CN1169425C - Breeding method of soybean improved variety - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention belongs to a breeding method of the qualified variety of soybean, which has the seed breeding environment of Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Beijing, Inner mongolia and northeast China. A parent adopts self-qualifying Brazilian soybean with the 1000-seed weight of 230 grams, a late-mature variety of the Brazilian soybean with medium size granules, yellow seed coats and medium size straw is adopted as a female parent, and Lufeng No. 1 in China, which has the characteristics of yellow seed coat, 1000-seed weight of 235 grams, early maturing, short straw and beans with medium size granules, is used as a male parent for breeding by hybridization. In the method of the hybridization, the androecia of the female parent are artificially removed, and the androecia of the male parent are taken for pollination to the stigmas of the female parent; in the selection of a filial generation, fake hybrid plants are removed and real hybrid single plants are reserved, and the qualified variety Xindou No. 1 of the soybean, which can be popularized in the large area of China, is bred from the single plants which satisfy selection conditions and are selected from a segregated generation.

Description

A kind of breeding method of soybean varieties suitable

Technical field

The invention belongs to a kind of breeding method of soybean varieties suitable.

Background technology

Along with the continuous development of Chinese national economy, the agricultural of China has had new breakthrough, but the soybean in China amount can not satisfy home need always for many years, and the quantity of annual imported soybean is very big, has had a strong impact on the development of China's agricultural economy.The soybean in China lagging reasons is exactly that the output of soybean fundamentally can not get good raising always, behind China's accession to the WTO, must strengthen the competitiveness that China produces, want to solve the problem that Chinese soybean yields poorly, must fundamentally cultivate high yield and high quality soybean kind.

Summary of the invention

The breeding method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of soybean varieties suitable, the soybean varieties suitable of cultivating with this method can improve China's soybean fine quality greatly, and its output height, and adaptability is strong, and commodity value is excellent, the anosis murder by poisoning and the advantage of easy infection toxinosis not.

The breeding method of soybean kind of the present invention is as follows:

(1) breeding environment is in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Beijing, Inner Mongol and the Northeast carry out;

(2) selection of hybrid strain, the parent adopts Brazil of thousand kernel weight 230 grams from excellent beans, with its medium-sized grain, yellow seed coat, medium-sized bar late variety is maternal, plants the Beijing opera look with China, rich No. one of the Shandong of thousand kernel weight 235 grams, precocity, short bar, the medium-sized grain beans are made male parent, cross-breeding;

(3) cross method with manually removing maternal stamen, is got the male parent stamen and is given maternal column cap pollination;

(4) seed selection of filial generation, remove pseudo-friendship strain and keep true presentate strain, segregative generation is selected the individual plant that meets the seed selection condition, selects the seed kind to change next year kind and becomes strain system, carries out continuous 3～4 years kind plant system again and selects, when strain system reach stable after, carry out ecological region planting, determine growth and development state, stability, after mass rate of production is stable, get final product popularizing planting;

(5) the soybean varieties suitable situation of Pei Yuing, big roundleaf is opened and is spent in vain, limited pod bearing habit, the fringe of being made up of three pods that binds binds automatically, and bar is thick, strong, hard, plant height reaches 1.80～2 meters, belongs to high bar soybean, main footpath 40～45 joints, 8～10 of long fruit branches, medium-sized seed is planted the Beijing opera look, the rheum officinale cotyledon, black flower navel, the seed circle.

The soybean varieties suitable that the present invention cultivates is named as " Xindou No.1 "; this kind can improve China's soybean fine quality greatly, and its output height, and adaptability is strong; commodity value is excellent; the anosis murder by poisoning and the advantage of easy infection toxinosis not, growing way height, medium-sized grain; the grain yellow seed coat; black navel, quality better, features good taste.Identify through agricultural product quality supervision and inspection center of the Ministry of Agriculture: the spring beans contain protein 35.83%, contain grease 30.37%; The summer beans contain protein 36.58%, grease 24.22%, and output is up to more than 600 jin, reach 50% than the traditional soybean volume increase, and disease-resistant performance is good, and yellow seed coat belongs to high bar soybean system, and quality better is easily the most delicious.

Breeding maturation of the present invention, stable yield is got Brazil from the higher bar of excellent beans, and seed is solid, and characteristics such as high-quality are got the rich soybean precocity in Shandong, and beans is medium-sized, stable performance, the speciality that bar is hard is hybridized.After the breeding as seed can be in China East China, Central China, North China, south China large tracts of land promotes.At first the main agricultural industry district towards China promotes general then opening.The Xindou No.1 sowing quantity is few, and spring appropriation kind program request or live 1.5～2 kilograms, summer beans are with kinds 2.5～3 kilograms, 60～70 centimeters of plantation line-spacing spring beans, 15～20 centimeters of spacing in the rows.50 centimeters of summer beans plantation line-spacings, spacing in the rows triangle stay 5 centimeters of seedlings all can, plant height is dense, pod Da Ye garden, up to 1.80 meters, non-lodging.Manageability can anti-multiple diseases, insect pest.But yield increase effect 50%, per mu yield reach 600～800 jin, a traditional unit of weight, if the fertile sufficient water per mu yield value of foot reaches more than 1000 yuan, have improved the peasant planting benefit greatly.For the demand of China soybean has been established a good social base.As raw-food material, but extensive use and senior catering trade, ecological beauty culture, ecological medical science and related industry raw material, additives etc. will be adjusted the economic structue of agriculture, increase farmers' income and carry out national soybean action programme, improve people's living standard and make positive contribution.

Embodiment

(1) breeding environment and target, breeding environment in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Beijing, Inner Mongol and the Northeast carry out; And be adapted at China, be particularly suitable for planting, and have precocity, medium-sized seed, yellow seed coat, 1.8 meters of plant heights, non-lodging, quality better, the high and good kind of disease-resistant performance of output in above-mentioned area.

(2) selection of hybrid strain, the parent adopts Brazil of thousand kernel weight 230 grams from excellent beans, and with its medium-sized grain, yellow seed coat, medium-sized bar late variety are maternal.Brazil has the growing way height from excellent beans, and beans is medium-sized, the grain garden, and the output advantage of higher, but it is not disease-resistant, and easily lodging is late-maturing.Plant the Beijing opera look with China, rich No. one of the Shandong of thousand kernel weight 235 grams, precocity, short bar, the medium-sized grain beans are made male parent, cross-breeding; The Shandong has precocity rich No. one, and the medium-sized grain beans are planted the Beijing opera look, and bar is short hard, non-lodging, and the advantage that disease resistance is good, but it yields poorly taste bad will.Carry out reasonable disposition hybrid combination, make that pluses and minuses can remedy mutually between the parent, the parent has the main proterties of breeding objective requirement, two parents have more advantage, and male parent adapts to local condition, the ecotype that this source of amphiphilic is different, and hereditary difference is big, the composition reorganization is high, and the hereditary basis of hybrid is good.

(3) cross method with manually removing maternal stamen, is got the male parent stamen and is given maternal column cap pollination; The Glycine self pollination crop, raceme, how white corolla is; Keel bag stamen; Stamen central authorities are a gynoecium, with manually removing maternal stamen, the maternal flower that choosing will be bloomed removes other bud on bud next door, left hand is held the colored right hand under the arm and is unpluged the calyx sheet downwards with tweezers and be clipped in keel flower pesticide portion with tweezers then petal is pulled out in the lump together with flower pesticide, finishes and manually removes maternal stamen.Castrate the back if at this moment column cap toughness secretion column cap maturation then gets the male parent flower that will bloom, remove petal the stamen of male parent is smeared on maternal column cap, get another floral leaf sheet after the pollination and encase the pollination flower and get final product with safety pin is fixing.

(4) seed selection of filial generation, Jie seed is a crossbreed then, plantation in 1 year is first-filial generation, removes pseudo-friendship strain and keeps true presentate strain.Plantation in the 3rd year because genetic recombination phenotype difference is big, is selected the individual plant that meets the seed selection condition for second filial generation, selects the seed kind to change next year kind and becomes strain system.Go out to meet the individual plant of seed selection condition continuously, carry out continuous 4～6 years kind plant system again and select.When strain system reach stable after, common the 4th generation strain is the basicly stable performance neat and consistent of no longer separating, and selects the strain that meets the seed selection condition and ties up to and determine to carry out ecological region planting under the geographical environment, determines growth and development state, stability, after mass rate of production is stable, get final product popularizing planting, China's the greater part weather conditions, the mountain ridge, sand ground, hollow alkali ground all can be planted, and breeding can be at the soybean varieties suitable of China's large tracts of land popularization;

(5) situation of the soybean varieties suitable of Pei Yuing, it keeps parents' common advantage, and big roundleaf is opened and is spent in vain, limited pod bearing habit, the fringe of being made up of three pods that binds binds automatically, and bar is thick, strong, hard, and plant height reaches 1.80～2 meters, belong to high bar soybean, main footpath 40～45 joints, 8～10 of long fruit branches, medium-sized seed is planted the Beijing opera look, the rheum officinale cotyledon, black flower navel, seed circle, output height, composition is excellent, and is disease-resistant, can be at China's large tracts of land popularizing planting.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of breeding method of soybean varieties suitable is characterized in that:

(1) breeding environment is in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Beijing, Inner Mongol and the Northeast carry out;

(2) selection of hybrid strain, the parent adopts Brazil of thousand kernel weight 230 grams from excellent beans, with its medium-sized grain, yellow seed coat, medium-sized bar late variety is maternal, plants the Beijing opera look with China, rich No. one of the Shandong of thousand kernel weight 235 grams, precocity, short bar, the medium-sized grain beans are made male parent, cross-breeding;

(3) cross method with manually removing maternal stamen, is got the male parent stamen and is given maternal column cap pollination;

(4) seed selection of filial generation, remove pseudo-friendship strain and keep true presentate strain, segregative generation is selected the individual plant that meets the seed selection condition, selects the seed kind to change next year kind and becomes strain system, carries out continuous 3～4 years kind plant system again and selects, when strain system reach stable after, carry out ecological region planting, determine growth and development state, stability, after mass rate of production is stable, get final product popularizing planting;

(5) the soybean varieties suitable situation of Pei Yuing, big roundleaf is opened and is spent in vain, limited pod bearing habit, the fringe of being made up of three pods that binds binds automatically, and bar is thick, strong, hard, plant height reaches 1.80～2 meters, belongs to high bar soybean, main footpath 40～45 joints, 8～10 of long fruit branches, medium-sized seed is planted the Beijing opera look, the rheum officinale cotyledon, black flower navel, the seed circle.