CN116930376A - 一种液相质谱仪同时检测卤蛋中四环素类兽药残留的方法 - Google Patents
一种液相质谱仪同时检测卤蛋中四环素类兽药残留的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种液相质谱仪同时检测卤蛋中四环素类兽药残留的方法,属于食品检测技术领域,包括以下步骤:S1、溶液配制,S2、待检测物的提取,S3、取萃取柱,S4、计算,本发明通过采用甲醇为流动相,相比于以前使用三氟乙酸或乙腈为流动性有两个优点:①、毒性较低;②、目标物响应值更高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品检测技术领域,具体涉及一种液相质谱仪同时检测卤蛋中四环素类兽药残留的方法。
背景技术
四环素类药物(Tetracyclines)是一类天然或半合成药物四环素,常见的有四环素、金霉素、土霉素和多西环素。在畜牧业中,四环素类药物价格低、抗菌谱宽,被广泛用于动物疾病预防和治疗中。不合理使用或滥用药物,导致动物源性食品及环境中四环素类药物残留超标的情况时有出现,威胁公共卫生安全。消费者长期食用四环素类药物残留超标的食品,可出现牙齿变黄、过敏反应、肝脏损伤、肠道紊乱等不良反应,还可导致体内细菌耐药性增强。
四环素类药物的检测方法主要有微生物检测法、免疫检测法、高效液相色谱法和色谱-质谱联用法,其中微生物学法易于操作,成本低,但检测周期长,特异性差,干扰多;酶联免疫法定性不稳定,易出现假阳性,仅适用于快速检测;高效液相色谱法虽然具有较高的灵敏度,但前处理复杂,分析时间长。目前采用最多的是高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,该方法选择性强、灵敏度高、定量准确,是近年来测定四环素类的首选方法。但四环素类检测方法研究基质多为肉类、饲料等,基质相对复杂的卤蛋中四环素类的检测方法鲜见研究。除此之外,因四环素类药物极性较强,pKa 约为3.2~9.8,易与蛋白结合,提取难度较大,故四环素类药物干扰严重,回收率低,且流动相多使用乙腈、三氟乙酸,毒性较高。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种液相质谱仪同时检测卤蛋中四环素类兽药残留的方法,通过采用甲醇为流动相,相比于以前使用三氟乙酸或乙腈为流动性有两个优点:①、毒性较低;②、目标物响应值更高。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种液相质谱仪同时检测卤蛋中四环素类兽药残留的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
S1、溶液配制:0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液; 0.05 mol/L磷酸氢二钠溶液;磷酸盐缓冲液;1 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液;Mcllvaine-Na2EDTA缓冲液;洗脱液;复溶液;
S2、待检测物的提取,准确称取试样1 g(精确至0.0001 g),再加入Mcllvaine-Na2EDTA缓冲液,进行涡旋混匀,混匀后超声提取并离心,收集离心后的上清液,残渣中加磷酸盐缓冲液,重复提取1次,合并2次提取液,混匀,备用,待净化;
S3、取萃取柱,依次用甲醇和水活化,取备用液过萃取液,依次用水和甲醇水溶液淋洗,抽干,用洗脱液洗脱,收集洗脱液,45 ℃氮吹后用复溶液复溶,经微孔滤膜过滤,将滤液使用液相质谱仪测定;
S4、计算,根据上机测定所得数据进行测算。
进一步的,所述Mcllvaine-Na2EDTA缓冲液包括以下制备步骤:
取柠檬酸12.9 g、磷酸氢二钠10.9 g、乙二胺四乙酸二钠39.2 g,加水900 mL,用1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调pH至5.0±0.2,用水稀释至1000 mL。
进一步的,所述洗脱液包括以下制备步骤:
取甲醇150 mL、加乙酸乙酯150 mL、浓氨水6 mL、混合均匀。
进一步的,所述步骤S4中所用测算公式如下:
进一步的,所述公式中/>:样品中的四环素、金霉素、土霉素及多西环素含量(μg/kg),/>:试样溶液中四环素、金霉素、土霉素及多西环素的浓度 (ng/ mL),:试样溶液最终定容体积(mL),/>:称样量(g),/>:稀释倍数。
进一步的,所述液相质谱仪使用的色谱柱为Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 1.7μm 2.1 mm*100 mm,流动相为A和B。
进一步的,所述柱温为35 ℃。
进一步的,流动相A为0.1 %甲酸溶液,流动相B为甲醇。
进一步的,所述超声提取采用不使用冰水浴。
进一步的,所述步骤S3中的微孔滤膜为0.22μm的微孔滤膜。
综上所述,本申请与现有技术相比至少具有以下一种有益技术效果:
1、样品前处理洗脱液采用甲醇-乙酸乙酯-浓氨水,因氨水可以调节四环素类物质pH至等电点,使其呈碱游离析出,故目标物洗脱率高;
2、样品前处理优化流程,不使用冰水浴超声提取,操作方便,提取效率佳;
3、采用甲醇为流动相,相比于以前使用三氟乙酸或乙腈为流动性有两个优点:①、毒性较低;②、目标物响应值更高。
附图说明
图1为本发明四环素、金霉素、土霉素及多西环素的总离子流图;
图2为本发明四环素、金霉素、土霉素及多西环素的MRM图;
图3为本发明不使用本发明技术的四环素、金霉素、土霉素及多西环素总离子流图;
图4为不使用本发明技术的四环素、金霉素、土霉素及多西环素MRM图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例的附图1-4,对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例
首先进行溶液的配制:
0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液:取磷酸二氢钠7.8 g,用水稀释至1000 mL;
0.05 mol/L磷酸氢二钠溶液:取磷酸氢二钠17.9 g,用水稀释至1000 mL;
磷酸盐缓冲液:取0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液190 mL,用0.05 mol/L磷酸氢二钠溶液稀释至1000 mL;
1 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液:取氢氧化钠4 g,190 mL,用水稀释至100 mL;
Mcllvaine-Na2EDTA缓冲液:取柠檬酸12.9 g、磷酸氢二钠10.9 g、乙二胺四乙酸二钠39.2 g,加水900 mL,用1 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调pH至5.0±0.2,用水稀释至1000mL;
洗脱液:取甲醇150 mL、加乙酸乙酯150 mL、浓氨水6 mL、混合均匀;
复溶液:取水40 mL、加甲醇5 mL、乙腈5 mL、甲酸0.05 mL、混合均匀;
对试样准确称取1 g,精确至0.0001g;
将粉碎均匀的试样置于50 mL具塞离心管中,
在具塞离心管加入Mcllvaine-Na2EDTA缓冲液8 mL,
对具塞离心管涡旋混匀5 min,超声提取20 min,以10000 r/min离心8 min,收集上清液;
在具塞离心管残渣中加磷酸盐缓冲液8 mL;
重复上述步骤在提取1次;
合并2次提取液,混匀,备用;
取HLB固相萃取柱;
依次用5 mL甲醇和5 mL水活化,取备用液过萃取液;
依次用5 mL水和5 mL 20 %甲醇水溶液淋洗,抽干,用洗脱液10 mL洗脱,收集洗脱液,45 ℃氮吹后用1 mL复溶液复溶,经0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤,得到滤液;
对滤液进行液相质谱仪分析;
液相分离条件为:
柱温: 35 ℃;
进样量: 10μL,外标法定量;
质谱参考条件如下:
电离源:电喷雾离子源electrospray ionization,ESI;
扫描方式:正离子扫描:毛细管电压:ESI+ 3.50 kV,离子源温度:150 ℃;
碰撞气:氩气;
脱溶剂温度:350 ℃;
脱溶剂气流:700 L/h, 锥孔气流: 50 L/h;
检测方式:多反应监测(multi-reaction monitoring, MRM);
4种四环素类化合物的定性与定量离子对、锥孔电压、碰撞能量见下表:
得到如图1所示的总离子流图与图2所示的MRM图;
使用线性方程得到如下:
线性评价:四种目标成分的相关系数R2均达到了0.996以上,用该方法在5 ng/mL至200 ng/mL之间呈现良好的线性,符合GB/T27404-2008《实验室质量控制规范》的要求。
进行重复性的验证,得到如下:
试验结论:四环素、金霉素、土霉素及多西环素重复测定6次含量的RSD %分别为7.06、7.13、2.79和4.51,表明该方法具有较好的重复性。
进行相对偏差的验证,得到如下:
试验结论:四环素、金霉素、土霉素及多西环素含量的CV %分别为0.90、0.33、0.51和0.05,表明该方法具有较好的精密度。
进行回收率的验证,得到如下:
试验结论:四环素、金霉素、土霉素及多西环素含量的平均回收率均在80—120%之间,符合GB/T27404-2008《实验室质量控制规范》的要求。
对比例一
为不使用本发明方法的主要技术得到如图三和图四所示结果;
具体方法为:对试样准确称取1 g,精确至0.0001g;
将粉碎均匀的试样置于50 mL具塞离心管中,
在具塞离心管加入Mcllvaine-Na2EDTA缓冲液8 mL,
对具塞离心管涡旋混匀5 min,超声提取20 min,以10000 r/min离心8 min,收集上清液;
在具塞离心管残渣中加磷酸盐缓冲液8 mL;
重复上述步骤在提取1次;
合并2次提取液,混匀,备用;
取HLB固相萃取柱;
依次用5 mL甲醇和5 mL水活化,取备用液过萃取液;
依次用5 mL水和5 mL 20 %甲醇水溶液淋洗,抽干,用洗脱液(甲酸:乙酸乙酯=1:1)10 mL洗脱,收集洗脱液,45 ℃氮吹后用1 mL复溶液复溶,经0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤,得到滤液;对滤液进行液质联用仪分析;
流动相A为0.1 %甲酸水溶液,流动相B为乙腈(其线性洗脱条件不变),其它液相分离条件及质谱条件不变;
相比于使用本发明方法的主要技术存在以下缺点:
同一浓度下,四环素、金霉素、土霉素和多西环素响应值明显降低,峰形明显变差;
在此条件下无法对四环素、金霉素、土霉素和多西环素进行定量分析,或对其定量后带来的偏差较大。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种液相质谱仪同时检测卤蛋中四环素类兽药残留的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
S1、溶液配制:0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液; 0.05 mol/L磷酸氢二钠溶液;磷酸盐缓冲液;1 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液;Mcllvaine-Na2EDTA缓冲液;洗脱液;复溶液;
S2、待检测物的提取,准确称取试样1 g,再加入Mcllvaine-Na2EDTA缓冲液,进行涡旋混匀,混匀后超声提取并离心,收集离心后的上清液,残渣中加磷酸盐缓冲液,重复提取1次,合并2次提取液,混匀,备用,待净化;
S3、取萃取柱,依次用甲醇和水活化,取S2中合并后的提取液过萃取柱,依次用水和甲醇水溶液淋洗,抽干,用洗脱液洗脱,收集洗脱液,45 ℃氮吹后用复溶液复溶,经微孔滤膜过滤,将滤液使用液相质谱仪测定;
S4、计算,根据上机测定所得数据进行测算。
2.如权利要求1所述的液相质谱仪同时检测卤蛋中四环素类兽药残留的方法,其特征在于,所述磷酸盐缓冲液按照体积比的配置比例为0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液:0.05 mol/L磷酸氢二钠溶液=1:4,所述Mcllvaine-Na2EDTA缓冲液按照质量比的配置比例为柠檬酸:磷酸氢二钠:乙二胺四乙酸二钠:水=1:1:2:46。
3.如权利要求1所述的液相质谱仪同时检测卤蛋中四环素类兽药残留的方法,其特征在于,所述洗脱液按照体积比的配置比例为甲醇:乙酸乙酯:浓氨水=25:25:1,所述复溶液按照体积比的配置比例为甲酸:甲醇:乙腈:水=0.01:1:1:8。
4.如权利要求1所述的液相质谱仪同时检测卤蛋中四环素类兽药残留的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S4中所用测算公式如下:。
5.如权利要求1所述的液相质谱仪同时检测卤蛋中四环素类兽药残留的方法,其特征在于:所述公式中:样品中的四环素、金霉素、土霉素及多西环素含量(μg/kg),/>:试样溶液中四环素、金霉素、土霉素及多西环素的浓度 (ng/mL),/>:试样溶液最终定容体积(mL),:称样量(g),/>:稀释倍数。
6.如权利要求5所述的液相质谱仪同时检测卤蛋中四环素类兽药残留的方法,其特征在于:所述液相质谱仪使用的色谱柱为Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 1.7μm 2.1 mm*100mm,流动相为A和B。
7.如权利要求1所述的液相质谱仪同时检测卤蛋中四环素类兽药残留的方法,其特征在于:所述柱温为35 ℃。
8.如权利要求1所述的液相质谱仪同时检测卤蛋中四环素类兽药残留的方法,其特征在于:流动相A为0.1 %甲酸溶液,流动相B为甲醇。
9.如权利要求1所述的液相质谱仪同时检测卤蛋中四环素类兽药残留的方法,其特征在于:所述超声提取采用常温超声提取,不需使用冰水浴。
10.如权利要求1所述的液相质谱仪同时检测卤蛋中四环素类兽药残留的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S3中的微孔滤膜为0.22μm的微孔滤膜。
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