CN116950139A - Stable framework compact structure, impermeable composite material, impermeable layer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Stable framework compact structure, impermeable composite material, impermeable layer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;calcium;potassium;silicon;sodium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Na].[Al].[Si].[K].[Ca] JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001603 clinoptilolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 32
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 soapstone Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/30—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and other binders, e.g. synthetic material, i.e. resin
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/16—Sealings or joints
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/10—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against soil pressure or hydraulic pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a stable skeleton compact structure, an impermeable composite material, an impermeable layer and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of impermeable materials, wherein the stable skeleton compact structure is formed by graded broken stone with the grain size range of 4.75-19 mm, and the graded broken stone is formed by mixing broken stone with the grain size range of 4.75-9.5 mm, the grain size range of 9.5-16 mm and the grain size range of 16-19 mm. The stable framework compact structure and the impermeable material provided by the invention can not only improve the impermeable efficiency of the existing impermeable material so as to reduce the leakage disposal cost, but also remarkably improve the physical and mechanical properties of the impermeable layer, the stability of freeze thawing cycle and dry-wet cycle and the stability of the upper structure of the impermeable layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of impermeable materials, in particular to a stable framework compact structure, an impermeable composite material, an impermeable layer, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the continuous perfection of urban construction and the increasing importance of people on ecological environment, wetland parks and artificial lakes have become indispensable leisure greenbelts in modern cities. However, artificial lakes present serious challenges in water barrier. Although the composite geomembrane, the GCL waterproof blanket and other anti-seepage materials used at present have certain effects, the problems of higher construction requirements, low anti-seepage efficiency, potential damage to ecology and the like still exist in practical application, so the research and development and application of the novel anti-seepage material are particularly urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a stable framework compact structure, which not only can improve the seepage prevention efficiency of the existing seepage prevention material so as to reduce the seepage disposal cost, but also can improve the CBR value of the seepage prevention layer, namely, can improve the bearing capacity of the seepage prevention layer and increase the stability of the upper structure of the seepage prevention layer.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a composite impermeable material, which not only can improve the impermeable efficiency of the existing impermeable material so as to reduce the leakage disposal cost, but also can obviously improve the physical and mechanical properties of the impermeable layer, the stability of freeze thawing cycle and dry-wet cycle and the stability of the upper structure of the impermeable layer.
The invention further aims to provide a preparation method of the composite impermeable material, which is simple in operation steps, low in production cost and easy for large-scale preparation.
The invention aims at providing an impermeable layer which not only can improve the impermeable efficiency of the existing impermeable layer so as to reduce the leakage disposal cost, but also has good physical and mechanical properties, freeze thawing cycle and dry and wet cycle stability and increases the stability of structures on the upper part of the impermeable layer.
It is a fifth object of the present invention to provide the use of an impermeable layer to increase the CBR value of the impermeable layer to increase the stability of the superstructure of said impermeable layer.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the stable skeleton compact structure is formed by graded broken stones, the grain size range of the graded broken stones is 4.75-19 mm, and the graded broken stones are formed by mixing broken stones with the grain size range of 4.75-9.5 mm, the grain size range of 9.5-16 mm and the grain size range of 16-19 mm.
Further, the screening method of the crushed stone comprises the following steps:
s1, screening the crushed stone with a square screen with a screen mesh size of 4.75mm, screening the screen residues in the square screen with a screen mesh size of 9.5mm, and reserving the screen residues to obtain crushed stone with a particle size range of 4.75-9.5 mm for later use;
s2, screening the crushed stones by a square screen with the screen hole size of 9.5mm, screening the screen residues in the square screen by a square screen with the screen hole size of 16mm, and reserving screen residues to obtain crushed stones with the grain size range of 9.5-16 mm for later use;
s3, screening the crushed stones by a square screen with the screen hole size of 16mm, screening the screen residues in the square screen by a square screen with the screen hole size of 19mm, and reserving screen residues to obtain crushed stones with the particle size range of 16-19 mm for later use.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the composite impervious material consists of graded broken stone 60-70 wt% and swelling clay 30-40 wt%.
Further, the swelling clay is one or a combination of more than two of bentonite, attapulgite, saponite, kaolinite and clinoptilolite.
Further, the composite material comprises 60-70% of graded broken stone and 30-40% of B component by weight percent, wherein the B component comprises the following raw materials by weight percent:
further, the component B comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
further, the composite material comprises 60-70% of graded broken stone, 20-30% of B component, 1-5%C component and 1-5% of D component by weight percent, wherein the C component comprises the following raw materials by weight percent:
the component D comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
the third purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the composite impermeable material comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, putting the raw materials in the component B into a mixer according to mass percent, and uniformly mixing, wherein the rotating speed of the mixer is 1000-1500 r/min, and the mixing time is 1-2 min, so as to obtain a first premix;
s2, mixing the raw materials in the first premix and the component D according to the weight ratio of (20-30) (1-5), adding water, stirring and mixing for 2-4 min, wherein the stirring speed is 60-90 r/min, and obtaining a second premix;
s3, adding the raw materials in the graded broken stone and the component C into the second premix, continuously adding water, and stirring and mixing for 3-5 min to obtain the composite impermeable material.
The fourth purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
and (3) constructing the stable skeleton compact structure or the composite impermeable material to a leakage treatment position to form the impermeable layer.
It is a fifth object of the present invention to provide the use of an impermeable layer to increase the CBR value of the impermeable layer or to increase the stability of the superstructure of said impermeable layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Compared with single-grading crushed stone, the stable skeleton compact structure provided by the invention not only can improve the seepage prevention efficiency and reduce the seepage disposal cost, but also can improve the CBR value of the seepage prevention layer, namely can improve the bearing capacity of the seepage prevention layer to more than 120, can directly build a structure on the seepage prevention layer, and has good stability.
(2) The composite impermeable material provided by the invention can not only improve the impermeable efficiency and the construction efficiency of the existing impermeable material so as to reduce the leakage disposal cost, but also remarkably improve the physical and mechanical properties, freeze thawing cycle performance and dry and wet cycle performance of an impermeable layer and increase the stability of an upper structure of the impermeable layer; the nano silicon dioxide particles have the characteristic of high dispersion in graded broken stone pores, the specific surface area of the particles is high, the influence of electrostatic force on the swelling clay to a great extent is eliminated, the grading of the swelling clay is improved, gel-based external gel is formed after hydration, the bonding performance among graded broken stone particles is greatly enhanced, the unconfined compressive strength and the split tensile strength of the composite impermeable material are obviously improved compared with those of the conventional impermeable method, and the unconfined compressive capacity of the composite impermeable material is improved by 30% after the nano silicon dioxide particles are added; further, after phosphogypsum is added, a compact honeycomb structure is formed in the gel-based outer gel, so that a seepage channel is complicated, the low water conductivity is maintained, and the stability of freeze thawing cycle and dry-wet cycle is enhanced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a stable skeleton compact structure provided in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged partial schematic view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a picture of a scenario of dry impermeable construction in an application example.
Fig. 4 is a picture of a situation with water surface on which the anti-seepage construction is carried out in the application example.
Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of the use of a barrier layer formed from a stabilized skeletal compact structure provided in example 1 to increase the stability of the barrier layer superstructure.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be noted that, on the premise of no conflict, new embodiments may be formed by any combination of the embodiments or technical features described below.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a stable skeleton compact structure, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, which is formed by graded broken stones with the particle size range of 4.75-19 mm, wherein the graded broken stones are formed by mixing broken stones with the particle size range of 4.75-9.5 mm, the particle size range of 9.5-16 mm and the particle size range of 16-19 mm.
Wherein, the screening method of the crushed stone comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing limestone to obtain crushed stones with different particle sizes, screening the crushed stones with square screens with screen hole sizes of 4.75mm, screening screen residues in the square screens with screen hole sizes of 9.5mm, and reserving undersize, namely the crushed stones with the particle sizes of 4.75-9.5 mm for later use;
s2, screening crushed stones by a square sieve with a mesh size of 9.5mm, screening screen residues in the square sieve by a square sieve with a mesh size of 16mm, and reserving undersize, namely the crushed stones with the grain size range of 9.5-16 mm for later use;
s3, screening the crushed stones by a square screen with the screen hole size of 16mm, screening the screen residues in the square screen by a square screen with the screen hole size of 19mm, and reserving the undersize, namely the crushed stones with the grain size range of 16-19 mm for later use.
The screen mesh process in the concrete implementation is shown in Table 1
TABLE 1
Example 2
The embodiment provides a composite impermeable material which comprises 60% graded broken stone and 40% bentonite by weight percent.
The preparation method of the composite impermeable material provided by the embodiment comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, putting bentonite into a mixer according to weight percentage, and uniformly mixing, wherein the rotating speed of the mixer is 1000r/min, and the mixing time is 2min, so as to obtain a first premix;
s2, adding graded broken stone into the first premix, continuously adding water, and stirring and mixing for 5min to obtain the composite impermeable material.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a composite impermeable material which comprises 65% graded broken stone and 35% attapulgite by weight percent.
The preparation method of the composite impermeable material provided by the embodiment comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, putting attapulgite into a mixer according to weight percentage, and uniformly mixing, wherein the rotating speed of the mixer is 1500r/min, and the mixing time is 1min, so as to obtain a first premix;
s2, adding graded broken stone into the first premix, continuously adding water, and stirring and mixing for 3min to obtain the composite impermeable material.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a composite impermeable material which comprises 70% graded broken stone and 30% soapstone by weight percent.
The preparation method of the composite impermeable material provided by the embodiment comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, putting soapstone into a mixer according to weight percentage, and uniformly mixing, wherein the rotating speed of the mixer is 1200r/min, and the mixing time is 1min, so as to obtain a first premix;
s2, adding graded broken stone into the first premix, continuously adding water, and stirring and mixing for 3min to obtain the composite impermeable material.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a composite impermeable material which comprises 70% graded broken stone and 30% kaolinite by weight percent.
The preparation method of the composite impermeable material provided by the embodiment comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, putting kaolinite into a mixer according to weight percentage, and uniformly mixing, wherein the rotation speed of the mixer is 1200r/min, and the mixing time is 1min, so as to obtain a first premix;
s2, adding graded broken stone into the first premix, continuously adding water, and stirring and mixing for 3min to obtain the composite impermeable material.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a composite impermeable material which comprises 70% graded broken stone and 30% clinoptilolite by weight percent.
The preparation method of the composite impermeable material provided by the embodiment comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, putting clinoptilolite into a mixer according to weight percentage, and uniformly mixing, wherein the rotation speed of the mixer is 1200r/min, and the mixing time is 1min, so as to obtain a first premix;
s2, adding graded broken stone into the first premix, continuously adding water, and stirring and mixing for 3min to obtain the composite impermeable material.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a composite impermeable material, which comprises 70% graded broken stone and 30% of B component by weight percent, wherein the B component comprises the following raw materials by weight percent:
the preparation method of the composite impermeable material provided by the embodiment comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, sequentially adding bentonite, attapulgite, soapstone, kaolinite, nanoscale silicon dioxide, phosphogypsum and clinoptilolite into a mixer according to weight percentage, and uniformly mixing at the rotating speed of 1000r/min for 2min to obtain a first premix;
s2, adding graded broken stone into the first premix, continuously adding water, and stirring and mixing for 5min to obtain the composite impermeable material.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a composite impermeable material, which comprises 70% graded broken stone and 30% of B component by weight percent, wherein the B component comprises the following raw materials by weight percent:
the preparation method of the composite impermeable material provided by the embodiment is prepared according to the preparation method of the embodiment 6.
Example 8
The embodiment provides a composite impermeable material, which comprises 70% graded broken stone and 30% of B component by weight percent, wherein the B component comprises the following raw materials by weight percent:
the preparation method of the composite impermeable material provided by the embodiment is prepared according to the preparation method of the embodiment 6.
Example 9
The embodiment provides a composite impermeable material, which comprises 60% graded broken stone, 30% B component, 5%C component and 5% D component by weight percentage, wherein the B component comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage:
the component C comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
the component D comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
the preparation method of the composite impermeable material comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, putting the raw materials in the component B into a mixer according to the mass percentage, and uniformly mixing, wherein the rotating speed of the mixer is 1000r/min, and the mixing time is 2min, so as to obtain a first premix;
s2, mixing the raw materials in the first premix and the component D, adding water, stirring and mixing for 4min, wherein the stirring speed is 90r/min, and obtaining a second premix;
s3, adding the raw materials in the graded broken stone and the component C into the second premix, continuously adding water, and stirring and mixing for 5min to obtain the composite impermeable material.
Example 10
The embodiment provides a composite impermeable material, which comprises 70% of graded broken stone, 28% of B component, 1% of C component and 1% of D component in percentage by weight, wherein the B component comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
the component C comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
the component D comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
the preparation method of the composite impermeable material comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, putting the raw materials in the component B into a mixer according to the mass percentage, and uniformly mixing, wherein the rotating speed of the mixer is 1200r/min, and the mixing time is 1min, so as to obtain a first premix;
s2, mixing the raw materials in the first premix and the component D, adding water, stirring and mixing for 2min, wherein the stirring speed is 60r/min, and obtaining a second premix;
s3, adding the raw materials in the graded broken stone and the component C into the second premix, continuously adding water, and stirring and mixing for 3min to obtain the composite impermeable material.
Example 11
The embodiment provides a composite impermeable material, which comprises 70% graded broken stone, 20% B component, 5%C component and 5% D component by weight percentage, wherein the B component comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage:
the component C comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
the component D comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
the preparation method of the composite impermeable material comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, putting the raw materials in the component B into a mixer according to the mass percentage, and uniformly mixing, wherein the rotating speed of the mixer is 1500r/min, and the mixing time is 2min, so as to obtain a first premix;
s2, mixing the raw materials in the first premix and the component D, adding water, stirring and mixing for 3min, wherein the stirring speed is 80r/min, and obtaining a second premix;
s3, adding the raw materials in the graded broken stone and the component C into the second premix, continuously adding water, and stirring and mixing for 4min to obtain the composite impermeable material.
Example 12
The embodiment provides a composite impermeable material, which comprises 70% graded broken stone, 20% B component, 5%C component and 5% D component by weight percentage, wherein the B component comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage:
the component C comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
the component D comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
the preparation method of the composite impermeable material comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, putting the raw materials in the component B into a mixer according to the mass percentage, and uniformly mixing, wherein the rotating speed of the mixer is 1500r/min, and the mixing time is 2min, so as to obtain a first premix;
s2, mixing the raw materials in the first premix and the component D, adding water, stirring and mixing for 3min, wherein the stirring speed is 80r/min, and obtaining a second premix;
s3, adding the raw materials in the graded broken stone and the component C into the second premix, continuously adding water, and stirring and mixing for 4min to obtain the composite impermeable material.
Example 13
The embodiment provides a composite impermeable material, which comprises 70% graded broken stone, 20% B component, 5%C component and 5% D component by weight percentage, wherein the B component comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage:
the component C comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
the component D comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
the preparation method of the composite impermeable material comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, putting the raw materials in the component B into a mixer according to the mass percentage, and uniformly mixing, wherein the rotating speed of the mixer is 1500r/min, and the mixing time is 2min, so as to obtain a first premix;
s2, mixing the raw materials in the first premix and the component D, adding water, stirring and mixing for 3min, wherein the stirring speed is 80r/min, and obtaining a second premix;
s3, adding the raw materials in the graded broken stone and the component C into the second premix, continuously adding water, and stirring and mixing for 4min to obtain the composite impermeable material.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a composite impermeable material comprising 70% graded broken stone and 30% of B component in weight percent, which is different from example 6 in that the B component does not contain nano-scale silicon dioxide and comprises the following raw materials in weight percent:
the preparation method of the composite impermeable material of the comparative example is shown in example 6.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a composite impermeable material comprising 70% graded broken stone and 30% of B component in weight percent, wherein the B component is free of phosphogypsum and comprises the following raw materials in weight percent:
the preparation method of the composite impermeable material of the comparative example is shown in example 6.
Experimental example
1. Permeability test
Principle of: taking an undisturbed soil sample by using a ring cutter, and obtaining the water flow speed of unit soil cross section area perpendicular to the water flow direction under the unit water pressure gradient according to Darcy's law after soaking, wherein the water flow speed is called the saturated water conductivity or permeability coefficient of the soil.
Test method
Instrument: cutting ring (diameter 61.8mm, height 4.0 cm), measuring cylinder (10 mL), beaker (100 mL), funnel, stopwatch, thermometer.
The operation steps are as follows: s1, respectively pushing a stable framework compact structure provided in the embodiment 1, a composite impermeable material provided in the embodiments 2-13 and a composite impermeable material provided in the comparative examples 1-2 into a cutting ring, immersing in water, and keeping the water surface flush with the upper opening of the cutting ring when immersing in water, so that the water does not submerge into the soil surface of the upper opening of the cutting ring.
S2, taking out the ring cutter in a preset time, removing the cover, sleeving an empty ring cutter on the ring cutter, sealing the joint by using adhesive tape, and bonding by using molten wax, so that water leakage from the joint is prevented. The joined ring blade was then placed on a funnel, and the underside of the funnel was received in a 100mL beaker.
S3, adding water into the upper hollow ring cutter, wherein the water surface is 1mm lower than the ring cutter opening, and the water layer is 5cm thick.
S4, after water is added, a stopwatch is used for timing when the first water is dripped from the lower surface of the funnel, the beakers (the interval time is determined according to the permeation speed) under the funnel are replaced every 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 … … tn min, and the seepage water quantity Q1, Q2 and Q3 … … Qn are respectively measured by using a 10mL measuring cylinder. For each beaker replacement, the water surface of the upper ring cutter is increased to the original height, and the water temperature is recorded by a thermometer.
S5, the test is generally started to be stable after about 1 h. If unstable, the time should be continued until the amount of water exuded per unit time is equal.
The permeability coefficient is calculated according to darcy's law:
Kt＝(10×Qn×L)/(tn×S×(h+L))
in the formula:
kt- -permeability coefficient at temperature t (. Degree.C.), mm/min;
qn- -n times the water quantity, mL, i.e. cm 3 ；
tn- -the time interval between each infiltration, min;
s- -cross-sectional area of cutting ring, cm 2 ；
h, the thickness of the water layer is cm;
l- -the thickness of the aqueous layer, cm.
The permeation coefficients of a stable skeletal compact structure provided in example 1, a composite permeation preventing material provided in examples 2 to 13, and a composite permeation preventing material provided in comparative examples 1 to 2 were repeatedly tested 8 times, and arithmetic average values thereof were taken.
The results show that: the stable skeleton compact structure provided in the embodiment 1, the composite impermeable materials provided in the embodiments 2 to 13 and the composite impermeable material provided in the comparative example 2 can improve the impermeable efficiency, thereby reducing the leakage disposal cost, and the CBR value of the impermeable layer can be improved, namely the bearing capacity of the impermeable layer can be improved, and the CBR is improved to more than 120. The composite impermeable material provided in comparative example 1 has an impermeable efficiency comparable to that of a stable skeletal compact structure provided in example 1, since it does not contain nanoscale silica.
2. Dry and wet cycle and freeze thawing cycle stability test
The composite impermeable materials provided in examples 6 to 8 and the composite impermeable materials provided in comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to dry-wet cycle and freeze-thawing cycle stability tests, respectively, as follows:
dry-wet cycle: oven drying, cooling, and soaking for 24h.
Freezing and thawing cycle: freezing at-25deg.C for 24 hr, taking out at constant temperature of 20+ -1 deg.C, and standing for 24 hr.
The results show that: the composite impermeable materials provided in examples 6 to 8 and the composite impermeable material provided in comparative example 1 have good stability in dry-wet cycle and freeze-thawing cycle, and the composite impermeable material provided in comparative example 2 has poor stability in dry-wet cycle and freeze-thawing cycle, which means that after phosphogypsum is added, a compact honeycomb structure is formed in the gel-based outer gel, so that a seepage channel is complicated, the low water conductivity is maintained, and the stability of freeze-thawing cycle and dry-wet cycle is enhanced.
Application example
Embodiment one: dry land seepage-proofing construction
The composite impermeable material provided by the embodiment 1 and the stable framework compact structure provided by the embodiments 2-13 is subjected to impermeable construction on dry land, the composite impermeable material is uniformly paved in a seepage area to form an impermeable layer with the thickness of about 10cm, a protective layer is implemented above the impermeable layer according to the water flow condition, and the impermeable requirement can be met after the construction is completed.
Embodiment two: water seepage-proofing construction
The composite impermeable material provided by the embodiment 1 and the composite impermeable material provided by the embodiments 2-13 is subjected to impermeable construction on the water surface, and the composite impermeable material can be directly sprayed on the water surface of a leakage area to form an impermeable layer with the thickness of about 10-15 cm, wherein the leakage condition of an artificial lake is relieved after 8 hours after spraying, and the leakage condition is controlled after 24 hours. The composite anti-seepage material is convenient and quick to construct, provides a high-efficiency solution for the anti-seepage of the artificial lake, and overcomes the difficulty that the traditional anti-seepage structure cannot be constructed in a water-carrying state.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, but any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The stable skeleton compact structure is characterized by being formed by graded broken stones, wherein the grain size range of the graded broken stones is 4.75-19 mm, and the graded broken stones are formed by mixing broken stones with the grain size range of 4.75-9.5 mm, the grain size range of 9.5-16 mm and the grain size range of 16-19 mm.
2. A stable skeletal compacting according to claim 1, wherein the screening method of crushed stone comprises the steps of:
s1, screening the crushed stone with a square screen with a screen mesh size of 4.75mm, screening the screen residues in the square screen with a screen mesh size of 9.5mm, and reserving the screen residues to obtain crushed stone with a particle size range of 4.75-9.5 mm for later use;
s2, screening the crushed stones by a square screen with the screen hole size of 9.5mm, screening the screen residues in the square screen by a square screen with the screen hole size of 16mm, and reserving screen residues to obtain crushed stones with the grain size range of 9.5-16 mm for later use;
s3, screening the crushed stones by a square screen with the screen hole size of 16mm, screening the screen residues in the square screen by a square screen with the screen hole size of 19mm, and reserving screen residues to obtain crushed stones with the particle size range of 16-19 mm for later use.
3. The composite impervious material is characterized by comprising 60-70% of graded broken stone and 30-40% of swelling clay by weight percent.
4. A composite impermeable material according to claim 3, wherein said swelling clay is one or a combination of two or more of bentonite, attapulgite, saponite, kaolinite, clinoptilolite.
5. The composite impermeable material is characterized by comprising 60-70% of graded broken stone and 30-40% of B component by weight percent, wherein the B component comprises the following raw materials by weight percent:
6. the composite impermeable material of claim 5, wherein said B component comprises the following raw materials in weight percent:
7. the composite impermeable material according to claim 5, wherein the composite impermeable material comprises, by weight, 60-70% of graded broken stone, 20-30% of a component B, 1-5%C and 1-5% of a component D, and the component C comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
8. the method for preparing the composite impermeable material as claimed in claim 7, which comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, putting the raw materials in the component B into a mixer according to mass percent, and uniformly mixing, wherein the rotating speed of the mixer is 1000-1500 r/min, and the mixing time is 1-2 min, so as to obtain a first premix;
s2, mixing the raw materials in the first premix and the component D according to the weight ratio of (20-30) (1-5), adding water, stirring and mixing for 2-4 min, wherein the stirring speed is 60-90 r/min, and obtaining a second premix;
s3, adding the raw materials in the graded broken stone and the component C into the second premix, continuously adding water, and stirring and mixing for 3-5 min to obtain the composite impermeable material.
9. A barrier layer formed by applying a stable skeletal compact structure according to any one of claims 1-2 or a composite barrier material according to any one of claims 3-7 to a leak disposal site.
10. Use of a barrier layer according to claim 9 for increasing the CBR value of the barrier layer or for increasing the stability of an superstructure of said barrier layer.
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