JP2007145669A - Water-retainable block and its production method - Google Patents

Water-retainable block and its production method Download PDF

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JP2007145669A
JP2007145669A JP2005344498A JP2005344498A JP2007145669A JP 2007145669 A JP2007145669 A JP 2007145669A JP 2005344498 A JP2005344498 A JP 2005344498A JP 2005344498 A JP2005344498 A JP 2005344498A JP 2007145669 A JP2007145669 A JP 2007145669A
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water
block
mass
water retention
layer portion
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Yoshihito Kuroiwa
義仁 黒岩
Kozo Murata
浩三 村田
Hisashi Tateyashiki
久志 立屋敷
Masakazu Yasuda
雅一 安田
Masami Sasaki
昌実 佐々木
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TOKYO HOSO KOGYO
Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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TOKYO HOSO KOGYO
Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water-retainable block having both of excellent water percolation properties and water retainability, and further having high pumping performance, and to provide its production method. <P>SOLUTION: The concrete block comprises a water-retaining material composed of porous particulates, and has a water-retaining content of ≥0.15 g/cm<SP>3</SP>, a sucking height of ≥70% and the coefficient of water permeability of ≥0.01 cm/sec. Preferably, the water-retaining material is composed of porous particulates with the average particle diameter of 0.15 to 1.2 mm composed of papermaking sludge incineration ash, and the water-retaining block comprises the water-retaining material of 37.5 to 87.5 pts.mass to 100 pts.mass of cement. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は保水性と揚水性能を有し、かつ透水性に優れた保水性コンクリートブロックに関する。より詳しくは、本発明は、歩道、駐車場、広場などの舗装用ブロックとして好適な保水性ブロックであって、都市部のヒートアイランド現象を抑制することができる保水性ブロックとその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a water-retaining concrete block having water retention and pumping performance and excellent water permeability. More specifically, the present invention relates to a water retention block suitable as a paving block for sidewalks, parking lots, plazas, etc., and relates to a water retention block capable of suppressing a heat island phenomenon in urban areas and a method for manufacturing the same.

近年、都市部において、気温が周辺地域より高くなるヒートアイランド現象が問題となっており、その原因として、地表面被覆の人工化（舗装面や建築物の増大による熱の吸収蓄熱の増大など）、人工排熱の増加（自動車や建物の排熱、工場など事業活動による排熱など）、都市形態の変化（弱風化、緑地や水面の減少など）などが指摘されている。 In recent years, in urban areas, the heat island phenomenon in which the temperature is higher than the surrounding area has become a problem, and as the cause, artificial surface cover (increased heat absorption heat storage due to increase in paved surfaces and buildings, etc.), Increased artificial exhaust heat (exhaust heat from automobiles and buildings, exhaust heat from business activities such as factories), changes in urban form (weak weathering, decrease in green space and water surface, etc.) have been pointed out.

都市部における地表の人工被覆の例としては、歩道や広場などの舗装に、コンクリート平板やインターロッキングブロックなどの舗装用ブロックが広く使用されている。この舗装用ブロックのうち、一般的なものは雨水を下方に浸透させない構造となっている。これに対して、内部に比較的大きな連続空隙を設けて雨水を浸透させ、水溜りを防止し、また水はねを抑制して歩行しやすくした舗装用ブロックもある。 As an example of artificial covering of the ground surface in urban areas, paving blocks such as concrete flat plates and interlocking blocks are widely used for pavements such as sidewalks and plazas. Among these paving blocks, a general block has a structure that does not allow rainwater to penetrate downward. On the other hand, there is also a paving block in which a relatively large continuous gap is provided inside to prevent rainwater from penetrating, preventing water accumulation, and suppressing water splashing to make walking easier.

ところで、路面の温度上昇を抑制するには、日射時に表面の水分が蒸発し、そのときに気化熱を路面から奪うことが効果的であると考えられている。夏場の打ち水もこの現象を利用したものである。しかし、従来の舗装用ブロックは、内部に水を貯める機能や下側から水を吸上げる（揚水機能）が極めて小さく、水分が蒸発するときの気化熱が僅かであるため、路面温度の上昇を抑える効果は小さく、ヒートアイランド現象の抑制には不向きである。 By the way, in order to suppress the temperature rise of the road surface, it is considered effective to remove the heat of vaporization from the road surface when the moisture on the surface evaporates during solar radiation. Summer water hitting also uses this phenomenon. However, the conventional pavement block has a very small function of storing water inside and sucking water from the bottom (pumping function), and the heat of vaporization when the water evaporates is very small. The effect of suppressing is small and is not suitable for suppressing the heat island phenomenon.

このような一般的な舗装用ブロックの他に、保水性を高めた舗装用ブロックとして保水性セラミックスブロックが知られている。例えば、加熱膨張性の珪酸塩質原料と加熱収縮性の珪酸塩質原料を焼成した多孔質焼結体が提案されている（特許文献１）。また、製品の製造の際に廃棄物を利用し、焼成した保水性セラミックスブロックなどの製品も公開されている（非特許文献１）。 In addition to such general paving blocks, water-retaining ceramic blocks are known as paving blocks with improved water retention. For example, a porous sintered body obtained by firing a heat-expandable silicate material and a heat-shrinkable silicate material has been proposed (Patent Document 1). In addition, products such as water-retaining ceramic blocks fired by using wastes in the production of products have been disclosed (Non-Patent Document 1).

これらのブロックは、高い保水率を有するので、路面温度を低減する効果が良いものの、透水性に劣り、雨天時に路面の水はけが悪く、透水性が基準を満足しないと云う問題がある。また、焼成して製造するために焼成設備を必要とし、製造が限られる。さらに、製造コストが通常の舗装用ブロックに比べて約３倍程度と高い。 Since these blocks have a high water retention rate, they have a good effect of reducing the road surface temperature, but are inferior in water permeability, have problems of poor water drainage in rainy weather, and water permeability does not satisfy the standards. Moreover, in order to manufacture by baking, a baking installation is required and manufacture is restricted. Furthermore, the manufacturing cost is about three times as high as that of a normal paving block.

一方、透水性を高めたブロックとして、内部に微細な連続空隙を有する軽量骨材を使用した保水性コンクリート硬化体（特許文献２）や、また骨材に陶器瓦の破砕屑や高炉水砕スラグを用いた舗装用ブロックが知られている（特許文献３）。しかし、これらの硬化体ないしブロックは保水率や吸水性が小さいので、路面温度を十分に低減する効果が得られず、またブロック製造時の骨材の管理が煩雑になる等の問題がある。
特開平８−３１９１７９号公報 ＮＥＴＩＳ新技術概要説明情報、登録No.KT-040094 特開２００１−１５８６７６号公報 特開２００４−１９７３１０号公報 On the other hand, as a block with increased water permeability, hardened water-retaining concrete using lightweight aggregate with fine continuous voids inside (Patent Document 2), as well as crushed debris from ceramic tiles and granulated blast furnace slag as aggregate There is known a paving block using a slab (Patent Document 3). However, since these hardened bodies or blocks have a low water retention rate and water absorption, there is a problem that the effect of sufficiently reducing the road surface temperature cannot be obtained, and the management of aggregates at the time of block production becomes complicated.
JP-A-8-319179 NETIS New Technology Overview Information, Registration No.KT-040094 JP 2001-158676 A JP 2004-197310 A

本発明は、従来の舗装用コンクリートブロックにおける上記問題を解決したものであり、優れた透水性と保水性とを兼ね備えると共に高い揚水性能を有する保水性ブロックとその製造方法を提供する。なお、本発明においてはモルタルを含めてコンクリートと云う場合がある。 This invention solves the said problem in the conventional concrete block for paving, and provides the water retention block which has the outstanding water permeability and water retention, and has high pumping performance, and its manufacturing method. In the present invention, concrete including mortar is sometimes referred to as concrete.

本発明によれば、以下の構成によって上記問題を解決した保水性ブロックとその製造方法が提供される。
（１）多孔質微粒子からなる保水材を含有するコンクリートブロックであって、保水量が０.１５g/cm3以上、吸上げ高さが７０％以上、透水係数が０.０１cm/sec以上であることを特徴とする保水性ブロック。
（２）保水量が０.１５〜０.３g/cm3、吸上げ高さが７０〜１００％、透水係数が０.０１〜０.１cm/secである上記(1)に記載する保水性ブロック。
（３）保水材が、製紙スラッジ焼却灰からなる平均粒径０.１５〜１.２mmの多孔質微粒子である上記(1)または上記(2)に記載する保水性ブロック。
（４）保水材の含有量が、セメント１００質量部に対して、３７.５〜８７.５質量部である上記(1)〜上記(3)の何れかに記載する保水性ブロック。
（５）骨材が平均粒径０.１５mm〜１.２mmの微粒砂を含み、保水材と微粒砂の合計質量がセメント１００質量部に対して７０〜１３０質量部であって、保水材と微粒砂の合計質量のうち、微粒砂の割合が５０質量％未満である上記(1)〜上記(4)の何れかに記載する保水性ブロック。
（６）基層部と表層部とが一体成形されたコンクリートブロックであって、表層部の骨材は細粒を含有し、基層部の骨材は粒径２.５〜１３mmの粗粒を骨材の２５〜５５質量％含有する上記(1)〜上記(5)の何れかに記載する保水性ブロック。
（７）粒径２.５〜１３mmの粗粒を２５〜５５質量％含有する骨材、セメント、および水を混練し、この混練物を型枠に投入し、加圧振動して基層部を形成する工程と、基層部を形成した後に、細粒を含有する骨材とセメントおよび水を混練し、この混練物を上記型枠に投入して上記基層部の上に重ね、加圧振動して表層部を基層部と一体に形成する工程と、形成したブロックを脱型して養生する養生工程とからなることを特徴とする保水性ブロックの製造方法。 According to the present invention, a water-retaining block that solves the above problems and a method for manufacturing the same are provided by the following configuration.
(1) A concrete block containing a water retention material composed of porous fine particles, having a water retention amount of 0.15 g / cm 3 or more, a suction height of 70% or more, and a water permeability of 0.01 cm / sec or more. A water retention block characterized by that.
(2) Water retention as described in (1) above, wherein the water retention amount is 0.15 to 0.3 g / cm 3 , the wicking height is 70 to 100%, and the water permeability coefficient is 0.01 to 0.1 cm / sec. block.
(3) The water retention block according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the water retention material is porous fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.15 to 1.2 mm made of paper sludge incineration ash.
(4) The water retention block according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the content of the water retention material is 37.5 to 87.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement.
(5) The aggregate includes fine sand having an average particle size of 0.15 mm to 1.2 mm, and the total mass of the water retention material and the fine sand is 70 to 130 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement, The water retention block according to any one of (1) to (4) above, wherein the proportion of the fine sand is less than 50% by mass of the total mass of the fine sand.
(6) A concrete block in which a base layer portion and a surface layer portion are integrally formed, wherein the aggregate of the surface layer portion contains fine particles, and the aggregate of the base layer portion is made of coarse particles having a particle size of 2.5 to 13 mm. The water retention block according to any one of (1) to (5) above, which is contained in an amount of 25 to 55% by mass of the material.
(7) Aggregate containing 25 to 55% by mass of coarse particles having a particle diameter of 2.5 to 13 mm, cement, and water are kneaded. After forming the base layer portion, the aggregate containing fine particles, cement and water are kneaded, and the kneaded material is put into the mold and overlaid on the base layer portion and subjected to pressure vibration. A method for producing a water-retaining block comprising: a step of integrally forming a surface layer portion with a base layer portion; and a curing step of demolding and curing the formed block.

本発明の保水性ブロックは、優れた保水性と揚水性能を有するので、舗装用ブロックとして用いたときに、十分な水分を蒸発させることでき、その気化熱によって路面温度を十分に低減する効果が得られる。また、本発明の保水性ブロックは保水性および揚水性能と共に優れた透水性を兼ね備えるので、水捌けが良く、水溜りのない歩き易い歩道や道路を形成することができる。 Since the water retention block of the present invention has excellent water retention and pumping performance, when used as a paving block, it can evaporate sufficient water, and the effect of sufficiently reducing the road surface temperature by its vaporization heat. can get. Moreover, since the water retention block of the present invention has excellent water permeability as well as water retention and pumping performance, it is easy to drain and can form a walkable sidewalk or road that does not have a puddle.

さらに、本発明の保水性ブロックは、好ましくは、保水材として製紙スラッジ焼却灰からなる多孔質微粒子を用いるので、処分に困っていた製紙スラッジ焼却灰を有効に利用することができる。 Furthermore, since the water-retaining block of the present invention preferably uses porous fine particles made of paper sludge incineration ash as a water retention material, the paper sludge incineration ash that has been difficult to dispose of can be used effectively.

本発明の保水性ブロックは、多孔質微粒子からなる保水材を配合し、骨材の粒径と含有量を調整することによって、透水性と共に保水性および揚水性を高めた、コンクリートブロックである。 The water retention block of the present invention is a concrete block in which a water retention material composed of porous fine particles is blended, and the particle size and content of the aggregate are adjusted to improve water retention and pumping performance as well as water permeability.

本発明の保水性ブロックは、具体的には、保水量が０.１５g/cm3以上、吸上げ高さが７０％以上、透水係数が０.０１cm/sec以上であることを特徴とする保水性ブロックであり、好ましくは、保水量が０.１５〜０.３g/cm3、吸上げ高さが７０〜１００％、透水係数が０.０１〜０.１cm/secの保水性ブロックである。 Specifically, the water retention block of the present invention has a water retention amount of 0.15 g / cm 3 or more, a suction height of 70% or more, and a water permeability of 0.01 cm / sec or more. A water-retaining block having a water retention amount of 0.15 to 0.3 g / cm 3 , a suction height of 70 to 100%, and a water permeability of 0.01 to 0.1 cm / sec. .

本発明の保水性ブロックに用いる保水材は、好ましくは製紙スラッジ焼却灰からなる多孔質微粒子である。製紙スラッジ焼却灰は、古紙から再生紙を製造する際に発生するスラッジ（ペーパースラッジ）を焼却炉にて８５０℃程度の高温で焼却したときの灰であり、これを焼成炉にて８５０〜９００℃の高温で２０〜４０分程度焼成することによって顆粒状の多孔質微粒子が得られる。この顆粒状微粒子には多数の微細な空隙が存在し、このため親水性が良く、高い吸水率を有する。また、製紙スラッジを高温焼却して得られるので、焼却灰の主成分であるシリカとアルミナが堅く結合し、化学的に非常に安定なセラミックスとなる。この製紙スラッジ焼却灰の焼成粒子は用途に応じた粒径に粉砕し分級して利用される。 The water retention material used in the water retention block of the present invention is preferably porous fine particles made of paper sludge incineration ash. Papermaking sludge incineration ash is ash when incinerating sludge (paper sludge) generated when producing recycled paper from waste paper at a high temperature of about 850 ° C. in an incinerator. Granular porous fine particles are obtained by baking at a high temperature of about 20 to 40 minutes. The granular fine particles have a large number of fine voids, and therefore have good hydrophilicity and high water absorption. Moreover, since it is obtained by incineration of papermaking sludge at high temperature, silica and alumina, which are the main components of incinerated ash, are tightly bonded to form a chemically very stable ceramic. The fired particles of the papermaking sludge incineration ash are used after being pulverized and classified to a particle size according to the application.

本発明の保水性ブロックは、保水材として製紙スラッジ焼却灰からなる多孔質微粒子を含有することによって高い保水性を有することができる。この製紙スラッジ焼却灰からなる多孔質微粒子は平均粒径０.１５〜１.２mmの微粒子が好ましい。平均粒径が０.１５mm未満では、練混ぜ中にミキサ内でダマが生じ易く、均一なブロックの成形が難しい。また、平均粒径が１.２mmを超えると、練混ぜ中に骨材の剪断、摩擦等の作用によってこの焼却灰粒子が砕かれて細かくなるために、保水量の管理が難しくなる。この多孔質微粒子は平均粒径０.３〜０.６mmの微粒子がさらに好ましい。 The water retention block of the present invention can have high water retention by containing porous fine particles made of paper sludge incineration ash as a water retention material. The porous fine particles made of this papermaking sludge incineration ash are preferably fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.15 to 1.2 mm. If the average particle size is less than 0.15 mm, lumps are likely to occur in the mixer during mixing, and it is difficult to form a uniform block. On the other hand, if the average particle size exceeds 1.2 mm, the incinerated ash particles are crushed and become fine due to the action of aggregate shearing and friction during kneading, making it difficult to manage the water retention amount. The porous fine particles are more preferably fine particles having an average particle size of 0.3 to 0.6 mm.

製紙スラッジ焼却灰からなる多孔質微粒子の含有量は、セメント１００質量部に対して、３７.５〜８７.５質量部が好ましい。この含有量が３７.５質量部よりも少ないと高い保水性能（保水量：0.15g/cm3以上、吸上げ高さ：70％以上）が得られ難い。このため路面温度低減効果が小さい。一方、この含有量が８７.５質量部よりも多いと保水量は増大するものの、曲げ強度が大きく低下し、透水性ブロックの規格値（3.0N/mm2以上）を満足でき難く、また充填率が大きくなり（空隙率が小さくなり）、規定の透水係数（０.０１cm/sec以上）を確保できない場合がある。多孔質微粒子の含有量は５０〜７０質量部がより好ましい。 The content of the porous fine particles made of papermaking sludge incinerated ash is preferably 37.5 to 87.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement. When this content is less than 37.5 parts by mass, it is difficult to obtain high water retention performance (water retention amount: 0.15 g / cm 3 or more, wicking height: 70% or more). For this reason, the road surface temperature reduction effect is small. On the other hand, when the content is more than 87.5 parts by mass, the water retention amount increases, but the bending strength is greatly reduced, and it is difficult to satisfy the standard value of the water permeable block (3.0 N / mm 2 or more). The rate increases (porosity decreases), and a prescribed water permeability coefficient (0.01 cm / sec or more) may not be ensured. The content of the porous fine particles is more preferably 50 to 70 parts by mass.

本発明の保水性ブロックに配合する骨材は、好ましくは、平均粒径０.１５mm〜１.２mmの微粒砂を含み、保水材と微粒砂の合計質量がセメント１００質量部に対して７０〜１３０質量部であり、保水材と微粒砂の合計質量のうち、微粒砂の割合が５０質量％未満であるものが良い。この微粒砂の吸水率は通常の細骨材と同程度であり、製紙スラッジ焼却灰からなる微粒子のように大きくはないが、微細な連続空隙を形成するのに有効な材料である。 The aggregate to be blended in the water retention block of the present invention preferably contains fine sand having an average particle size of 0.15 mm to 1.2 mm, and the total mass of the water retention material and fine sand is 70 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement. It is 130 parts by mass, and the ratio of the fine sand is preferably less than 50% by mass in the total mass of the water retaining material and the fine sand. This fine sand has a water absorption rate similar to that of ordinary fine aggregates, and is not as large as fine particles made of paper sludge incinerated ash, but is an effective material for forming fine continuous voids.

骨材に含まれる微粒砂の平均粒径が０.１５mmよりも小さいと、空隙を充填するペースト分が多くなり、空隙率が減少して透水性が低下するので、目的の透水係数を満足し難くなる。一方、微粒砂の平均粒径が１.２mmよりも大きいと、微細な連続空隙を形成できず、保水性能が劣化し、吸上げ高さも小さくなる。 If the average particle size of the fine sand contained in the aggregate is smaller than 0.15 mm, the amount of paste filling the gap increases, the porosity decreases and the water permeability decreases, so that the desired hydraulic conductivity is satisfied. It becomes difficult. On the other hand, if the average particle size of the fine sand is larger than 1.2 mm, fine continuous voids cannot be formed, the water retention performance is deteriorated, and the suction height is also reduced.

この微粒砂は、通常の砂を篩分けして所定の粒度にしたものでもよく、市販されている珪砂などから所定の粒度のものを選択したものでもよい。例えば、珪砂６号（0.6〜0.075mm）、珪砂７号（0.3〜0.053mm）、珪砂９号（0.212mm以下）などが利用できる。なお、これらに限定するものではない。また、廃鋳物砂などをリサイクル材として利用してもよい。 The fine sand may be obtained by sieving ordinary sand to have a predetermined particle size, or may be one having a predetermined particle size selected from commercially available silica sand or the like. For example, silica sand No. 6 (0.6 to 0.075 mm), silica sand No. 7 (0.3 to 0.053 mm), silica sand No. 9 (0.212 mm or less) and the like can be used. However, the present invention is not limited to these. Moreover, you may utilize waste casting sand etc. as a recycling material.

本発明の保水性ブロックに用いるセメントの種類は限定されない。普通ポルトランドセメント（JIS A 5210）、混合セメント（JIS R 5211、5212、5213）など何れも用いることができる。また、骨材の種類も限定されない。例えば、通常のコンクリートブロックに用いる一般的な骨材の他に、スラグ骨材や溶融スラグ骨材などを使用することができる。さらに、水量を減らすために使用する高性能減水剤などの減水性を有する化学混和剤などを使用することができる。 The kind of cement used for the water retention block of the present invention is not limited. Ordinary Portland cement (JIS A 5210), mixed cement (JIS R 5211, 5212, 5213) and the like can be used. Also, the type of aggregate is not limited. For example, a slag aggregate, a molten slag aggregate, etc. other than the general aggregate used for a normal concrete block can be used. Furthermore, a chemical admixture having a water reducing property such as a high performance water reducing agent used for reducing the amount of water can be used.

本発明の保水性ブロックは、基層部と表層部とが一体成形されたコンクリートブロックであり、基層部はコンクリートによって形成し、表層部はモルタルによって形成することができる。具体的には、例えば、表層部の骨材は細粒を含有するモルタルによって形成し、基層部の骨材は粒径２.５〜１３mmの粗粒を骨材の２５〜５５質量％含有するコンクリートによって形成すると良い。 The water-retaining block of the present invention is a concrete block in which a base layer portion and a surface layer portion are integrally formed. The base layer portion can be formed of concrete, and the surface layer portion can be formed of mortar. Specifically, for example, the aggregate of the surface layer portion is formed of mortar containing fine particles, and the aggregate of the base layer portion contains coarse particles having a particle size of 2.5 to 13 mm and 25 to 55% by mass of the aggregate. It is good to form with concrete.

基層部に用いる骨材のうち粒径２.５〜１３mmの粗粒は、７号砕石(2.5〜5.0mm)、６号砕石(5〜13mm)などを用いることができる。なお、これらに限定されない。上記粗粒の含有量が２５質量％未満では、保水性能は高くなるものの、透水性や曲げ強度が低下し、規格値（透水係数：0.01cm/sec以上、曲げ強度：3.0N/mm2以上）を満たさない場合がある。一方、上記粗粒の含有量が５５質量％を上回ると、コンクリートの空隙径が大きくなり、透水係数は大きくなるが、保水性能が大きく低下する傾向がある。上記粗粒の骨材中の含有量は３５〜４５質量％がより好ましい。 Among the aggregates used in the base layer, coarse particles having a particle size of 2.5 to 13 mm can be No. 7 crushed stone (2.5 to 5.0 mm), No. 6 crushed stone (5 to 13 mm), and the like. Note that the present invention is not limited to these. When the content of the coarse particles is less than 25% by mass, the water retention performance is improved, but the water permeability and bending strength are reduced, and the standard values (water permeability coefficient: 0.01 cm / sec or more, bending strength: 3.0 N / mm 2 or more) ) May not be satisfied. On the other hand, when the content of the coarse particles exceeds 55% by mass, the pore diameter of the concrete increases and the water permeability coefficient increases, but the water retention performance tends to decrease greatly. As for content in the said coarse-grained aggregate, 35-45 mass% is more preferable.

このような基層部と表層部とを有する保水性ブロックは、基層部を形成するコンクリートを型枠に入れて加圧振動して成形した後に、表層部を形成するモルタルを上記型枠に投入して基層部のコンクリートの上に重ね、これを加圧振動して基層部と表層部を一体に成形し、脱型した後に養生して製造することができる。 In such a water retaining block having a base layer portion and a surface layer portion, the concrete forming the base layer portion is placed in a mold and molded by pressure vibration, and then the mortar forming the surface layer portion is put into the mold. Thus, the base layer portion can be overlaid on the concrete and pressure-vibrated to form the base layer portion and the surface layer portion integrally.

具体的には、第一工程（基層部成形工程）として、２.５〜１３mmの粗粒を２５〜５５質量％含有する骨材、セメント、および水を混練してコンクリートを製造し、この混練物を型枠に投入し、加圧振動して基層部を形成する。次に、第二工程（表層部成形工程）として、細粒を含有する骨材とセメントおよび水を混練してモルタルを製造し、この混練物を上記型枠に投入して上記基層部の上に重ね、加圧振動して表層部を基層部と一体に形成する。成形後、脱型して養生することによって基層部と表層部からなる保水性ブロックを得ることができる。 Specifically, as a first step (base layer forming step), a concrete is produced by kneading an aggregate containing 25 to 55 mass% of coarse particles of 2.5 to 13 mm, cement, and water. An object is put into a mold and subjected to pressure vibration to form a base layer portion. Next, as a second step (surface layer portion forming step), an aggregate containing fine particles, cement and water are kneaded to produce a mortar, and the kneaded product is put into the mold and placed on the base layer portion. And the surface layer portion is formed integrally with the base layer portion by pressure vibration. After molding, a water retention block composed of a base layer portion and a surface layer portion can be obtained by removing the mold and curing.

上記製造方法において、混練設備や成形設備などは、既存のインターロッキングブロックや平板ブロックなどの製造に用いられているものを使用できる。なお、これらに限定されない。上記製造方法によって、透水性と共に保水性および揚水性能を兼ね備え、曲げ強度の大きい保水性ブロックを効率よく大量生産することができる。具体的には、保水量が０.１５g/cm3以上、吸上げ高さが７０％以上、透水係数が０.０１cm/sec以上、好ましくは、保水量が０.１５〜０.３g/cm3、吸上げ高さが７０〜１００％、透水係数が０.０１〜０.１cm/secの保水性ブロックを得ることができる。 In the above manufacturing method, kneading equipment, molding equipment, and the like can be those used for manufacturing existing interlocking blocks, flat blocks, and the like. Note that the present invention is not limited to these. By the above manufacturing method, it is possible to efficiently mass-produce a water-retaining block having both water permeability and water retention and pumping performance and high bending strength. Specifically, the water retention amount is 0.15 g / cm 3 or more, the wicking height is 70% or more, the water permeability is 0.01 cm / sec or more, preferably the water retention amount is 0.15 to 0.3 g / cm. 3, wicking height from 70 to 100% can be permeability obtain a water retention blocks 0.01~0.1cm / sec.

以下、本発明を実施例および比較例によって具体的に示す。なお、本例は特に指定のない限り本発明を限定するものではない。試験方法および使用材料を以下に示す。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by Examples and Comparative Examples. Note that this example does not limit the present invention unless otherwise specified. Test methods and materials used are shown below.

＜試験方法＞
(1)コンクリートの練混ぜ
所定の材料をミキサ（50リットル強制攪拌式ミキサ）に投入し、空練り１５秒後に水及び高性能減水剤を投入し、９０秒間混練後排出した。
(2)供試体（ブロック）の成形方法
即時脱型用テストマシンにより、振動数3140rpm、振幅1.4mm、加圧力0.05N/mm2の条件で、供試体（幅100×長さ200×厚さ60mm）を作製し、試験に供した。
(3)空隙率の測定
即時脱型直後のブロックについて質量、寸法を測定し、以下の式から充填率および空隙率を計算した。ブロックの空隙率0％の理論質量は配合に基づいて算出される。
充填率(％)＝(ブロックの質量／ブロックの空隙率0％の理論質量)×１００
空隙率(％)＝100−充填率
(4)曲げ強度
社団法人インターロッキングブロック舗装技術協会（JIPEA）の試験方法に準拠し、材齢14日にて実施。
(5)透水試験
JIPEAの試験方法に準拠し、材齢14日にて実施。
(6)保水量
保水性舗装ブロック品質規格検討委員会が定めた保水性試験方法により求めた。
保水量(g/cm3）＝（湿潤質量−乾燥質量）／供試体の体積
(7)吸上げ高さ
保水性舗装ブロック品質規格検討委員会が定めた吸水性試験方法により求めた。
吸上げ高さ(％)＝(30分後の吸上げ質量−絶乾質量)/(湿潤質量−絶乾質量)×１００
(8)フィールド試験
２m×2mの面積で実際にブロックを敷設し、路面温度を排水性アスファルト舗装の路面温度と比較した。 <Test method>
(1) Kneading concrete A predetermined material was put into a mixer (50 liter forced stirring mixer), water and a high-performance water reducing agent were put in after 15 seconds of empty kneading, and after kneading for 90 seconds, it was discharged.
(2) Molding method of specimen (block) Using a test machine for immediate demolding, specimen (width 100 x length 200 x thickness) under the conditions of frequency 3140rpm, amplitude 1.4mm, pressure 0.05N / mm 2 60 mm) was prepared and used for testing.
(3) Measurement of porosity The mass and dimensions of the block immediately after immediate demolding were measured, and the filling rate and porosity were calculated from the following equations. The theoretical mass with 0% porosity of the block is calculated based on the formulation.
Filling rate (%) = (Mass of block / Theoretical mass of block porosity 0%) × 100
Porosity (%) = 100-filling rate
(4) Bending strength Based on the testing method of the Interlocking Block Pavement Technology Association (JIPEA).
(5) Permeability test
In accordance with JIPEA test methods, conducted on the 14th day of the age.
(6) Water retention amount This was determined by the water retention test method established by the Water Quality Pavement Block Quality Standards Review Committee.
Water retention amount (g / cm 3 ) = (wet mass−dry mass) / volume of specimen
(7) Suction height was determined by the water absorption test method defined by the Quality Standards Committee for Water Retaining Pavement Blocks.
Suction height (%) = (Suction weight after 30 minutes−absolute mass) / (wet mass−absolute mass) × 100
(8) Field test A block was actually laid in an area of 2m x 2m, and the road surface temperature was compared with the road surface temperature of drainage asphalt pavement.

Figure 2007145669
Figure 2007145669

〔実施例１〕
材料構成として、通常のインターロッキングブロックの配合（普通タイプ、透水タイプ）とし、製紙スラッジ焼却灰からなる多孔質微粒子（保水材）を混入した本発明のブロック（実施例１）と、多孔質微粒子を配合しない比較例のブロックを製造し、その性状を比較した。配合を表２示し、試験結果を表３に示す。実施例１のブロックは、保水量が比較例１、２の約３倍〜１０倍、吸上げ高さが比較例１、２の約８倍〜１０倍であり、透水係数は普通タイプのインターロッキングブロックよりも高い。 [Example 1]
The block of the present invention (Example 1) mixed with porous fine particles (water-retaining material) made of paper sludge incineration ash, with the composition of a normal interlocking block (ordinary type, water-permeable type) as a material structure, and porous fine particles The block of the comparative example which does not mix | blend was manufactured, and the property was compared. Table 2 shows the formulation and Table 3 shows the test results. In the block of Example 1, the water retention amount is about 3 to 10 times that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the suction height is about 8 to 10 times that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and the water permeability is an ordinary type of interface. Higher than the locking block.

Figure 2007145669
Figure 2007145669

Figure 2007145669
Figure 2007145669

〔実施例２〕
製紙スラッジ焼却灰からなる多孔質微粒子（保水材）の平均粒径を３水準（2.5mm、0.6mm、0.15mm以下）に変えて、ブロックの性状を調べた。配合を表４に示し、試験結果を表５に示す。実施例２のブロックは好適な粒径の保水材を含有するので、透水係数、保水量、および吸上げ高さの何れも好ましい範囲である。一方、保水材の粒径が大き過ぎる比較例３のブロック、および保水材の粒径が小さ過ぎる比較例４のブロックは何れも透水係数、保水量、吸上げ高さの全てが実施例２よりも低い。 [Example 2]
The properties of the blocks were examined by changing the average particle size of porous fine particles (water retaining material) made of papermaking sludge incineration ash to three levels (2.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.15 mm or less). The formulation is shown in Table 4 and the test results are shown in Table 5. Since the block of Example 2 contains a water retention material having a suitable particle diameter, the water permeability coefficient, the water retention amount, and the suction height are all in a preferable range. On the other hand, all of the block of Comparative Example 3 in which the particle size of the water retaining material is too large and the block of Comparative Example 4 in which the particle size of the water retaining material is too small are all in terms of the water permeability, the amount of water retention, and the suction height from Example 2. Is also low.

Figure 2007145669
Figure 2007145669

Figure 2007145669
Figure 2007145669

〔実施例３〕
製紙スラッジ焼却灰からなる多孔質微粒子（平均粒径０.６mm）の含有量を変えて、ブロックの性状を調べた。配合を表６に示し、試験結果を表７に示す。実施例３のブロックは適量の保水材を有するので、透水係数、保水量、および吸上げ高さの何れも好ましい範囲である。一方、保水材の含有量が少ない比較例５のブロックは実施例３よりも保水量が格段に少なく、吸上げ高さも小さい。また、保水材の含有量が多過ぎる比較例６のブロックは、実施例３よりも保水量および吸上げ高さは大きいが、透水係数が格段に小さい。 Example 3
The properties of the blocks were examined by changing the content of porous fine particles (average particle size 0.6 mm) made of papermaking sludge incineration ash. The formulation is shown in Table 6 and the test results are shown in Table 7. Since the block of Example 3 has an appropriate amount of water retaining material, all of the water permeability coefficient, the water retaining amount, and the suction height are within a preferable range. On the other hand, the block of Comparative Example 5 having a small water-retaining material content has much less water-retaining capacity and lower suction height than Example 3. Moreover, although the block of the comparative example 6 with too much content of a water retention material has a water retention amount and a suction height larger than Example 3, its water permeability coefficient is remarkably small.

Figure 2007145669
Figure 2007145669

Figure 2007145669
Figure 2007145669

〔実施例４〕
基層部と表層部とが一体成形された保水性ブロックについて、基層部の骨材の配合を変えてブロックの性状を調べた。基層部と表層部には何れも平均粒径０.６mmの製紙スラッジ焼却灰からなる多孔質微粒子の保水材を配合した。ブロックの配合を表８に示し、試験結果を表９に示す。実施例４のブロックは基層部に適量の粗骨材を有するので、透水係数、保水量、および吸上げ高さの何れも好ましい範囲である。一方、粗骨材量が多すぎる比較例７は、実施例４よりも保水量と吸上げ高さが格段に小さい。また、粗骨材量が少ない比較例８は透水係数が実施例４よりも大幅に小さい。 Example 4
About the water retention block in which the base layer part and the surface layer part were integrally formed, the composition of the aggregate of the base layer part was changed and the properties of the block were examined. Both the base layer portion and the surface layer portion were mixed with a water-retaining material of porous fine particles made of paper sludge incinerated ash having an average particle diameter of 0.6 mm. Table 8 shows the composition of the block, and Table 9 shows the test results. Since the block of Example 4 has an appropriate amount of coarse aggregate in the base layer portion, all of the water permeability coefficient, the water retention amount, and the suction height are within a preferable range. On the other hand, Comparative Example 7 in which the amount of coarse aggregate is too much has a significantly smaller water retention amount and suction height than Example 4. Further, Comparative Example 8 having a small amount of coarse aggregate has a significantly smaller water permeability coefficient than that of Example 4.

Figure 2007145669
Figure 2007145669

Figure 2007145669
Figure 2007145669

〔実施例５〕
微粒砂を混合した骨材を用い、微粒砂の粒径および混合量を変えてブロックを製造し、その性状を調べた。使用材料を表１０に示し、配合を表１１に示した。また試験結果を表１２に示した。実施例５のブロックは保水材と共に、好適な粒径の微粒砂を適量含有するので、透水係数、保水量、および吸上げ高さの何れも好ましい範囲である。一方、比較例９は微粒砂の粒径が大きすぎるので、保水量と吸上げ高さが少ない。また、比較例１０は微粒砂の粒径が小さすぎるので、透水係数が大幅に小さい。比較例１１は微粒砂の含有量が多く、保水材と同量であるので、透水係数が大幅に小さい。一方、比較例１２は微粒砂の含有量が少ないので保水量が格段に少ない。比較例１３は微粒砂に対して保水材の含有量が少ないので、保水量が大幅に低い。 Example 5
Using aggregates in which fine sand was mixed, blocks were produced by changing the particle size and mixing amount of fine sand, and their properties were examined. The materials used are shown in Table 10 and the formulations are shown in Table 11. The test results are shown in Table 12. Since the block of Example 5 contains an appropriate amount of fine sand having a suitable particle size together with the water retention material, all of the water permeability coefficient, the water retention amount, and the suction height are within a preferable range. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 9, since the particle size of the fine sand is too large, the water retention amount and the suction height are small. Moreover, since the particle diameter of the fine sand is too small in Comparative Example 10, the water permeability coefficient is significantly small. Since the comparative example 11 has much fine sand content and the same amount as the water retaining material, the water permeability coefficient is significantly small. On the other hand, since Comparative Example 12 has a small content of fine sand, the water retention amount is remarkably small. Since the comparative example 13 has little water retention material content with respect to fine sand, its water retention amount is significantly low.

Figure 2007145669
Figure 2007145669

Figure 2007145669
Figure 2007145669

Figure 2007145669
Figure 2007145669

〔実施例６−７：路面温度低減試験〕
２m平方の面積（2m×2m）で保水性ブロックを駐車場に敷設し、路面温度を８月上旬に測定した。また、比較例として、アスファルト舗装および従来のインターロッキングブロック(透水タイプ)を同様に敷設して、同時に路面温度を測定した。使用した本発明の保水性ブロックの配合を表１３に示し、試験結果を図１に示す。また、比較例１４（アスファルト舗装）および比較例１５（インターロッキングブロック）の路面温度の測定結果を図２に示す。図１および図２に示すように、本発明の保水性ブロック（実施例６、７）の表面温度は、アスファルト舗装やインターロッキングブロックと比べて著しく低く、優れた路面温度低減効果を有する。また、この効果は持続性があり、長期間効果を維持することができる。 [Example 6-7: Road surface temperature reduction test]
A water retention block was laid in the parking lot with an area of 2m square (2m x 2m), and the road surface temperature was measured in early August. As a comparative example, asphalt pavement and a conventional interlocking block (water-permeable type) were laid in the same manner, and the road surface temperature was measured at the same time. The composition of the water-retaining block of the present invention used is shown in Table 13, and the test results are shown in FIG. Moreover, the measurement result of the road surface temperature of the comparative example 14 (asphalt pavement) and the comparative example 15 (interlocking block) is shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the surface temperature of the water retention block (Examples 6 and 7) of the present invention is significantly lower than that of asphalt pavement or interlocking blocks, and has an excellent road surface temperature reduction effect. In addition, this effect is persistent and can be maintained for a long time.

Figure 2007145669
Figure 2007145669

実施例６、７の保水性ブロックの表面温度を示すグラフThe graph which shows the surface temperature of the water retention block of Example 6, 7 従来のアスファルト舗装とインターロッキングブロックの表面温度を示すグラフGraph showing surface temperature of conventional asphalt pavement and interlocking block

Claims (7)

多孔質微粒子からなる保水材を含有するコンクリートブロックであって、保水量が０.１５g/cm3以上、吸上げ高さが７０％以上、透水係数が０.０１cm/sec以上であることを特徴とする保水性ブロック。
A concrete block containing a water retention material composed of porous fine particles, having a water retention amount of 0.15 g / cm 3 or more, a suction height of 70% or more, and a water permeability coefficient of 0.01 cm / sec or more. Water retention block.
保水量が０.１５〜０.３g/cm3、吸上げ高さが７０〜１００％、透水係数が０.０１〜０.１cm/secである請求項１に記載する保水性ブロック。
The water retention block according to claim 1, wherein the water retention amount is 0.15 to 0.3 g / cm 3 , the suction height is 70 to 100%, and the water permeability is 0.01 to 0.1 cm / sec.
保水材が、製紙スラッジ焼却灰からなる平均粒径０.１５〜１.２mmの多孔質微粒子である請求項１または２に記載する保水性ブロック。
The water-retaining block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water-retaining material is porous fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.15 to 1.2 mm made of paper sludge incinerated ash.
保水材の含有量が、セメント１００質量部に対して、３７.５〜８７.５質量部である請求項１〜３の何れかに記載する保水性ブロック。
The water retention block according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the content of the water retention material is 37.5 to 87.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement.
骨材が平均粒径０.１５mm〜１.２mmの微粒砂を含み、保水材と微粒砂の合計質量がセメント１００質量部に対して７０〜１３０質量部であって、保水材と微粒砂の合計質量のうち、微粒砂の割合が５０質量％未満である請求項１〜４の何れかに記載する保水性ブロック。
The aggregate includes fine sand having an average particle size of 0.15 mm to 1.2 mm, and the total mass of the water retaining material and the fine sand is 70 to 130 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the cement. The water retention block according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the proportion of fine sand in the total mass is less than 50 mass%.
基層部と表層部とが一体成形されたコンクリートブロックであって、表層部の骨材は細粒を含有し、基層部の骨材は粒径２.５〜１３mmの粗粒を骨材の２５〜５５質量％含有する請求項１〜５の何れかに記載する保水性ブロック。
A concrete block in which a base layer portion and a surface layer portion are integrally formed, wherein the aggregate of the surface layer portion contains fine particles, and the aggregate of the base layer portion is coarse particles having a particle diameter of 2.5 to 13 mm. The water-retaining block according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is contained in an amount of -55 mass%.
粒径２.５〜１３mmの粗粒を２５〜５５質量％含有する骨材、セメント、および水を混練し、この混練物を型枠に投入し、加圧振動して基層部を形成する工程と、基層部を形成した後に、細粒を含有する骨材とセメントおよび水を混練し、この混練物を上記型枠に投入して上記基層部の上に重ね、加圧振動して表層部を基層部と一体に形成する工程と、形成したブロックを脱型して養生する養生工程とからなることを特徴とする保水性ブロックの製造方法。

A process of kneading an aggregate, cement, and water containing 25 to 55% by mass of coarse particles having a particle diameter of 2.5 to 13 mm, putting the kneaded material into a mold, and oscillating under pressure to form a base layer portion. Then, after forming the base layer portion, the aggregate containing fine granules, cement and water are kneaded, and the kneaded material is put into the mold and overlaid on the base layer portion, and the surface layer portion is oscillated under pressure. A method for producing a water-retaining block, comprising: a step of integrally forming the substrate with the base layer portion; and a curing step of removing the formed block and curing.

JP2005344498A 2005-11-29 2005-11-29 Water-retainable block and its production method Pending JP2007145669A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007230827A (en) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-13 Utsunomiya Univ Water retentive block and low slump stiff-consistency hydraulic composition using paper sludge ash
JP2010133090A (en) * 2008-12-02 2010-06-17 Maeda Road Constr Co Ltd Soil paving material
JP2011017132A (en) * 2009-07-07 2011-01-27 Taiheiyo Precast Concrete Industry Co Ltd Slow evaporation-type quickly-removable block for pavement
JP2011102494A (en) * 2009-11-11 2011-05-26 Taiheiyo Precast Concrete Industry Co Ltd Pavement block
ES2392069A1 (en) * 2010-09-07 2012-12-04 Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (Csic) Autonival composition. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
WO2013005689A1 (en) 2011-07-01 2013-01-10 小松精練株式会社 Interlocking block
US9593676B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2017-03-14 Randal K. VanConett Rectangular pump attachment interface providing a portable fixed link between a pump line coupled to a mobile tank and a line disposed in a reservoir

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JPH04193784A (en) * 1990-11-27 1992-07-13 Showa Denko Kk Production of lightweight-aggregate concrete coping
JP2001151580A (en) * 1999-11-25 2001-06-05 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Premixed material and porous concrete using the same
JP2003252673A (en) * 2002-02-27 2003-09-10 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Water-retentive block
JP2003313809A (en) * 2002-04-22 2003-11-06 Kawai Sekkai Kogyo Kk Water-retentive filler for water-permeable asphalt pavement and water-permeable asphalt pavement filled with it
JP2005048403A (en) * 2003-07-31 2005-02-24 Mitsubishi Materials Corp Pavement body having water retaining function

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04193784A (en) * 1990-11-27 1992-07-13 Showa Denko Kk Production of lightweight-aggregate concrete coping
JP2001151580A (en) * 1999-11-25 2001-06-05 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Premixed material and porous concrete using the same
JP2003252673A (en) * 2002-02-27 2003-09-10 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Water-retentive block
JP2003313809A (en) * 2002-04-22 2003-11-06 Kawai Sekkai Kogyo Kk Water-retentive filler for water-permeable asphalt pavement and water-permeable asphalt pavement filled with it
JP2005048403A (en) * 2003-07-31 2005-02-24 Mitsubishi Materials Corp Pavement body having water retaining function

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007230827A (en) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-13 Utsunomiya Univ Water retentive block and low slump stiff-consistency hydraulic composition using paper sludge ash
JP2010133090A (en) * 2008-12-02 2010-06-17 Maeda Road Constr Co Ltd Soil paving material
JP2011017132A (en) * 2009-07-07 2011-01-27 Taiheiyo Precast Concrete Industry Co Ltd Slow evaporation-type quickly-removable block for pavement
JP2011102494A (en) * 2009-11-11 2011-05-26 Taiheiyo Precast Concrete Industry Co Ltd Pavement block
ES2392069A1 (en) * 2010-09-07 2012-12-04 Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (Csic) Autonival composition. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
US9593676B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2017-03-14 Randal K. VanConett Rectangular pump attachment interface providing a portable fixed link between a pump line coupled to a mobile tank and a line disposed in a reservoir
WO2013005689A1 (en) 2011-07-01 2013-01-10 小松精練株式会社 Interlocking block
KR20140058497A (en) 2011-07-01 2014-05-14 고마쓰 세렌 컴파니 리미티드 Interlocking block

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