CN116940235A - 杀有害生物配制品 - Google Patents
杀有害生物配制品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116940235A CN116940235A CN202280018143.8A CN202280018143A CN116940235A CN 116940235 A CN116940235 A CN 116940235A CN 202280018143 A CN202280018143 A CN 202280018143A CN 116940235 A CN116940235 A CN 116940235A
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/88—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms six-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
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- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
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- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含噻虫嗪的具有杀有害生物活性,特别是具有杀昆虫活性的组合物,以及它们用于控制大田作物中的动物有害生物的用途。
Description
本发明涉及包含噻虫嗪的具有杀有害生物活性,特别是具有杀昆虫活性的组合物,以及它们用于控制大田作物中的动物有害生物的用途。
包含噻虫嗪的杀有害生物配制品是已知的,例如从WO 01/20986获知。然而,仍然需要提供杀有害生物组合物,这些杀有害生物组合物可以具有任何数量的益处,尤其包括对于保护植物抵抗昆虫的有利水平的生物活性或对于用作农用化学品活性成分的优越特性(例如,更高的生物活性、有利的活性谱、增加的安全性(包括改善的作物耐受性)、改善的物理-化学特性、或增加的生物可降解性)。
现在已经发现,进一步包含噻虫嗪和特定的表面活性剂组合的配制品在噻虫嗪的水性组合物中,特别是在包含用于种子处理的噻虫嗪的可流动浓缩物的配制品中,提供了优越的稳定性能。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种杀有害生物组合物,其包含:
(a)具有式(I)的化合物:
或其农用化学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、对映异构体、互变异构体或N-氧化物;
(b)水;和
(c)表面活性剂系统,其包含:
至少一种具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物:
HO-(CH2CH2O)x-(CH(CH3)CH2O)y-(CH2CH2O)x’-H (II)
其中
x和x’彼此相等或不同,是从70至120的整数,并且
y是从20至45的整数,并且
其中聚氧乙烯:聚氧丙烯链长比是从4:1至7:1;和
至少一种具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐:
其中
R1、R2和R3彼此相等或不同,独立地选自-CH2CH2-、-CH(CH3)CH2-和-CH2CH2CH2CH2-,
i、j和k彼此相等或不同,是0或从1至15的整数,条件是i、j和k中的至少一个不同于0,并且
X为钠或钾。
出于本发明的目的,根据本发明的杀有害生物组合物旨在涵盖所有其生物等效组合物。
出人意料的是,发现本发明的新型杀有害生物组合物在储存时显示出长期的物理稳定性,并具有良好的晶体生长抑制特性以及非常有利的生物活性水平,用于控制或防止由昆虫对植物造成的损害。本发明的杀有害生物组合物在以施用率稀释时也意外地显示出良好的稳定性。
典型地,本发明的杀有害生物组合物包含:
(a)具有式(I)的化合物:
或其农用化学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、对映异构体、互变异构体或N-氧化物;
(b)水;
(c)表面活性剂系统,其包含:
至少一种具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物:
HO-(CH2CH2O)x-(CH(CH3)CH2O)y-(CH2CH2O)x’-H
其中
x和x’彼此相等或不同,是从70至120的整数,并且
y是从20至45的整数,并且
其中聚氧乙烯:聚氧丙烯链长比是从4:1至7:1;和
至少一种具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐:
其中
R1、R2和R3彼此相等或不同,独立地选自-CH2CH2-、-CH(CH3)CH2-和-CH2CH2CH2CH2-,
i、j和k彼此相等或不同,是0或从1至15的整数,条件是i、j和k中的至少一个不同于0,并且
X为钠或钾;
(d)至少一种黏土;和
(e)至少一种杂多糖。
典型地,本发明的杀有害生物组合物中的水是相对于组合物总重量的按重量计100%的补充物。
出人意料的是,还发现在本发明的杀有害生物组合物中使用至少一种黏土与至少一种杂多糖的组合,意外地进一步有助于防止沉淀物的形成,并且当沉积物形成时,使得其更容易重新均质化。
优选地,本发明的杀有害生物组合物包含:
(a)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计10%至75%的具有式(I)的化合物,或其农用化学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、对映异构体、互变异构体或N-氧化物;
(b)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计10%至65%的水;
(c)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计1%至25%的表面活性剂系统;
(d)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计0.1%至2%的至少一种黏土;和
(e)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计0.05%至1%的至少一种杂多糖。
更优选地,本发明的杀有害生物组合物包含:
(a)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计25%至60%的具有式(I)的化合物或其农用化学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、对映异构体、互变异构体或N-氧化物;
(b)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计25%至60%的水;
(c)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计2%至15%的表面活性剂系统;
(d)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计0.5%至1.5%的至少一种黏土;和
(e)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计0.05%至0.15%的至少一种杂多糖。
甚至更优选地,本发明的杀有害生物组合物包含:
(a)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计40%至60%的具有式(I)的化合物或其农用化学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、对映异构体、互变异构体或N-氧化物;
(b)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计30%至50%的水;
(c)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计4%至10%的表面活性剂系统;
(d)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计0.08%至1.2%的至少一种黏土;和
(e)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计0.06%至0.15%的至少一种杂多糖。
如本文所用,术语“链长比”意指氧乙烯单元(即-(CH2CH2O)x-和-(CH2CH2O)x’-)的总数与氧丙烯单元(即-(CH(CH3)CH2O)y-)的总数之间的比率,其中x、x’和y如上文所定义。
如本文所用,术语“聚氧乙烯”意指一个或多个含有氧乙烯单元的聚合物链。
如本文所用,术语“聚氧丙烯”意指一个或多个含有氧丙烯单元的聚合物链。
优选地,在具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物中x和x’彼此相等或不同,是从70至120的整数,并且
y是从20至45的整数,
其中聚氧乙烯:聚氧丙烯链长比是从4:1至6:1,优选地从5:1至6:1。
在本发明的实施例中,在具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物中
x和x’彼此相等,是从70至120的整数,并且
y是从20至45的整数,
其中聚氧乙烯:聚氧丙烯链长比是从4:1至6:1,优选地从5:1至6:1。
根据本发明的该实施例,具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物的优选实例选自由以下组成的组:
HO-(CH2CH2O)80-(CH(CH3)CH2O)30-(CH2CH2O)80-H;
HO-(CH2CH2O)97-(CH(CH3)CH2O)39-(CH2CH2O)97-H;和
HO-(CH2CH2O)118-(CH(CH3)CH2O)45-(CH2CH2O)118-H。
更优选地,在具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物中x和x’彼此相等或不同,是从70至120的整数,并且
y是从20至35的整数,
其中聚氧乙烯:聚氧丙烯链长比是从4:1至6:1,优选地从5:1至6:1。
甚至更优选地,在具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物中
x和x’彼此相等或不同,是从75至85的整数,并且
y是从25至35的整数,
其中聚氧乙烯:聚氧丙烯链长比是从5:1至6:1。
仍更优选地,在具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物中
x和x’彼此相等或不同,是从75至80的整数,并且
y是从25至30的整数,
其中聚氧乙烯:聚氧丙烯链长比是从5:1至6:1,优选地从5.1:1至5.5:1。
适合用于在本发明的杀有害生物组合物中使用的具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物的非限制性实例包括,例如,可商购的商标名为F68、F88和/>F98的表面活性剂。
优选地,在具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐中
当R1、R2和R3中的任一个为-CH2CH2时,i、j和k彼此相等或不同,是从1至12的整数,优选地从1至4的整数,更优选地从1至3的整数,或
当R1、R2和R3中的任一个为-CH(CH3)CH2时,i、j和k彼此相等或不同,是从1至6的整数,优选地从1至3的整数,更优选地从1至2的整数,或
当R1、R2和R3中的任一个为-CH2CH2CH2CH2-时,i、j和k彼此相等或不同,是从1至3的整数,优选地从1至2的整数,更优选地是1,
其中R1、R2和R3彼此相等或不同。
优选地,具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐中的X为钠。
优选地,具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐的磺化度为0.5至1.5摩尔/千克,优选地0.7至1.2摩尔/千克。
适合用于在本发明的杀有害生物组合物中使用的具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐的非限制性实例包括,例如,可商购的商标名为1425E的表面活性剂。
优选地,表面活性剂系统包含:
相对于表面活性剂系统的总重量,按重量计20%至45%的至少一种具有式(II)的聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物;和
相对于表面活性剂系统的总重量,按重量计55%至80%的至少一种具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐。
更优选地,表面活性剂系统包含:
相对于表面活性剂系统的总重量,按重量计30%至40%的至少一种具有式(II)的聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物;和
相对于表面活性剂系统的总重量,按重量计60%至70%的至少一种具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐。
甚至更优选地,表面活性剂系统包含:
相对于表面活性剂系统的总重量,按重量计35%至40%的至少一种具有式(II)的聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物;和
相对于表面活性剂系统的总重量,按重量计60%至65%的至少一种具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐。
优选地,黏土选自蒙皂石黏土矿物,例如含水硅酸铝矿物,其包含蒙脱石、皂石、贝得石、绿脱石、锂蒙脱石和硅镁石中的任一种。
更优选地,黏土是具有式(Na,Ca)0.33(Al1.67Mg0.33)Si4O10(OH)2.nH2O的双八面体蒙皂石。
适合用于在本发明的杀有害生物组合物中使用的黏土的非限制性实例包括,例如,可商购的商标名为325的蒙皂石黏土矿物。
优选地,杂多糖选自由以下组成的组:果胶、罗望子胶、瓜尔胶、槐豆(角豆籽)胶、魔芋胶、黄原胶、藻酸盐和琼脂。
更优选地,杂多糖为黄原胶。
优选地,本发明的杀有害生物组合物中的至少一种黏土与至少一种杂多糖的重量比是从8:1至15:1,优选地从9:1至13:1,更优选地从9:1至12:1,甚至更优选地从9:1至10:1。
根据本发明的优选杀有害生物组合物是用于种子处理的可流动浓缩物,其包含:
(a)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计40%至60%的具有式(I)的化合物或其农用化学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、对映异构体、互变异构体或N-氧化物;
(b)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计30%至50%的水;
(c)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计4%至10%的表面活性剂系统,其包含:
相对于表面活性剂系统的总重量,按重量计35%至40%的至少一种具有式(II)的聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物:
HO-(CH2CH2O)x-(CH(CH3)CH2O)y-(CH2CH2O)x’-H
其中
x和x’彼此相等或不同,是从75至80的整数,并且
y是从25至30的整数,并且
其中聚氧乙烯:聚氧丙烯链长比是从5:1至6:1,更优选地从5.1:1至5.5:1;和
相对于表面活性剂系统的总重量,按重量计60%至65%的至少一种具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐:
其中
R1、R2和R3彼此相等或不同,独立地选自-CH2CH2-、-CH(CH3)CH2-和-CH2CH2CH2CH2-,
i、j和k彼此相等或不同,是0或从1至15的整数,条件是i、j和k中的至少一个不同于0,并且
X为钠;
(d)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计0.08%至1.2%的至少一种黏土;和
(e)相对于组合物的总重量,按重量计0.06%至0.15%的至少一种杂多糖;
其中,本发明组合物中的至少一种黏土与至少一种杂多糖的重量比是从8:1至15:1,优选地从9:1至13:1,更优选地从9:1至12:1,甚至更优选地从9:1至10:1。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了一种控制昆虫、螨、线虫或软体动物的方法,该方法包括将根据本发明的杀有害生物组合物施用到有害生物、有害生物场所(优选植物)、易受有害生物攻击的植物或其植物繁殖材料(如种子)。根据本发明的这个特定方面,该方法可以不包括通过手术或疗法来治疗人体或动物体的方法。
根据本发明的第三方面,提供了根据本发明的杀有害生物组合物作为杀昆虫剂、杀螨剂、杀线虫剂或杀软体动物剂的用途。根据本发明的这个特定方面,该用途可以不包括通过手术或疗法来治疗人体或动物体的方法。
当在动物体内或体表的寄生虫的上下文中使用时,术语“控制”是指减少有害生物或寄生虫的数量,消除有害生物或寄生虫和/或防止进一步的有害生物或寄生虫侵染。
在具有式(I)的化合物中一个或多个可能的不对称碳原子的存在意指该化合物能以手性异构体形式存在,即对映异构体或非对映异构体的形式。作为围绕单键的受限旋转的结果,还可能存在阻转异构体。式(I)旨在包括所有那些可能的异构体形式及其混合物。本发明包括具有式(I)的化合物的所有那些可能的异构体形式及其混合物。同样地,式(I)旨在包括所有可能存在的互变异构体。本发明包括具有式(I)的化合物的所有可能的互变异构体形式。
在每种情况下,具有式(I)的化合物是呈游离形式、氧化形式(作为N-氧化物)、共价水合形式、或盐形式(例如,农艺学上可用的或农用化学上可接受的盐形式)。N-氧化物是叔胺的氧化形式或含氮杂芳香族化合物的氧化形式。例如,A.Albini和S.Pietra于1991年在博卡拉顿(Boca Raton)CRC出版社出版的名为“Heterocyclic N-oxides[杂环N-氧化物]”一书中描述了它们。根据本发明的具有式(I)的化合物还包括在盐形成期间可以形成的水合物。
具有式(I)的化合物或是可商购的,通过已知程序制备,或使用已知的化学方法以其他方式获得。
根据本发明的具有式(I)的化合物可以经由例如WO 01/00623、WO 02/34734和US2003/0232821中描述的方法制备。
具有式(I)的化合物的盐可以以本身已知的方式来制备。因此,例如,具有式(I)的化合物的酸加成盐是通过用合适的酸或合适的离子交换试剂进行处理来获得的,并且与碱的盐是通过用合适的碱或用合适的离子交换试剂进行处理来获得的。
具有式(I)的化合物的盐可以以常规方式转化为游离的化合物(I)、酸加成盐(例如通过用适合的碱性化合物或用适合的离子交换剂试剂进行处理)以及与碱的盐(例如通过用适合的酸或用适合的离子交换剂试剂进行处理)。
具有式(I)的化合物的盐能够以本身已知的方式转化为具有式(I)的化合物的其他盐、酸加成盐,例如转化成其他酸加成盐,例如通过在合适的溶剂中用酸的合适的金属盐(如钠、钡或银的盐,例如用乙酸银)来处理无机酸的盐(如盐酸盐),在该溶剂中,所形成的无机盐(例如氯化银)是不溶的并且因此从反应混合物中沉淀出。
取决于程序或反应条件,具有成盐特性的具有式(I)的化合物可以以游离形式或盐的形式获得。
具有式(I)的化合物和适当时其互变异构体(在每种情况下以游离形式或以盐形式)能够以可能的异构体之一的形式或以这些异构体的混合物的形式,例如以纯异构体(如对映体和/或非对映异构体)形式或以异构体混合物(如对映异构体混合物,例如外消旋体;非对映异构体混合物或外消旋体混合物)形式存在,取决于分子中存在的不对称碳原子的数目、绝对和相对构型和/或取决于分子中存在的非芳香族双键的构型;本发明涉及纯异构体以及还有可能的所有异构体混合物,并且在上下文的每种情况下,甚至在没有具体提及立体化学细节的每种情况下,都应该从这层意义上来理解。
呈游离形式或呈盐形式的具有式(I)的化合物的非对映异构体混合物或外消旋体混合物(它们可以取决于已选定的起始材料和程序而获得)可以在这些组分的物理化学差异的基础上,例如通过分步结晶、蒸馏和/或色谱法以已知的方式分离成纯的非对映异构体或外消旋体。
能够以类似方式获得的对映异构体混合物(如外消旋体)可以通过已知方法拆分成光学对映异构体,例如通过从光学活性溶剂重结晶;通过在手性吸附剂上的色谱法,例如在乙酰纤维素上的高效液相色谱法(HPLC);借助于合适的微生物,通过用特异性固定化酶裂解;经由形成包含化合物,例如使用手性冠醚,其中仅一个对映异构体被络合;或通过转化成非对映异构体的盐,例如通过使碱性最终产物外消旋体与光学活性酸(如羧酸,例如樟脑酸、酒石酸或苹果酸,或磺酸,例如樟脑磺酸)反应,并且分离能够以此方式获得的非对映异构体混合物,例如基于其不同溶解度通过分级结晶,从而得到非对映异构体,可以通过合适的试剂(例如碱性试剂)的作用使所希望的对映异构体从这些非对映异构体变得游离。
纯的非对映异构体或对映异构体能根据本发明来获得,不仅是通过分离适合的异构体混合物,还可以是通过普遍已知的非对映立体选择性或对映选择性合成的方法,例如通过根据本发明用具有适合的立体化学的起始材料进行该方法。
如果单个组分具有不同的生物活性,有利的是在每一情况下分离或合成生物学上更有效的异构体,例如对映异构体或非对映异构体或异构体混合物,例如对映异构体混合物或非对映异构体混合物。
如果适当的话,具有式(I)的化合物和适当时其互变异构体(在每种情况下呈游离形式或呈盐形式)还可以以水合物的形式获得和/或包括其他溶剂,例如可以用于使以固体形式存在的化合物结晶的那些。
具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物或是可商购的,通过已知程序制备,或使用已知的化学方法以其他方式获得。
具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐或是可商购的,通过已知程序制备,或使用已知的化学方法以其他方式获得。例如,烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐可通过使用已知的环氧烷试剂如环氧乙烷对木质素磺酸盐进行烷氧基化来获得。特别地,所期望的具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐是选自由以下组成的组的那些:乙氧基化木质素磺酸盐、丙氧基化木质素磺酸盐和丁氧基化木质素磺酸盐。其它可用的具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐是那些由例如混合烷氧基化产生的化合物,其中引入的环氧烷单元例如在环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷之间变化或交替。
可用于制备具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐的木质素磺酸盐或是可商购的,通过已知程序制备,或使用已知的化学方法以其他方式获得。
用于制备具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐的木质素磺酸盐是本领域公知的,并且例如衍生自木材的亚硫酸盐法制浆和通过衍生自木材的硫酸盐法(kraft)制浆的木质素的磺化。所使用的硫酸盐木质素材料典型地呈盐形式(即钠、钾等)。通常,木质素磺酸盐可通过对来自木材转化的亚硫酸盐废液进行磺化来获得。优选使用纯化的木质素磺酸盐材料,其中糖和其它多糖成分已被部分或完全消除。
所谓“硫酸盐木质素”意指典型地从例如在硫酸盐、苏打和其他众所周知的碱法制浆操作中产生的碱法制浆黑液中回收的材料。
通常,具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐具有特定的磺化度。磺化度是材料中存在的有机结合的硫量的函数,并且可以通过技术人员已知的任何合适的方法确定。例如,可以通过计算总硫含量减去起始材料中存在的硫量与游离亚硫酸盐和硫酸盐中存在的硫量的总和来确定磺化。游离亚硫酸盐、游离硫酸盐和总硫的量可通过技术人员已知的任何方法确定。
具有式(I)的化合物在有害生物控制领域中是有预防和/或治疗价值的活性成分,即使是在低的施用量下,它们具有非常有利的杀生物谱并且可以是温血物种、鱼以及植物良好耐受的。具有式(I)的化合物可以具有针对非目标物种(如蜜蜂)的有益的安全性,并且因此具有良好的毒性特征曲线。具有式(I)的化合物可以作用于正常敏感的以及还有抗性的有害生物(如昆虫或蜱螨目的代表)的所有的或仅个别的发育阶段。具有式(I)的化合物的杀昆虫或杀螨活性可以本身直接显现出来,即,立即或仅在过去一些时间之后(例如在蜕皮期间)发生对有害生物的破坏;或间接显现出来,例如降低产卵和/或孵化率。
上述有害生物的实例是:
来自蜱螨目,例如,
下毛瘿螨属物种(Acalitus spp.)、针刺瘿螨属物种(Aculus spp)、窄瘿螨属物种(Acaricalus spp.)、瘤瘿螨属物种(Aceria spp.)、粗脚粉螨(Acarus siro)、钝眼蜱属物种(Amblyomma spp.)、锐缘蜱属物种(Argas spp.)、牛蜱属物种(Boophilus spp.)、短须螨属物种(Brevipalpus spp.)、苔螨属物种(Bryobia spp)、上三脊瘿螨属物种(Calipitrimerus spp.)、皮螨属物种(Chorioptes spp.)、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssusgallinae)、表皮螨属物种(Dermatophagoides spp)、始叶螨属物种(Eotetranychus spp)、瘿螨属物种(Eriophyes spp.)、半跗线螨属物种(Hemitarsonemus spp)、璃眼蜱属物种(Hyalomma spp.)、硬蜱属物种(Ixodes spp.)、小爪螨属物种(Olygonychus spp)、钝缘蜱属物种(Ornithodoros spp.)、侧多食跗线螨(Polyphagotarsone latus)、全爪螨属物种(Panonychus spp.)、桔芸锈螨(Phyllocoptruta oleivora)、植食螨属物种(Phytonemusspp.)、多食跗线螨属物种(Polyphagotarsonemus spp)、痒螨属物种(Psoroptes spp.)、扇头蜱属物种(Rhipicephalus spp.)、根螨属物种(Rhizoglyphus spp.)、疥螨属物种(Sarcoptes spp.)、狭跗线螨属物种(Steneotarsonemus spp)、跗线螨属物种(Tarsonemusspp.)以及叶螨属物种(Tetranychus spp.);
来自虱目,例如,
血虱属物种(Haematopinus spp.)、长颚虱属物种(Linognathus spp.)、人虱属物种(Pediculus spp.)、瘿绵蚜属物种(Pemphigus spp.)以及根瘤蚜属物种(Phylloxeraspp.);
来自鞘翅目,例如,
叩甲属物种(Agriotes spp.)、欧洲鳃角金龟(Amphimallon majale)、东方异丽金龟(Anomala orientalis)、花象属物种(Anthonomus spp.)、蜉金龟属物种(Aphodiusspp)、玉米拟花萤(Astylus atromaculatus)、金龟属物种(Ataenius spp)、甜菜隐食甲(Atomaria linearis)、甜菜胫跳甲(Chaetocnema tibialis)、萤叶甲属物种(Cerotomaspp)、宽胸叩头虫属物种(Conoderus spp)、根颈象属物种(Cosmopolites spp.)、绿花金龟(Cotinis nitida)、象虫属物种(Curculio spp.)、圆头犀金龟属物种(Cyclocephalaspp)、皮蠹属物种(Dermestes spp.)、根萤叶甲属物种(Diabrotica spp.)、阿根廷兜虫(Diloboderus abderus)、食植瓢虫属物种(Epilachna spp.)、Eremnus属物种、黑异爪蔗金龟(Heteronychus arator)、咖啡果小蠹(Hypothenemus hampei)、Lagria vilosa、马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsa decemLineata)、稻水象属物种(Lissorhoptrus spp.)、Liogenys属物种、Maecolaspis属物种、栗色绒金龟(Maladera castanea)、美洲叶甲属物种(Megascelisspp)、油菜花露尾甲(Melighetes aeneus)、鳃金龟属物种(Melolontha spp.)、Myochrousarmatus、锯谷盗属物种(Orycaephilus spp.)、耳喙象属物种(Otiorhynchus spp.)、鳃角金龟属物种(Phyllophaga spp.)、斑象属物种(Phlyctinus spp.)、弧丽金龟属物种(Popillia spp.)、蚤跳甲属物种(Psylliodes spp.)、Rhyssomatus aubtilis、劫根蠹属物种(Rhizopertha spp.)、金龟子科(Scarabeidae)、米象属物种(Sitophilus spp.)、麦蛾属物种(Sitotroga spp.)、伪切根虫属物种(Somaticus spp.)、尖隐喙象属物种、大豆茎象(Sternechus subsignatus)、拟步行虫属物种(Tenebrio spp.)、拟谷盗属物种(Triboliumspp.)以及斑皮蠹属物种(Trogoderma spp.);
来自双翅目,例如,
伊蚊属物种(Aedes spp.)、疟蚊属物种(Anopheles spp)、高粱芒蚊(Antherigonasoccata.)、橄榄果实蝇(Bactrocea oleae)、花园毛蚊(Bibio hortulanus)、迟眼蕈蚊属物种(Bradysia spp.)、红头丽蝇(Calliphora erythrocephala)、小条实蝇属物种(Ceratitis spp.)、金蝇属物种(Chrysomyia spp.)、库蚊属物种(Culex spp.)、黄蝇属物种(Cuterebra spp.)、寡鬃实蝇属物种(Dacus spp.)、地种蝇属物种(Delia spp)、黑腹果蝇(Drosophilamelanogaster)、厕蝇属物种(Fannia spp.)、胃蝇属物种(Gastrophilusspp.)、Geomyza tripunctata、舌蝇属物种(Glossina spp.)、皮蝇属物种(Hypodermaspp.)、虱蝇属物种(Hyppobosca spp.)、斑潜蝇属物种(Liriomyza spp.)、绿蝇属物种(Lucilia spp.)、黑潜蝇属物种(Melanagromyza spp.)、家蝇属物种(Musca spp.)、狂蝇属物种(Oestrus spp.)、瘿蚊属物种(Orseolia spp.)、瑞典麦秆蝇(Oscinella frit)、藜泉蝇(Pegomyia hyoscyami)、草种蝇属物种(Phorbia spp.)、绕实蝇属物种(Rhagoletisspp)、Rivelia quadrifasciata、Scatella属物种、尖眼蕈蚊属物种(Sciara spp.)、螫蝇属物种(Stomoxys spp.)、虻属物种(Tabanus spp.)、绦虫属物种(Tannia spp.)以及大蚊属物种(Tipula spp.);
来自半翅目,例如,
瘤缘蝽(Acanthocoris scabrator)、拟缘蝽属物种(Acrosternum spp.)、苜蓿盲蝽(Adelphocoris lineolatus)、土黄缘蝽、海虾盾缘蝽(Bathycoelia thalassina)、土长蝽属物种、臭虫属物种、Clavigralla tomentosicollis、盲蝽属物种(Creontiades spp.)、可可瘤盲蝽、Dichelops furcatus、棉红蝽属物种、埃德萨属物种(Edessa spp)、美洲蝽属物种(Euchistus spp.)、六斑菜蝽(Eurydema pulchrum)、扁盾蝽属物种、Euschistus spp.(stinkbugs)、茶翅蝽、具凹巨股长蝽(Horcias nobilellus)、稻缘蝽属物种、草盲蝽属物种、硕蚧属物种(Margarodes spp.)、卷心菜斑色蝽(Murgantia histrionic)、新长缘蝽属物种、烟盲蝽(Nesidiocoris tenuis)、绿蝽属物种、拟长蝽(Nysius simulans)、海岛蝽象、皮蝽属物种、壁蝽属物种、红猎蝽属物种、可可褐盲蝽、栗土蝽(Scaptocoris castanea)、黑蝽属物种(Scotinophara spp.)、Thyanta spp、锥鼻虫属物种、木薯网蝽(Vatigailludens)、豌豆无网长管蚜(Acyrthosium pisum)、Adalges属物种、Agalliana ensigera、塔尔吉隆脉木虱、粉虱属物种(Aleurodicus spp.)、刺粉虱属物种(Aleurocanthus spp.)、甘蔗穴粉虱、软毛粉虱(Aleurothrixus floccosus)、甘蓝粉虱(Aleyrodes brassicae)、棉叶蝉(Amarasca biguttula)、檬果长突叶蝉、肾圆盾蚧属物种、蚜科、蚜属物种、圆盾蚧属物种(Aspidiotus spp.)、茄沟无网蚜、马铃薯/番茄木虱(Bactericera cockerelli)、小粉虱属物种、短尾蚜属物种(Brachycaudus spp.)、甘蓝蚜、喀木虱属物种、双尾蚜(Cavariellaaegopodii Scop.)、蜡蚧属物种、黑褐圆盾蚧、橙褐圆盾蚧、大叶蝉属物种、大白叶蝉(Cofana spectra)、隐瘤蚜属物种、叶蝉属物种、褐软蚧、玉米黄翅叶蝉、裸粉虱属物种、柑橘木虱、麦双尾蚜、西圆尾蚜属物种、小绿叶蝉属物种、苹果绵蚜、葡萄斑叶蝉属物种、Gascardia属物种、赤桉木虱(Glycaspis brimblecombei)、菜缢管蚜(Hyadaphispseudobrassicae)、大尾蚜属物种(Hyalopterus spp.)、超瘤蚜种(Hyperomyzuspallidus)、檬果绿叶蝉(Idioscopus clypealis)、非洲叶蝉、灰飞虱属物种、水土坚蚧、蛎盾蚧属物种、萝卜蚜(Lopaphis erysimi)、莱格尼斯迈迪斯(Lyogenys maidis)、长管蚜属物种、沫蝉属物种、蛾蜡蝉科(Metcalfa pruinosa)、麦无网蚜、麦蜡蝉、瘤蚜属物种、新声蚜属物种(Neotoxoptera sp)、黑尾叶蝉属物种、褐飞虱属物种(Nilaparvata spp.)、梨大绿蚜、狗牙根草芥壳虫(Odonaspis ruthae)、甘蔗棉蚜、杨梅缘粉虱、考氏木虱、片盾蚧属物种、瘿绵蚜属物种、玉米蜡蝉、扁角飞虱属物种、忽布疣蚜、根瘤蚜属物种(Phylloxeraspp)、动性球菌属物种、桑白盾蚧属物种、粉蚧属物种、棉跳盲蝽(Pseudatomoscelisseriatus)、木虱属物种、棉蚧(Pulvinaria aethiopica)、齿盾蚧属物种、奎萨达吉斯(Quesada gigas)、电光叶蝉(Recilia dorsalis)、缢管蚜属物种、黑盔蚧属物种、带叶蝉属物种、二叉蚜属物种、麦蚜属物种(Sitobion spp.)、白背飞虱、三角苜蓿跳虫(Spissistilus festinus)、条斑飞虱(Tarophagus Proserpina)、声蚜属物种、粉虱属物种、三迪克司博宝力(Tridiscus sporoboli)、葵粉蚧属物种(Trionymus spp.)、非洲木虱、矢尖蚧、火焰斑叶蝉、塞格达斯科瑞(Zyginidia scutellaris);
来自膜翅目,例如,
顶切叶蚁属(Acromyrmex)、三节叶蜂属物种(Arge spp.)、切叶蚁属物种(Attaspp.)、茎叶蜂属物种(Cephus spp.)、松叶蜂属物种(Diprion spp.)、锯角叶蜂科(Diprionidae)、松叶蜂(Gilpinia polytoma)、实叶蜂属物种(Hoplocampa spp.)、毛蚁属物种(Lasius spp.)、小黄家蚁(Monomorium pharaonis)、新松叶蜂属物种(Neodiprionspp.)、农蚁属物种(Pogonomyrmex spp)、红火蚁、水蚁属物种(Solenopsis spp.)以及胡蜂属物种(Vespa spp.);
来自等翅目,例如,
家白蚁属物种(Coptotermes spp)、白蚁(Corniternes cumulans)、楹白蚁属物种(Incisitermes spp)、大白蚁属物种(Macrotermes spp)、澳白蚁属物种(Mastotermesspp)、小白蚁属物种(Microtermes spp)、散白蚁属物种(Reticulitermes spp.)、热带火蚁(Solenopsis geminate)
来自鳞翅目(Lepidoptera),例如,
长翅卷蛾属物种、褐带卷蛾属物种、透翅蛾属物种、地夜蛾属物种、棉叶虫、Amylois属物种、黎豆夜蛾、黄卷蛾属物种、银蛾属物种(Argyresthia spp.)、带卷蛾属物种、丫纹夜蛾属物种、棉潜蛾、玉米楷夜蛾、粉斑螟蛾、桃蛀果蛾、禾草螟属物种、色卷蛾属物种、越蔓桔草螟(Chrysoteuchia topiaria)、葡萄果蠹蛾、卷叶螟属物种、云卷蛾属物种、纹卷蛾属物种、鞘蛾属物种、篱笆豆粉蝶(Colias lesbia)、小造桥夜蛾(Cosmophila flava)、草螟属物种、大菜螟、苹果异形小卷蛾、黄杨木蛾、小卷蛾属物种、黄杨绢野螟、杆草螟属物种、苏丹棉铃虫、钻夜蛾属物种、甘薯杆螟、粉斑螟属物种、叶小卷蛾属物种(Epinotiaspp.)、盐泽灯蛾(Estigmene acrea)、Etiella zinckinella、花小卷蛾属物种、环针单纹卷蛾、黄毒蛾属物种、切根虫属物种、Feltia jaculiferia、小食心虫属物种(Grapholitaspp.)、云雾广翅小卷蛾、实夜蛾属物种、菜螟、切叶野螟属物种(Herpetogramma spp.)、美国白蛾、番茄蠹蛾、Lasmopalpus lignosellus、旋纹潜叶蛾、潜叶细蛾属物种、葡萄花翅小卷蛾、Loxostege bifidalis、毒蛾属物种、潜蛾属物种、幕枯叶蛾属物种(Malacosomaspp.)、甘蓝夜蛾、烟草天蛾、光腹夜蛾属物种(Mythimna spp.)、夜蛾属物种、秋尺蛾属物种、Orniodes indica、欧洲玉米螟、超小卷蛾属物种、褐卷蛾属物种、小眼夜蛾、蛀茎夜蛾、红铃麦蛾、咖啡潜叶蛾、一星黏虫、马铃薯麦蛾、菜粉蝶、粉蝶属物种、小菜蛾、小白巢蛾属物种、尺叶蛾属物种、薄荷灰夜蛾(Rachiplusia nu)、西方豆地香(Richia albicosta)、白禾螟属物种(Scirpophaga spp.)、蛀茎夜蛾属物种、长须卷蛾属物种、灰翅夜蛾属物种、棉大卷叶螟、兴透翅蛾属物种、异舟蛾属物种、卷蛾属物种、粉纹夜蛾、番茄斑潜蝇、以及巢蛾属物种;
来自食毛目(Mallophaga),例如,
畜虱属物种(Damalinea spp.)和啮毛虱属物种(Trichodectes spp.);
来自直翅目(Orthoptera),例如,
蠊属物种(Blatta spp.)、小蠊属物种(Blattella spp.)、蝼蛄属物种(Gryllotalpa spp.)、马德拉蜚蠊(Leucophaea maderae)、飞蝗属物种(Locusta spp.)、北痣蟋蟀(Neocurtilla hexadactyla)、大蠊属物种(Periplaneta spp.)、痣蟋蟀属物种(Scapteriscus spp.)、以及沙漠蝗属物种(Schistocerca spp.);
来自啮虫目(Psocoptera),例如,
虱啮属物种(Liposcelis spp.),
来自蚤目(Siphonaptera),例如,
角叶蚤属物种(Ceratophyllus spp.)、栉头蚤属物种(Ctenocephalides spp.)以及开皇客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis),
来自缨翅目(Thysanoptera),例如,
Calliothrips phaseoli、花蓟马属物种(Frankliniella spp.)、阳蓟马属物种(Heliothrips spp)、褐带蓟马属物种(Hercinothrips spp.)、单亲蓟马属物种(Parthenothrips spp.)、非洲桔硬蓟马(Scirtothrips aurantii)、大豆蓟马(Sericothrips variabilis)、带蓟马属物种(Taeniothrips spp.)、蓟马属物种(Thripsspp);
来自缨尾目(Thysanura),例如,衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina)。
根据本发明的杀有害生物组合物可用于控制、即遏制或破坏上述类型的有害生物,这些有害生物特别出现在植物上,尤其是在农业中、在园艺中以及在林业中的有用的植物和观赏植物上,或者在这些植物的器官上,如果实、花、叶、茎、块茎或根,并且在一些情况下,甚至在一个随后的时间点形成的植物器官仍保持受保护以抵抗这些有害生物。
根据本发明,“有用植物”通常包括以下多年生或一年生植物:
谷物,如谷类(例如大麦、玉蜀黍(玉米)、粟、燕麦、水稻、黑麦、高粱、小黑麦、tritordeum和小麦)、苋菜、荞麦、奇亚(chia)、藜麦和灿尼花(canihua);
水果和树坚果,如葡萄藤(鲜食葡萄和酿酒葡萄)、扁桃、苹果、杏、鳄梨、香蕉、黑莓、蓝莓、面包果、可可、腰果、番荔枝、樱桃、栗子(对于坚果)、花楸果、柑橘(包括葡萄柚、酸橙、柠檬、橙、柑桔柠檬)、椰子、咖啡豆、蔓越莓、穗醋栗、枣、斐济果(feijoa fruit)、无花果、榛子(filbert/hazelnut)、醋栗、番石榴、猕猴桃、荔枝、澳洲胡桃、芒果、油桃、橄榄、番木瓜、百香果、桃、梨、山核桃、柿子、菠萝、开心果、李子(包括西梅)、石榴、榅桲、树莓、草莓、苏利南樱桃和胡桃;
蔬菜,如洋蓟、芦笋、豆(食荚菜豆、嫩菜豆、干菜豆、可食用豆)、甜菜(食用甜菜)、青花菜/束球花甘蓝(broccoli raab)、抱子甘蓝、卷心菜(包括大白菜)、胡萝卜、花椰菜、根芹菜、芹菜、鹰嘴豆、细香葱、羽衣甘蓝(collard)(包括无头甘蓝(kale))、黄瓜、毛豆、茄子、苦苣、豌豆(菜豌豆、干豌豆、可食用豌豆)、大蒜、辣根、苤蓝、韭葱、扁豆、莴苣、甜瓜、蘑菇(栽培蕈)、芥菜和其他绿叶蔬菜、秋葵、洋葱、欧芹、欧洲萝卜、胡椒、甜椒、马铃薯、仙人掌果、南瓜、萝卜、大黄、芜菁甘蓝、婆罗门参、菠菜、倭瓜(西葫芦和笋瓜)、甜玉米、甘薯、叶甜菜、芋头、番茄/绿番茄、芜菁和西瓜;
大田作物,如糖用甜菜、甘蔗、烟草、花生、大豆;
油料作物,如油菜(卡诺拉油菜)、芥菜、荠蓝、海甘蓝、向日葵、罂粟、芝麻和红花;
饲料作物,例如苜蓿、三叶草、豇豆、巢菜、红豆草、羽扇豆、饲用甜菜、黑麦草、草地早熟禾、牛毛草、果园草;纤维作物,如棉花、亚麻、大麻、黄麻和剑麻;
森林植物,包括针叶树种(例如落叶松、冷杉或松树)、温带和热带硬木树(例如橡树、桦树、山毛榉、柚木或桃花心木)和在干旱带的树种(例如桉树);
园艺作物,如啤酒花、枫树(枫糖浆)、茶、天然橡胶植物和草坪草(例如翦股颖、草地早熟禾、黑麦草、牛毛草、狗牙根、百足草、顶饰发草(crested hairgrass)、克育草、圣奥古斯丁草(st.augustinegrass)、结缕草、马蹄金属(dichondra)、猫尾草、丛生毛草);
花卉园艺、温室和苗圃植物,包括花卉、阔叶树或常青树,例如秋海棠、大丽花、天竺葵、凤仙花属(impatiens)、矮牵牛、锦紫苏、万寿菊、三色堇、金鱼草、非洲堇、杜鹃花、花店菊花、球根花卉、绣球花、百合、兰花、一品红、玫瑰、落新妇、金鸡菊、飞燕草、石竹属(dianthus)、矾根属(heuchera)、玉簪、竹桃、金光菊、鼠尾草、长春花、耧斗菜、黄花菜、花园菊花、常春藤、观赏草、牡丹、飞燕草、唐菖蒲、鸢尾、金鱼草、郁金香、桉树、海桐、蕨、红掌、黛粉叶、龙血树、榕树、蔓绿绒、白鹤芋(spathipyllum)、凤梨、仙人掌、棕榈、香脂冷杉、蓝叶云杉、花旗松、弗雷泽冷杉、红冷杉、苏格兰松树、白松、木兰、白蜡树、榆树、樱花树、榆叶梅、山楂、紫荆和唐棣;
繁殖材料,如裸根分株(bare-root division)、插条、衬垫(liner)、穴盘苗、种子、组培苗和预制植物;
煮食草药和香辛料,例如多香果、当归属物种(Angelica spp.)、八角、胭脂树红、芝麻菜、阿魏胶、罗勒(所有类型)、月桂(栽培种)、墨角藻(海藻)、玻利维亚香菜、琉璃苣、金盏花(草药用途)、石栗、刺山柑、香菜、小豆蔻、桂皮香料、桂皮、香紫苏、丁香、猫薄荷、甘菊、山萝卜、菊苣、没药植物、芫荽叶、聚合草、芫荽、水芹、孜然、咖喱、莳萝、茴香、胡芦巴、filé(栽培种)、凹唇姜(fingerroot)、高良姜、姜、蛇麻子、苦薄荷、牛膝草、薰衣草、香蜂叶、柠檬百里香、拉维纪草、肉豆蔻(mace)、马哈利(mahlab)、三条筋树叶(malabathrum)、马郁兰、薄荷(所有类型)、艾蒿、肉豆蔻(nutmeg)、牛至、鸢尾根、辣椒粉、欧芹、胡椒、迷迭香、芸香、西红花、鼠尾草(所有类型)、香薄荷(所有类型)、掌叶大黄、龙蒿、百里香、姜黄、香草、山葵和豆瓣菜;和
药草,例如海芋植物、蒿属物种(Artemisia spp.)、黄芪(astralagus)、波耳多叶、聚合草、金花菊、胡芦巴、野甘菊、毛地黄、银杏、人参、山羊豆、白毛茛、欧地笋、苦薄荷、马尾草、薰衣草、甘草、药用蜀葵、毛蕊花属(mullein)、荨麻、西番莲、广藿香、普列薄荷、美洲商陆、并头草、掌叶大黄、圣约翰草、番泻树、苦菜、甜菊属(stevia)、艾菊、金缕梅、水苏、艾草、蓍草、加州小薄荷(yerba buena)和依兰。
该列表不代表任何限制,然而,优选地,可用的植物可以选自由以下组成的组:谷类(如大麦、玉米、水稻、黑麦、高粱、燕麦、小麦)、蔬菜(如豆类、黄瓜、茄子、莴苣、甜瓜、南瓜、菠菜、甜椒、西瓜)、大田作物(如甜菜、花生)、油料作物(如向日葵、卡诺拉油菜)、饲料作物(如苜蓿)和纤维作物(如棉花)。
根据本发明的杀有害生物组合物可尤其适用于控制谷类(如大麦、玉米、水稻、黑麦、高粱、燕麦、小麦)、蔬菜(如豆类、黄瓜、茄子、莴苣、甜瓜、南瓜、菠菜、甜椒、西瓜)、大田作物(如甜菜、花生)、油料作物(如向日葵、卡诺拉油菜)、饲料作物(如苜蓿)和纤维作物(如棉花)上的有害生物,这些有害生物包括栖息在土壤中的、早期取食和吮吸叶子的昆虫,例如金针虫、蚜虫、蓟马、取食叶子和茎的鞘翅目物种(如隐食甲属(Atomaria)物种和跳甲)以及一些鳞翅目物种(如Alabama属物种)。
根据本发明的这些活性成分另外尤其适合于控制甘蓝夜蛾(优选地在蔬菜上)、苹果蠹蛾(优选地在苹果上)、小绿叶蝉(优选地在蔬菜、葡萄园里)、马铃薯叶甲(Leptinotarsa)(优选地在马铃薯上)以及二化螟(优选地在水稻上)。
在另一个方面,本发明还可以涉及控制由植物寄生的线虫(内寄生的-、半内寄生的-以及外寄生的线虫)对植物或其部分引起损害的方法,尤其是以下植物寄生的线虫,如根结线虫(root knot nematodes)、北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)、南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)、花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne arenaria)以及其他根结线虫属种类(Meloidogyne species);孢囊形成线虫(cyst-forming nematodes)、马铃薯金线虫(Globodera rostochiensis)以及其他球孢囊线虫属种类(Globodera species);禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)、大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)、甜菜胞囊线虫(Heterodera schachtii)、红三叶异皮线虫(Heterodera trifolii)、以及其他异皮线虫属种类(Heterodera species);种瘿线虫(Seed gall nematodes)、粒线虫属种类(Anguina species);茎及叶面线虫(Stem andfoliar nematodes)、滑刃线虫属种类(Aphelenchoides species);刺毛线虫(Stingnematodes)、长尾刺线虫(Belonolaimus longicaudatus)以及其他刺线虫属种类;松树线虫(Pine nematodes)、松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)以及其他伞滑刃属种类(Bursaphelenchus species);环形线虫(Ring nematodes)、环线虫属种类(Criconemaspecies)、小环线虫属种类(Criconemella species)、轮线虫属种类(Criconemoidesspecies)、中环线虫属种类(Mesocriconema species);茎及鳞球茎线虫(Stem and bulbnematodes)、腐烂茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)、鳞球茎茎线虫(Ditylenchusdipsaci)以及其他茎线虫属种类(Ditylenchus species);锥线虫(Awl nematodes)、锥线虫属种类(Dolichodorus species);螺旋线虫(Spiral nematodes)、多头螺旋线虫(Heliocotylenchus multicinctus)以及其他螺旋线虫属种类(Helicotylenchusspecies);鞘及鞘形线虫(Sheath and sheathoid nematodes)、鞘线虫属种类(Hemicycliophora species)以及半轮线虫属种类(Hemicriconemoides species);潜根线虫属种类(Hirshmanniella species);支线虫(Lance nematodes)、冠线虫属种类(Hoploaimus species);假根结线虫(false rootknot nematodes)、珍珠线虫属种类(Nacobbus species);针状线虫(Needle nematodes)、横带长针线虫(Longidoruselongatus)以及其他长针线虫属种类(Longidorus species);大头针线虫(Pinnematodes)、短体线虫属种类(Pratylenchus species);腐线虫(Lesion nematodes)、花斑短体线虫(Pratylenchus neglectus)、穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)、弯曲短体线虫(Pratylenchus curvitatus)、古氏短体线虫(Pratylenchus goodeyi)以及其他短体线虫属种类(Pratylenchus species);柑桔穿孔线虫(Burrowing nematodes)、香蕉穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)以及其他内侵线虫属种类(Radopholus species);肾形线虫(Reniform nematodes)、罗柏氏盘旋线虫(Rotylenchus robustus)、肾形盘旋线虫(Rotylenchus reniformis)以及其他盘旋线虫属种类(Rotylenchus species);盾线虫属种类(Scutellonema species);短粗根线虫(Stubby root nematodes)、原始毛刺线虫(Trichodorus primitivus)以及其他毛刺线虫属种类(Trichodorus species)、拟毛刺线虫属种类(Paratrichodorus species);矮化线虫(Stunt nematodes)、马齿苋矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus claytoni)、顺逆矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus dubius)以及其他矮化线虫属种类(Tylenchorhynchus species);柑桔线虫(Citrus nematodes)、穿刺线虫属种类(Tylenchulus species);短剑线虫(Dagger nematodes)、剑线虫属种类(Xiphinemaspecies);以及其他植物寄生的线虫种类,如亚粒线虫属物种(Subanguina spp.)、Hypsoperine属物种、大刺环线虫属物种(Macroposthonia spp.)、Melinius属物种、刻点胞囊属物种(Punctodera spp.)、以及五沟线虫属物种(Quinisulcius spp.)。
本发明的杀有害生物组合物还可以具有针对软体动物的活性。这些软体动物的实例包括,例如苹果螺科;阿勇蛞蝓属(Arion)(灰黑阿勇蛞蝓(A.ater)、环斑阿勇蛞蝓(A.circumscriptus)、庭院阿勇蛞蝓(A.hortensis)、红棕阿勇蛞蝓(A.rufus));巴蜗牛科(灌木巴蜗牛(Bradybaena fruticum));蜗牛属(庭院蜗牛(C.hortensis),森林蜗牛(C.nemoralis));ochlodina;灰蛞蝓属(Deroceras)(野灰蛞蝓(D.agrestis)、D.empiricorum、田灰蛞蝓(D.laeve)、庭园灰蛞蝓(D.reticulatum));圆盘螺属(Discus)(D.rotundatus);Euomphalia;土蜗属(Galba)(截形土蜗(G.trunculata));小蜗牛属(Helicelia)(伊塔拉小蜗牛(H.itala)、布维小蜗牛(H.obvia));大蜗牛科(Helicigonaarbustorum);Helicodiscus;大蜗牛属(Helix)(开放大蜗牛(H.aperta));蛞蝓属(Limax)(灰黑蛞蝓(L.cinereoniger)、黄蛞蝓(L.flavus)、边缘蛞蝓(L.marginatus)、大蛞蝓(L.maximus)、柔蛞蝓(L.tenellus));椎实螺属(Lymnaea);Milax(M.gagates、M.marginatus、M.sowerbyi);钻螺属(Opeas);瓶螺属(Pomacea)(P.canaticulata);瓦娄蜗牛属(Vallonia)和Zanitoides。根据式(I)的化合物可以在控制先前对杀有害生物(杀昆虫)剂的新烟碱种类(“新烟碱类”)敏感的昆虫的抗性群体中找到实用性。此类新烟碱抗性的昆虫可以包括来自鳞翅目或半翅目,特别是来自蚜科的昆虫。
新烟碱类代表自拟除虫菊酯商业化以来引进市场的熟知的一类杀昆虫剂(Nauen和Denholm,2005:Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology[昆虫生物化学与生理学文献]58:200-215),并且是极有价值的昆虫控制剂,尤其是因为它们与旧杀昆虫剂类别几乎没有或没有交叉抗性,而旧杀昆虫剂类别明显地存在抗性问题。然而,关于昆虫对新烟碱类杀昆虫剂的抗性的报道正在增多。因此,这类昆虫对新烟碱杀昆虫剂的抗性增强对许多重要经济作物、水果和蔬菜的种植构成了重大威胁,并且因此需要找到能够控制新烟碱抗性昆虫的替代杀昆虫剂(即,找到未展现出任何与新烟碱类的交叉抗性的杀昆虫剂)。
抗性可以定义为“有害生物群体的敏感度的可遗传变化,所述可遗传变化反映在当根据对所述有害生物物种的标签建议使用时,实现所希望水平的控制的含杀昆虫活性成分的产品的重复失败中”(IRAC)。当对一种杀昆虫剂的抗性通过相同的生物化学机理赋予对另外一种杀昆虫剂的抗性时交叉抗性发生。这可以发生在杀昆虫剂化学品的组之内或在杀昆虫剂化学品的组之间。即使具有抗性的昆虫从来没有暴露于杀昆虫剂的化学品类别之一中,交叉抗性仍可以发生。
对于新烟碱抗性的主要机制中的两个包括:
(i)靶标位点抗性,借此抗性与杀昆虫剂靶标蛋白质(即烟碱乙酰胆碱受体)中的一个或多个氨基酸的置换相关联;和
(ii)代谢抗性,例如因过表达单加氧酶而对新烟碱的氧化解毒增强。
关于对新烟碱杀昆虫剂的昆虫抗性的一般综述参见例如PesticideBiochemistry and Physiology[杀有害生物剂生物化学与生理学](2015),121,78-87或Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology[实验医学和生物学的进展](2010),683(Insect Nicotinic乙酰基choline Receptors[昆虫烟碱乙酰胆碱受体]),75-83。细胞色素P450单加氧酶是参与解毒/活化异型生物质的重要的代谢系统。这样,P450单加氧酶在杀昆虫剂抗性中起重要作用。
P450单加氧酶具有如此惊人的一系列可代谢底物,这是因为在每个物种中存在众多P450(60-111),并且一些P450的底物特异性较宽泛。单加氧酶介导的抗性的研究已经表明抗性可以归因于参与杀昆虫剂解毒的一种P450的增加的表达(经由增加的转录),并且还可能归因于结构基因本身的变化。这样,代谢交叉抗性机制不仅影响来自给定类别的杀昆虫剂(例如新烟碱),而且影响看似不相关的杀昆虫剂。例如,烟粉虱中新烟碱与吡蚜酮之间的交叉抗性关系已经由Gorman等人(Pest Management Science[有害生物管理科学]2010,1186-1190页)报道。或例如,关于通过P450解毒的证据参见例如Harrop,Thomas WR等人Pest Management Science[有害生物管理科学](2018),74(7),p1616-1622以及引用的参考文献。
对烟碱的靶标位点抗性进行了充分研究,并且已经示出烟碱乙酰胆碱受体的修饰活性位点赋予对烟碱的抗性。例如,参见Bass等人BMC Neuroscience[BMC神经系统科学](2011),12,51页,Pest Management Science[有害生物管理科学](2018),74(6),1297-1301。
术语“作物”应当理解为还包括已经通过使用重组DNA技术而被这样转化使其能够合成一种或多种选择性作用毒素的作物植物,这些毒素是如已知例如来自于产毒素细菌,尤其是芽孢杆菌属的那些细菌。
可通过此类转基因植物表达的毒素包括,例如,杀昆虫蛋白,例如来自于蜡样芽孢杆菌或日本甲虫芽孢杆菌的杀昆虫蛋白;或来自于苏云金芽孢杆菌的杀昆虫蛋白,如δ-内毒素,例如Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1F、Cry1Fa2、Cry2Ab、Cry3A、Cry3Bb1或Cry9C,或营养期杀昆虫蛋白(Vip),例如Vip1、Vip2、Vip3或Vip3A;或线虫寄生性细菌的杀昆虫蛋白,例如光杆状菌属物种或致病杆菌属物种,如发光光杆状菌、嗜线虫致病杆菌;由动物产生的毒素,如蝎毒素、蜘蛛毒素、黄蜂毒素和其他昆虫特异性神经毒素;由真菌产生的毒素,如链霉菌毒素;植物凝集素,如豌豆凝集素、大麦凝集素或雪花莲凝集素;凝集素类;蛋白酶抑制剂,如胰蛋白酶抑制剂、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、马铃薯贮存蛋白(patatin)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、木瓜蛋白酶抑制剂;核糖体失活蛋白(RIP),如蓖麻蛋白、玉米-RIP、相思豆毒蛋白、丝瓜籽毒蛋白、皂草毒素蛋白或异株泻根毒蛋白;类固醇代谢酶,如3-羟基类固醇氧化酶、蜕皮类固醇-UDP-糖基-转移酶、胆固醇氧化酶、蜕皮激素抑制剂、HMG-COA-还原酶,离子通道阻断剂,如钠通道或钙通道阻断剂,保幼激素酯酶,利尿激素受体、茋合酶、联苄合酶、几丁酶和葡聚糖酶。
在本发明的背景下,δ-内毒素(例如Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1F、Cry1Fa2、Cry2Ab、Cry3A、Cry3Bb1或Cry9C)或营养期杀昆虫蛋白(Vip)(例如Vip1、Vip2、Vip3或Vip3A)应理解为显然还包括混合型毒素、截短的毒素和经修饰的毒素。混合型毒素是通过那些蛋白的不同结构域的新组合重组产生的(参见例如,WO 02/15701)。截短的毒素,例如截短的Cry1Ab是已知的。在经修饰的毒素的情况下,天然存在的毒素的一个或多个氨基酸被替代。在这种氨基酸替代中,优选将非天然存在的蛋白酶识别序列插入毒素中,例如像在Cry3A055的情况下,一种组织蛋白酶-G-识别序列被插入Cry3A毒素中(参见WO 03/018810)。
这样的毒素或能够合成这样的毒素的转基因植物的实例披露于例如EP-A-0 374753、WO 93/07278、WO 95/34656、EP-A-0 427 529、EP-A-451 878以及WO 03/052073中。
用于制备这样的转基因植物的方法通常是本领域技术人员已知的并且描述在例如以上提及的公开物中。CryI型脱氧核糖核酸及其制备例如从WO 95/34656、EP-A-0 367474、EP-A-0 401 979和WO 90/13651中已知。
包含在转基因植物中的毒素使得植物对有害昆虫有耐受性。这样的昆虫可以存在于任何昆虫分类群,但尤其常见于甲虫(鞘翅目)、双翅昆虫(双翅目)和蛾(鳞翅目)。
包含一种或多种编码杀昆虫剂抗性并且表达一种或多种毒素的基因的转基因植物是已知的并且其中一些是可商购的。这样的植物的实例是:(玉米品种,表达Cry1Ab毒素);YieldGard/>(玉米品种,表达Cry3Bb1毒素);YieldGard(玉米品种,表达Cry1Ab以及Cry3Bb1毒素);/>(玉米品种,表达Cry9C毒素);Herculex/>(玉米品种,表达Cry1Fa2毒素以及实现对除草剂草丁膦铵的耐受性的酶膦丝菌素N-乙酰转移酶(PAT));NuCOTN/>(棉花品种,表达Cry1Ac毒素);Bollgard/>(棉花品种,表达Cry1Ac毒素);Bollgard/>(棉花品种,表达Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab毒素);(棉花品种,表达Vip3A和Cry1Ab毒素);/>(马铃薯品种,表达Cry3A毒素);/> GT Advantage(GA21耐草甘膦性状),CB Advantage(Bt11玉米螟(CB)性状)以及/>
这样的转基因作物的另外的实例是:
1.Bt11玉蜀黍,来自先正达种子公司(Syngenta Seeds SAS),霍比特路(Cheminde l'Hobit)27,F-31 790圣苏维尔(St.Sauveur),法国,登记号C/FR/96/05/10。遗传修饰的玉蜀黍,通过转基因表达截短的Cry1Ab毒素,使之能抵抗欧洲玉米螟(玉米螟和粉茎螟)的侵袭。Bt11玉蜀黍还转基因表达PAT酶以获得对除草剂草铵膦的耐受性。
2.Bt176玉蜀黍,来自先正达种子公司,霍比特路27,F-31790圣苏维尔,法国,登记号C/FR/96/05/10。遗传修饰的玉蜀黍,通过转基因表达Cry1Ab毒素,使之能抵抗欧洲玉米螟(玉米螟和粉茎螟)的侵袭。Bt176玉蜀黍还转基因表达酶PAT以获得对除草剂草铵膦的耐受性。
3.MIR604玉蜀黍,来自先正达种子公司,霍比特路27,F-31790圣苏维尔,法国,登记号C/FR/96/05/10。通过转基因表达经修饰的Cry3A毒素使之具有昆虫抗性的玉蜀黍。此毒素是通过插入组织蛋白酶-G-蛋白酶识别序列而经修饰的Cry3A055。这样的转基因玉蜀黍植物的制备描述于WO 03/018810中。
4.MON 863玉蜀黍,来自孟山都欧洲公司(Monsanto Europe S.A.),270-272特弗伦大道(Avenue de Tervuren),B-1150布鲁塞尔,比利时,登记号C/DE/02/9。MON 863表达Cry3Bb1毒素,并且对某些鞘翅目昆虫有抗性。
5.IPC 531棉花,来自孟山都欧洲公司,270-272特弗伦大道,B-1150布鲁塞尔,比利时,登记号C/ES/96/02。
6.1507玉蜀黍,来自先锋海外公司(Pioneer Overseas Corporation),特德斯科大道(Avenue Tedesco),7B-1160布鲁塞尔,比利时,登记号C/NL/00/10。遗传修饰的玉蜀黍,表达蛋白质Cry1F以获得对某些鳞翅目昆虫的抗性,并且表达PAT蛋白质以获得对除草剂草铵膦的耐受性。
7.NK603×MON 810玉蜀黍,来自孟山都欧洲公司270-272特弗伦大道,B-1150布鲁塞尔,比利时,登记号C/GB/02/M3/03。通过将遗传修饰的品种NK603和MON 810杂交,由常规育种的杂交玉蜀黍品种构成。NK603×MON 810玉蜀黍转基因地表达由土壤杆菌属菌株CP4获得的蛋白质CP4 EPSPS,使之耐除草剂(含有草甘膦),以及还有由苏云金芽孢杆菌库尔斯塔克亚种获得的Cry1Ab毒素,使之耐某些鳞翅目昆虫,包括欧洲玉米螟。
抗昆虫的植物的转基因作物还描述于BATS(生物安全与可持续发展中心(Zentrumfür Biosicherheit und Nachhaltigkeit),BATS中心(Zentrum BATS),克拉斯崔舍(Clarastrasse)13,巴塞尔(Basel)4058,瑞士)报告2003(http://bats.ch)中。
术语“作物”应理解为还包括已经通过使用重组DNA技术而被这样转化使其能够合成具有选择性作用的抗病原物质的作物植物,这些抗病原物质是例如像所谓的“病程相关蛋白”(PRP,参见例如EP-A-0 392 225)。这样的抗病原物质和能够合成这样的抗病原物质的转基因植物的实例例如从EP-A-0 392 225、WO 95/33818和EP-A-0353 191是已知的。生产这样的转基因植物的方法对于本领域技术人员而言通常是已知的并且描述于例如以上提及的公开物中。
作物也可以经修饰以增强对真菌(例如镰孢属、炭疽病或疫霉属)、细菌(例如假单胞菌属)或病毒(例如马铃薯卷叶病毒、番茄斑萎病毒、黄瓜花叶病毒)病原体的抗性。
作物还包括对线虫(如大豆异皮线虫)具有增强的抗性的那些作物。
具有对非生物性胁迫的耐受性的作物包括例如通过NF-YB或本领域中已知的其他蛋白质的表达对干旱、高盐、高温、寒冷、霜或光辐射具有增强的耐受性的那些作物。
可以由此类转基因植物表达的抗病原物质包括例如离子通道阻断剂(如钠和钙通道阻断剂,例如病毒的KP1、KP4或KP6毒素);茋合酶;联苄合酶;几丁质酶;葡聚糖酶;所谓的“病程相关蛋白”(PRP,参见例如EP-A-0 392 225);由微生物产生的抗病原物质,例如参与植物病原体防御的肽抗生素或杂环类抗生素(参见例如WO 95/33818)或蛋白质或多肽因子(所谓的“植物疾病抗性基因”,如描述于WO 03/000906中)。
根据本发明的组合物的其他使用范围是保护所储存的物品和储藏环境以及保护原材料,如木材、纺织品、地板或建筑物,以及在卫生领域中,尤其是保护人类、家畜以及多产的牲畜免遭所提及类型的有害生物的侵害。
本发明还提供了用于控制有害生物(如蚊和其他的疾病媒介物,同样参见http:// www.who.int/malaria/vector_control/irs/en/)的方法。在一个实施例中,用于控制有害生物的方法包括通过涂刷、轧制、喷雾、涂布或浸渍,向目标有害生物、它们的场所或表面或基底施用本发明的组合物。通过举例,通过本发明的方法考虑到了表面(如墙、天花板或地板表面)的IRS(室内残留喷雾)施用。在另一个实施例中,考虑到了将这样的组合物施用于如下基底,如无纺或织物材料,该材料处于网织品、被覆物、被褥、窗帘以及帐篷的形式(或可以用于在这些物品的制造中)。本发明的另外的目的因此是选自包含含有具有式(I)的化合物的组合物的无纺和织物材料的基底。
在一个实施例中,用于控制这样的有害生物的方法包括向目标有害生物、它们的场所或表面或基底施用杀有害生物有效量的本发明的杀有害生物组合物,以便于在该表面或基底上提供有效的残留的杀有害生物活性。这样的施用可以通过涂刷、轧制、喷雾、涂布或浸渍本发明的杀有害生物组合物来进行。通过举例,通过本发明的方法考虑到了表面(如墙、天花板或地板表面)的IRS施用,以便于在该表面上提供有效的残留的杀有害生物活性。在另一个实施例中,考虑了施用这样的组合物以用于在基底上的有害生物的残留控制,该基底是如处于网织品、被覆物、被褥、窗帘以及帐篷的形式(或可以用于在这些物品的制造中)的织物材料。
当在动物体内或体表的寄生虫的上下文中使用时,术语“有效量”是指本发明化合物或其盐的量或剂量,其以单剂量或多剂量给予动物时,在动物体内或体表提供了希望的效果。主治诊断专家(作为本领域技术人员)通过使用已知技术和通过观察在类似情况下获得的结果,可以容易地确定有效量。在确定有效量时,主治诊断专家考虑了许多因素,包括但不限于:哺乳动物的种类;其大小、年龄和总体健康状况;要控制的寄生虫和侵染程度;所涉及的特定疾病或病症;疾病或病症的累及程度或严重性;个体反应;给予的特定化合物;给予模式;给予制剂的生物利用度特征;所选择的剂量方案;伴随药物的使用;和其他相关情况。
有待处理的基底(包括无纺物、织物或网织品)可以由天然纤维,如棉花、拉菲亚树叶纤维、黄麻、亚麻、剑麻、粗麻布或羊毛,或者合成纤维,如聚酰胺、聚酯、聚丙烯、聚丙烯腈等等制成。聚酯是特别适合的。纺织品处理的方法是已知的,例如WO 2008/151984、WO 03/034823、US 5631072、WO 2005/64072、WO 2006/128870、EP 1724392、WO 2005113886或WO2007/090739。
根据本发明的组合物的另外的使用领域是针对所有观赏树木连同所有种类的果树和坚果树的树木注射/树干处理领域。
在树木注射/树干处理领域中,根据本发明的组合物尤其适合于对抗来自如上提及的鳞翅目和来自鞘翅目的蛀木昆虫,尤其是对抗下表中列出的蛀木虫:
表A.具有经济重要性的外来蛀木虫的实例。
表B.具有经济重要性的本地蛀木虫的实例。
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本发明的杀有害生物组合物还可以用于控制任何可能存在于草坪草中的昆虫有害生物包括例如甲虫、毛虫、火蚁、地面珍珠(ground pearl)、千足虫、潮虫、螨虫、蝼蛄、介壳虫、粉蚧、蜱、沫蝉、南方麦小蝽以及蛴螬。本发明可以用于控制处于其生命周期的各个阶段的昆虫有害生物,包括卵、幼虫、若虫和成虫。
具体而言,本发明的杀有害生物组合物可用于控制用草坪草的根部喂养的昆虫有害生物,该昆虫有害生物包括蛴螬(诸如圆头犀金龟属物种(Cyclocephala spp.)(例如标记的金龟子、C.lurida)、Rhizotrogus属物种(例如欧洲金龟子,欧洲切根鳃金龟(R.majalis))、黄栌属物种(Cotinus spp.)(例如绿六月甲虫(Green June beetle)、绿六月花金龟(C.nitida))、弧丽金龟属物种(Popillia spp.)(例如日本甲虫、日本弧丽金龟(P.japonica))、鳃角金龟属物种(Phyllophaga spp.)(例如五月/六月甲虫)、金龟属物种(例如草坪草黑金龟(Black turfgrass ataenius)、黑绒金龟)、绒毛金龟属物种(Maladeraspp.)(例如亚洲花园甲虫(Asiatic garden beetle)、栗色绒金龟)以及Tomarus属物种)、地面珍珠(硕蚧属物种(Margarodes spp.))、蝼蛄(褐黄色的、南方的、以及短翅的;痣蟋蟀属物种(Scapteriscus spp.)、非洲蝼蛄(Gryllotalpa africana))以及大蚊幼虫(leatherjackets)(欧洲大蚊(European crane fly)、大蚊属物种(Tipula spp.))。
本发明的杀有害生物组合物还可以用于控制茅草住宅的草坪草的昆虫有害生物,这些昆虫有害生物包括粘虫(诸如秋夜蛾(fall armyworm)草地贪夜蛾(Spodopterafrugiperda),和常见粘虫一星黏虫(Pseudaletia unipuncta))、切根虫,象鼻虫(尖隐喙象属物种(Sphenophorus spp.),诸如S.venatus verstitus和牧草长喙象(S.parvulus))以及草地螟(如草螟属物种(Crambus spp.)和热带草地螟,Herpetogramma phaeopteralis)。
本发明的杀有害生物组合物还可以用于控制在地上生活并取食草坪草叶子的草坪草中的昆虫有害生物,这些昆虫有害生物包括麦小蝽(如南方麦小蝽,南方杆长蝽(Blissus insularis))、狗牙根螨(Bermudagrass mite)(Eriophyes cynodoniensis)、盖氏虎尾草粉蚧(草竹粉蚧(Antonina graminis))、两线沫蝉(Propsapia bicincta)、叶蝉、切根虫(夜蛾科)、以及麦二叉蚜。
本发明的杀有害生物组合物还可以用于控制草坪草中的其他有害生物,诸如在草坪中创建蚁巢的外引红火蚁(红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta))。
在卫生领域中,根据本发明的组合物有效地对抗体表寄生虫如硬蜱、软蜱、疥螨、秋螨、蝇(叮咬和舔舐)、寄生性蝇幼虫,虱、发虱、鸟虱和跳蚤。
这样的寄生虫的实例是:
虱目:血虱属物种、长颚虱属物种(Linognathus spp.)、人虱属物种以及阴虱属物种(Phtirus spp.)、管虱属物种,
食毛目:毛羽虱属物种、短羽虱属物种、鸭虱属物种、牛羽虱属物种、Werneckiella属物种、Lepikentron属物种、畜虱属物种、啮毛虱属物种以及猫羽虱属物种(Felicolaspp.),
双翅目及长角亚目(Nematocerina)和短角亚目(Brachycerina),例如伊蚊属物种(Aedes spp.)、疟蚊属物种、库蚊属物种(Culex spp.)、蚋属物种(Simulium spp.)、真蚋属物种(Eusimulium spp.)、白蛉属物种(Phlebotomus spp.)、罗蛉属物种(Lutzomyiaspp.)、库蠓属物种(Culicoides spp.)、斑虻属物种(Chrysops spp.)、驼背虻属物种(Hybomitra spp.)、黄虻属物种(Atylotus spp.)、虻属物种(Tabanus spp.)、麻虻属物种(Haematopota spp.)、菲洛比米亚属物种(Philipomyia spp.)、蜂虱蝇属物种(Braulaspp.)、家蝇属物种(Musca spp.)、齿股蝇属物种(Hydrotaea spp.)、螫蝇属物种、黑角蝇属物种(Haematobia spp.)、莫蝇属物种(Morellia spp.)、厕蝇属物种(Fannia spp.)、舌蝇属物种(Glossina spp.)、丽蝇属物种(Calliphora spp.)、绿蝇属物种(Lucilia spp.)、金蝇属物种(Chrysomyia spp.)、污蝇属物种(Wohlfahrtia spp.)、麻蝇属物种(Sarcophagaspp.)、狂蝇属物种(Oestrus spp.)、皮蝇属物种(Hypoderma spp.)、胃蝇属物种(Gasterophilus spp.)、虱蝇属物种(Hippobosca spp.)、羊虱蝇属物种(Lipoptena spp.)和蜱蝇属物种(Melophagus spp.),
蚤目(Siphonapterida),例如蚤属物种(Pulex spp.)、栉头蚤属物种、客蚤属物种(Xenopsylla spp.)、角叶蚤属物种,
异翅目(Heteropterida),例如臭虫属物种、锥鼻虫属物种、红猎蝽属物种、锥蝽属物种(Panstrongylus spp.),
蜚蠊目(Blattarida),例如东方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis)、美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana)、德国小蠊(Blattelagermanica)以及夏柏拉蟑螂属(Supella)物种,
蜱螨(Acaria)亚纲(螨科(Acarida))和后气门目(Meta-stigmata)和中气门目(Meso-stigmata),例如锐缘蜱属物种、钝缘蜱属物种(Ornithodorus spp.)、耳蜱属物种(Otobius spp.)、硬蜱属物种、钝眼蜱属物种、牛蜱属物种(Boophilus spp.)、革蜱属物种(Dermacentor spp.)、血蜱属物种(Haemophysalis spp.)、璃眼蜱属物种、扇头蜱属物种、皮刺螨属物种(Dermanyssus spp.)、刺利螨属物种(Raillietia spp.)、肺刺螨属物种(Pneumonyssus spp.)、胸刺螨属物种(Sternostoma spp.)和瓦螨属物种(Varroa spp.),
轴螨目(Actinedida)(前气门亚目(Prostigmata))和粉螨目(Acaridida)(无气门亚目(Astigmata)),例如蜂盾螨属物种(Acarapis spp.)、姬螯螨属物种(Cheyletiellaspp.)、禽螯螨属物种(Ornithocheyletia spp.)、肉螨属物种(Myobia spp.)、疮螨属物种(Psorergates spp.)、蠕形螨属物种(Demodex spp.)、恙螨属物种(Trombicula spp.)、牦螨属物种(Listrophorus spp.)、粉螨属物种(Acarus spp.)、食酪螨属物种(Tyrophagusspp.)、嗜木螨属物种(Caloglyphus spp.)、颈下螨属物种(Hypodectes spp.)、翅螨属物种(Pterolichus spp.)、痒螨属物种(Psoroptes spp.)、皮螨属物种(Chorioptes spp.)、耳痒螨属物种(Otodectes spp.)、疥螨属物种(Sarcoptes spp.)、耳螨属物种(Notoedresspp.)、鸟疥螨属物种(Knemidocoptes spp.)、胞螨属物种(Cytodites spp.)以及鸡雏螨属物种(Laminosioptes spp.)。
根据本发明的杀有害生物组合物还适用于保护在如木材、纺织品、塑料、粘合剂、胶、漆料、纸张和卡片、皮革、地板和建筑等情况下的材料免受昆虫侵染。
根据本发明的杀有害生物组合物可以用于,例如,对抗以下有害生物:甲虫,如北美家天牛(Hylotrupes bajulus)、长毛天牛(Chlorophorus pilosis)、家具窃蠹(Anobiumpunctatum)、红毛窃蠹(Xestobium rufovillosum)、梳角细脉窃蠹(Ptilinuspecticornis)、Dendrobium pertinex、松芽枝窃蠹(Ernobius mollis)、Priobiumcarpini、褐粉蠹(Lyctus brunneus)、非洲粉蠹(Lyctus africanus)、南方粉蠹(Lyctus planicollis)、栎粉蠹(Lyctus linearis)、柔毛粉蠹(Lyctus pubescens)、胸粉蠹(Trogoxylon aequale)、鳞毛粉蠹(Minthesrugicollis)、材小蠹属物种(Xyleborusspec.)、条木小蠹属物种(Tryptodendron spec.)、咖啡黑长蠹(Apate monachus)、槲长蠹(Bostrychus capucins)、棕异翅长蠹(Heterobostrychus brunneus)、双棘长蠢属物种(Sinoxylon spec.)以及竹长蠹(Dinoderus minutus),以及还有膜翅类,如蓝黑树蜂(Sirex juvencus)、大树蜂(Urocerus gigas)、泰加大树蜂(Urocerus gigas taignus)和Urocerus augu,以及白蚁类,如欧洲木白蚁(Kalotermes flavicollis)、麻头堆砂白蚁(Cryptotermes brevis)、印巴结构木异白蚁(Heterotermes indicola)、黄胸散白蚁(Reticulitermes flavipes)、桑特散白蚁(Reticulitermes santonensis)、欧洲散白蚁(Reticulitermes lucifugus)、达尔文澳白蚁(Mastotermes darwiniensis)、内华达古白蚁(Zootermopsis nevadensis)与家白蚁(Coptotermes formosanus),以及蛀虫,如衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina)。
具有式(I)的化合物可以按未经修饰的形式用作杀有害生物剂,但其通常以多种方式使用配制辅助剂或添加剂(如载体、溶剂和表面活性物质)被配制成组合物。
本发明的杀有害生物组合物可以处于不同的实体形式,例如,处于以下形式:撒粉剂、凝胶、可湿性粉剂、水可分散性颗粒剂、水可分散性片剂、泡腾压缩片剂、悬浮液浓缩物、用于种子处理的可流动浓缩物、可乳化的浓缩物、微可乳化浓缩物、水包油乳剂、可流动油、水性分散体、油性分散体、悬乳剂、胶囊悬浮液、可乳化的颗粒剂、可溶性液体、水可溶性浓缩物(以水或水混溶性有机溶剂作为载体)、浸渍的聚合物膜或处于已知的其他形式,例如从Manual on Development and Use of FAO and WHO Specifications for Pesticides[关于杀有害生物剂的FAO和WHO标准的发展和使用的手册],联合国,第1版,二次修订(2010)中已知的。这样的组合物可以直接使用或者可以使用前稀释再使用。可以用例如水、液体肥料、微量营养素、生物有机体、油或溶剂来进行稀释。
优选地,本发明的杀有害生物组合物是用于种子处理的可流动浓缩物。
术语“用于种子处理的可流动浓缩物”旨在表示其中一种或多种固体活性成分通常以高浓度分散在水中的配制品。
将该精细研磨的组合与辅助剂紧密地混合,得到用于种子处理的可流动浓缩物,从该用于种子处理的可流动浓缩物可以通过用水稀释获得任何所希望的稀释度的悬浮液。使用这样的稀释物,可以对活的植物连同植物繁殖材料进行处理并且对其针对微生物侵染通过喷雾、浇灌或浸渍进行保护。
可以通过例如将活性成分与配制辅助剂混合来制备本发明的组合物以便获得处于精细分散固体、颗粒、溶液、分散体或乳剂形式的组合物。这些活性成分还可以与其他辅助剂(例如精细分散固体、矿物油、植物或动物来源的油、改性的植物或动物来源的油、有机溶剂、水、表面活性物质或其组合)来一起配制。
一种或多种活性成分还可以被包含于非常精细的微胶囊中。微胶囊在多孔载体中含有具有式(I)的化合物和任选地一种或多种其他活性成分。这使得活性成分能够以受控的量释放(例如,缓慢释放)到环境中。微胶囊通常具有从0.1至500微米的直径。这些微胶囊含有具有式(I)的化合物,以及任选地一种或多种其他活性成分,该活性成分的量为胶囊重量的按重量计约25%至95%。这些活性成分可以处于整体性的固体的形式、处于固体或液体分散体中的精细颗粒的形式或处于适合溶液的形式。包囊的膜可以包含例如天然的或合成的橡胶、纤维素、苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯酸酯、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚脲、聚氨酯或化学改性的聚合物以及淀粉黄原酸酯、或本领域的技术人员已知的其他聚合物。可替代地,可以形成非常精细的微胶囊,其中活性成分在基础物质的固体基质中是以精细分散颗粒的形式被包含的,但这些微胶囊本身未经包裹。
适合于制备根据本发明的组合物的配制辅助剂本身是已知的。
作为液体载体可以使用以下任一种:水、甲苯、二甲苯、石油醚、植物油、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、环己酮、酸酐、乙腈、乙酰苯、乙酸戊酯、2-丁酮、碳酸丁烯酯、氯苯、环己烷、环己醇、乙酸烷基酯、二丙酮醇、1,2-二氯丙烷、二乙醇胺、对-二乙基苯、二甘醇、松脂酸二乙二醇酯、二甘醇丁基醚、二甘醇乙基醚、二甘醇甲醚、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、1,4-二噁烷、二丙二醇、二丙二醇甲基醚、双丙甘醇二苯甲酸酯、二丙二醇、烷基吡咯烷酮、乙酸乙酯、2-乙基己醇、碳酸乙烯酯、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、2-庚酮、α-蒎烯、d-苧烯、乳酸乙酯、乙二醇、乙二醇丁基醚、乙二醇甲基醚、γ-丁内酯、乙酸甘油酯、二乙酸甘油酯、三乙酸甘油酯、十六烷、己二醇、乙酸异戊基酯、乙酸异冰片基酯、异辛烷、异佛尔酮、异丙苯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、乳酸、月桂胺、异亚丙基丙酮、甲氧基丙醇、甲基异戊基酮、甲基异丁基酮、月桂酸甲酯、辛酸甲酯、油酸甲酯、二氯甲烷、间二甲苯、正己烷、正辛胺、十八烷酸、辛胺乙酸酯、油酸、油烯基胺、邻二甲苯、苯酚、聚乙二醇、丙酸、乳酸丙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、丙二醇、丙二醇甲基醚、对-二甲苯、甲苯、磷酸三乙酯、三乙二醇、二甲苯磺酸、石蜡、矿物油、三氯乙烯、全氯乙烯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸戊酯、乙酸丁酯、丙二醇甲基醚、二乙二醇甲基醚、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇以及更高分子量的醇,例如戊醇、四氢呋喃醇、己醇、辛醇、乙二醇、甘油、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮等。
适合的固体载体是例如滑石、二氧化钛、叶蜡石黏土、硅石、凹凸棒石黏土、硅藻土、石灰石、碳酸钙、膨润土、钙蒙脱土、棉籽壳、小麦粉、大豆粉、浮石、木粉、经研磨的胡桃壳、木质素和类似的物质。
可以用于配制品的其他辅助剂包括结晶抑制剂、粘度调节剂、悬浮剂、染料、抗氧化剂、发泡剂、光吸收剂、混合助剂、消泡剂、络合剂、中和或改变pH的物质和缓冲液、腐蚀抑制剂、香料、湿润剂、吸收增强剂、微量营养素、增塑剂、助流剂、润滑剂、分散剂、增稠剂、防冻剂、杀微生物剂、以及液体和固体肥料。
根据本发明的组合物可以包括添加剂,该添加剂包含植物或动物来源的油、矿物油、这样的油的烷基酯或这样的油与油衍生物的混合物。在根据本发明的组合物中的油添加剂的量通常是基于该待施用的混合物的从0.01%到10%。例如,可以在喷雾混合物已经制备之后将该油添加剂以所希望的浓度添加到喷雾罐中。优选的油添加剂包括矿物油或植物来源的油,例如菜籽油、橄榄油或葵花籽油;乳化的植物油;植物来源的油的烷基酯,例如甲基衍生物;或动物来源的油,如鱼油或牛脂。优选的油添加剂包括C8-C22脂肪酸的烷基酯,尤其是C12-C18脂肪酸的甲基衍生物,例如月桂酸、棕榈酸以及油酸的甲基酯(分别为月桂酸甲酯、棕榈酸甲酯和油酸甲酯)。许多油衍生物获知于Compendium of HerbicideAdjuvants[除草剂辅助剂纲要],第10版,南伊利诺伊大学,2010。
而商业产品可以优选地被配制为浓缩物,最终使用者将通常使用稀释配制品。
根据本发明的组合物还可以包含另外的固体或液体助剂,如稳定剂,例如未环氧化的或环氧化的植物油(例如环氧化的椰子油、菜籽油或大豆油),消泡剂(例如硅酮油),防腐剂,粘度调节剂,粘合剂和/或增粘剂,肥料或其他用于获得特定效果的活性成分,例如杀细菌剂、杀真菌剂、杀线虫剂、植物活化剂、杀软体动物剂或除草剂。
本发明的组合物的施用方法,即控制上述类型的有害生物的方法(如通过喷雾、雾化、撒粉、涂刷、包衣、撒播或浇灌),以及本发明的组合物用于控制上述类型的有害生物的用途是本发明的其他主题。
施用比率在宽范围之内变化并且取决于土壤的性质、施用方法、作物植物、待控制的有害生物、主要气候条件、以及受施用方法、施用时间以及目标作物支配的其他因素。一般来讲,本发明的杀有害生物组合物可以从1至2000l/ha、尤其是从10至1000l/ha的比率施用。每公项的施用比率总体上是每公项1g至2000g活性成分、特别是10g/ha至1000g/ha、优选地是10g/ha至600g/ha。
通过添加其他杀昆虫、杀螨和/或杀真菌活性的成分,根据本发明的杀有害生物组合物的活性可以显著地加宽,并且适合于普遍情况。具有式(I)的化合物与其他杀昆虫、杀螨和/或杀真菌活性的成分的混合物还可以具有另外的出人意料的优点,这些优点还可以在更宽的意义上描述为协同活性。例如,植物的更好的耐受性、降低的植物毒性、昆虫可以在它们的不同发育阶段得到控制、或者在它们的生产期间(例如,在研磨或者混合期间,在它们的储存期间或它们的使用期间)的更好的行为。
在作物保护领域中,优选的施用方法是施用至这些植物的叶(叶施用),可能的是选择施用的频率和比率以符合所讨论的有害生物的侵染风险。可替代地,该活性成分可以通过根系统(内吸作用)到达植物,这是通过用液体组合物将这些植物的场所浸透或者通过将呈固体形式的活性成分引入植物的场所(例如引入土壤,例如以颗粒的形式(土施))来实现的。在水稻作物的情况下,这样的颗粒剂可以被计量地加入淹水的稻田中。
根据本发明的组合物适于保护植物繁殖材料(例如种子,如果实、块茎或籽粒,或者苗圃植物)对抗上述类型的有害生物。可以用该组合物在种植前对该繁殖材料进行处理,例如可以在播种前对种子进行处理。可替代地,该组合物可以施用到种子仁(涂布),或者通过在液体组合物中浸泡这些仁或者通过涂一层固体组合物。还可能在该繁殖材料被种植在施用场地时施用该组合物,例如在条播期间将所述组合物施入种子犁沟。这些用于植物繁殖材料的处理方法和如此处理的植物繁殖材料是本发明另外的主题。典型的处理比率将取决于有待控制的植物以及有害生物/真菌,并且通常在每100kg种子1克至200克之间、优选在每100kg种子5克至150克之间,如在每100kg种子10克至100克之间。
术语种子包括所有种类的种子以及植物繁殖体,包括但并不限于真正的种子、种子块、吸盘、谷粒、鳞球茎、果实、块茎、谷物、根茎、插条、切割枝条以及类似物并且在优选实施例中意指真正的种子。
本发明还包括用具有式(I)的化合物包衣或处理的种子或含有具有式(I)的化合物的种子。尽管取决于施用的方法成分的更多或更少的部分可以渗透到该种子材料中,术语“包衣或处理和/或含有”通常表示在施用的时候,在大多数情况下,该活性成分在该种子的表面。当所述种子产品被(再)种植时,它可以吸收活性成分。在实施例中,本发明使得可获得其上粘附有具有式(I)的化合物的植物繁殖材料。
种子处理包括本领域中已知的所有适合的种子处理技术,如拌种、种子包衣、种子撒粉、浸种以及种子造粒。可以通过任何已知的方法进行本发明的杀有害生物组合物的种子处理施用,如在种子播种之前或播种/种植过程中对种子喷雾或撒粉。
另一方面是植物繁殖材料,其通过处理或涂覆而包含具有式(I)的化合物,以及任选地彩色颜料。
在本发明的每个方面以及实施例中,“基本上由……组成”以及其变形是“包含”以及其变形的优选实施例,并且“由……组成”以及其变形是“基本上由……组成”以及其变形的优选实施例。
本申请的披露内容使得可获得在本文中披露的实施例的每种组合。
以下实例进一步说明了(但不限制)本发明。
实例
实例1
根据以下配方制备含有具有式(I)的化合物作为活性成分的根据本发明的用于种子处理的水性可流动浓缩物:
如下配制上述成分:
(1)制备黄原胶凝胶;
(2)制备含有具有式(I)的化合物的水性研磨基料;
(3)通过湿式珠磨机将(1)中的研磨基料研磨成细粒度;以及
(4)加入剩余的成分,然后混合,直到获得均匀的组合物。
适合用于在实例1的杀有害生物组合物中使用的具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物的非限制性实例包括,例如,可商购的商标名为F68的表面活性剂。
实例2
根据实例1中所述的程序制备含有具有式(I)的化合物作为活性成分的用于种子处理的水性可流动浓缩物,但不含黏土(组合物2)。
对比实例1
根据实例1中所述的程序制备含有具有式(I)的化合物作为活性成分的用于种子处理的水性可流动浓缩物,但用HO-(CH2CH2O)61-(CH(CH3)CH2O)40-(CH2CH2O)61-H替代具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物,其中聚氧乙烯:聚氧丙烯链长比超出从4:1至7:1的范围(对比组合物1):
适合用于在对比实例1的杀有害生物组合物中使用的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物的非限制性实例包括,例如,可商购的商标名为F87的表面活性剂。
对比实例2
根据实例1中所述的程序制备含有具有式(I)的化合物作为活性成分的用于种子处理的水性可流动浓缩物,但用HO-(CH2CH2O)8-(CH(CH3)CH2O)50-(CH2CH2O)8-H替代具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物,其中聚氧乙烯:聚氧丙烯链长比超出从4:1至7:1的范围(对比组合物2):
适合用于在对比实例2的杀有害生物组合物中使用的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物的非限制性实例包括,例如,可商购的商标名为L92的表面活性剂。
对比实例3
根据实例1中所述的程序制备含有具有式(I)的化合物作为活性成分的用于种子处理的水性可流动浓缩物,但用HO-(CH2CH2O)19-(CH(CH3)CH2O)39-(CH2CH2O)19-H替代具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物,其中聚氧乙烯:聚氧丙烯链长比超出从4:1至7:1的范围(对比组合物3):
适合用于在对比实例3的杀有害生物组合物中使用的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物的非限制性实例包括,例如,可商购的商标名为P84的表面活性剂。
对比实例4
根据实例1中所述的程序制备含有具有式(I)的化合物作为活性成分的用于种子处理的水性可流动浓缩物,但不含乙氧基化木质素磺酸钠盐(对比组合物4)。
通过将实例1、实例2和对比实例1至4中任一者的组合物的样品倒入杯中并通过目测评估检查是否有任何沉淀物残留在杯底进行测试。结果如下表1所述。
对比实例5
根据实例1中所述的程序制备含有具有式(I)的化合物作为活性成分的用于种子处理的水性可流动浓缩物,但用HO-(CH2CH2O)127-(CH(CH3)CH2O)48-(CH2CH2O)127-H替代具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物,其中聚氧乙烯:聚氧丙烯链长比在从4:1至7:1的范围内,但x和x'是超出从70至120的范围的整数,并且y是超出从20至45的范围的整数(对比组合物5):
适合用于在对比实例5的杀有害生物组合物中使用的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物的非限制性实例包括,例如,可商购的商标名为F108的表面活性剂。
如表1所示,沉淀指数是介于1和5之间的整数,它考虑了配制品在储存时的长期物理稳定性。当配制品在储存过程中完全均质时,该指数为5。当该指数为3或更高时,配制品有利地显示出令人满意的稳定性能,因为可以通过来回倒样品不超过5-10次轻松地将该配制品重新均质化。当该指数为1或2时,配制品不利地显示出高沉淀速率并沉淀到杯底。
本发明的杀有害生物组合物(包括例如实例1的组合物1和实例2的组合物2)与包含具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物的对比组合物1、2和3(其中聚氧乙烯:聚氧丙烯链长比超出从4:1至7:1的范围(参见对比实例1-3))相比,显示出改善的沉淀曲线。
本发明的杀有害生物组合物(包括例如实例1的组合物1)与实例2的不含黏土的组合物2相比,在存在另外的黏土和另外的杂多糖的情况下,进一步显示出更容易将沉淀物重新均质化。
本发明的杀有害生物组合物(包括例如实例1的组合物1和实例2的组合物2)与对比实例4的不含乙氧基化木质素磺酸钠盐的对比组合物4相比,也显示出良好的晶体抑制特性。虽然对比组合物4显示出令人满意的稳定性能,但与组合物1和组合物2相比,在储存过程中发生晶体生长,从而产生不希望的混浊。
表1
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Claims (15)
1.一种杀有害生物组合物,其包含:
(a)具有式(I)的化合物:
或其农用化学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、对映异构体、互变异构体或N-氧化物;
(b)水;和
(c)表面活性剂系统,其包含:
至少一种具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物:
HO-(CH2CH2O)x-(CH(CH3)CH2O)y-(CH2CH2O)x’-H(II)
其中
x和x’彼此相等或不同,是从70至120的整数,并且
y是从20至45的整数,并且
其中聚氧乙烯:聚氧丙烯链长比是从4:1至7:1;和
至少一种具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐:
其中
R1、R2和R3彼此相等或不同,独立地选自-CH2CH2-、-CH(CH3)CH2-和-CH2CH2CH2CH2-,
i、j和k彼此相等或不同,是0或从1至15的整数,条件是i、j和k中的至少一个不同于0,并且
X为钠或钾。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中在所述具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物中
x和x’彼此相等或不同,是从75至85的整数,并且
y是从25至35的整数,并且
其中聚氧乙烯:聚氧丙烯链长比是从5:1至6:1。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的组合物,其中在所述具有式(II)的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物中
x和x’彼此相等或不同,是从75至80的整数,并且
y是从25至30的整数,并且
其中聚氧乙烯:聚氧丙烯链长比是从5:1至6:1。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合物,其中聚氧乙烯:聚氧丙烯链长比是从5.1:1至5.5:1。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物,其中在所述具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐中
当R1、R2和R3中的任一个为-CH2CH2时,i、j和k彼此相等或不同,是从1至12的整数,优选地从1至4的整数,更优选地从1至3的整数,或
当R1、R2和R3中的任一个为-CH(CH3)CH2时,i、j和k彼此相等或不同,是从1至6的整数,优选地从1至3的整数,更优选地从1至2的整数,或
当R1、R2和R3中的任一个为-CH2CH2CH2CH2-时,i、j和k彼此相等或不同,是从1至3的整数,优选地从1至2的整数,更优选地是1,
其中R1、R2和R3彼此相等或不同。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述表面活性剂系统包含:
相对于所述表面活性剂系统的总重量,按重量计从35%至40%的至少一种具有式(II)的聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物;和
相对于所述表面活性剂系统的总重量,按重量计从60%至65%的至少一种具有式(III)的烷氧基化木质素磺酸盐。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的组合物,所述组合物进一步包含:
(d)至少一种黏土;和
(e)至少一种杂多糖。
8.根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中至少一种黏土与至少一种杂多糖的重量比是从8:1至15:1。
9.根据权利要求7或权利要求8所述的组合物,其中至少一种黏土与至少一种杂多糖的重量比是从9:1至10:1。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的组合物,所述组合物包含:
(a)相对于所述组合物的总重量,按重量计从10%至75%的所述具有式(I)的化合物或其农用化学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、对映异构体、互变异构体或N-氧化物;
(b)相对于所述组合物的总重量,按重量计从10%至65%的水;
(c)相对于所述组合物的总重量,按重量计从1%至25%的所述表面活性剂系统;
(d)相对于所述组合物的总重量,按重量计从0.1%至2%的至少一种黏土;和
(e)相对于所述组合物的总重量,按重量计从0.05%至1%的至少一种杂多糖。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的组合物,所述组合物包含:
(a)相对于所述组合物的总重量,按重量计从25%至60%的所述具有式(I)的化合物或其农用化学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、对映异构体、互变异构体或N-氧化物;
(b)相对于所述组合物的总重量,按重量计从25%至60%的水;
(c)相对于所述组合物的总重量,按重量计从2%至15%的所述表面活性剂系统;
(d)相对于所述组合物的总重量,按重量计从0.5%至1.5%的至少一种黏土;和
(e)相对于所述组合物的总重量,按重量计从0.05%至0.15%的至少一种杂多糖。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的组合物,所述组合物包含:
(a)相对于所述组合物的总重量,按重量计从40%至60%的所述具有式(I)的化合物或其农用化学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、对映异构体、互变异构体或N-氧化物;
(b)相对于所述组合物的总重量,按重量计从30%至50%的水;
(c)相对于所述组合物的总重量,按重量计从4%至10%的所述表面活性剂系统;
(d)相对于所述组合物的总重量,按重量计从0.08%至1.2%的至少一种黏土;和
(e)相对于所述组合物的总重量,按重量计从0.06%至0.15%的至少一种杂多糖。
13.一种控制昆虫、螨、线虫或软体动物的方法,所述方法包括将杀昆虫、杀螨、杀线虫或杀软体动物有效量的根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的杀有害生物组合物施用到有害生物、有害生物场所、易受有害生物攻击的植物或其植物繁殖材料。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述植物选自由以下组成的组:谷类、蔬菜、大田作物、油料作物、饲料作物和纤维作物。
15.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的杀有害生物组合物作为杀昆虫剂、杀螨剂、杀线虫剂或杀软体动物剂的用途。
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