CN108046831A - A kind of multi-functional water-permeable brick and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of multi-functional water-permeable brick and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108046831A CN108046831A CN201711287832.6A CN201711287832A CN108046831A CN 108046831 A CN108046831 A CN 108046831A CN 201711287832 A CN201711287832 A CN 201711287832A CN 108046831 A CN108046831 A CN 108046831A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
- E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
- E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
- E01C5/06—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units with cement or like binders
- E01C5/065—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units with cement or like binders characterised by their structure or component materials, e.g. concrete layers of different structure, special additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00258—Electromagnetic wave absorbing or shielding materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00284—Materials permeable to liquids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of multi-functional water-permeable brick and preparation method thereof, the multi-functional water-permeable brick is made of base layer and the coating being covered in the base layer, and the ratio of the thickness of the base layer and the coating is 1 ~ 3:1, the coating includes the following raw material calculated by weight：40 ~ 45 parts of sludge, common 20 ~ 23 parts of stone, 15 ~ 18 parts of slag, 8 ~ 10 parts of flyash, 10 ~ 15 parts of haydite, 12 ~ 15 parts of waterglass, 10 ~ 12 parts of quartz sand, 10 ~ 15 parts of absorbing material, 6 ~ 7 parts of monkey grass, 2 ~ 3 parts of sepiolite fibre.The water-permeable brick with base layer and coating has been prepared, pass through the cooperation of base layer and coating, both the ability of water-permeable brick electromagnetic wave absorption had been assigned by coating, and has had both anti-clogging ability, good water permeability is also maintained by base layer water-permeable brick.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sponge urban architecture field of material technology, more particularly, to a kind of multi-functional water-permeable brick and its
Preparation method.
Background technology
The urban waterlogging problem being concerned in recent years, rainwater mainly passes through row in traditional urban construction pattern theory
Drainage facility is drained, and ponding can not penetrate into underground on road surface, and rainwater resource is not fully utilized, often result in meet rain must flood,
The negative environmental consequences such as tropical island effect.And mainly there is the solution of the above problem in China and increases drainage pipe diameter, online at present
Cistern etc. is built in water storage, and not only generally existing invests the shortcomings such as big, occupied space is big for these measures, but also is constructed
Time is long, efficiency is low.Sponge urban construction can more preferably solve the problems, such as urban waterlogging.
With the extensive use of electronic technology, artificial electromagnetic energy increases rapidly, urban electromagnetic radiation pollution producing cause
There are broadcast emission tower, communication tool and mobile communication station.The newest announcement of the World Health Organization：Electromagenetic wave radiation has become 21 century
The fourth-largest global environmental problem after water pollution, air pollution and noise pollution.Be particular about the feature of environmental protection, electromagnetism in sponge city
The pollution of wave radiation is urgently to be resolved hurrily.
During sponge city is built, water-permeable brick is largely used, and still, existing water-permeable brick can not solve electricity
The problem of electromagnetic wave radiation, in addition, existing water-permeable brick easily blocks, in use, gradually loses water permeability.
The content of the invention
The present invention is the defects of overcoming described in the above-mentioned prior art, provides a kind of multi-functional water-permeable brick.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of water-permeable brick prepared using sludge, is made of, the base base layer and the coating being covered in the base layer
The ratio of the thickness of body layer and the coating is 1 ~ 3:1, the coating includes the following raw material calculated by weight：Sludge
40 ~ 45 parts, common 20 ~ 23 parts of stone, 15 ~ 18 parts of slag, 8 ~ 10 parts of flyash, 10 ~ 15 parts of haydite, 12 ~ 15 parts of waterglass, stone
10 ~ 12 parts of sand, 10 ~ 15 parts of absorbing material, 6 ~ 7 parts of monkey grass, 2 ~ 3 parts of sepiolite fibre.
During water-permeable brick is prepared, the raw material of water-permeable brick generally in the art may be employed in base layer, in order to obtain
Good water permeability, in the raw material of base layer, coarse aggregate general proportion is higher, and hole is generally large after brick body is made；It covers
In the raw material of cap rock, sludge, flyash are as fine aggregate；Slag, common stone, haydite are as coarse aggregate；Waterglass cohesive force
By force, intensity is higher, acid resistance, heat-resist；Quartz sand is hard, wear-resisting, stable chemical performance；Municipal dirt may be employed in sludge
Mud, industrial sludge etc., general dehydration to 70 wt% of water content ~ 80wt%.
Base layer is different from granular size, the content of coating, and fine aggregate is more in coating, causes the hole of coating
It is smaller, can prevent base layer from blocking, and by coating add absorbing material be prepared it is permeable
Brick has the ability of electromagnetic wave absorption.Base layer is engaged with coating, both assigns water-permeable brick electromagnetic wave absorption by coating
Ability, and anti-clogging ability is had both, further through base layer so that water-permeable brick maintains good water permeability.
Absorbing material is the material for being capable of electromagnetic wave absorption, and in the art, absorbing material is typically chosen can be permeable
Stable absorbing material is kept in the sintering process of brick, for cost consideration, is typically chosen traditional absorbing material, wherein, it is common
Have ferrite, barium titanate, graphite, carborundum.
Monkey grass and sepiolite fibre are introduced into water-permeable brick coating, can increase the hole of water-permeable brick coating
Rate.Since the general density of traditional absorbing material is big, porosity is low, it is added in water-permeable brick so that under the water permeability of water-permeable brick
Drop by the effect of monkey grass and sepiolite fibre, increases porosity so that the water-permeable brick prepared using absorbing material is covered
Layer is while possessing performance of absorbing electromagnetic wave, moreover it is possible to keep excellent water permeability.
Haydite is made of discarded ceramic slag, and slag and flyash are trade waste, and waste utilization is provided
Sourceization utilizes.
The following raw material calculated by weight, 40 ~ 45 parts of sludge, common 20 ~ 23 parts of stone, slag may be employed in base layer
15 ~ 18 parts, 10 ~ 15 parts of haydite, 12 ~ 15 parts of waterglass, 10 ~ 12 parts of quartz sand.
Other materials can also be added according to the prior art by preparing the raw material of above-mentioned water-permeable brick, ensure the globality of water-permeable brick
Energy is provided simultaneously with the ability of electromagnetic wave absorption.
Preferably, the absorbing material is the mixture of one or more of ferrite, barium titanate, graphite, carborundum.
Preferably, the absorbing material is reduction-oxidation graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material.Ferroso-ferric oxide with
Reduction-oxidation graphite is compound, and ferriferrous oxide particles is avoided to assemble, and has the surface of bigger, and the effect of electromagnetic wave absorption is more preferable.
On the other hand, reduction-oxidation graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material contains reduction-oxidation graphite, and reduction-oxidation graphite can
Increase the toughness and cracking resistance of water-permeable brick.
Preferably, the content of ferroso-ferric oxide is in the reduction-oxidation graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material
80wt%~90wt%.When the content of ferroso-ferric oxide is more than 90wt% in reduction-oxidation graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material,
Ferriferrous oxide particles aggregation, distribution can be caused not uniform enough, influence the performance of the electromagnetic wave absorption for the water-permeable brick being prepared；
When the content of ferroso-ferric oxide is less than 80wt% in reduction-oxidation graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material, although can also prepare
The water-permeable brick with electromagnetic wave absorption is obtained, but since ferroso-ferric oxide content reduces, when adding the absorbing material of similary weight,
The reduced performance for the water-permeable brick electromagnetic wave absorption being prepared if increasing the additive amount of absorbing material, may influence to make
The water permeability of standby obtained water-permeable brick.
Preferably, the preparation method of the reduction-oxidation graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material includes the following steps：
S1. graphite oxide is prepared；
S2. graphite oxide, iron chloride, sodium acetate and ethylenediamine are dispersed in ethylene glycol, it is washing, dry after hydro-thermal reaction
To reduction-oxidation graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material.The graphite oxide can also use commercially available graphite oxide.
Preferably, the sludge is municipal sludge.Sludge is formed in water treatment procedure using organic matter as main component
Gunk；Its high organic content, easily degenerates smelly, and particle is thinner, and density is smaller, and moisture content is high and is not easy to be dehydrated,
It is the hydroaropic substance of jelly structure.Municipal sludge refers mainly to the sludge of sewage plant, further includes the sludge of waterworks；Municipal administration
Sludge is the byproduct after sewage disposal, be it is a kind of by organic debris, inorganic particle, colloid etc. form it is extremely complex it is non-
Plastid.During municipal sludge is urban life, the waste that largely generates prepares water-permeable brick, waste by using municipal sludge
It utilizes, has effectively saved resource.When municipal sludge prepares water-permeable brick, generally through dehydration to moisture content for 70 wt% ~
80wt%。
Preferably, the slag crosses 10 mesh sieves, and the quartz sand crosses 10 mesh sieves, and the grain size of the flyash is less than or equal to
0.15 mm, the grain size of the haydite is 1.5 ~ 7.0 mm.In ability, the grain size of flyash is 5 μm or more, fine coal in the present invention
The grain size of ash is less than or equal to 0.15 mm.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods for preparing water-permeable brick.
A kind of method for preparing above-mentioned water-permeable brick, includes the following steps：
S1. base layer and coating difference dispensing, are mixed into mud, organic bond are added in mixing；
S2. the base layer mud of S1. and coating mud are distinguished into cloth, it is dry-pressing formed that adobe is made, then it will do
It is dry；
S3. the adobe of S2. is sintered, obtains water-permeable brick.
By adding organic bond, it ensure that the bond strength of adobe, can disappear after high temperature sintering.Base layer and covering
Layer difference cloth, it is then dry-pressing formed together, adobe is made, is firmly combined with each other, the base of manufactured water-permeable brick after sintering
It is combined very securely between body layer and coating, forms complete water-permeable brick.The thickness of base layer and coating can be identical, respectively
Account for the half of the thickness of water-permeable brick.By adjusting base layer and the thickness of coating, the whole water penetration of water-permeable brick can be adjusted
Energy.
Preferably, the organic bond includes mixture one or more of in carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, dextrin.
Preferably, the organic bond accounts for the 4 ~ 7% of mud total weight.
Preferably, the moisture content of the mud is 15wt% ~ 18wt%.
Preferably, the temperature of the drying is 105 ~ 108 DEG C, and the moisture content after the brick bat drying is less than or equal to 6wt%.
Moisture content is less than or equal to 6wt% after brick bat drying, generally in order to improve work efficiency, energy consumption is reduced, without moisture content is dropped
It is low to 4wt% and following.
Preferably, the condition of the sintering is：Heating rate is 3.5 ~ 4.0 DEG C/min, is warming up to 1025-1150 DEG C and protects
Cool down after warm 2.5-3 h.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The present invention mixes sludge, common stone, slag, haydite, waterglass, quartz sand as base layer, by absorbing material and
Sludge, common stone, slag, flyash, haydite, waterglass, quartz sand, monkey grass, sepiolite fibre mixing are as covering
Layer has been prepared the water-permeable brick with base layer and coating, by the cooperation of base layer and coating, has both passed through coating
The ability of water-permeable brick electromagnetic wave absorption is assigned, and has both anti-clogging ability, is also maintained well by base layer water-permeable brick
Water permeability.
, it is necessary to largely using water-permeable brick in sponge Process of Urban Development, water-permeable brick is prepared using sludge and building waste,
Increase the environmental-protecting performance of water-permeable brick, can be salvaged, reduce waste discharge, greatly improve the resource utilization in city.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the side structure schematic diagram of the multi-functional water-permeable brick of embodiment 1 ~ 11 and comparative example 1 ~ 2.
In figure, 1 is the base layer of water-permeable brick；2 be the coating of water-permeable brick.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated With reference to embodiment.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the sludge used for municipal sludge, be generally dehydrated using belt filter press by conventional
After use, dewatered municipal sludge moisture content is 70wt% ~ 80wt%, and pH value be 7.0 ~ 8.5, carbon-nitrogen ratio for (20 ~ 35):1st, have
Machine object content is 40% ~ 60%.
Common stone, waterglass, quartz sand, monkey grass, sepiolite fibre are common commercial product；The grain of haydite
Footpath is between 1.5 mm and 7 mm；Slag crosses 10 mesh sieves, and the grain size of the flyash is less than or equal to 0.15 mm.
For barium titanate, graphite, carborundum as absorbing material by being commercially available, barium titanate uses commercially available barium titanate
Powder, graphite use commercially available electrically conductive graphite powder, and carborundum uses commercial carbonized silicon powder；
Reduction-oxidation graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material as absorbing material is prepared with the following method, in addition, making
To compare, the ferroferric oxide powder of no composite reduction graphite oxide is also prepared for.
Reduction-oxidation graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide the composite wave-suction material used in embodiment is obtained using following preparation method
It arrives：
S1. by 9 in ice-water bath:1 dense H2SO4/H3PO4（270 mL：30 mL）It pours into the flask equipped with 3 g graphite powders
After mixing, 18 g potassium permanganate are slowly added to, reaction temperature is controlled at 35 ~ 40 DEG C；
S2. continue to stir 20 h under 50 DEG C of water bath conditions.Reaction terminates, and pours into and is equipped with after reaction solution is cooled to room temperature
In the beaker of 200 mL ice, 30% hydrogen peroxide is then slowly added dropwise to solution colour yellowing；
S3., acquired solution under 1000 rpm is centrifuged to 1 min and removes not fully oxidized graphite, afterwards 4000 rpm from
Heart 1h.After removing supernatant, successively with distilled water, 30% hydrochloric acid and absolute ethyl alcohol wash 2 times；
S4. the product centrifuged is dissolved in n-hexane, is filtered with Teflon film, and filter cake is dried in vacuo 12 h at 60 DEG C, grinds
To graphite oxide；
S5. 0.6 g graphite oxides ultrasonic dissolution is taken in 150 mL ethylene glycol, then adds in 6.0g FeCl3•6H2O, 18.0
G sodium acetates and 60 mL ethylenediamines, 2 h of ultrasound make its dissolving.Then mixture is transferred in 200 mL water heating kettles, at 200 DEG C
9 h of lower reaction.Product is filtered and is washed for several times with water and ethyl alcohol, it is multiple to obtain reduction-oxidation graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide after dry
Close absorbing material（RGO-Fe3O4）, four oxidation three in the reduction-oxidation graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material being prepared
Iron content is 85wt%.By adjusting graphite oxide and FeCl3•6H2The rate of charge of O, ferroso-ferric oxide content, which is also prepared, is
76 wt%, 80wt%, 90 wt%, reduction-oxidation graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material of 95 wt%.
In the present invention, the test method of water-permeable brick is as follows：
（1）The coefficient of permeability test of water-permeable brick, uses《Water-permeable brick》（CJ/T945-2005）Method carry out；
（2）The performance of absorbing electromagnetic wave test of water-permeable brick：The test of space field strength is carried out using field intensity meter, it is empty in same building
Between, under the same cases such as same emission source, test the field strength of water-permeable brick prepared by different embodiments or comparative example to spatial points
Influence, selection data wherein are compared.Since the frequency of electromagnetic radiation existing for space is different, so adopting
It is recorded with spatial electromagnetic energy value, is converted into decibel value.By testing in the same position of the same space, blank value subtracts
Test value after the water-permeable brick in the present invention absorbs is absorbed value, when blank value is not using water-permeable brick of the invention
The result of test.Although the performance of absorbing electromagnetic wave test on water-permeable brick not yet also locate by relevant criterion, correlative study work
In the primary stage, but the above method is able to demonstrate that the water-permeable brick of the present invention possesses the performance of electromagnetic wave absorption radiated wave, has
Practicability and feasibility；
（3）The anti-folding breaking load test of water-permeable brick, uses《Water-permeable brick》（CJ/T945-2005）Method carry out.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment prepares a kind of water-permeable brick prepared using sludge, and preparation method includes the following steps：
S1. the mud of base layer is prepared：42 parts of the municipal sludge that will be calculated by weight, common 21 parts of stone, 16 parts of slag,
10 parts of haydite, 15 parts of waterglass, 12 parts of quartz sand, 6 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and it is 15% to control moisture content（Weight percent）；
Prepare the mud of coating：42 parts of the municipal sludge that will be calculated by weight, common 21 parts of stone, 16 parts of slag, flyash 9
Part, 10 parts of haydite, 15 parts of waterglass, 12 parts of quartz sand, reduction-oxidation graphite -12 parts of ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material, palm fibre
7 parts of palmitic acid fiber, 2 parts of sepiolite fibre, 8 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose stir into mud after mixing, and it is 15% to control moisture content（Weight
Measure percentage）；Ferroso-ferric oxide content is 80wt% in reduction-oxidation graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material；
S2. block forming in dry-pressing formed machine, matrix will be put into after the base layer mud of S1. and coating mud respectively cloth
Layer is identical with overburden cover, and the pressure of dry-pressing formed machine is 28Mpa, and permeable brick adobe is made；By permeable brick adobe obtained
It is dried by spontaneously drying or being put into drying box, if being put into drying in drying box, drying temperature is 108 DEG C, controls moisture content
For 5%（Weight percent）；
S3. the dried permeable brick adobes of S2. are sintered, are warming up to 1130 DEG C with the speed of 3.8 DEG C/min during sintering, continue
It is sintered after 3 h and is down to room temperature to get to water-permeable brick.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is a kind of second embodiment of the water-permeable brick prepared using sludge of the present invention, a kind of to utilize the saturating of sludge preparation
Water brick, preparation method include the following steps：
S1. the mud of base layer is prepared：40 parts of the municipal sludge that will be calculated by weight, common 23 parts of stone, 18 parts of slag,
15 parts of haydite, 12 parts of waterglass, 10 parts of quartz sand, 6 parts of starch, and it is 18% to control moisture content（Weight percent）；Prepare covering
The mud of layer：40 parts of the municipal sludge that will be calculated by weight, common 23 parts of stone, 18 parts of slag, 8 parts of flyash, haydite 15
Part, 12 parts of waterglass, 10 parts of quartz sand, reduction-oxidation graphite -10 parts of ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material, 6 parts of monkey grass,
Mud, 8 parts of starch are stirred into after 3 parts of mixing of sepiolite fibre, and it is 18% to control moisture content（Weight percent）；Reduction-oxidation
Ferroso-ferric oxide content is 80wt% in graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material；
S2. block forming in dry-pressing formed machine, matrix will be put into after the base layer mud of S1. and coating mud respectively cloth
Layer is identical with overburden cover, and the pressure of dry-pressing formed machine is 30Mpa, and permeable brick adobe is made；By permeable brick adobe obtained
It is dried by spontaneously drying or being put into drying box, if being put into drying in drying box, drying temperature is 107 DEG C, controls moisture content
For 6%（Weight percent）；
S3. the dried permeable brick adobes of S2. are sintered, are warming up to 1125 DEG C with the speed of 4.0 DEG C/min during sintering, continue
It is sintered after 2.5 h and is down to room temperature to get to water-permeable brick.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is a kind of 3rd embodiment of the water-permeable brick prepared using sludge of the present invention, a kind of to utilize the saturating of sludge preparation
Water brick, preparation method include the following steps：
S1. the mud of base layer is prepared：45 parts of the municipal sludge that will be calculated by weight, common 20 parts of stone, 15 parts of slag,
12 parts of haydite, 13 parts of waterglass, 11 parts of quartz sand, 6 parts of dextrin, and it is 16% to control moisture content（Weight percent）；Prepare covering
The mud of layer：45 parts of the municipal sludge that will be calculated by weight, common 20 parts of stone, 15 parts of slag, 10 parts of flyash, haydite 12
Part, 13 parts of waterglass, 11 parts of quartz sand, reduction-oxidation graphite -15 parts of ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material, 6 parts of monkey grass,
2 parts of sepiolite fibre, 8 parts of dextrin, stirs into mud after mixing, and it is 16% to control moisture content（Weight percent）；Reduction-oxidation
Ferroso-ferric oxide content is 80wt% in graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material；
S2. block forming in dry-pressing formed machine, matrix will be put into after the base layer mud of S1. and coating mud respectively cloth
Layer is identical with overburden cover, and the pressure of dry-pressing formed machine is 35Mpa, and permeable brick adobe is made；By permeable brick adobe obtained
It is dried by spontaneously drying or being put into drying box, if being put into drying in drying box, drying temperature is 105 DEG C, controls moisture content
For 6%（Weight percent）；
S3. the dried permeable brick adobes of S2. are sintered, are warming up to 1150 DEG C with the speed of 3.5 DEG C/min during sintering, continue
It is sintered after 3 h and is down to room temperature to get to water-permeable brick.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is a kind of fourth embodiment of the water-permeable brick prepared using sludge of the present invention, as different from Example 1, is covered
In the mud of cap rock, ferroso-ferric oxide content is 76wt% in reduction-oxidation graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material.
Other raw materials and preparation method are same as Example 1.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is a kind of 5th embodiment of the water-permeable brick prepared using sludge of the present invention, as different from Example 1, also
Ferroso-ferric oxide content is 85wt% in former graphite oxide-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material.
Other raw materials and preparation method are same as Example 1.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment is a kind of sixth embodiment of the water-permeable brick prepared using sludge of the present invention, as different from Example 1, also
Ferroso-ferric oxide content is 90wt% in former graphite oxide-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material.
Other raw materials and preparation method are same as Example 1.
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment is a kind of 7th embodiment of the water-permeable brick prepared using sludge of the present invention, as different from Example 1, also
Ferroso-ferric oxide content is 95wt% in former graphite oxide-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material.
Other raw materials and preparation method are same as Example 1.
Embodiment 8
The present embodiment is a kind of 8th embodiment of the water-permeable brick prepared using sludge of the present invention, as different from Example 1, is covered
In the mud of cap rock, absorbing material uses ferroferric oxide powder.
Other raw materials and preparation method are same as Example 1.
Embodiment 9
The present embodiment is a kind of 9th embodiment of the water-permeable brick prepared using sludge of the present invention, as different from Example 1, is covered
In the mud of cap rock, absorbing material uses barium titanate.
Other raw materials and preparation method are same as Example 1.
Embodiment 10
The present embodiment is a kind of tenth embodiment of the water-permeable brick prepared using sludge of the present invention, as different from Example 1, is covered
In the mud of cap rock, absorbing material uses graphite.
Other raw materials and preparation method are same as Example 1.
Embodiment 11
The present embodiment is a kind of 11st embodiment of the water-permeable brick prepared using sludge of the present invention, as different from Example 1,
In the mud of coating, absorbing material uses carborundum.
Other raw materials and preparation method are same as Example 1.
Embodiment 12
The present embodiment is a kind of 12nd embodiment of the water-permeable brick prepared using sludge of the present invention, as different from Example 1,
The ratio of the thickness of base layer and coating is 3:1.
Other raw materials and preparation method are same as Example 1.
Comparative example 1
As different from Example 1, absorbing material, monkey grass and sepiolite fibre are not added.
Other raw materials and preparation method are same as Example 1.
Comparative example 2
As different from Example 1, monkey grass and sepiolite fibre are not added.
Other raw materials and preparation method are same as Example 1.
Test result
The coefficient of permeability of embodiment 1 ~ 11 and comparative example 1 ~ 2 and electro-magnetic wave absorption value are tested, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
As shown in Table 1, the effect of the electromagnetic wave absorption of the embodiment of the present invention 1 ~ 12 is better than comparative example 1, and comparative example 1 is common
Water-permeable brick, and the coefficient of permeability of embodiment 1 ~ 12 is all higher than 1 × 10-2Cm/s meets the water permeability requirement of water-permeable brick；
The coating of comparative example 2 is with the addition of reduction-oxidation graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material, does not add monkey grass
And sepiolite fibre, the effect of the electromagnetic wave absorption of comparative example 2 is better than comparative example 1, but 2 water permeability of comparative example is not as good as comparison
Example 1 does not meet the water permeability requirement of water-permeable brick, it may be possible to because coating is with the addition of reduction-oxidation graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide
Composite wave-suction material causes the porosity of water-permeable brick coating to decline, and water-permeable brick water permeability is caused to decline.Therefore, add merely
Add absorbing material that may influence the water permeability of water-permeable brick, it is necessary to add monkey grass and sepiolite fibre, ensure water-permeable brick
Porosity, the coefficient of permeability of water-permeable brick is made to meet the performance requirement of water-permeable brick.
The effect of the electromagnetic wave absorption of embodiment 1 ~ 7 is better than embodiment 8, it is seen that aoxidizes three by reduction-oxidation graphite-four
Water-permeable brick prepared by iron composite wave-suction material is better than water-permeable brick prepared by ferroferric oxide powder, it may be possible to due to oxygen reduction fossil
In ink-ferroso-ferric oxide composite wave-suction material, reduction-oxidation graphite can prevent ferriferrous oxide particles from assembling so that four oxidations
Three-iron particle size smaller is more uniformly spread, surface area bigger, and the effect of the water-permeable brick electromagnetic wave absorption of preparation is more preferable.
The effect for implementing 1,5,6 electromagnetic wave absorption is better than embodiment 4 and embodiment 7, it is seen that-four oxygen of reduction-oxidation graphite
When ferroso-ferric oxide content is 80wt% ~ 90 wt% in change three-iron composite wave-suction material, the absorption electromagnetism for the water-permeable brick being prepared
The performance of ripple is more preferable, it may be possible to which when being more than 90 wt% due to ferroso-ferric oxide content, the reduction-oxidation graphite-ferroso-ferric oxide is multiple
Ferriferrous oxide particles size bigger, the distribution for closing absorbing material are not uniform enough；And ferroso-ferric oxide content be less than 80 wt% when,
Ferroso-ferric oxide content reduces, and causes the performance for the water-permeable brick electromagnetic wave absorption that the absorbing material for adding similary weight is prepared
Decline, in order to enhance the performance of electromagnetic wave absorption, then need to add in more absorbing materials, the water penetration of water-permeable brick may be influenced
Energy.
The anti-folding breaking load of embodiment 1 ~ 12 reaches the performance requirement of water-permeable brick, in addition, implementing 1 ~ 7 anti-folding destruction
Load is higher than embodiment 8, it is seen that and after ferroso-ferric oxide composite reduction graphite oxide, anti-folding breaking load is improved, so
Reduction-oxidation graphite can promote the toughness of water-permeable brick, fracture resistance.
Fine aggregate content is higher in the coating of the water-permeable brick of embodiment 1 ~ 12, and coarse aggregate content is higher in base layer, institute
There is larger hole with base layer so that base layer water permeability is good, and coating has smaller hole, can prevent
Particulate matter enters base layer, prevents water-permeable brick from blocking.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only intended to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and is not pair
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the art, may be used also on the basis of the above description
To make other variations or changes in different ways.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all this
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principle of invention etc., should be included in the claims in the present invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of multi-functional water-permeable brick, which is characterized in that be made of base layer and the coating being covered in the base layer, institute
The ratio for stating the thickness of base layer and the coating is 1 ~ 3:1, the coating includes the following raw material calculated by weight：
40 ~ 45 parts of sludge, common 20 ~ 23 parts of stone, 15 ~ 18 parts of slag, 8 ~ 10 parts of flyash, 10 ~ 15 parts of haydite, waterglass 12 ~ 15
Part, 10 ~ 12 parts of quartz sand, 10 ~ 15 parts of absorbing material, 6 ~ 7 parts of monkey grass, 2 ~ 3 parts of sepiolite fibre.
2. water-permeable brick according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the absorbing material for ferrite, barium titanate, graphite,
The mixture of one or more of carborundum.
3. water-permeable brick according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the absorbing material aoxidizes for reduction-oxidation graphite-four
Three-iron composite wave-suction material.
4. water-permeable brick according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the reduction-oxidation graphite-compound suction of ferroso-ferric oxide
The content of ferroso-ferric oxide is 80wt% ~ 90wt% in wave material.
5. water-permeable brick according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the slag crosses 10 mesh sieves, and the quartz sand crosses 10 mesh
Sieve, the grain size of the flyash are less than or equal to 0.15 mm, and the grain size of the haydite is 1.5 ~ 7.0 mm.
A kind of 6. method for preparing any one of claim 1 ~ 5 water-permeable brick, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1. base layer and coating difference dispensing, are mixed into mud, organic bond are added in mixing；
S2. the base layer mud of S1. and coating mud are distinguished into cloth, it is dry-pressing formed that adobe is made, then it will do
It is dry；
S3. the adobe of S2. is sintered, obtains water-permeable brick.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the organic bond include carboxymethyl cellulose, starch,
One or more of mixture in dextrin.
8. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the moisture content of the mud is 15wt% ~ 18wt%.
9. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the condition of the sintering is：Heating rate is 3.5 ~ 4.0
DEG C/min, it is warming up to 1025-1150 DEG C and cools down after keeping the temperature 2.5-3 h.
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