preferably designed as an air heat exchanger and / or electric heater heated. While the outlet temperature of the hydrogen in the line 1 or Γ corresponds to the boiling temperature of the reservoir S and thus is between about 21 and 50 K, the
Temperatur am Eintritt des Kompressors V ca. -20 bis -30 °C. Die Kompressionsarbeit des Kompressors V führt zu einer Anwärmung des verdichteten Mediums, so dass dessen Kompressor-Austrittstemperatur ca. 10 bis 150 °C beträgt. Das verdichtete Medium wird in einem dem Kompressor V nachgeschalteten Temperature at the inlet of the compressor V approx. -20 to -30 ° C. The compression work of the compressor V leads to a heating of the compressed medium, so that its compressor outlet temperature is about 10 to 150 ° C. The compressed medium is in a downstream of the compressor V.
Wärmetauscher E1", der vorzugsweise mit dem Wärmetauscher E1' thermisch gekoppelt ist, abgekühlt, vorzugsweise bereits auf die gewünschte Speichertemperatur von bspw. -20 oder -40 °C. Sofern noch erforderlich, erfolgt im Wärmetauscher E2 die Angleichung auf die exakte, gewünschte Speichertemperatur. Alternativ zu der in der Figur 2 dargestellten Verfahrensweise kann das zu verdichtende bzw. verdichtete Medium die thermisch gekoppelten Wärmetauscher EV und E1" im Gleich- oder Gegenstrom durchströmen. Heat exchanger E1 ", which is preferably thermally coupled to the heat exchanger E1 ', cooled, preferably already to the desired storage temperature of, for example -20 or -40 ° C. If still necessary, carried out in the heat exchanger E2, the alignment to the exact, desired storage temperature As an alternative to the procedure shown in Figure 2, the to be compacted or compressed Medium flow through the thermally coupled heat exchangers EV and E1 "in cocurrent or countercurrent.
Bei dem anhand der Figur 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel erfolgt nunmehr die Speicherung des zu verdichtenden Mediums in einem Vorratsbehälter S', vorzugsweise in einem Druckgasspeicher, der für die Speicherung von Medien im gasförmigen Zustand geeignet ist. Der über Leitung 1 aus dem Vorratsbehälter S' abgezogene Wasserstoff wird nunmehr in einem Kompressor bzw. einer Kompressionseinheit V auf den gewünschten Druck verdichtet. Die Kompressionsarbeit des Kompressors V führt zu einer Anwärmung des verdichteten Mediums, so dass dessen Kompressor- Austrittstemperatur ca. 10 bis 150 °C beträgt. In the embodiment illustrated with reference to FIG. 3, the storage of the medium to be compressed now takes place in a storage container S ', preferably in a compressed gas storage which is suitable for the storage of media in the gaseous state. The withdrawn via line 1 from the reservoir S 'hydrogen is now compressed in a compressor or a compression unit V to the desired pressure. The compression work of the compressor V leads to a heating of the compressed medium, so that its compressor outlet temperature is about 10 to 150 ° C.
Im Wärmetauscher E10 wird der verdichtete Wasserstoff auf annähernd In the heat exchanger E10, the compressed hydrogen is heated to approximately
Umgebungstemperatur oder etwa 10 bis 20 °C über Umgebungstemperatur abgekühlt. Der Wärmetauscher E10 ist üblicherweise als Luft-Wasser-Wärmetauscher Cooled at ambient temperature or about 10 to 20 ° C above ambient temperature. The heat exchanger E10 is usually as an air-water heat exchanger
ausgebildet. Im nachgeschalteten Wärmetauscher E11 erfolgt unter Einsatz einer Kälteanlage X eine Abkühlung des verdichteten Wasserstoffs auf die gewünschte Speichertemperatur. Der derart abgekühlte Wasserstoff wird nach Durchgang durch die Wärmetauscher E10 und E11 über Leitung 23 den Hochdruck-Speicherbehältern A/B zugeführt. educated. In the downstream heat exchanger E11 is carried out using a refrigeration system X, a cooling of the compressed hydrogen to the desired storage temperature. The thus cooled hydrogen is supplied to the high-pressure storage tanks A / B after passing through the heat exchangers E10 and E11 via line 23.
Die Kälteanlage X ist über die Kältemittel-Leitungen 30 und 31 mit dem The refrigeration system X is connected via the refrigerant lines 30 and 31 with the
Wärmetauscher E11 verbunden. Optional kann die Kälteanlage X über die Leitung 32 und den Wärmetauscher E12 der Kühlflüssigkeit 7 Wärme zuführen bzw. Wärme aus der Kühlflüssigkeit 7 abführen. Heat exchanger E11 connected. Optionally, the refrigeration system X via the line 32 and the heat exchanger E12 of the cooling liquid 7 heat or dissipate heat from the cooling liquid 7.
Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung sowie das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Befüllen eines Speicherbehälters mit einem verdichteten Medium schafft nunmehr die Möglichkeit, das einem zu befüllenden Speicherbehälter zuzuführende Medium zu jedem beliebigen Zeitpunkt und ohne Vorkühl- bzw. Vorlaufzeit bei einer gewünschten bzw. erforderlichen Temperatur bereitzustellen. Bei den zum Stand der Technik zählenden Verfahren steht die gewünschte niedrige Temperatur hingegen nur dann zur Verfügung, wenn die Druckerhöhungsmittel, wie Kryopumpe, in Betrieb sind. Bisher wurde der benötigte Medien-Massenstrom bei jedem Betankungsvorgang auf die erforderliche Temperatur angewärmt oder gekühlt. Dies führt jedoch zur Notwendigkeit, erhebliche Überkapazitäten bereitstellen zu müssen, um kurzfristig auf den Bedarf reagieren zu können. The inventive arrangement and the inventive method for filling a storage container with a compressed medium now provides the ability to provide the to be filled storage tank to be supplied medium at any time and without Vorkühl- or lead time at a desired or required temperature. By contrast, in the prior art method, the desired low temperature is only available when the pressure increasing means, such as the cryopump, are in operation. So far, the required mass flow media was warmed or cooled to the required temperature at each refueling operation. However, this leads to the need having to provide significant overcapacity in order to respond to demand in the short term.
Es sei betont, dass sowohl die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung als auch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Befüllen eines Speicherbehälters mit einem verdichteten Medium bei einer Vielzahl von Anwendungsfällen - und nicht nur bei der Betankung von Wasserstoff-Fahrzeugen - Verwendung finden kann. Insbesondere besitzt die Erfindung immer dann Vorteile, wenn ein verdichtetes Medium innerhalb eines geforderten Temperaturbereiches und innerhalb einer vergleichsweise kurzen Befüllzeit in einen zu befüllenden Speicherbehälter überführt werden soll. It should be emphasized that both the inventive arrangement and the inventive method for filling a storage container with a compressed medium in a variety of applications - and not only in the refueling of hydrogen vehicles - can be used. In particular, the invention always has advantages when a compressed medium is to be transferred within a required temperature range and within a comparatively short filling time in a storage container to be filled.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
Anordnung zum Befüllen eines Speicherbehälters, insbesondere eines Arrangement for filling a storage container, in particular a
Speicherbehälters eines Fahrzeuges, mit einem verdichteten Medium,  Storage container of a vehicle, with a compressed medium,
insbesondere mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff, aufweisend  in particular with compressed hydrogen, comprising
a) wenigstens einen Vorratsbehälter (S, S'), der der Speicherung des Mediums im flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Zustand dient,  a) at least one storage container (S, S ') which serves to store the medium in the liquid and / or gaseous state,
b) wenigstens eine Kryopumpe (V) und/oder wenigstens einen Kompressor (V), die bzw. der der Verdichtung des in dem Vorratsbehälter (S, S') gespeicherten Mediums dient,  b) at least one cryopump (V) and / or at least one compressor (V) serving for the compression of the medium stored in the reservoir (S, S '),
c) wenigstens einen Hockdruck-Speicherbehälter (A, B), der der  c) at least one high-pressure storage container (A, B), the
Zwischenspeicherung des verdichteten Mediums dient, und  Caching of the compressed medium is used, and
d) ein Leitungssystem (1 , 1', 2, 2',  d) a line system (1, 1 ', 2, 2',
2" ,3 - 5, 21 - 23), über das das Medium aus dem Vorratsbehälter (S, S') und/oder dem Hockdruck-Speicherbehälter (A, B) dem zu befüllenden Speicherbehälter zugeführt wird, 2 ", 3 - 5, 21 - 23), via which the medium from the storage container (S, S ') and / or the high-pressure storage container (A, B) is supplied to the storage container to be filled,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Hockdruck-Speicherbehälter (A, B) Mittel zum Kühlen und/oder Erwärmen zugeordnet sind.  characterized in that the high-pressure storage container (A, B) are associated with means for cooling and / or heating.
Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Kühlen und/oder Erwärmen des Hockdruck-Speicherbehälters (A, B) als ein den Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for cooling and / or heating the high pressure storage container (A, B) as a den
Hockdruck-Speicherbehälter (A, B) umgebender Behälter (6), in dem eine  High-pressure storage container (A, B) surrounding container (6), in which a
Kühlflüssigkeit (7) angeordnet ist, ausgebildet sind, wobei als Kühlflüssigkeit (7) vorzugsweise eine Glykol-Wassergemisch, ein Kühlöl und/oder eine  Coolant (7) is arranged are formed, wherein as the cooling liquid (7) preferably a glycol-water mixture, a cooling oil and / or a
Kaliumformiatlösung, wobei der Kühlflüssigkeit (7) vorzugsweise ein  Potassium formate, wherein the cooling liquid (7) is preferably a
Korrosionsschutzadditiv zugesetzt ist, verwendet wird.  Corrosion protection additive is added is used.
3. Anordnung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass innerhalb des 3. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that within the
Behälters (6) eine Umwälzpumpe (P), die der Umwälzung der Kühlflüssigkeit (7) dient, angeordnet ist.  Container (6) is a circulation pump (P), which serves for the circulation of the cooling liquid (7) is arranged.
4. Anordnung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das 4. Arrangement according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the
Leitungssystem (1 , 1', 2, 2', 2", 3 - 5, 21 - 23) zumindest teilweise mittels eines Kühlmediums gekühlt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kühlflüssigkeit (7) als Kühlmedium verwendet wird. Line system (1, 1 ', 2, 2', 2 ", 3 - 5, 21 - 23) is at least partially cooled by means of a cooling medium, characterized in that the cooling liquid (7) is used as the cooling medium.
5. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Kühlen und/oder Erwärmen des Hockdruck-Speicherbehälters (A, B) als eine dem bzw. den einzelnen Hockdruck-Speicherbehältern (A, B) zugeordnete Kühl- und/oder Heizvorrichtung ausgebildet sind. 5. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for cooling and / or heating of the high pressure storage container (A, B) as a the one or more high pressure storage containers (A, B) associated cooling and / or heating device are formed.
6. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kryopumpe (V) und/oder dem Kompressor (V') wenigstens ein Wärmetauscher (E1 , E1", E3, E10, E11), wobei dieser vorzugsweise als Luftwärmetauscher und/oder Elektroerhitzer ausgebildet ist, nachgeschaltet ist. 6. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cryopump (V) and / or the compressor (V ') at least one heat exchanger (E1, E1 ", E3, E10, E11), this preferably as an air heat exchanger and / or electric heater is formed, is connected downstream.
7. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Kompressor (V) wenigstens ein Wärmetauscher (Ε1'), wobei dieser vorzugsweise als Luftwärmetauscher und/oder Elektroerhitzer ausgebildet ist, vorgeschaltet ist. 7. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the compressor (V) at least one heat exchanger (Ε1 '), wherein this is preferably designed as an air heat exchanger and / or electric heater is connected upstream.
8. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest ein Teilbereich des Leitungssystems (1 , 1', 2, 2', 2", 3 - 5, 21 - 23), der innerhalb der Kühlflüssigkeit (7) angeordnet ist, als Wärmetauscher (E2, E4) ausgebildet ist. 8. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least a portion of the conduit system (1, 1 ', 2, 2', 2 ", 3 - 5, 21 - 23), within the cooling liquid (7) is arranged, as a heat exchanger (E2, E4) is formed.
9. Verfahren zum Befüllen eines Speicherbehälters, insbesondere eines 9. A method for filling a storage container, in particular a
Speicherbehälters eines Fahrzeuges, mit einem verdichteten Medium,  Storage container of a vehicle, with a compressed medium,
insbesondere mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff, wobei das Medium in wenigstens einem Hockdruck-Speicherbehälter zwischengespeichert wird und unmittelbar vor der Zuführung in den zu befüllenden Speicherbehälter eine innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Temperaturintervalles liegende Temperatur aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder die Hockdruck-Speicherbehälter (A, B), die der Zwischenspeicherung des Mediums dienen, gekühlt und/oder gewärmt werden.  in particular with compressed hydrogen, wherein the medium is temporarily stored in at least one high-pressure storage container and has a temperature within a predetermined temperature interval immediately before being fed into the storage container to be filled, characterized in that the or the high-pressure storage container (A, B) which serve to buffer the medium, to be cooled and / or warmed.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das in dem bzw. den Hockdruck-Speicherbehältern (A, B) zwischengespeicherte Medium im 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that in the or the high pressure storage containers (A, B) cached medium in
Wesentlichen bei der Temperatur, mit der es dem zu befüllenden Speicherbehälter zugeführt wird, zwischengespeichert wird.  Essentially at the temperature at which it is supplied to the storage container to be filled, is cached.
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JP2013504015A (en) 2013-02-04
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