DE102011109824A1 - Refueling a vehicle with a pressurized gaseous medium - Google Patents
Refueling a vehicle with a pressurized gaseous medium Download PDFInfo
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- DE102011109824A1 DE102011109824A1 DE102011109824A DE102011109824A DE102011109824A1 DE 102011109824 A1 DE102011109824 A1 DE 102011109824A1 DE 102011109824 A DE102011109824 A DE 102011109824A DE 102011109824 A DE102011109824 A DE 102011109824A DE 102011109824 A1 DE102011109824 A1 DE 102011109824A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/002—Automated filling apparatus
- F17C5/007—Automated filling apparatus for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
- F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
- F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
- F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0135—Pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0304—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using an electric heater
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
- F17C2227/0311—Air heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/03—Control means
- F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0631—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
- F17C2260/023—Avoiding overheating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/02—Mixing fluids
- F17C2265/022—Mixing fluids identical fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
- F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
- F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Abstract
Verfahren zum Betanken eines Fahrzeuges mit einem unter Druck stehenden, gasförmigen Medium, insbesondere mit unter Druck stehendem, gasförmigen Wasserstoff, wobei das Medium unmittelbar vor der Zuführung in den Fahrzeugtank eine innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Temperaturintervalles liegende Temperatur aufweist. Erfindungsgemäß – wird das Medium (1) ein- oder mehrstufig verdichtet (P), wobei die Temperatur des verdichteten Mediums (2, 3) nach der Verdichtung (P) unterhalb des vorgegebenen Temperaturintervalles liegt, – wird ein Teilstrom des verdichteten Mediums (2) auf eine Temperatur, die oberhalb des vorgegebenen Temperaturintervalles liegt, angewärmt (E, E'), und – werden der angewärmte Teilstrom des verdichteten Mediums (4) und der nicht angewärmte Teilstrom des verdichteten Mediums (3) in einem Verhältnis vermischt, dass die resultierende Mediumtemperatur (5) innerhalb des vorgegebenen Temperaturintervalles liegt.A method for refueling a vehicle with a pressurized, gaseous medium, in particular with pressurized, gaseous hydrogen, wherein the medium has a temperature within a predetermined temperature interval immediately before being fed into the vehicle tank. According to the invention, the medium (1) is compressed in one or more stages (P), the temperature of the compressed medium (2, 3) remaining below the predetermined temperature interval after compression (P), a partial flow of the compressed medium (2) being heated to a temperature which is above the predetermined temperature interval, heated (E, E '), and - the heated partial flow of the compressed medium (4) and the unheated partial flow of the compressed medium (3) are mixed in a ratio that the resulting Medium temperature (5) is within the specified temperature interval.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betanken eines Fahrzeuges mit einem unter Druck stehenden, gasförmigen Medium gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a method for refueling a vehicle with a pressurized, gaseous medium according to the preamble of
Unter dem Begriff ”Fahrzeug” seien nachfolgend alle Arten von Land-, Luft- und Wasser-Fahrzeugen zu verstehen, bei denen eine Betankung mit einem unter Druck stehenden, gasförmigen Medium, insbesondere mit Wasserstoff, realisierbar ist. Unter dem Begriff ”Medium” seien nachfolgend u. a. Gase und Gasgemische zu verstehen. Der Begriff ”Fahrzeugtank” umfasse alle Arten von Tanks bzw. Speicherbehälter, die für die Speicherung unter Druck stehender, gasförmiger Medien geeignet sind.The term "vehicle" are below all types of land, air and water vehicles to understand in which a refueling with a pressurized gaseous medium, in particular with hydrogen, can be realized. The term "medium" below u. a. To understand gases and gas mixtures. The term "vehicle tank" includes all types of tanks or storage tanks that are suitable for the storage of pressurized gaseous media.
Es existieren bereits Wasserstoff-Tankstellen, an denen Betankungen von Fahrzeugen mit gasförmigem Wasserstoff mit Drücken bis zu 700 bar realisiert werden. Bei derartigen Wasserstoff-Tankstellen wird dazu übergegangen, verflüssigten Wasserstoff in einem vorzugsweise mit einer Vakuumsuperisolierung versehenen Speicherbehälter zu speichern. Um den annähernd drucklos gelagerten flüssigen Wasserstoff auf den gewünschten Speicherdruck von bis zu 700 bar verdichten zu können, werden Flüssig- bzw. Kryopumpen vorgesehen. Die Komprimierung des Wasserstoffs mittels derartiger Kryopumpen ist vergleichsweise wirtschaftlich und kostengünstig, da im Falle der Flüssigförderung bzw. -komprimierung lediglich eine geringe Kompressionsarbeit zu leisten ist. Des Weiteren ist eine aufwändige Kühlung des derart verdichteten Wasserstoffstromes nicht mehr erforderlich, da die Temperatur am Ausgang der Kryopumpe mit etwa 50 bis 60 K vergleichsweise niedrig ist.There are already hydrogen filling stations at which fueling vehicles with gaseous hydrogen can be realized with pressures up to 700 bar. In such hydrogen filling stations is transferred to store liquefied hydrogen in a preferably provided with a vacuum super insulation storage container. In order to compress the approximately pressureless stored liquid hydrogen to the desired storage pressure of up to 700 bar, liquid or cryopumps are provided. The compression of the hydrogen by means of such cryopumps is comparatively economical and cost-effective, since in the case of liquid conveying or compression, only a small amount of compression work has to be done. Furthermore, a complex cooling of the hydrogen stream thus compressed is no longer necessary since the temperature at the outlet of the cryopump is comparatively low at about 50 to 60 K.
Um eine Überhitzung des Fahrzeugtanks zu vermeiden muss der verdichtete Wasserstoff jedoch (unmittelbar) vor der Zuführung in den Fahrzeugtank auf eine Temperatur von –40°C angewärmt werden. Aufgrund der Fahrzeugtankspezifikationen sind Temperaturen niedriger als –40°C ebenfalls nicht zulässig. Der dem Fahrzeugtank zuzuführende Wasserstoffstrom ist somit auf einem vergleichsweise engen Temperaturbereich von ca. –33 bis –40°C zu konditionieren.However, in order to avoid overheating of the vehicle tank, the compressed hydrogen must be warmed to a temperature of -40 ° C (immediately) before being fed to the vehicle tank. Due to vehicle tank specifications, temperatures lower than -40 ° C are also not permitted. The hydrogen flow to be supplied to the vehicle tank is thus to be conditioned to a comparatively narrow temperature range of approximately -33 to -40 ° C.
Ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Betanken eines Fahrzeuges mit einem unter Druck stehenden, gasförmigen Medium, bei dem das Medium vor der Zuführung in den Fahrzeugtank entsprechend konditioniert wird, ist bspw. in der
Die vorbeschriebenen Verfahrensweisen haben den Nachteil, dass der Wärmeaustausch mit der geforderten Temperaturgenauigkeit nur durch sehr lange Rohrleitungswendeln erreicht werden kann, da zur gewünschten Endtemperatur im Wärmetauscher nur ein geringer Temperaturunterschied zur Verfügung steht. Dies führt zu erheblichen Kosten für das kostenintensive 900 bar-Rohrmaterial und für dessen Bearbeitung (Rohrbiegen und Schweißen).The above-described methods have the disadvantage that the heat exchange with the required temperature accuracy can be achieved only by very long pipe helices, since only a small temperature difference is available for the desired end temperature in the heat exchanger. This leads to considerable costs for the cost-intensive 900 bar pipe material and for its processing (tube bending and welding).
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Betanken eines Fahrzeuges mit einem unter Druck stehenden, gasförmigen Medium anzugeben, das die vorgenannten Nachteile vermeidet, insbesondere eine möglichst einfache und kostengünstige Methode zur Konditionierung von verdichtetem Wasserstoff auf die geforderte Fülltemperatur von –33 bis –40°C bei Drücken zwischen 20 und ca. 870 bar ermöglicht.Object of the present invention is to provide a generic method for refueling a vehicle with a pressurized gaseous medium, which avoids the aforementioned disadvantages, in particular a simple and inexpensive method for conditioning of compressed hydrogen to the required filling temperature of -33 to -40 ° C at pressures between 20 and about 870 bar.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein Verfahren zum Betanken eines Fahrzeuges mit einem unter Druck stehenden, gasförmigen Medium vorgeschlagen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass
- – das Medium ein- oder mehrstufig verdichtet wird, wobei die Temperatur des verdichteten Mediums nach der Verdichtung unterhalb des vorgegebenen Temperaturintervalles liegt,
- – ein Teilstrom des verdichteten Mediums auf eine Temperatur, die oberhalb des vorgegebenen Temperaturintervalles liegt, angewärmt wird, und
- – der angewärmte Teilstrom des verdichteten Mediums und der nicht angewärmte Teilstrom des verdichteten Mediums in einem Verhältnis vermischt werden, dass die resultierende Mediumtemperatur innerhalb des vorgegebenen Temperaturintervalles liegt.
- The medium is compressed in one or more stages, the temperature of the compressed medium after the compression being below the predetermined temperature interval,
- - A partial flow of the compressed medium to a temperature which is above the predetermined temperature interval is warmed, and
- - The warmed partial flow of the compressed medium and the unheated partial flow of the compressed medium are mixed in a ratio that the resulting medium temperature is within the predetermined temperature interval.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Betanken eines Fahrzeuges, die Gegenstände der abhängigen Patentansprüche darstellen, sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
- – der anzuwärmende Teilstrom des verdichteten Mediums auf Umgebungstemperatur angewärmt wird,
- – die Anwärmung des anzuwärmenden Teilstromes des verdichteten Mediums mittels eines elektrischen Wärmetauschers, eines Umgebungsluftwärmetauschers und/oder eines Wärmetauschers, der die Wärme aus der Antriebskühlung der für die Verdichtung verwendeten Maschine(n) und/oder externe Wärmezufuhr nutzt, erfolgt, und/oder
- – dem angewärmten Teilstrom des verdichteten Mediums aus einer externen Quelle ein identisches oder im Wesentlichen identisches Medium zugeführt wird, wobei der nicht angewärmte Teilstrom des verdichteten Mediums, der angewärmte Teilstrom des verdichteten Mediums und der aus einer externen Quelle stammende Mediumstrom in einem Verhältnis vermischt werden, dass die resultierende Mediumtemperatur innerhalb des vorgegebenen Temperaturintervalles liegt.
- The part to be heated of the compressed medium is warmed to ambient temperature,
- The heating of the partial flow of the compressed medium to be heated takes place by means of an electrical heat exchanger, an ambient air heat exchanger and / or a heat exchanger which uses the heat from the drive cooling of the machine (s) used for the compression and / or external heat supply, and / or
- An identical or essentially identical medium is supplied to the warmed partial flow of the compressed medium from an external source, wherein the unheated partial flow of the compressed medium, the warmed partial flow of the compressed medium and the medium flow originating from an external source are mixed in a ratio, that the resulting medium temperature is within the predetermined temperature interval.
Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt nunmehr nach einer ein- oder mehrstufigen Verdichtung des Mediums eine Aufteilung in zwei Medienströme. Während einer dieser Ströme einer Anwärmung, vorzugsweise bis auf Umgebungstemperatur unterworfen wird, erfährt der zweite Medienstrom keine Anwärmung. Die Verdichtung des Mediums erfolgt im Falle Von Wasserstoff, der wie bereits erwähnt, vorzugsweise in flüssiger Form gespeichert wird, mittels der vorgenannten Flüssig- bzw. Kryopumpen. Nach erfolgter Anwärmung eines der beiden Medienströme werden sie mittels eines geeigneten Regelsystems auf die gewünschte Endtemperatur, die im Falle der derzeit realisierten Wasserstoff-Tankstellen zwischen –33 und –40°C liegt, gemischt. Das Regelsystem kann bspw. aus zwei Regelventilen oder einem kombiniertem Regelventil bestehen.According to the invention, a division into two media streams now takes place after a one-stage or multistage compression of the medium. While one of these flows is subjected to warming, preferably to ambient temperature, the second medium flow does not undergo warming. The compression of the medium takes place in the case of hydrogen, which, as already mentioned, preferably stored in liquid form, by means of the aforementioned liquid or cryopumps. After heating one of the two media streams they are mixed by means of a suitable control system to the desired final temperature, which is in the case of the currently realized hydrogen filling stations between -33 and -40 ° C. The control system may, for example, consist of two control valves or a combined control valve.
Der Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Betanken eines Fahrzeuges liegt insbesondere darin, dass aufgrund des Vermischens des angewärmten und des nicht angewärmten Medienstromes keine aufwändigen Wärmetauschersysteme, die das verdichtete Medium auf eine exakte Endtemperatur anzuwärmen vermögen, erforderlich sind. Durch das Vermischen bzw. das dafür vorzusehende Regelsystem kann aus den beiden unterschiedlichen Vorlauftemperaturen der Medienströme die gewünschte Endtemperatur eingestellt werden. Somit ist jederzeit eine Anpassung an die aktuelle Wärmetauscherleistung und/oder die gewünschte Endtemperatur realisierbar.The advantage of the method according to the invention for refueling a vehicle is, in particular, that due to the mixing of the warmed and unheated media stream, no complex heat exchanger systems capable of heating the compressed medium to an exact final temperature are required. By mixing or the control system to be provided for this, the desired end temperature can be set from the two different flow temperatures of the media streams. Thus, at any time an adaptation to the current heat exchanger performance and / or the desired final temperature can be realized.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betanken eines Fahrzeuges eignet sich insbesondere für Wasserstoff-Tankstellen, bei denen eine Flüssig-Wasserstoff-Speicherung realisiert und Flüssig-Wasserstoff-Pumpen bzw. Kaltgaskompressoren als Druckerhöhungsmittel zur Anwendung kommen, da deren Austrittstemperaturen weit unterhalb der üblicherweise vorgegebenen Temperaturintervalle liegen. So beträgt die Austrittstemperatur eines Kaltgaskompressors ca. –100°C, während sie bei einer Flüssig-Wasserstoff-Pumpe ca. –210°C beträgt.The inventive method for refueling a vehicle is particularly suitable for hydrogen refueling stations, in which realizes a liquid-hydrogen storage and liquid-hydrogen pumps or cold gas compressors used as pressure booster, since their outlet temperatures are far below the usually predetermined temperature intervals. Thus, the exit temperature of a cold gas compressor is about -100 ° C, while it is about -210 ° C for a liquid-hydrogen pump.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betanken eines Fahrzeuges mit einem unter Druck stehenden, gasförmigen Medium sowie weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen desselben seien nachfolgend anhand des in der
Die
Über Leitung
Der verdichtete Wasserstoff wird nunmehr erfindungsgemäß in zwei Teilströme
Anschließend werden die beiden Wasserstoff-Teilströme
Es ist für einen Fachmann offensichtlich, dass anstelle der beiden Regelventile V1 und V2 andere Regelvorrichtungen, wie bspw. ein kombiniertes Regelventil Anwendung finden können. Mittels der Regelventile V1 und V2 kann aus den beiden unterschiedlichen Vorlauftemperaturen der Wasserstoff-Teilströme
Eine Beeinflussung der Temperatur des Wasserstoff-Stromes
Es sei nochmals betont, dass das vorbeschriebene erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betanken eines Fahrzeuges nicht nur bei der Betankung von Fahrzeugen mit komprimiertem gasförmigem Wasserstoff zur Anwendung kommen kann, sondern im Prinzip bei allen vergleichbaren Medien.It should again be emphasized that the above-described method according to the invention for refueling a vehicle can be used not only for the refueling of vehicles with compressed gaseous hydrogen, but in principle for all comparable media.
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- DE 102009019275 A [0005] DE 102009019275 A [0005]
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (2)
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DE102011109824A DE102011109824A1 (en) | 2011-08-09 | 2011-08-09 | Refueling a vehicle with a pressurized gaseous medium |
PCT/EP2012/003260 WO2013020665A1 (en) | 2011-08-09 | 2012-07-31 | Fueling a vehicle with a pressurized gaseous medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE102011109824A DE102011109824A1 (en) | 2011-08-09 | 2011-08-09 | Refueling a vehicle with a pressurized gaseous medium |
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WO2017186337A1 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for filling a high pressure storage tank |
WO2020098617A1 (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-05-22 | China Energy Investment Corporation Limited | Method and system of dispensing liquefied gas |
WO2021165123A1 (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2021-08-26 | Messer Group Gmbh | Apparatus and method for generating a temperature-controlled cold gas stream |
EP3882506A1 (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-09-22 | L'air Liquide Société Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | System for controlling co2 temperature in steam outlet |
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DE102021004689B8 (en) | 2021-09-16 | 2023-03-30 | Messer Se & Co. Kgaa | Device and method for filling a vehicle tank with compressed gaseous hydrogen |
DE102022000752A1 (en) | 2022-03-03 | 2023-09-07 | Messer Se & Co. Kgaa | Device and method for filling a container with compressed gaseous hydrogen |
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DE102009019275A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 | 2010-04-15 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Refueling vehicles with pressurized gaseous media |
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DE102009019275A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 | 2010-04-15 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Refueling vehicles with pressurized gaseous media |
Cited By (8)
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WO2017186337A1 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for filling a high pressure storage tank |
CN109073157A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2018-12-21 | 林德股份公司 | Method and apparatus for filling high pressure storage tank |
WO2020098617A1 (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-05-22 | China Energy Investment Corporation Limited | Method and system of dispensing liquefied gas |
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WO2021165123A1 (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2021-08-26 | Messer Group Gmbh | Apparatus and method for generating a temperature-controlled cold gas stream |
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EP3882506A1 (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-09-22 | L'air Liquide Société Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | System for controlling co2 temperature in steam outlet |
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