CN103304250A - High water-storage concrete - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses high water-storage concrete so as to solve the problem that the concrete does not has water-permeable and water-storage characteristics at the same time in the prior art. The high water-storage concrete comprises the following materials: cement and coarse aggregates, wherein the coarse aggregates comprise red brick particles. The high water-storage concrete is porous concrete formed by stirring the coarse aggregates, the cement, water and an admixture through a stirring process, does not contain fine aggregates, and is of a honeycomb structure with uniformly distributed holes which are formed by coating thin-layer cement slurries on the surface of the coarse aggregates and adhering the thin-layer cement slurries to each other; a large proportion of unclosed communication holes are contained inside the high water-storage concrete, so that the high water-storage concrete has the characteristics of water storage, water permeability, ventilation and light weight, and is an environmentally-friendly building material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of concrete.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of China's economy and Urbanization Construction, city size sharply expands, city's green areas is fewer and feweri, the substitute is a large amount of concrete roads and terrace, these material heat absorption capacities are strong, under sun direct projection, temperature on the road is higher about 18 degrees centigrade than the temperature on the soil, cement roof temperature is higher about 20 degrees centigrade than the temperature on the meadow, and absorb heat daytime in a large number, continues distribute heat night.Wherein the black Color Reflectance of asphalt road is very low, and the heat of absorption will be much higher than light-colored place.In addition, because soil can not carry out thermal exchange and moisture control with the earth's surface, so the urban surface temperature and humidity can't be regulated, urban heat land effect appears.Except large Climatic Effects, the quickening of Process of Urbanization Construction, the ground that raised growth green vegetation is replaced by concrete, make the heat energy that produces after the solar radiation can't be absorbed very soon, spread, caused the aggravation of urban heat land effect, the evaporation of moisture can effectively reduce city temperature in the road surface.Because normal concrete does not possess permeable, water storage two specific characters simultaneously, lack the reduction that water storage is unfavorable for city temperature, can cause the surface gathered water in rainy season and lack water-permeable, affect vehicle driving safety.
Summary of the invention
The invention is intended to provide a kind of high water storage concrete, concrete does not possess problems permeable, water storage two specific characters simultaneously in the prior art to solve.
High water storage concrete in this programme includes following material: cement and coarse aggregate comprise the common brick particle in the coarse aggregate.
High temperature, waterlogging show that the urban ecology fragility has arrived very important degree, and the fine solution appeal of the concrete water storage of high water storage and water-permeable and air permeable performance problem.Because good water storage and water-permeable and air permeable is accumulated in the moisture evaporation of high water storage concrete the inside, can reduce by 3-4 degrees centigrade of surface temperatures, reduces tropical island effect; Rainy season, rainwater can rapid permeability to underground and timely recharge of groundwater, again can storage compartment water in high water storage concrete, greatly reduce the waterlogging disaster occurrence frequency, also alleviated to a certain extent the pressure of road surface drainage.High water storage concrete is the cellular concrete that is stirred into through certain stirring technique by coarse aggregate, cement, water and admixture, do not contain fine aggregate, coat pellicular water mud by coarse aggregate surface and mutually bond and form the equally distributed polynuclear plane in hole, the non-sealing communicating aperture of significant proportion is contained in its inside.Therefore have water storage, the characteristics such as permeable, ventilative, lightweight, be a kind of environmentally friendly material of construction, its research is used and more and more is subject to people's attention.High water storage concrete advantage:
1. high water storage concrete has good water storage and ventilative water permeability, and moisture exchanges by hole and air, thereby keeps ground moistening, improves ecological environment of soil, guarantees the microorganism growth space, provides plant-growth required moisture.Simultaneously, high water storage concrete road surface can be more near natural lawn.
2. there is larger effective porosity in high water storage concrete, has good drainage performance, and rainwater can drop to underground and recharge of groundwater very soon, the protection groundwater resource.Simultaneously, the minimizing of surface gathered water reduced dabble, the generation of the harm such as spraying, increase and travel and the walking comfortableness.
3. high water storage concrete can effectively improve urban Heat Environment, and micropore, aperture and the retaining of macropore energy product divide, thereby regulates earth's surface temperature, humidity, eliminates tropical island effect.
4. the concrete vesicular structure of high water storage can play the effect of sound absorption, minimizing noise pollution.On the one hand. can suppress the make an uproar generation of Lu Yuan of monopole so that road wheel tire noise is well led off, thus noise reduction; On the other hand, on acoustics, the porousness pavement structure can be regarded as the porous sound-absorbing material with rigid backbone, can play the effect of sound absorption, when sound wave incides porous material surface and excites air vibration in the micropore, (grain refers to a bit of slotted opening less than air filled cavity, and air filled cavity refers to the cavity in the middle of the material) generation relative movement between air and solid grain.Because the viscosity of air produces corresponding viscous resistance in micropore, make the kinetic energy of vibrate air constantly be converted into heat energy, thereby make sound energy attenuation.
5. high water storage coagulating cement scholar's skeleton-pore structure has increased frictional coefficient and road surface rutting resistance that the road is shown, simultaneously, reduces the harm that the pavement light luminous reflectance causes thereby reduce surface gathered water, has further increased traffic safety.
Further, cement shared mass percent in all material is 16%～25%.
Further, common brick particle shared mass percent in coarse aggregate is 20%～80%.
Further, the particle diameter of common brick particle is 5～10mm.
Further, the particle diameter of common brick particle is 10～15mm.
The present invention also provides a kind of high water storage concrete pavement structure, does not possess simultaneously problems permeable, water storage two specific characters to solve the existing concrete pavement.
High water storage concrete pavement structure in this programme comprises surface layer and basic unit, it is characterized in that, surface layer is high water storage concrete layer, and surface layer is provided with the expansion joint that the multiple tracks spacing is 4～6m, is provided with the thick Oak Tree foamed plastic of 3～5mm in the expansion joint.
Above-mentioned high water storage concrete layer uses is the high pervious concrete of novel high water storage provided by the invention, and the high water storage concrete strength in the such scheme is low than normal concrete, more is applicable to pavement etc. to the less demanding ground of supporting capacity.Must establish the expansion joint during pervious concrete pavement construction, seam is dark identical with road surface thickness.In the contracting seam of cutting surface layer, should adopt the flexible materials joint filling, and can not adopt the material of hot-fluid, in order to avoid the material of hot-fluid is penetrated in the space of high water storage type eco-concrete.Should not with mobile flexible materials (such as the material of similar glass cement), embed the Oak Tree plastic material of finalizing the design and should adopt, the concrete water-permeable of maintenance that can be more permanent and water storage.
Further: described expansion joint is the construction joint of thickness 3～5mm.
Because of the characteristic of high water storage type eco-concrete, inconvenient during construction, often adopt little expansion joint (E.J.) to replace the expansion joint in the reality.Should establish together little expansion joint (E.J.) about conventional 5m, and paste the Oak Tree foamed plastic that pad connects at the place, slit, thickness is generally 3～5mm.Usually during construction also available construction joint replace little expansion joint (E.J.), establish one the Oak Tree foamed plastic during construction about every 5m.When construction length surpasses 30m, can establish the cutting expansion joint (E.J.), stitch the wide 15～20mm that is controlled at and be advisable.During highway engineering construction, should establish together little expansion joint (E.J.) about every 5m, stitch wide 10～15mm.When construction length surpasses 30m, can establish the expansion joint that width is 10～15m.Construction joint can replace the expansion joint in the construction.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of overlooking of high water storage concrete pavement structure in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
1 general introduction
1.1 because the high water storage concrete of this programme research is a kind of completely new concept, the at present domestic research that does not also have other researchists to carry out this aspect.But China is the uneven and in short supply country of a distribution of water resources, and high water storage concrete is a kind of environment-friendly type, environmental material, will day by day receive people's concern, and application prospect is boundless.
2 starting material and testing method
2.1 main raw material
2.1.1 cement
The weak link of high water storage concrete destruction is that the contact site between the aggregate is the cement bond layer, and strength of cement is higher, and glued layer intensity is also higher.So the strength of cement grade is the important factor in order of pervious concrete intensity, higher grade of strength of cement pervious concrete intensity is also higher.Adopt Lafarge board P.O.42.5R silicate cement, the physical and mechanical property of cement and chemical composition see Table 2.1 and table 2.2.
The Chemical Composition of table 2.1 cement (%)
The performance of table 2.2 cement
2.1.2 coarse aggregate
Research data shows, aggregate size is less, and it is more that aggregate is piled up the larger and intergranular point of contact of porosity, and the high water storage concrete strength of preparation is higher.The concrete grain composition of high water storage is one of principal element that determines its intensity and water storage.In order to guarantee the concrete intensity of high water storage and water storage function, coarse aggregate adopts the less single-grade of particle diameter usually.Rubble and discarded common brick are adopted in this experiment, and its performance index see Table 2.3, table 2.4.
Table 2.3 rubble (5～10mm) performance
Table 2.4 rubble (10～15mm) performance
The performance of the waste and old fragment of brick aggregate of table 2.5
2.1.3 water
This research ordinary tap water.
2.2 testing method
2.2.1 the preparation of sample
2.2.1.1 stirring means
This experiment adopts cement to wrap up in the stone method: first aggregate is mixed in proportion, stirred first 2 minutes after the water wet surface, added cement mixing one to two minute again, add at last water and stir.Because high water storage concrete strength is mainly derived from cement slurry to the even parcel of aggregate, so cement is wrapped up in Shi Faneng under the prerequisite that keeps porous water storage concrete water storage performance, significantly improve its ultimate compression strength.
Annotate in addition: because relate to waste and old fragment of brick as aggregate in the test, so wrap up in before the stone method is mixed in proportion aggregate at cement, first waste and old fragment of brick is added separately gauge water and stir and drench, thereafter operation is wrapped up in the stone method with cement and is as good as.
2.2.1.2 moulding process
Because cellular concrete is not identical with the portland cement concrete structure, so moulding process needs doscrimination.Normal concrete adopts vibratory compaction, is in order to make concrete as far as possible closely knit, thereby gains in strength and improve weather resistance.Yet for cellular concrete, because its inside effective porosity is very large, if adopt vibratory compaction, grout cognition enters inside, space because of vibrations, and then affects its water storage performance.And coarse aggregate can friable state occur because the cement slurry parcel is irregular, greatly reduces upper surface intensity, thereby affects bulk strength.The tamping molding mode is adopted in this experiment.
2.2.1.3 maintenance method
Because there are a large amount of spaces in high water storage concrete, dehydration is very fast, so maintenance is relatively extremely important.Particularly in early days, note preventing the evaporation of moisture in the concrete.Should put into standard curing room behind the specimen molding and carry out maintenance, standard curing room is put in 24 as a child form removals again after the form removal, carry out normal curing.
2.2.2 experimental data measuring method
2.2.2.1 compressive strength determination
After the test piece maintenance 28D, carry out the mensuration of ultimate compression strength.Concrete steps are as follows:
Test specimen is placed on lower bearing plate, and the load bearing face of test specimen is vertical with the moulding end face.The press table center of trier should be aimed in the test specimen center.Start experimental machine, choose suitable range.When choosing range, should allow reading be in full range 20% to 80% between, such reading is comparatively accurate.
In pressure process, should keep continuous uniform pressurization, the speed control of load application p.s. 0.5MPa between the 0.8MPa.When test block is damaged distortion, close the oiling valve, and open oil return valve, take out test specimen.The recording meter panel reading, the reading of dial plate pointer is fully-factored load.
Ultimate compression strength is calculated as follows:
F=0.95*P/A
Wherein 0.95-dimension conversion coefficient when adopting non-standard test specimen
F-ultimate compression strength (MPa)
P-ultimate load (KN)
A-load area (0.01 ㎡)
The arithmetical av that records numerical value with every group of three test specimens is determined measured value.If the difference of one of them measured value and intermediate value surpasses the ten Percent five of intermediate value, then getting intermediate value is measured value.If the difference of two measured values and intermediate value is arranged greater than ten Percent five, then should the group data cancel.
2.2.2.2 high water storage concrete pore rate testing method
The test experiments step is as follows:
Test specimen put into 100 degrees centigrade drying in oven to constant weight M
1, take out and cool to room temperature.Measure sample dimensions with ruler, its volume V in the calculating.Test specimen is immersed in the water 24H fully, makes all to be full of moisture in its space, the state that reaches capacity, taking-up is left standstill, and measures weight M
2
According to formula P=(M
1-M
2The porosity of)/V calculation testing piece.
M wherein
1Constant weight after the-oven dry
M
2-water saturation weight
V-test specimen volume
2.2.2.3 the testing method of high water storage concrete water-intake rate and water-retentivity
Water retention test is with reference to having water-retentivity, absorptive concrete blocks (being called for short ILB) testing method.[9] try to achieve water-retaining capacity, and try to achieve the volume that moistening quality and adiabatic drying quality also have test specimen, substitution formula (8) is calculated.
Water-retaining capacity (g/cm
3Moistening mass M of)=(
1-dry mass M
2)/stone volume V (8)
In this test, every group guarantees 3 test blocks, with test block soak it is fully absorbed water in 15～15 ℃ the clear water until behind the 24h with its taking-up, test specimen is inserted in the plastic containers of sealing, under 15～30 ℃ of room temperatures, leave standstill 30min and make its evaporation moisture content, wipe macroscopic moisture content with wet cloth after, measure at once the quality of test specimen, obtain moistening quality.The adiabatic drying quality refers in the drying machine of 105 ± 5 ℃ of temperature test specimen be dried to fixed mass, more cooled test specimen quality in normal temperature.
Water absorption test is to obtain the water regain of test specimen in 30 minutes.The drying machine inner drying that test block is placed on 105 ± 5 ℃ of temperature first makes its cooling again in normal temperature to fixed mass.Be the method to set up of test I LB water absorption test device.Water level after arranging must exceed test block bottom 5mm, and water can be taken 15～25 ℃ clear water.On the test specimen setting table bottom of test block being used as steel wire and so on to allow the material of water flow fix.Take out concrete blocks after 30 minutes, dry water droplet with wet cloth, it is not dripped, then quality measurement.The quality of measuring is the quality of suction after 30 minutes.In addition, the same with water retention test, but water regain substitution formula (9) is tried to achieve:
Water regain (%)=(quality that absorbs water behind the 30min-adiabatic drying quality)/(moistening quality-adiabatic drying quality) * 100% (9)
2.2.2.4 the testing method of high water storage concrete permeable coefficient
At present, educational circles mainly contains the ordinary water level method and becomes two kinds of water level method the coefficient of permeability measuring method of pervious concrete.For the mensuration of porous drainage material permeability coefficient, some unit designed, designeds go out some permeability testing machines both at home and abroad, and this experiment is with reference to the permeability testing machine of professor Yang Jing of Tsing-Hua University design and improve on a small quantity to test the permeability coefficient of high water storage concrete pavement material.[6] this equipment is the synthetic glass square frame of both ends open, is of a size of 10 cm * 10 cm * 45cm, and scale (unit: cm), can be used for metering is carved with in the permeability testing machine front.Before the measurement, first with around the test specimen with sealing with wax, then permeability testing machine is placed the test specimen top, seal with the wax bar of half heat between permeability testing machine and the test specimen, after the cooling of wax bar, add water to more than the 38 cm scales in permeability testing machine, treat that the underwater begins timing when being down to 38 cm scale, timing is once again when dropping to 0 cm scale.The permeability coefficient calculating formula is:
K=H/△t (7)
In the formula: H is the water level falling head, and this device is got 38 cm;
△ t is time/s of water level decline H.
Each test block is surveyed 5 times, removes the highest, Schwellenwert, remaining 3 values substitution formula (7) of averaging.
2.2.2.5 the testing method of freeze-thaw resistance
Antifreezing test machine: can maintain the temperature at-15 ℃ refrigerating apparatus.[8]
1. the water of standard specimen being put into normal temperature soaks 25H, and the water surface should exceed about the 20mm of test specimen surface during immersion.
Taking-up test specimen after immersion is finished uses wet towel to wipe the moisture of test specimen surface attachment, puts into immediately the antifreezing test machine.Sample is placed the interval and is not less than 20mm, installs sample at every turn and returns to timed interval of-15 ℃ to temperature and should not surpass 2h.Begin timing when treating temperature retrieval to-15 ℃, freeze-off time is no less than 4h.
2. taking out test specimen puts into normal-temperature water and soaks 2h.This process is a freeze-thaw cycle, carries out successively freeze-thaw cycle 10 times.
3. after finishing freezing and thawing test, wipe test specimen surface attachment water, check whether specimen surface has the crackle of peeling off and layering.
4. survey ultimate compression strength.
The freeze-thaw-loss of strength is calculated according to following formula: R=(R-R
0)/R*100%
Ultimate compression strength rate of loss (%) after R-freeze-thaw cycle
R-compressive strength test test result mean value (MPa)
Test ultimate compression strength mean value (MPa) after R0-freezing and thawing test
Be accurate to 0.1%.
The concrete preparation and property research of 3 high water storages
3.1 high water storage mix Design
High water storage concrete has the characteristics such as intensity is low, porosity is high, the open pore is many.Therefore when carrying out the sand-free coarse porous concrete mix Design, the parameter of mainly answering substitution to consider has water cement ratio (w/C), water consumption, aggregate-cement ratio (G/C).
Data shows proves that by the proportioning testing of materials specific a certain coarse aggregate is then had a best water cement ratio.When the water cement ratio of selecting during less than the best, easily cause grout too dried thick, the workability of concrete mix compares relatively poor, and grout can't fully wrap up the coarse aggregate surface, is unfavorable for the raising of sand-free coarse porous concrete concrete strength; When the water cement ratio of selecting during greater than optimum value, grout is thinning, and stickiness reduces, and easily trickling might so that the inside concrete hole partly or entirely stops up, both reduce the inside concrete porosity, also without the raising that is beneficial to concrete strength.Second important parameter is water consumption, for the sand-free coarse porous concrete concrete, do not carry out in the ordinary course of things the workability test, must not carry out slump test yet, as long as range estimation judges all coarse aggregate particle surfaces and all form level and smooth uniformly grout parcel, and integument has metalluster, cement paste not to trickle to think that then water consumption is suitable.The 3rd important parameter is aggregate-cement ratio, and aggregate-cement ratio refers to the ratio of coarse aggregate consumption and cement consumption.The collection of selecting to be fit to is detested ratio, can not only guarantee that the sand-free coarse porous concrete concrete has the hole that at utmost mutually connects, and can large degree guarantee concrete intensity.[7]
The proportioning testing of materials proves, when cement consumption one keeps regularly increasing aggregate-cement ratio, wraps up the grout layer thickness attenuation of coarse aggregate, thereby has increased concrete porosity, lowers concrete intensity; When cement consumption one timing, reduce aggregate-cement ratio, the grout layer thickness of parcel increases around the coarse aggregate particle, and the concrete intensity of sand-free coarse porous concrete improves, but its porosity can reduce.Also need consider the impact of above-mentioned parameter when we design according to method of design, both at home and abroad the concrete method of design of sand-free coarse porous concrete be had at present: look-up table, experimental formula method, volumetric method etc., the experimental formula method is adopted in this experiment.
Adopt equation design procedure and calculation formula to be:
(1) calculates the coarse porous concrete preparation strength.
fu,o=fcu,k/(1-dv) (1)
In the formula: fu, o-preparation strength, MPa;
Fcu, k-design strength, MPa;
Dv---strength criterion is poor.
Should determine according to execute the data analysis that T unit accumulated in the past, if lack the data of this respect, also can from table 3.1, search according to the supervision of construction level of unit in charge of construction, can be taken as 25% when lacking the concrete experience of sand-free coarse porous concrete.
The relation of table 3.1 level of management and dispersion ratio dv
(2) every cubic metre of cement consumption that pervious concrete is required of estimation.
mco=69.36+784.93fco,o/fce(2)
In the formula: the cement consumption of mco-every cubic meter of concrete (referring to 4.25 class g cements), kg/m3;
Fce-cement observed strength (if without measured value, can take by 1.13 times of strength of cement grade points), MPa.
Formula (2) is built section the 4th innings by Guizhou and is provided, if cement, the larger problem of aggregate change are arranged, can be 20 kg by every cubic meter of concrete cement consumption difference, and be adjusted by intensity results.
(3) determine reasonable water cement ratio and water consumption.Water cement ratio is extremely important, in order to determine best water cement ratio, can be in the situation that cement consumption be certain, system is mixed respectively in the use from small to large water cement ratio of several differentiation, then measure their ultimate compression strength by test, draw again the graph of a relation of water cement ratio (W/C) and ultimate compression strength (f), obtain the corresponding optimum water cement ratio of maximum compressive strength.This method is relatively loaded down with trivial details, often judge rule of thumb in the real work whether water cement ratio is suitable, general some pervious concrete mixtures of mixing that take out are observed, if cement at the aggregate surface parcel evenly, there is not cement trickling phenomenon, and particle is rich in metalluster, illustrates that then water cement ratio is more suitable.For general aggregate sand-free coarse porous concrete concrete such as rubbles, general water cement ratio can adopt following statistics empirical Calculation:
W/C=0.58-0.000715mco (manually entirely smashing method) (3)
W/C=0.5372-0.0007914mco (hammering plate method) (4)
Water consumption then is mwo=W/C * mco.
But, when in the coarse aggregate common brick being arranged, common brick has than strong absorptive, when high water storage concrete-agitating and grout setting and harden, common brick can absorb the water in the pervious concrete, thereby cause water cement ratio W/C less than the actual design value, high water storage concrete strength, freeze-thaw resistance will be affected, and therefore must extra water distribution replenish the common brick absorption water yield on the proportioning unit consumption of water.[10] this part water can take dual mode to add, and a kind of is to make its surface reach surperficial surface dry condition after making common brick suction before stirring saturated; A kind ofly be or finally mix water consumption processed by coarse aggregate water-intake rate calculative determination and solve, common brick is put into the stirrer the inside and is mixed amount of water to make its surface reach suction saturated, mixes successively stone, cement, water according to stirring technique.Second method is taked in this experiment.Recording the relative water-intake rate that common brick absorbs water under state of nature after saturated is 14%, and rational water distribution rate is found out in the meter experiment, proportioning sees Table 3.2, water distribution quantity=common brick * water distribution rate, the water distribution rate gets 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, 13%, 15%, according to adding common brick → water distribution → stone, the order of cement → proportioning water stirs, with gained test block maintenance 28 days and record 28 days intensity levels under the natural curing state, analyze as can be known, the best water distribution rate of 5～10mm grating is 9%, the best water distribution rate of 10～15mm grating is 7%, so two grating water distributions of this experiment rate is unified value 7%.
Table 3.2 water distribution quantity changes proportioning
(4) determine aggregate-cement ratio.The value of aggregate-cement ratio is decided with the sand-free coarse porous concrete concrete strength of required preparation, general for the sand-free coarse porous concrete concrete more than the C10, between desirable aggregate-cement ratio 6:l～8:l, along with the reduction of sand-free coarse porous concrete strength grade of concrete, aggregate-cement ratio progressively increases, and generally can reach 15:l.
(5) determine every cubic metre of concrete coarse aggregate consumption of sand-free coarse porous concrete.Every cubic metre of concrete coarse aggregate consumption of sand-free coarse porous concrete can be taken as: the coarse aggregate quality of every cubic metre of compact state * 0.98 reduction coefficient.
When the particle diameter equivalent such as common brick replaced stone in this experiment, every cubic metre of concrete coarse aggregate of sand-free coarse porous concrete (common brick, stone compound) consumption was the tightly packed density * 0.98 reduction coefficient of every cubic metre of compound.
(6) last trial mix and make test specimen is joined intensity with the checking examination reliability.
Design strength is got 10MPa during the basic proportioning of this research and design, and level of management get 25%, adopts hammering plate method, calculates water cement ratio W/C=0.35, lists at last the mix-design table and sees Table 3.3.
The basic mix-design table of the high water storage concrete of table 3.3
3.2 the research of high water storage concrete strength
Because high water storage type eco-concrete should have good water storage, and good water-permeable is arranged again, therefore, the starting material of high water storage type eco-concrete select both to have required good intensity, require to have again good water-absorbent.This research mainly is to choose hard stone to serve as and carry high-intensity aggregate, selects to have some strength and the large common brick aggregate of water-intake rate increases concrete storage capacity.
The common brick aggregate obtains with waste and old common brick fragmentation, will obtain certain common brick powder when fragmentation.In order to take full advantage of the common brick powder, this research will be investigated the common brick powder and substitute common brick aggregate and cement to the impact of high water storage type eco-concrete performance.
The high water storage concrete of 5-10mm aggregate size, ultimate compression strength is 9.05MPa when aggregate all is rubble, and ultimate compression strength is 5.77MPa when all changing waste and old fragment of brick into, and intensity has reduced 36%.The high water storage concrete of 10-15mm particle diameter, ultimate compression strength is 9.10MPa when aggregate all is rubble, and ultimate compression strength is 6.29MPa when all changing waste and old fragment of brick into, and intensity has reduced 22%.Replace the increase of stone per-cent along with common brick, high water storage concrete 28d intensity presents the trend that reduces gradually, is nonlinear relationship but reduce.When the appropriate particle size, be far smaller than rubble at broken fragment of brick when we have found that the waste and old brick intention that 5-10mm follows 10-15mm.High water storage concrete is the larger concrete of dry, and its intensity source depends mainly on friction force between the aggregate and the cohesive strength between aggregate and the cement slurry, and this is consistent with pervious concrete result of study that document [11] is reported.All use the cement of same numeral in the experiment, and use identical molding mode, so we think that the major cause that intensity reduces is can't bear so large frictional force when waste and old fragment of brick is done aggregate as rubble when aggregate rubs mutually, thereby fracture and bursting apart causes the reduction of the upper high water storage concrete crushing strength of macroscopic view then.
3.3 the research of high water storage concrete water-intake rate
Water-intake rate refers to the water-intake rate that concrete water regain in 30min accounts for the inner effectively open pore decision of the per-cent pervious concrete of its suction state of saturation water regain.From common brick replace in proportion crushed stone aggregate on water-intake rate affect result of study as can be known, 5-10mm particle diameter and the concrete water-intake rate of the high water storage of 10-15mm particle diameter all are to replace the increase of per-cent and substantially constant or present small reduction along with common brick.The maximum range of decrease is no more than 2%, shows that common brick replaces rubble and substantially can ignore for the impact of high water storage concrete water-intake rate as aggregate.
3.4 the research of high water storage concrete water-retentivity
High water storage concrete water-retentivity affect result of study: common brick replaces crushed stone aggregate in proportion on the impact of water-retentivity.Replace the increase of per-cent along with common brick, the water-retentivity of pervious concrete has obvious growth, the high water storage concrete water-retentivity of 100% common brick aggregate reaches the high water storage of 100% crushed stone aggregate concrete more than 280%, reached near 0.2g/cm3, namely the high water storage concrete of 100% common brick aggregate of 1 volume can be preserved the moisture of 0.2 volume.Because common brick itself has 12%-14% saturated water-retaining capacity, and the moisture content under the crushed stone aggregate state of saturation only is about 2%, so common brick can utilize during as aggregate the water-retaining capacity of self to pin moisture, when concentrating rainfall, accelerate the discharging of ponding, the pressure of drainageway when reducing heavy rain; And the moisture that stores when sweltering heat evaporates, and can reduce again the temperature of road surface, has recovered to a certain extent the effect of natural vegetation, plays good environmental protection effect.Therefore, high water storage concrete is the eco-concrete of a kind of imitative vegetation well, builds the walkway with this high water storage concrete, will be one of effective method that solves China's city-building high speed development and environment protection contradiction.
3.5 the research of high water storage concrete pore rate
Porosity is one of concrete important performance characteristic of high water storage, common brick replaces rubble in proportion when doing aggregate, and the variation experimental result of porosity shows, along with the rising of common brick content, the high water storage concrete of 5-10mm particle diameter and the high water storage concrete pore of 10-15mm particle diameter rate all significantly rise.210%-220% of porosity that porosity when aggregate is made of common brick fully reaches rubble when serving as aggregate fully.Because common brick itself has than the high a lot of porosity of rubble, so the significantly difference of porosity when causing the two to serve as aggregate.
Common brick replaces rubble in proportion when doing aggregate, and the variation experimental result of porosity can also draw, and the porosity that the high water storage concrete of 10-15mm particle diameter replaces point at each common brick per-cent is all greater than the high water storage concrete of 5-10mm.This is that it is relatively loose that test block inside becomes because the aggregate of particle diameter is so that internal voids increases greatly.
3.6 the research of high water storage agent on crack resistance of concrete freeze thawing
Waste and old common brick replaces rubble and can draw high water storage agent on crack resistance of concrete freeze thawing impact experiment, the high water storage concrete of 5-10mm particle diameter replaces the increase of aggregate ratio along with common brick, loss of strength increases gradually, and namely freezing and thawing performance descends gradually, but loss of strength is substantially in 20%.The high water storage concrete of 10-15mm particle diameter replaces the increase of aggregate ratio along with common brick, loss of strength increases apparent in view.The maximum strength loss appears at 40% and 80% and replaces two points, and loss of strength has surpassed 30%, and freezing and thawing performance is obviously not as the 5-10mm particle diameter.
Because high water storage concrete has sizable effective porosity, its freeze-thaw damage feature generally is derived from freeze thawing and changes the inside character change that brings.When freezing the time, high water storage concrete is subject to the effect of internal water pressure, and water pressure promotes water and escapes to the border, and when this hydraulic pressure surpassed cement slurry tensile strength or surpassed waste and old brick intention, the crack appearred in inside.Concrete is subject to the freeze thawing injury.
Because the large high water storage inside concrete connectedness in aperture is relatively poor, internal structure is relatively fine and close, and the current circulation is not smooth, and the water pressure that causes is larger.And the little pervious concrete in aperture is because internal communication is better, and the hydraulic pressure of generation easily dissipates, and its anti-freezing property is better than the wide aperture concrete.Therefore the high water storage agent on crack resistance of concrete of the large particle diameter of 10-15mm freeze thawing variation will obviously be worse than the high water storage concrete of 5-10mm.
3.7 the brick powder is on the impact of high water storage concrete strength
In experimentation, our Research team finds that the fragment of brick after the fragmentation has unstable, and its surperficial flour is often easily peeled off analysis.Might mix with gelling material cement in preparation process, affect cement hydration process, thereby reduce high water storage concrete performance.Because in engineering, consider practical situation, be difficult to as the laboratory, experiment material strictly be shone the attachment removal meal, tend to enter with some brick powder and build.So our Research team has designed one group of experiment, seeks the brick powder content for the impact of high water storage concrete performance.
Next experiment: it is that 40% high water storage concrete mixes with respect to cement quality 3%, 6% ultimate compression strength after 9%, 12%, the 15% common brick powder (0% is contrast benchmark group) that 5-10mm particle diameter, common brick replace rubble per-cent.
After mixing the brick powder, rapid decline has appearred in high water storage concrete crushing strength.When incorporation reached 6%, descending had entered the mild phase, and under 6%-15% brick powder incorporation, the concrete ultimate compression strength of high water storage no longer further descends, and the loss of strength amount of this moment also approaches or surpassed 50%.Obtain thus conclusion, the high water storage concrete strength that the brick powder is done aggregate for waste and old common brick replacement rubble has greatly infringement.To consider the impact of this respect in the engineering application, carry out the screening operation of waste and old common brick aggregate.
The concrete intensity of the high water storage of macrovoid is mainly derived from the grout that is wrapped in aggregate and the cohesive strength of aggregate.The brick powder and the cement that mix mix, affected cement hydration process, so that the C-S-H gel that produces in the hydration process and Aft crystal can not evenly be collected at cement particle surface, affected the strength of cement grout in the rear end length of time, thereby reduced the concrete bulk strength.Simultaneously in the cement setting phase, when cement-hydrate penetrated rete and forms osmotic pressure and cause rete to break, the brick powder was attached to film surface, has reduced the speed that rete breaks, and affects hydrated cementitious and enters acceleration period, has reduced the later stage age strength.
3.8 water-permeable and the Hardenability of the ecological pavement concrete of high water storage type
High water storage concrete permeable rate affect result of study: common brick replaces crushed stone aggregate to the impact of permeability rate.Can be found out by experimental data, replace the increase of crushed stone aggregate per-cent along with common brick, high water storage concrete permeable rate does not show the trend of obvious increase or minimizing.When the replacement rate less than 50% the time, the concrete coefficient of permeability of the high water storage of 10-15mm grating is slightly higher than the concrete coefficient of permeability of the high water storage of 5-10mm grating, replacing percentage does not have rule greater than coefficient of permeability after 50%, but coefficient of permeability is high by 77% when 100% common brick is done coarse aggregate than 0% common brick in the 10-15mm experimental group.The high water storage concrete permeable of 5-10mm particle diameter rate is reduced to the 2.17cm/s of minimum 80% replacement rate by the 2.97cm/s of the highest 60% replacement rate; The high water storage concrete permeable of 10-15mm particle diameter rate is reduced to the minimum value of the 2.04cm/s of 80% common brick aggregate by the maximum value of 100% common brick aggregate 3.93cm/s.
The water-permeable of the high water storage type eco-concrete of porous is mainly determined by connection and the semi-connected hole (being active porosity) of inside.Replace the increase of per-cent along with common brick, the reason that water-permeable descends is because the aggregate after the common brick fragmentation has easily to split, lamella and the characteristic of easily peeling off, in stirring, can occur partly to collapse to separate to split, the sliver that produces mixes with the crushed stone aggregate that is left and complete fragment of brick aggregate, bring local continuous multi grating effect, increased concrete compactness, then reduce connection and the semi-connected hole of inside concrete, reduced the water-permeable of common brick-high water storage type eco-concrete of rubble combined aggregate.
The high water storage type eco-concrete of 10-15mm particle diameter water-permeable replaces on the point at each common brick per-cent and substantially all is higher than 5-10mm particle diameter pervious concrete.
This is owing to the increase of aggregate size so that the inside concrete hole increases, microtexture from closely knit become relatively loose, porosity increases, and porosity is the important factor that determines high water storage eco-concrete water-permeable, so water-permeable is greater than little graded aggregate pervious concrete.
The setting time of high water storage type eco-concrete directly affects the construction technology of high water storage type eco-concrete.The setting time of high water storage type eco-concrete during near the regulation slump sees Table 6.1.This table is one of Main Basis of formulating construction technology.
Setting time when the high water storage type eco-concrete of table 3.8 approaches the regulation slump
4, the research of high water storage type eco-concrete pavement forming technique
4.1 base treatment
Before the pervious concrete surface construction, reply basic unit makes clean, the substrate surface after the processing should be coarse, cleaning, without ponding, and keep certain moisture state, should carry out interface processing in case of necessity.
4.2 stir
The stirring of high water storage type eco-concrete must be adopted mechanical stirring.High water storage type eco-concrete belongs to the dry material, should not cross long-time stop behind the presetting period mix, so the configuration of stirrer capacity should be selected according to parameters such as engineering size, sequence of construction and transportation means.Stirring the place also must be on-the-spot near high water storage type eco-concrete surface construction, guarantees that haulage time is no more than specialized range, to guarantee construction quality.The stirring place should not surpass 0.5h far from the haulage time of job location.
The proportioning of high water storage type eco-concrete is to guarantee the main critical process of its intensity, so the proportioning metering is an important Quality Control Links.Proportioning control comprises: whether sack cement should be spot-check its bag weight accurate; Every machine-team is mixed the water ratio of answering before the system in the Accurate Measurement aggregate (common brick, stone etc.), according to the water ratio of aggregate, adjusts the water consumption in the pervious concrete proportioning, determines the construction proportioning by the working-yard experiment; The permissible error of high water storage type eco-concrete starting material (by mass) should not surpass scholar 1%.High water storage type eco-cement concrete mix-design should be applicable to slip form paver, track paver, three roll shaft units and four kinds of forms of construction work of small machine.
When adopting self-dumping mixer, aggregate, cement, enhancing material, the admixture for preparing should be dropped in the stirrer, carry out first dry mixing after 60 seconds, again with the water that measures, mix and stir in minute 2 ~ 3 adding stirrers, churning time should be controlled at 120 ~ 300 seconds.When adopting forced mixer, should be first aggregate and 50% water consumption be added forced mixer and mix and stir 30 seconds, add again cement, strengthen material, admixture mixed and stirred 40 seconds, add at last the residue water consumption and mix and stir more than 50 seconds.
4.3 transportation
Transportation means must adapt to the output of stirrer.High water storage type eco-concrete mixture is after the stirrer discharging, and transportation will be noted moisturizing and anti-segregation at any time, is transported to the making place and paves, vibrates until finish.Allow maximum duration, determined according to jelling time and construction temperature by the laboratory, and should meet the regulation of table 5.1.
The high water storage type eco-concrete of table 5.1 is from discharging to building the complete permission time
When high water storage type eco-concrete mixture is transported to pouring location, should be able to keep the slump of homogeneity and regulation.
4.4 pave
When paving reference line should be set.Reference line stake longitudinal pitch: straight-line segment should be greater than 10m, and perpendicular, horizontal curve section should be encrypted layout, and guarantees that firmly the reference line pulling force should be less than 1000N.
Template should meet: texture material is solid, distortion is little, rigidity is large; The height of template should with the concrete road surface consistency of thickness; The planimetric position of formwork erection and elevation should meet design requirements, and separant coating is answered on the surface that template contacts with concrete; Before high water storage type eco-concrete mixture paved, the height of reply template, supporting ﹠ stablizing situation etc. checked comprehensively.
When normally paving, concrete is answered vibration compacting, prevents from shaking, owes to shake or leak and shake.When high water storage type eco-concrete mixture paves, manually evenly to pave, find planeness and drainage grade accurately.For guaranteeing high water storage type eco-concrete construction quality of pavement, paving thickness should be considered its coefficient that paves, and its coefficient of loose laying is preferably 1.1.During construction edge is paid special attention to intact material phenomenon, timely feed supplement to carry out artificial compacting.
4.5 compacting
High water storage type eco-concrete should adopt special-purpose low-frequency vibration compactor, or adopts plate vibrator vibration and special-purpose rolling tools roll extrusion.When vibrating with plate vibrator, avoid on a position sustained vibration to use vibrator to vibrate; When adopting special-purpose low-frequency vibration compactor compacting, should be aided with artificial feed supplement and levelling.During artificial levelling, the workmen should put on pressure-reducing shoe and operate, and should check at any time template, if any sinking, be out of shape or becoming flexible, should in time correct.
After the compacting of high water storage type eco-concrete, should use machinery that high water storage type eco-concrete surface layer is carried out the receipts face, cooperate in case of necessity manually make real, floating.Must keep the template end face clean and tidy during leveling, seam crossing plate face is smooth.The high water storage type eco-concrete system of mixing is built and is noted avoiding surface temperature in construction more than 40 ℃, simultaneously must not be at rainy day and winter construction.The double layer design construction, upper layer and the Sub are laid the time should be greater than 1 hour.
4.6 joint treatment
According to the needs that expand with heat and contract with cold, high water storage type eco-concrete road surface must select suitable material that the expansion joint is set.
4.6.1 jointing material
Must establish the expansion joint during pervious concrete pavement construction, seam is dark identical with road surface thickness.In the contracting seam of cutting surface layer, should adopt the flexible materials joint filling, and can not adopt the material of hot-fluid, in order to avoid the material of hot-fluid is penetrated in the space of high water storage type eco-concrete.Should not with mobile flexible materials (such as the material of similar glass cement), embed the Oak Tree plastic material of finalizing the design and should adopt.
4.6.2 seaming position
As shown in Figure 1, inconvenient during construction because of the characteristic of high water storage type eco-concrete, often adopt little expansion joint (E.J.) to replace the expansion joint in the reality.On sub-surface, lay square that high water storage concrete makes as surface layer 1, should establish together little expansion joint (E.J.) 2 about conventional 5m; And locate to paste the Oak Tree foamed plastic of pad perforation in the slit, thickness is generally 3～5mm.Usually during construction also available construction joint replace little expansion joint (E.J.), establish one the Oak Tree foamed plastic during construction about every 5m.When construction length surpasses 30m, should establish the cutting expansion joint (E.J.), stitch the wide 15～20mm that is controlled at and be advisable.During highway engineering construction, should establish together little expansion joint (E.J.) about every 5m, stitch wide 10～15mm; When construction length surpasses 30m, should establish the expansion joint that width is 10～15m.Construction joint can replace the expansion joint in the construction.
Above-described only is embodiments of the invention, and the general knowledge such as known concrete structure and characteristic are not done too much description at this in the scheme.Should be understood that; for a person skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from structure of the present invention, can also make some distortion and improvement; these also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention, and these can not affect effect of the invention process and practical applicability.
Claims (7)
1. high water storage concrete includes following material: cement and coarse aggregate, it is characterized in that, and comprise the common brick particle in the coarse aggregate.
2. high water storage concrete according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: cement shared mass percent in all material is 16%～25%.
3. high water storage concrete according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: common brick particle shared mass percent in coarse aggregate is 20%～80%.
4. high water storage concrete according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the particle diameter of common brick particle is 5～10mm.
5. high water storage concrete according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the particle diameter of common brick particle is 10～15mm.
6. high water storage concrete pavement structure comprises surface layer and basic unit, it is characterized in that, surface layer is high water storage concrete layer, and surface layer is provided with the expansion joint that the multiple tracks spacing is 4～6m, is provided with the thick Oak Tree foamed plastic of 3～5mm in the expansion joint.
7. high water storage concrete pavement according to claim 6 is constructed, and it is characterized in that: described expansion joint is the construction joint of thickness 3～5mm.
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| CN110436857A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-11-12 | 许昌金科资源再生股份有限公司 | Recycled aggregate pervious concrete formula and its production technology containing common brick |
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