CN116916901A - Ep300降解剂和其在神经母细胞瘤中的用途 - Google Patents
Ep300降解剂和其在神经母细胞瘤中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于治疗与EP300依赖性和升高的CRBN表达水平相关的疾病或病症(例如,癌症(例如,神经母细胞瘤))的方法。
Description
相关申请
本申请根据35U.S.C.§119(e)要求2021年3月9日提交的美国临时申请号63/158,620的优先权权益,该美国临时申请以引用方式整体并入本文中。
序列表
本申请包含序列表,该序列表已经以ASCHII格式以电子形式提交,并在此以引用方式整体并入。创建于2022年3月8日的所述ASCII副本命名为52095-7180001WO_ST25.txt并且大小为72千字节。
背景技术
各种研究已表明,E1A结合蛋白质P300(EP300、KAT3B)和cAMP应答元件结合蛋白质(CREB)结合蛋白质(CBP、CREBBP、KAT3A)在细胞存活的调控中发挥重叠但不同的作用。EP300或CBP的种系损失导致具有不同表型的鼠胚胎致死性(Yao等Cell 93:361-72(1998))。此外,CBP是自我更新所需的,而EP300是造血干细胞分化所需的(Rebel等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99:14789-94(2002))。EP300或CBP的体细胞突变见于多种恶性肿瘤(包括神经母细胞瘤)中,并且CBP突变的肿瘤细胞中EP300的损失在合成上是致死的(Barretina等Nature 483:603-7(2012);Ogiwara等Cancer Discov.6:430-45(2016))。
与高通量测序耦合的染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP-seq)研究已在全基因组鉴别出用于EP300和CBP的重叠但不同的DNA结合位点,表明这两种蛋白质可通过调控不同基因的增强子而不同地起作用(Martire等BMC Mol.Cell Biol.21:55(2020);Ramos等Nucleic AcidsRes.38:5396-5408(2010))。询问EP300和CBP的许多研究依赖于不允许时间相关分析的对每个基因的遗传破坏或mRNA耗尽,或者可选地依赖于使用对两种酶具有非选择性活性的抑制剂(Dancy和Cole,Chem.Rev.115:2419-52(2015);Hammitzsch等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.112:10768-173(2015);Lasko等Nature550:128-2(2017);Yan等J.Invest.Dermatol.133:2444-52(2013);Zucconi等Biochemistry 55:3727-34(2016))。因此,仅靶向这些酶中的一种的药理学抑制剂的衍生受限于这些蛋白质之间的同源性(Dancy和Cole,Chem.Rev.115:19-2452(2015);Lasko等Nature 550:128-32(2017))。
发明内容
本发明基于以下令人惊讶的发现:EP300而不是其旁系同源物CREB结合蛋白质(CBP)是调控高风险神经母细胞瘤中的关键增强子所必需的。EP300是神经母细胞瘤(NB)中的增强子调控依赖物,其通过与转录因子活化蛋白质2B(TFAP2β)(高风险神经母细胞瘤的谱系定义的核心调控回路的成员)相互作用被募集到DNA。通过蛋白水解靶向嵌合体JQAD1对EP300的靶向药理学降解导致神经母细胞瘤中组蛋白乙酰化的整体损失。EP300的降解部分地由于MYCN染色质定位的损失而驱动神经母细胞瘤凋亡,并且对未转化的细胞具有有限的毒性。功能基因组和化学分析揭示了在许多类型的人癌症中对EP300的广泛依赖性,所述癌症例如骨髓瘤、淋巴瘤、白血病、黑色素瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、结肠癌、直肠癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、脑癌和胰腺癌。
通过以下方式实施治疗患有与EP300依赖性和升高的小脑蛋白(cereblon)(CRBN)表达水平相关的疾病或病症的受试者(例如,人受试者)的方法:从患有所述疾病或处于发展成所述疾病的风险中的受试者获得测试样品;鉴定所述测试样品中与参考样品相比CRBN的增加的表达水平;并且向所述受试者施用治疗有效量的EP300的选择性降解剂,从而治疗所述疾病或病症。
在一个方面,疾病或病症是癌症。在某些实施方案中,癌症是实体瘤(即,缺乏任何液体或囊肿的肿瘤),例如,神经母细胞瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、黑色素瘤、结肠癌、直肠癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、脑癌和胰腺癌。在某些实施方案中,癌症是血液癌症(即,影响血液、骨髓和淋巴结的癌症),例如白血病、骨髓瘤和淋巴瘤。在某些实施方案中,癌症是高风险神经母细胞瘤。
例如,从肿瘤组织或肿瘤微环境获得测试样品。或者,从体液(例如血浆、血液、尿液、痰或脑脊液(CSF))获得测试样品。其他示例性体液包括浆液(例如,胸膜液、腹膜液和心包液)、滑液以及引流和透析液。
在一个方面,从健康正常组织或肿瘤组织获得参考样品。例如,从来自与测试样品相同的个体的健康正常组织,或来自不同个体的一个或多个健康正常组织获得参考样品。
在一些情况下,通过测试样品的细胞中EP300的CRISPR-Cas9介导的敲除来鉴定肿瘤生长是否需要EP300,即肿瘤是否是EP300依赖性的。
在一些情况下,经由Affymetrix基因阵列杂交、下一代测序、核糖核酸测序(RNA-seq)、实时逆转录酶聚合酶链式反应(实时RT-PCR)测定、免疫组织化学(IHC)或免疫荧光来检测CRBN的表达水平。
在一个方面,EP300的选择性降解剂是JQAD1或其药学上可接受的盐。
优选地,肿瘤细胞存活、肿瘤细胞增殖或肿瘤转移被抑制例如至少5%、至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%、至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%或100%。
任选地,肿瘤细胞生长减少例如至少5%、至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%、至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%或100%。在另一方面,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。
在一些情况下,所述方法进一步包括向受试者施用化学治疗剂、放射疗法、冷冻疗法、激素疗法、免疫疗法或干细胞移植。例如,化学治疗剂包括顺式视黄酸、环磷酰胺顺铂卡铂长春新碱(VincasarVCR)、多柔比星(doxorubicin)依托泊苷(etoposide)(VP-16)、拓扑替康(topotecan)白消安(busulfan)和美法仑(melphalan)(L-PAM、)或噻替派(thiotepa)
在一个方面,将化学治疗剂与类固醇施用。例如,类固醇是泼尼松(prednisone)(Prednisone Intensol)或地塞米松
在一些情况下,所述方法进一步包括向所述受试者施用组合化学治疗剂。例如,组合化学治疗剂包括卡铂或顺铂环磷酰胺多柔比星和依托泊苷(VP-16)或伊立替康(irinotecan)替莫唑胺(temozolomide)或异环磷酰胺在一些情况下,该治疗之后是干细胞移植。
在一些情况下,所述方法进一步包括向受试者施用免疫抑制剂,诸如有或无顺式视黄酸的地妥昔单抗(dinutuximab)
还提供了确定患有癌症的受试者中EP300的降解是否将在所述受试者中产生临床益处的方法,所述方法包括:从患有癌症或处于发展成癌症的风险中的受试者获得测试样品;确定所述测试样品中CRBN的表达水平;将CRBN的所述表达水平与参考样品中CRBN的所述表达水平进行比较;以及如果所述测试样品中CRBN的所述表达水平不同于所述参考样品中CRBN的所述表达水平,则确定EP300降解是否将抑制所述受试者的所述癌症。
例如,从肿瘤组织或肿瘤微环境获得测试样品。或者,从体液(例如血浆、血液、尿液、痰或CSF)获得测试样品。其他示例性体液包括浆液(例如,胸膜液、腹膜液和心包液)、滑液以及引流和透析液。
在一个方面,从健康正常组织获得参考样品。
例如,受试者中的临床益处包括如由实体瘤应答评价标准(response evaluationcriteria in solid tumors,RECIST)定义的完全或部分应答、如由RECIST定义的疾病稳定、或如由irRC标准定义的尽管有疾病进展或应答下的长期存活。
在一种情况下,从癌症组织获得测试样品,并且所述方法进一步包括如果测试样品中CRBN的表达水平等于或高于参考样品中CRBN的水平,则确定患有癌症的受试者中EP300的降解将在所述受试者中产生临床益处。
在另一种情况下,从癌症组织获得测试样品,并且所述方法进一步包括如果测试样品中CRBN的表达水平低于参考样品中CRBN的水平,则确定患有癌症的受试者中EP300的降解将不会在所述受试者中产生临床益处。
定义
除非明确陈述或从上下文显而易见,否则如本文所使用的术语“约”应理解为在本领域的正常公差范围内,例如在平均值的2个标准偏差内。“约”可理解为在所述值的10%、9%、8%、7%、6%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1%、0.5%、0.1%、0.05%或0.01%内。除非上下文另外明确说明,否则本文所提供的所有数值均由术语“约”来修饰。
短语“异常表达”用于指偏离基因的正常参考表达水平的表达水平(即,增加或降低的表达水平)。
“药试”意指任何小化合物、抗体、核酸分子或多肽或其片段。
“改变”意指如通过本领域已知的标准方法(诸如本文所述的那些)所检测到的基因或多肽的表达水平或活性的变化(增加或减少)。如本文所用,改变包括表达水平的至少1%变化,例如表达水平的至少2%、3%、4%、5%、6%、7%、8%、9%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%或100%变化。例如,改变包括表达水平的至少5%-10%变化,优选25%变化,更优选40%变化,且最优选50%或更大的表达水平变化。
如本文所用的术语“抗体”(Ab)包括单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体、多特异性抗体(例如,双特异性抗体)和抗体片段,只要它们展现期望的生物活性。术语“免疫球蛋白”(Ig)在本文中与“抗体”可互换使用。
“结合到”分子意指对该分子具有物理化学亲和力。
“对照”或“参考”意指比较标准。在一个方面,如本文所用,“与对照样品或受试者相比改变”被理解为具有与来自正常、未处理或对照样品的样品统计学上不同的水平。对照样品包括例如培养中的细胞、一个或多个实验室测试动物或一个或多个人受试者。选择和测试对照样品的方法在本领域技术人员的能力范围内。分析物可以是由细胞或生物体特征性表达或产生的天然存在的物质(例如,抗体、蛋白质)或由报告构建体产生的物质(例如,β-半乳糖苷酶或荧光素酶)。取决于用于检测的方法,变化的量和测量可变化。统计显著性的确定在本领域技术人员的能力范围内,例如,与构成阳性结果的平均值的标准偏差数。
如本文所用,术语“药学上可接受的”在盐的背景下是指化合物的盐,其不消除化合物的生物活性或性质,并且相对无毒,即,盐形式的化合物可施用于受试者而不引起不期望的生物效应(诸如头晕或胃部不适)或不以有害的方式与含有它的组合物的任何其他组分相互作用。术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指通过本发明的化合物与适合的酸或碱反应获得的产物。本发明化合物的药学上可接受的盐的示例包括衍生自适合的无机碱的那些,诸如Li盐、Na盐、K盐、Ca盐、Mg盐、Fe盐、Cu盐、Al盐、Zn盐和Mn盐。药学上可接受的无毒酸加成盐的示例是氨基与无机酸形成的盐,诸如盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、异烟酸盐、乙酸盐、乳酸盐、水杨酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、泛酸盐、酒石酸氢盐、抗坏血酸盐、琥珀酸盐、马来酸盐、龙胆酸盐、富马酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、葡萄糖醛酸盐、糖质酸盐、甲酸盐、苯甲酸盐、谷氨酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、4-甲基苯磺酸盐或对甲苯磺酸盐等。本发明的某些化合物可与各种有机碱(诸如赖氨酸、精氨酸、胍、二乙醇胺或二甲双胍)形成药学上可接受的盐。
术语制剂或制剂组分的“有效量”和“治疗有效量”意指单独或组合的足以提供期望作用的制剂或组分的量。例如,“有效量”意指相对于未治疗的患者,改善疾病(例如,NB)的症状所需的单独或组合的化合物的量。术语“治疗有效量”包括单独或组合的化合物的量,其在被施用时,可在受试者中诱导疾病(例如,NB)的积极改变(例如,降解患病细胞中的EP300),或足以预防疾病的发展或进展,或至少在一定程度上减轻疾病的一种或多种症状。用于实施本发明的用于治疗性治疗疾病的活性化合物的有效量根据施用方式、受试者的年龄、体重和一般健康状况而变化。最终,主治医师或兽医将决定适当的量和给药方案。此类量被称为“有效”量。
术语“表达谱”广泛用于包括基因组表达谱。可通过用于确定核酸序列水平的任何方便的手段(例如微小RNA、标记的微小RNA、扩增的微小RNA、互补/合成DNA(cDNA)等的定量杂交,定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和用于定量的ELISA)生成谱,并且允许分析两个样品之间的差异基因表达。测定受试者或患者肿瘤样品。通过本领域已知的任何方便的方法收集样品。根据一些实施方案,术语“表达谱”意指测量所测量样品中核酸序列的相对丰度。
可用于本发明方法中的核酸分子包括编码本发明多肽或其片段的任何核酸分子。此类核酸分子不需要与内源性核酸序列100%同一,但通常将展现出基本同一性,例如至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%或至少99%同一性。与内源序列具有“基本同一性”的多核苷酸通常能够与双链核酸分子的至少一条链杂交。
如本文所用,如“获得药剂”中的“获得”包括合成、购买或以其他方式获取药剂。
除非明确陈述或从上下文显而易见,否则如本文所用的术语“或”应理解为包括性的。除非明确陈述或从上下文显而易见,否则如本文所用,术语“一(a/an)”和“所述”应理解为单数或复数。
短语“药学上可接受的载体”是本领域公认的,并且包括适于向哺乳动物施用本发明的化合物的药学上可接受的材料、组合物或媒介物。合适的载体可包括例如液体(水性和非水性的类似物,以及它们的组合)、固体、封装材料、气体和它们的组合(例如,半固体)和气体,其功能是将化合物从机体的一个器官或部分携带或运输到机体的另一器官或部分。载体在对配制剂的其他成分为生理惰性与配制剂的其他成分相容的意义上是“可接受的”,并且对受试者或患者无害。根据配制剂的类型,组合物可进一步包含一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。可充当药学上可接受的载体的材料的一些示例包括:糖,诸如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖;淀粉,诸如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;纤维素和其衍生物,诸如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素和乙酸纤维素;黄蓍胶粉和;麦芽;明胶;滑石;赋形剂,诸如可可脂和栓剂蜡;油,诸如花生油、棉籽油、红花油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和大豆油;二醇,诸如丙二醇;多元醇,诸如甘油、山梨醇、甘露醇和聚乙二醇;酯,诸如油酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯;琼脂;缓冲剂,诸如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝;海藻酸;无热源水;等渗盐水;林格氏溶液(Ringer’s solution);乙醇;磷酸盐缓冲液溶液;和用于药物制剂中的其他无毒相容性物质。
“蛋白质”或“多肽”或“肽”意指构成如本文所述的天然存在或非天然存在的多肽或肽的全部或部分的超过两个天然或非天然氨基酸的任何链,而无论翻译后修饰(例如,糖基化或磷酸化)如何。
术语“预防(preventing)”和“预防(prevention)”是指向处于发展成不良病况、病症或疾病的风险中、易感或易患特定不良病况、病症或疾病的临床无症状的个体施用药剂或组合物,因此涉及预防症状和/或它们的根本原因的发生。
术语“预后”、“分期”和“侵袭性的确定”在本文中被定义为预测瘤形成(例如,NB)的严重程度和其演变,以及如从疾病的通常过程所预期的恢复前景。一旦确定了侵袭性,就选择适当的治疗方法。
范围在本文中可表示为从“约”一个具体值和/或到“约”另一具体值。当表示这一范围时,另一方面包括从一个具体值和/或到另一具体值。类似地,当通过使用先行词“约”将值表示为近似值时,应当理解,所述具体值形成另一方面。进一步应当理解,每个范围的端点相对于另一端点以及独立于另一端点都是显著的。还应当理解,本文中公开了许多值,并且除了值本身之外,每个值还在本文中被公开为“约”该具体值。还应当理解,在本申请通篇中,以许多不同的格式提供数据,并且该数据代表端点和起点以及数据点的任何组合的范围。例如,如果公开了具体数据点“10”和具体数据点“15”,则应当理解,认为公开了大于、大于或等于、小于、小于或等于、和等于10和15,以及10到15。还应当理解,还公开了两个具体单元之间的每个单元。例如,如果公开10和15,则还公开11、12、13和14。
本文提供的范围应理解为该范围内的所有值的简写。例如,1到50的范围应理解为包括来自由1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49或50组成的组的任何数字、数字的组合或子范围,以及上述整数之间的所有中间十进制值,诸如例如1.1、1.2、1.3、1.4、1.5、1.6、1.7、1.8和1.9。关于子范围,特别考虑从该范围的任一端点延伸的“嵌套子范围”。例如,1到50的示例性范围的嵌套子范围可在一个方向上包括1到10、1到20、1到30和1到40,或者在另一方向上包括50到40、50到30、50到20和50到10。
“减少”意指至少10%、25%、50%、75%或100%的负改变。
“特异性结合”意指识别并结合本发明的多肽,但基本上不识别并结合天然包含本发明的多肽的样品(例如,生物样品)中的其他分子的化合物或抗体。
“选择性降解剂”是指优先结合并募集特定蛋白质(例如,EP330)用于靶向蛋白酶体降解的双功能化合物或(例如,JQAD1)。
“罹患或疑似罹患”特定疾病、病况或综合征的受试者具有足够数量的风险因素或呈现有疾病、病况或综合征的足够数量的体征或症状或其组合,使得适任个体将诊断或怀疑该受试者罹患该疾病、病况或综合征。用于鉴别罹患或疑似罹患与EP300依赖性和升高的CRBN表达水平相关的病况(例如,癌症(例如NB))的受试者的方法在本领域技术人员的能力范围内。罹患和疑似罹患特定疾病、病况或综合征的受试者不一定是两个不同的群体。
如本文所用,“易感”或“易发生”或“易患”特定疾病或病况或“处于发展成特定疾病或病况的风险中”是指基于遗传、环境、健康和/或其他风险因素比一般群体更可能发展成疾病或病况的个体。发展成疾病的可能性的增加可以是约10%、20%、50%、100%、150%、200%或更多的增加。
如本文所用的术语“治疗(treating)”和“治疗(treatment)”是指向患有不良病况、病症或疾病的有临床症状的个体施用药剂或制剂,以便实现症状的严重性和/或频率的降低,消除症状和/或它们的根本原因,和/或促进损伤的改善或修复。应当了解,尽管没有排除,但治疗疾病或病况不要求完全消除该疾病、病况或与其相关的症状。
在一些情况下,将本发明的组合物口服或全身施用。其他施用模式包括直肠、局部、眼内、口腔、阴道内、脑池内、脑室内、气管内、鼻、透皮、植入物内/上或胃肠外途径。术语“胃肠外”包括皮下、鞘内、静脉内、肌内、腹膜内或输注。可将包括本发明组合物的组合物添加到生理流体(诸如血液)中。由于对患者的方便性以及给药方案,因此口服施用可优选用于预防性治疗。胃肠外方式(皮下或静脉内)可优先用于更急性的疾患,或者用于由于胃肠不耐受、肠梗阻或其他危重疾患的伴随而不能耐受肠内施用的患者的治疗。吸入疗法可能最适合于肺血管疾病(例如,肺动脉高压)。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的组合物可以胶囊或片剂形式口服施用于有需要的受试者。在一些实施方案中,本发明的组合物可以液体形式经胃肠外施用于有需要的受试者。
可将药物组合物组装到试剂盒或药物系统中,用于阻滞快速分裂的细胞(例如,癌细胞)的细胞周期。根据本发明这一方面的试剂盒或药物系统包括载体装置,诸如盒子、纸盒或管,在其中密闭地具有一个或多个容器装置,诸如小瓶、管、安瓿、瓶、注射器或袋。本发明的试剂盒或药物系统还可包括用于使用试剂盒的相关说明书。
本文提供的任何组合物或方法可与本文提供的任何其他组合物和方法中的一种或多种组合。
在适用或未明确否认的情况下,预期本文所述的任何一种实施方案均能够与任何其他一种或多种实施方案组合,即使实施方案是在本发明的不同方面下描述的。
这些和其他实施方案由下文具体实施方式公开和/或涵盖。
附图说明
图1A-图1D是显示神经母细胞瘤细胞生长需要E1A结合蛋白质(EP300)而不是CREB结合蛋白质(CBP)的一组图形、蛋白质印迹(western blot)和热图。图1A是DepMap 20Q2数据发布中对神经母细胞瘤细胞系(n=19)的依赖性概率的热图。图1B是用靶向EP300(EP300-1,2)、CBP(CBP-1,2)或对照(ch2.2,LACZ)的单向导RNA(sgRNA)感染的稳定表达Cas9的Kelly细胞的一组蛋白质印迹。图1C是在Kelly和BE2C细胞中如图1B中sgRNA感染后进行的集落形成测定的图形。每次处理,每个细胞系,n=3个独立重复。*p<0.05。图1D是在集落形成测定中用一定范围浓度的EP300/CBP组合抑制剂(C646、CBP30和A485)处理的Kelly NB细胞的图形。每次处理,每个细胞系,n=3个独立重复。还参见图8A-图8N。
图2A-图2I是显示EP300调控由转录因子活化蛋白质2B(TFAP2β)指导的神经母细胞瘤核心调控回路的一组热图、染色质免疫沉淀测序(ChIP-seq)轨迹和蛋白质印迹和图形。图2A是神经母细胞瘤(NB)细胞中核依赖性基因的STRING数据库相互作用标绘图。数据来源于Durbin等,Nat Genet 50:1240-1246(2018)。显示核心调控回路成员(蓝色)或具有酶结构域的蛋白质(红色)。图2B是BE2C NB细胞中EP300和CBP的ChIP-seq的热图。进行热图分析并通过EP300:CBP结合的比率分级。数据代表两个细胞系Kelly和BE2C。图2C是BE2C和NB细胞中的使用测序的转座酶可接近染色质测定(Assay for Transposase-AccessibleChromatin using sequencing,ATAC-seq)以及EP300、H3K27ac和核心转录调控回路(CRC)转录因子结合位点的并集(union)处核心调控回路因子的ChIP-seq的全基因组热图分析,通过MYCN结合分级。数据代表两个细胞系Kelly和BE2C。图2D是展示在Kelly NB细胞中的HAND2基因座处CRC因子(蓝色)、CBP(绿色)、EP300(红色)的结合的一组代表性的ChIP-seq轨迹。还显示了心脏和神经嵴衍生物表达物2(heart and neural crest derivativesexpressed 2,HAND2)超级增强子(H3K27ac)和开放染色质(ATAC-seq)(黑色)。数据代表Kelly和BE2C细胞两者。图2E是Kelly NB细胞中EP300和CBP的ChIP-seq的基序富集分析的图形。数据限于Kelly NB细胞中EP300或CBP的前500个结合峰。有色点指示已知的富集转录因子。箭头指示对应于TFAP2β的富集的基序。图2F是来自图2D中的分析的位置-权重矩阵,其展示与CBP峰相比EP300峰下的最高富集序列,该序列对应于TFAP2β的共有结合序列。图2G是Kelly NB细胞中EP300和CBP的共免疫沉淀的蛋白质印迹。WCL=全细胞裂解物。IgG=同种型匹配的兔IgG抗体。数据代表三个独立的蛋白质印迹。图2H是用靶向TFAP2β(TFAP2β-1,2)或对照基因座(ch2.2,LACZ)的sgRNA感染的表达Cas9的Kelly NB细胞的蛋白质印迹。数据代表三种独立的裂解物和印迹。图2I是表达Cas9并用靶向TFAP2β(TFAP2β-1,2)或对照基因座(ch2.2,LACZ)的sgRNA感染的Kelly NB细胞的碘化丙啶流式细胞术的图形。n=3次独立感染和流动分析。*p<0.05。还参见图9A-图9K。
图3A-图3I是显示JQAD1是选择性EP300降解剂的一组化学结构、图形和蛋白质印迹。图3A是(R,S)-A485和(R,S)-JQAD1的化学结构的图像,突出显示了JQAD1的结构组分。图3B是用1μM(R,S)-A485、(R,S)-JQAD1、(S,S)-JQAD1或二甲亚砜(DMSO)处理6天的Kelly细胞的测定的图形。在每个时间点n=3次独立实验和测量。图3C是含有多重免疫调节性酰亚胺药物(iMiD)的分子(泊马度胺(pomalidomide)、沙利度胺(thalidomide)、来那度胺(lenalidomide)和JQAD1)和A485的测定的图形。数据代表三个独立测定。图3D是在链霉抗生物素蛋白珠纯化之前用生物素-JQAD1或泊马度胺的组合处理的Kelly细胞裂解物的蛋白质印迹。WCL=全细胞裂解物。数据代表三个独立实验和印迹。图3E是在裂解之前用所述浓度(μM)的DMSO、A485或JQAD1处理24小时(h)的Kelly NB细胞的一组蛋白质印迹。数据代表三个独立实验和印迹。图3F是在核提取和通过质谱分析之前用500nMJQAD1或DMSO媒介物处理24h的经细胞培养中使用氨基酸的稳定同位素标记(stableisotope labeling using amino acids in cell culture,SILAC)标记的Kelly NB细胞的图形。证实在0h相对于24h检测到的肽的比率。数据代表与0h相比,在24h一式三份检测到的重:轻标记的蛋白质的总和比率。虚线指示0.01的p值。红色标记的点指示EP300和CBP。n=3种独立的处理、裂解物和质谱反应。图3G是在裂解之用500nM JQAD1处理所述时间点的Kelly NB细胞的蛋白质印迹。数据代表三个独立实验和印迹。图3H是在所述浓度及时间点用JQAD1或A485处理的Kelly(H)细胞中的亚G1事件的碘化丙啶(PI)流式细胞术的图形。数据是n>3个独立流动实验的总结。在用1μM的化合物处理的SIMA细胞中获得类似的结果。图3I是在所述浓度及时间点用JQAD1或A485处理的Kelly(H)和NGP(I)细胞中的亚G1事件的PI-流式细胞术的图形。数据是n>3个独立流动实验的总结。还参见图10A-图10N。
图4A-图4E是显示JQAD1而不是A485破坏MYCN染色质定位从而导致凋亡的一组蛋白质印迹和标绘图。图4A是在裂解前用1μM JQAD1、A485或DMSO对照处理12、24和36h的Kelly NB细胞中凋亡切割的半胱天冬酶-3和切割的PARP1的标志物的蛋白质印迹。肌动蛋白被展示为上样对照。数据代表Kelly和NGP细胞中的三个独立处理和分析。图4B是在外部RNA对照协会(External RNA Controls Consortium,ERCC)控制的掺标(spike in)RNAseq之前,用500nM JQAD1、A485或DMSO对照处理24h的RNAseq Kelly细胞的基因集富集分析的标绘图。用MSigDB标志数据集(MSigDB Hallmarks dataset)进行RNAseq结果的基因集富集分析。每次处理n=3个生物学重复和独立的RNA提取。图4C是用500nM JQAD1、A485或DMSO对照处理24h的Kelly细胞中促凋亡和抗凋亡mRNA转录物的归一化RNAseq基因表达的标绘图。显示了针对DMSO和ERCC对照归一化的Log10转录物丰度。每次处理n=3个生物学重复和独立的RNA提取。图4D是用抗EP300、抗CBP或IgG对照抗体制备和免疫沉淀的Kelly细胞的核裂解物的蛋白质印迹。WCL=全细胞裂解物。数据代表>3次独立的共免疫沉淀和蛋白质印迹。图4E是用DMSO对照、A485(0.5、1μM)或JQAD1(0.5、1μM)处理、之后提取染色质的Kelly细胞的蛋白质印迹。总H3显示为上样对照。数据代表3种独立的处理、裂解物和印迹。
图5A-图5D是显示JQAD1主要在超级增强子处引起组蛋白H3K27-乙酰化损失的一组标绘图和ChIP-seq轨迹。图5A是在用500nM JQAD1处理Kelly细胞后0h(左)和24h(右)时通过H3K27ac信号分级的增强子的一组标绘图。数据代表两次独立处理和ChIP-seq实验。图5B是在0vs6h(左)和0vs 24h(右)时在Kelly NB细胞中通过H3K27ac ChIP-seq解析的增强子H3K27ac信号的log2倍数变化的一组标绘图。将数据针对外部黑腹果蝇(Drosophilamelanogaster)染色质进行归一化。图5C是在用500nM JQAD1处理Kelly细胞后6h和24h,由超级增强子和典型增强子分层的增强子H3K27ac信号的Log2倍数变化的标绘图。***指示通过学生t检验(students t-test),比较24h时的超级增强子和典型增强子调控的基因,p<0.0001。图5D是在HAND2核心调控回路因子基因座处用JQAD1以500nM处理0和24h的Kelly细胞的一组代表性基因轨迹。数据代表肾上腺素能CRC因子基因座(HAND2、ISL1、PHOX2B、GATA3、TBX2、ASCL1和TFAP2E)以及两次独立处理和ChIP-seq实验。还参见图11A-图11B。
图6A-图6E是显示JQAD1在体内引起肿瘤生长抑制和EP300损失的一组标绘图和免疫组织化学图像。图6A是在NOD scidγ(NSGTM)小鼠和用媒介物对照(n=11)或每天一次(n=12)或每天两次(n=12)腹膜内(IP)40mg/Kg的JQAD1处理的小鼠中建立的Kelly NB细胞异种移植物的标绘图。通过双因素方差分析(ANOVA)与事后Tukey检验,**p<0.01,***p<0.001。还通过双因素ANOVA与混合效应分析来分析肿瘤生长曲线动力学。图6B是图6B中所述的小鼠的Kaplan-Meier存活分析的标绘图,是每天两次IP 40mg/Kg的JQAD1延长存活的标绘图,与媒介物相比,两个JQAD1处理组的对数秩检验,p<0.0001。图6C是图6B-图6D中所述的小鼠的体重的标绘图。图6D是用媒介物对照或JQAD1(40mg/Kg IP每天一次)治疗14天的Kelly细胞异种移植物中EP300和CBP的一组免疫组织化学图像。数据代表每次治疗的3只独立动物。比例尺=50μm。图6E是对从如图6D中所述治疗的动物回收的肿瘤细胞进行的ERCC-掺标RNA-seq的标绘图,其显示了在第14天与媒介物对照(n=4)相比,每天用40mg/KgJQAD1治疗的动物(n=3)的表达的倍数变化。通过典型增强子或超级增强子的调控以及转录因子或CRC基因的基因身份(gene identity)对RNA-seq组的基因分层。与CRC基因表达相比,***p<0.0001,*p=0.0223,***p=0.0013。还参见图12A-图12D。
图7A-图7F是显示与CBP相比,癌细胞展示出对EP300的偏向依赖性的一组标绘图和蛋白质印迹。图7A是比较DepMap(n=757,20Q2发布)中所有细胞系的EP300和CBP依赖性概率的标绘图。通过双尾学生t检验,***p<0.0001。图7B是所指定细胞系的依赖性的平均EP300(黑色)和CBP(红色)概率的一组标绘图。图7C是在DNA提取和存活解析之前用一定浓度范围的(R,S)-JQAD1处理5天的形码化癌细胞系(n=557)的剂量-应答关系的曲线下面积(AUC)的标绘图。将细胞系单独分类为谱系。红色条=中值,单个黑点=单个细胞系,红色点=神经母细胞瘤细胞系。由时间=120h时各剂量的三次重复测量值计算AUC。图7D是来自图7C的JQAD1 AUC值相对于来自癌细胞系百科全书(Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia,CCLE)的CRBN表达的标绘图。对于>5TPM,与<4和4-5TPM相比,通过ANOVA与事后Bonferroni校正,***p<0.001。图7E是用DMSO或10μM JQAD1处理24h的稳定表达对照(zsGreen)或CRBN(CRBN)的BE2C细胞的蛋白质印迹。对细胞裂解物进行EP300、CBP和CRBN的蛋白质印迹法。肌动蛋白显示为上样对照。数据代表三种独立的处理和分析。图7F是在用于细胞生长的Cell-Titer分析之前用DMSO或10μM JQAD1处理6天的稳定表达对照(ZsGreen)或CRBN(CRBN)的BE2C细胞的标绘图。将数据针对BE2C-zsGreen、DMSO处理的细胞进行归一化。通过比较BE2C-CRBN DMSO和JQAD1处理的细胞的学生t检验,***p=0.008。n=3个生物学重复。
图8A-图8N是显示EP300和CBP表达在神经母细胞瘤中高度相关并且EP300是神经母细胞瘤细胞存活所需的一组蛋白质印迹和标绘图。图8A是用靶向EP300(EP300-1,2)、CBP(CBP-1,2)或对照(ch2.2,LACZ)的sgRNA感染的表达Cas9的BE2C细胞的蛋白质印迹。数据代表三种独立的sgRNA感染和裂解物。图8B是在原发性神经母细胞瘤肿瘤样品中鉴别的EP300和CBP mRNA表达的标绘图。n=649,从R2基因组浏览器,Kocak神经母细胞瘤数据集检索的数据(Kocak等Cell Death Dis 4:e586(2013))。图8C是神经母细胞瘤细胞系中EP300、CBP和CRBN表达的蛋白质印迹。总H3显示为上样对照。数据代表三种独立的裂解物。图8D是如Nusinow等,Cell 180:387-402(2020)中所述的从DepMap门户检索的EP300和CBP的质谱来源的蛋白质表达的标绘图。N=375个癌细胞系。图8E是如Ghandi等Nature 569:503-8(2019)中所述的跨癌细胞系百科全书(n=1371)的CBP和EP300的表达(TPM)的标绘图。图8F-图8H是用一定范围浓度的组合的EP300/CBP抑制剂(C646、CBP30和A485)处理的BE2C(图8F)、NB69(图8G)和NGP(图8H)细胞的集落形成测定的一组标绘图。每个数据点n=3次独立处理。图8I-图8K是用DMSO、A485、C646或CBP30处理24h的BE2C(图8I)、Kelly(图8J)、NGP(图8K)细胞的PI-流式细胞术分析的一组标绘图。每个细胞系n=3次独立处理。*p<0.05。A485以500nm(Kelly)、1μM(BE2C、NGP)使用。CBP30以1μM(Kelly、BE2C)、2.5μM(NGP)使用。C646以2.5μM(Kelly)、5μM(BE2C、NGP)使用。图8L-图8M是用表达靶向EP300(EP300-1,2)、CBP(CBP-1,2)或对照(ch2.2,LACZ)的sgRNA的慢病毒感染5天的表达Cas9的Kelly(图8L)和BE2C(图8M)细胞的PI-流式细胞术分析的一组标绘图。n=3次独立感染和流动分析。*p<0.05。图8N是在裂解之前用DMSO或A485(BE2C 1μM,Kelly 500nM)处理7天的BE2C和Kelly NB细胞的蛋白质印迹。数据代表三种独立的裂解物和印迹。
图9A-图9K是显示EP300通过与CRC成员TFAP2β的物理相互作用被募集到CRC基因座的一组热图、标绘图、ChIP-seq轨迹和蛋白质印迹。图A是Kelly NB细胞中EP300和CBP的ChIP-seq的热图(通过EP300:CBP结合的比率分级)。数据代表两个细胞系Kelly和BE2C。图9B是Kelly细胞中的EP300、H3K27ac和CRC转录因子结合位点的并集处核心调控回路因子的ATAC-seq以及ChIP-seq的全基因组热图,通过MYCN结合分级。数据代表两个细胞系Kelly和BE2C。图9C是证实EP300和CBP在核心调控回路基因座和由典型增强子(上图)和超级增强子(下图)标记的其他神经母细胞瘤相关基因座处的结合的Kelly细胞的一组ChIP-seq轨迹。数据代表Kelly和BE2C细胞。图9D是BE2C细胞中前500个独特EP300和CBP峰下富集的基序的曲线下面积分析标绘图。箭头指示Kelly和BE2C细胞系两者中在EP300峰下富集的对应于TFAP213的基序。图9E是ROC曲线下面积(AUROC)分析中对应于已知转录因子的富集序列的一组位置权重矩阵。图9F是在来自核裂解物的H3K27ac的共免疫沉淀和质谱分析后,在Kelly和BE2C细胞两者中鉴别的35种蛋白质的分布标绘图。正常兔IgG作为阴性对照免疫沉淀。数据代表在各具有两个独立的共-IP-质谱反应的Kelly和BE2C细胞两者中鉴别的蛋白质。图9G是Kelly NB细胞中EP300和CBP的免疫沉淀-蛋白质印迹数据。WCL=全细胞裂解物。IgG=同种型匹配的兔IgG对照。数据代表三个独立的印迹。图9H是用表达针对TFAP213(TFAP213-1-4)或对照基因座(ch2.2,LACZ)的sgRNA的慢病毒感染的表达Cas9的Kelly NB细胞的蛋白质印迹。数据代表三个独立的印迹。图9I-图9J是用表达针对GATA3(GATA3-1,2)(图9I)、HAND2(HAND2-1,2)(图9J)或对照基因座(ch2.2,LACZ)的sgRNA的慢病毒感染的表达Cas9的Kelly NB细胞的一组蛋白质印迹。数据代表三个独立的印迹。图9K是用表达针对TFAP213(TFAP213-1,2)或对照基因座(ch2.2,LACZ)的sgRNA的慢病毒感染的表达Cas9的NGP细胞的PI-流式细胞术的标绘图。n=3次独立感染和PI-流式分析。*与对照相比,p<0.0.5。
图10A-图10N是显示(R,S)-JQAD1是抑制NB细胞生长的选择性CRBN依赖性EP300降解剂的一组标绘图和蛋白质印迹。图10A-图10C是Kelly(图10A)、NGP(图10B)和SIMA(图10C)NB细胞在6天后响应于(S,S)-JQAD1、(R,S)-JQAD1和(R,S)-A485的剂量-活力测量的一组标绘图。通过Cell-Titer测定解析数据,并且n=每个时间点和剂量的3次独立测量。图10D-图10F是Kelly(图10D)、NGP(图10E)和SIMA(图10F)NB细胞在6天的处理中响应于DMSO、(S,S)-JQAD1、(R,S)-JQAD1和(R,S)-A485的一组生长曲线标绘图。所用的化合物剂量为1μM(Kelly)、2.5μM(NGP)和1μM(SIMA)。通过Cell-Titer测定解析数据,并且n=每个时间点和剂量的3次独立测量。图10G是在裂解之前用(R,S)-JQAD1和(S,S)-JQAD1处理24h的Kelly NB细胞的蛋白质印迹。数据代表三个独立的蛋白质印迹。图10H是在裂解之前用JQAD1处理0到48h的NGP和SIMA细胞的时程的蛋白质印迹。(R,S)-JQAD1以2.5μM(NGP)和1μM(SIMA)使用。数据代表三个独立的蛋白质印迹。*表示切割的聚[ADP-核糖]聚合酶1(PARP1)。图10I是用靶向CRBN(CRBN-1,3)或对照基因座(ch2.2,LACZ)的sgRNA感染的稳定表达Cas9的Kelly细胞和所建立的敲除细胞池的蛋白质印迹。用针对CRBN的抗体进行蛋白质印迹法。数据代表三个独立的蛋白质印迹。图10J-图10K是用一定范围剂量的JQAD1(图10J)或A485(图10K)处理七天的Kelly-Cas9对照或CRBN敲除细胞的测定的一组标绘图。每个剂量及时间点n=3个独立重复。图10L是用DMSO或(R,S)-JQAD1以500nM处理24h的Kelly-Cas9对照(ch2.2,LACZ)和CRBN敲除细胞的蛋白质印迹。数据代表三种独立的处理和裂解物。*表示切割的PARP1。图10M是用DMSO、A485(10μM)、泊马度胺(20μM)、硼替佐米(Bortezomib)(2.5nM)或MLN4924(1μM)预处理4h、之后用DMSO或JQAD1(500nM)处理48h的Kelly细胞的蛋白质印迹。数据代表三个独立的印迹。图10N是用DMSO(白色)、(R,S)-A485(蓝色)或(R,S)-JQAD1(红色)处理0、24和48h的Kelly(顶部)、NGP(中间)和SIMA(底部)细胞中G1、S和G2/M细胞周期阶段的PI-流式细胞术的一组标绘图。处理为500nm(Kelly)、1μM(NGP)和1μM(SIMA)。数据是n>3个独立流动实验的总结。通过ANOVA与事后多重比较校正,与0h对照相比,***q<0.001,**q<0.01,*q<0.05。
图11A-图11B是显示JQAD1引起凋亡和核心调控回路基因座增强子乙酰化损失的一组ChIP-seq轨迹和蛋白质印迹。图11A是用2.5μM JQAD1、A485或DMSO对照处理12、24和36h的NGP NB细胞的蛋白质印迹。数据代表三种独立的处理和分析。图11B是在核心调控回路因子基因座处用(R,S)-JQAD1以500nM处理0和24h的Kelly细胞的一组代表性基因轨迹。数据代表两次独立处理和ChIP-seq实验。
图12A-图12D是显示JQAD1在体内有效且具有有限毒性的一组标绘图和免疫组织化学图像。图12A是JQAD1在CD1小鼠中以10mg/Kg单次腹膜内给药后的药物代谢动力学分析的标绘图。半衰期=13.3(+/-3.37),Cmax=7μM。n=3只小鼠。图12B是JQAD1在CD1小鼠中以增加的剂量每日给药的标绘图,其展示对动物体重没有作用。每组n=3只动物,进行连续重量测量。图12C是用媒介物或JQAD1以40mg/Kg IP每天治疗持续21天并且每天测量它们的体重的Balb/c CRBNILE391VAL-人源化敲入小鼠的标绘图(每个处理组n=3只小鼠)。图12D是福尔马林固定的小鼠肝组织切片的一组免疫组织化学图像,所述组织切片用苏木精和伊红染色以评估JQAD1的可能毒性和其对EP300和CBP的表达水平的作用。在14天治疗后处死每个处理组的三只小鼠。数据代表每次处理的三只独立动物(媒介物、JQAD1)。比例尺=50μm。
具体实施方式
本发明基于以下令人惊讶的发现:E1A结合蛋白质(EP300)而不是其旁系同源物CREB结合蛋白质(CBP)是调控高风险神经母细胞瘤(NB)中的关键增强子所必需的。EP300是NB中的增强子调控依赖物,其通过与转录因子活化蛋白质2B(TFAP2β)(高风险NB的谱系定义的核心调控回路的成员)相互作用被募集到DNA。通过蛋白水解靶向嵌合体JQAD1对EP300的靶向药理学降解导致高风险NB中组蛋白乙酰化的整体损失。EP300的降解部分地由于MYCN染色质定位的损失而驱动凋亡,并且对未转化的细胞具有有限的毒性。功能基因组和化学分析揭示了在许多类型的人癌症中对EP300的广泛依赖性,所述癌症例如骨髓瘤、淋巴瘤、黑色素瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、结肠癌、直肠癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、脑癌和胰腺癌。
高风险神经母细胞瘤
高风险NB是来源于原始神经嵴细胞的外周交感神经系统的儿童肿瘤,并且其具有差的存活率。这些神经内分泌肿瘤的特征在于致癌MYC家族成员的高表达。(Matthay等Nat.Rev.Dis.Primers 2:16078(2016);Zimmerman等Cancer Discov.8:320-35(2018))。MYCN是在MYCN扩增的NB中建立细胞命运的转录因子(TF)的正前馈自动调控环路的不可缺少的成员。该组TF被称为核心调控回路(CRC),并且每个成员由对于NB活力关键所需的超级增强子(SE)基因调控。Myc家族癌基因驱动肿瘤生长的一种机制是通过侵入基因增强子并募集转录和表观遗传机制(Zeid等Nat.Genet.50:515-23(2018))。已显示SE介导的转录起始和延伸的组合药理学抑制在体外和体内快速破坏NB CRC,导致转录崩溃和凋亡(Durbin等Nat.Genet.50:1240-6(2018))。
尽管有NB的大规模筛查不显著改善患者的结果的事实,但近年来在NB疗法方面已取得了一些成功(Arakwa等J.Pediatr.165:855-7(2014))。NB在不同受试者中生长并且对治疗反应不同。根据国际神经母细胞瘤风险组(International Neuroblastoma RiskGroup,INRG)分类系统,将NB归类为4个类别中的1个:极低风险、低风险、中风险或高风险。虽然患有低风险和中风险神经母细胞瘤的患者具有有利的预后和超过90%的优异的五年存活率,但在大约60%的病例中检测到的高风险神经母细胞瘤(HR-NB)的预后仍然是不利的(Kholodenko等J.Immunol.Res.2018:7394268(2018))。尽管进行了积极的多模式疗法,但五年存活率仍低于50%(Whittle等Expert Rev.Anticancer.Ther.17:369-86(2017))。神经母细胞瘤疗法的标准方法具有强烈的副作用,包括对内脏器官的严重损害、贫血、对生育力的影响和脱发。化学疗法、放射疗法和手术方法表现出对疾病治疗晚期阶段特别低的功效,并且它们不能解决最小残余疾病的问题,这是后续复发的原因(Kholodenko等J.Immunol.Res.2018:7394268(2018))。
EP300和CBP
EP300和CBP是旁系同源的多结构域蛋白质乙酰基转移酶,其具有由蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用和催化乙酰基转移活性介导的广泛细胞功能(Dancy和Cole,Chem.Rev.115:2419-52(2015))。这些蛋白质在多种人癌症中独立地突变或易位,并且许多研究已鉴别这些蛋白质在未转化的细胞类型中的不同但重叠的活性,所述细胞类型包括胚胎和造血干细胞以及更分化的成纤维细胞和T细胞(Kasper等Mol.Cell.Biol.26:789-809(2006);Liu等Nat.Med.19:1173-7(2013);Rebel等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 99:14789-94(2002);Sen等Mol.Cell.73:684-98(2019);Yao等Cell93:361-72(1998))。EP300和CBP在整个基因组中展示重叠但不同的结合模式,表明这些蛋白质在转录调控中仅展现出部分功能冗余(Martire等BMC Mol.Cell.Biol.21:55(2020);Ramos等Nucleic Acids Res.38:5396-5408(2010))。由于这些蛋白质之间、尤其是在HAT和布罗莫结构域(bromodomain)中的高度同源性,因此难以设计对这些蛋白质中的任一种具有选择性的小分子抑制剂。为此,研究已证实,EP300在CBP突变失活的细胞系中展现出合成致死性(Ogiwara等Cancer Discov.6:430-45(2016))。然而,这两种酶在大多数细胞系和原代组织中表达,使得难以区分这两种蛋白质的功能。
示例性EP300氨基酸序列以NCBI保藏号NP_001349772,版本NP_001349772.1提供,如下所示(SEQ ID NO:1):
示例性EP300核酸序列以NCBI保藏号NM_001362843,版本NM_001362843.2提供,如下所示(SEQ ID NO:2):
示例性CBP氨基酸序列以NCBI保藏号XP_011520683,版本XP_011520683.1提供,如下所示(SEQ ID NO:3):
示例性CBP核酸序列以NCBI保藏号XM_011522381,版本XM_011522381.2提供,如下所示(SEQ ID NO:4):
小脑蛋白(CRBN)
人CRBN是442个氨基酸的E3泛素连接酶,其表观分子量为约51kDa。CRBN含有不具有保守的Walker A和Walker B基序的ATP依赖性Lon蛋白酶结构域的N末端部分(从氨基酸81到317的237个氨基酸)、11个酪蛋白质激酶II磷酸化位点、4个蛋白质激酶C磷酸化位点、1个N连接的糖基化位点和2个肉豆蔻酰化位点。
CRBN在睾丸、脾、前列腺、肝、胰腺、胎盘、肾、肺、骨骼肌、卵巢、小肠、外周血白细胞、结肠、脑和视网膜中广泛表达,并且位于细胞质、细胞核和质膜(例如外周膜)中。(Chang等Int.J.Biochem.Mol.Biol.2:287-94(2011))。小脑蛋白是E3泛素连接酶,并且它与受损的DNA结合蛋白质1(DDB1)、Cullin-4A(CUL4A)和cullin调控物1(ROC1)形成复合物。该复合物还使许多其他蛋白质泛素化。靶蛋白质的小脑蛋白泛素化导致成纤维细胞生长因子8(FGF8)和成纤维细胞生长因子10(FGF10)的水平增加。FGF8进而调控许多发育过程,诸如肢体和听泡形成。
示例性CRBN氨基酸序列以NCBI保藏号XP_011532093,版本XP_011532093.1提供,如下所示(SEQ ID NO:5):
示例性CRBN核酸序列以NCBI保藏号XM_011533791,版本XM_011533791.3提供,如下所示(SEQ ID NO:6):
高风险NB生长需要EP300。
高风险神经母细胞瘤需要一组147个基因来存活(Durbin等Nat.Genet.50:1240-6(2018))。这些基因中的一个是组蛋白乙酰基转移酶EP300,而不是其旁系同源物CBP,这是令人惊讶的,因为EP300经常与CBP是冗余的(Dancy和Cole,Chem.Rev.115:2419-52(2015))。EP300和CBP两者都使组蛋白H3的Lys-27残基乙酰化(H3K27ac),这是与活性基因转录相关的标记(Dancy和Cole,Chem.Rev.115:2419-52(2015);Durbin等Nat.Genet.50:1240-46(2018))。有趣的是,与CBP相比,EP300似乎在神经母细胞瘤中是唯一需要的。因此,研究这两种基因在一组代表性神经母细胞瘤细胞系中的相对表达和依赖性。首先,使用DepMap全外显子组聚簇规则间隔短回文重复(CRISPR)-CRISPR相关蛋白质9(Cas9)缺失数据集在19个高风险神经母细胞瘤细胞系中检查EP300或CBP的相对依赖性(Meyers等Nat.Genet.49:1779-84(2017))。在该组神经母细胞瘤细胞系中对EP300和CBP的依赖性的概率的检查证实,大多数细胞系需要EP300用于细胞生长(图1A)。有趣的是,在对EP300具有高水平依赖性的四个细胞系中,还观察到对CBP的依赖性,表明每种蛋白质对于促进不同基因亚组的表达都是必不可少的(图1A)。另外四个细胞系不依赖于EP300或CBP,潜在地表明这两种乙酰基转移酶在这些细胞系中的冗余性(图1A)。为了扩展这些发现,在两种MYCN扩增的NB细胞系(Kelly和BE2C)中进行CRISPR-Cas9介导的EP300和CBP的敲除(图1B、图8A)。尽管EP300和CBP两者在这两个细胞系中高度表达,但EP300的损失引起H3K27ac表达的极大损失,而CBP的损失具有最小的作用,类似于对照单向导RNA(sgRNA),表明这些细胞系中大多数增强子和启动子依赖于EP300来催化H3K27ac。此外,MYCN的表达(其在MYCN扩增的神经母细胞瘤中是众所周知的依赖性)几乎完全依赖于EP300而不依赖于CBP(图1B、图8A)。因此,EP300的CRISPR-Cas9失活显著减少了每个细胞系中的集落形成,而CBP失活则没有(图1C)。由EP300 CRISPR敲除细胞形成的残余集落不表达在含有向导RNA的载体中共表达的绿色荧光蛋白质(GFP),表明它们代表未被含有靶向EP300的向导RNA的载体感染的细胞。
对原发性神经母细胞瘤中EP300和CBP信使RNA(mRNA)表达的分析揭示了表达水平的正相关(图8B)。此外,对原发性神经母细胞瘤肿瘤中可公开获得的测序数据的分析证实EP300或CBP的突变在人高风险神经母细胞瘤中是罕见的,包括失活突变(例如,无义或移码突变)(Zhou等Nat.Genet.48:4-6(2016))。通过蛋白质印迹法,EP300和CBP水平在一组神经母细胞瘤细胞系中通常彼此类似(图8C)。在癌细胞系百科全书(CCLE)蛋白质组学和mRNA表达数据集中对癌细胞系的分析还显示了EP300和CBP在RNA和蛋白质水平两者下的相关表达水平,包括来自患有神经母细胞瘤的患者的细胞系(红色),表明这些发现涉及多个肿瘤谱系(图8D-图8E)。
为了使用小分子探针测试遗传发现,我们接着用EP300和CBP的已知组合抑制剂进行NB细胞的集落形成测定,所述组合抑制剂包括靶向HAT结构域的两种抑制剂-A485和C646以及靶向布罗莫结构域的抑制剂-CBP30(Lasko等Nature 550:128-32(2017);Yan等J.Invest.Dermatol.133:2444-52(2013);Hammitzsch等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.112:10768-73(2015))。已知这些抑制剂在两种HAT之间是非选择性的。在多种NB细胞系中,减少神经母细胞瘤集落形成的最强效化合物是HAT结构域抑制剂A485(图1D、图8F-图8H)。EP300/CBP与A485的组合抑制在24小时内引起G1细胞周期停滞(图8I-图8K),类似于敲除EP300而非CBP的作用(图8L-图8M)。延长处理7天导致H3K27Ac修饰的整体损失、MYCN表达的损失以及指示凋亡性细胞死亡的切割的半胱天冬酶3和聚[ADP-核糖]聚合酶1(PARP1)的诱导(图8N)。因此,抑制EP300和CBP两者的HAT活性损害细胞周期进程和细胞存活。遗传研究表明,这归因于大多数MYCN扩增的神经母细胞瘤细胞系的生长和存活对EP300而不是CBP的依赖性。
EP300通过结合到TFAP2β来促进NB肾上腺素能CRC驱动的转录。
接着,研究MYCN扩增的神经母细胞瘤细胞系的生长需要EP300而不是CBP的机制。核心调控回路(CRC)转录因子(TF)被鉴别为在确定神经母细胞瘤中的细胞命运方面至关重要,并且由组蛋白H3K27ac的广泛延伸来标记和调控(Boeva等Nat.Genet.49:1408-13(2017);Durbin等Nat.Genet.50:1240-46(2018);van Groningen等Nat.Genet.49:1261-6(2017))。该分析揭示了肾上腺素能亚型NB的主转录因子包括HAND2、ISL1、PHOX2B、GATA3、TBX2和ASCL1。因此,还研究了EP300与NB CRC驱动的基因表达程序协作的机制。使用用于检索相互作用基因/蛋白质的搜索工具(Search Tool for the Retrieval of InteractingGenes/Proteins)(STRING)数据库对所有表达的核神经母细胞瘤依赖性基因进行相互作用分析(Szklarczyk等Nucleic Acids Res.43:D447-52(2015))。该分析证实在富集CRC转录因子的基因的密集相互作用网络中发现EP300(图2A)(Durbin等Nat.Genet.50:1240-6(2018);Wang等Nat.Commun.10:5622(2019))。为了理解EP300和CBP的全基因组结合模式,在两个单独的MYCN扩增的神经母细胞瘤细胞系(BE2C和Kelly)中使用识别H3K27ac、EP300和CBP的抗体进行与大规模平行高通量测序耦合的染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP-seq)实验(图2B、图9A)。还将这与来自两个细胞系的转座酶可接近染色质测定测序(ATAC-seq)数据进行比较。结合的全基因组热图分析证实EP300展示出与H3K27ac类似的结合模式(图2B、图2A)。相比之下,CBP结合表现出不同的模式,其中在被EP300最密集占据的区域以及许多耗尽EP300的区域处富集(图2B、图2A)。结果显示EP300主要结合以H3K27ac为标志并且通过ATAC测序可接近转座酶的活性增强子(图2B、图2A)。接着,为了检查EP300在调控神经母细胞瘤细胞中的基因表达程序中的重要性,用先前定义的神经母细胞瘤CRC转录因子的靶标测定EP300的共定位程度(图2C、图9B)。通过MYCN的结合分级的全基因组热图分析证实EP300展示出与每个CRC TF类似的结合模式(图2C、图9B)。由密集H3K27ac信号标记的特定CRC TF编码基因座处的EP300和CBP结合的特异性评价证实EP300与CRC转录因子在由所有CRC成员结合的位点处的共定位(图2D、图9C,红色轨迹)。相比之下,CBP在CRC转录因子的基因座处最低限度地富集(图2D、图9C,绿色轨迹)。这些数据表明EP300而不是CBP优先跨基因组定位在密集富集CRC因子结合的开放染色质位点,包括控制肾上腺素能CRC基因本身的增强子和构成NB细胞中肾上腺素能CRC的扩展调控网络的基因的增强子内的位点(Durbin等Nat.Genet.50:1240-6(2018))。
EP300和CBP两者都缺乏序列特异性DNA结合活性,并且需要与DNA结合因子缔合以实现基因座特异性结合(Song等Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.296:118-24(2002))。因此,研究了EP300靶向与CRC增强子相关的染色质基因座的机制。为了鉴别在NB细胞中参与EP300募集到DNA的蛋白质,在Kelly和BE2C NB细胞系中进行由EP300或CBP结合的前500个峰的基序富集分析。与指示EP300蛋白质与若干TF形成相互作用以使更高级的增强体结构成核的先前证据一致,该分析证实优先与EP300或CBP结合相关的若干转录因子共有结合基序的富集(图2E-图2F、图9D-图9E)(He等Nucleic Acids Res.39:4464-74(2011))。在两个细胞系中,在EP300结合峰下选择性地富集两个基序,对应于转录因子(GATA3和TFAP2β)的共有结合序列(图2E-图2F、图9D-图9E)。为了验证这些转录因子与H3K27ac标记的染色质相关,接着进行Kelly和BE2C细胞的核提取物的H3K27ac的共免疫沉淀,之后对分离的蛋白质进行质谱分析。如所预期的,在Kelly和BE2C细胞两者中均检测到与H3K27ac共免疫沉淀的对应于EP300和CBP的肽。然而,该实验还鉴别出四种转录因子(包括GATA3和TFAP2β)在两个细胞系中与H3K27ac标记的核小体物理相互作用(表3、实施例5和图9F)。GATA3是高风险NB细胞的CRC的已知成员(Boeva等Nat.Genet.49:1408-13(2017);Durbin等Nat.Genet.50:1240-6(2018))。TFAP2β已被鉴别为可能的CRC成员,因为它是通常由超级增强子调控的NB中的转录因子依赖性物(Boeva等Nat.Genet.49:1408-13(2017);van Groningen等Nat.Genet.49:1261-6(2017);Durbin等Nat.Genet.50:1240-6(2018))。使用针对TFAP2β的新抗体,进行用于TFAP2β结合的ChIP-seq,并且结果显示TFAP2β结合到超级增强子并调控CRC的其他成员(图2B-图2C、图9B-图9C)。因此,TFAP2β代表MYCN扩增的NB细胞中肾上腺素能核心调控回路的新鉴别的成员。
因为EP300结合在含有GATA3和TFAP2β基序的位点处富集,并且所有这些蛋白质都结合到H3K27ac标记的染色质,因此然后研究EP300与GATA3和TFAP2β的物理缔合。在KellyNB细胞中进行EP300和CBP的免疫沉淀,之后进行TFAPβ和GATA3的蛋白质印迹法,证实EP300而不是CBP与TFAPβ和较小程度的GATA3两者物理相互作用(图2G、图9G)。另外,Kelly细胞中TFAP2β的相互共免疫沉淀证实EP300蛋白质而不是CBP的存在(图9G)。为了确定这些转录因子是否能够控制EP300的定位,在Kelly NB细胞中进行TFAP2β或GATA3的基于CRISPR-Cas9的敲除(图2H、图9H-图9I)。作为对照,还进行了在EP300峰下不展示选择性基序富集的CRC因子HAND2的敲除研究(图9J)。敲除TFAP2β后第5天,观察到TFAP2β和H3K27ac表达水平的损失,而对EP300或CBP的表达水平没有影响(图2H、图9H)。相比之下,GATA3或HAND2的敲除对H3K27ac的水平没有影响(图9I-图9J)。与EP300的敲除一样,TFAP2β的敲除也导致Kelly和NGP NB细胞中的G1细胞周期停滞(图2I、图9K)。因此,这些数据表明EP300在神经母细胞瘤中通过与CRC转录因子TFAP2β的物理相互作用而靶向DNA。
EP300由蛋白水解靶向嵌合体
JQAD1选择性降解。
目前可用并抑制EP300的HAT活性的所有小分子也以几乎等同的Kd抑制CBP的HAT活性(Dancy和Cole,Chem.Rev.115:2419-52(2015);Hammitzsch等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.112:10768-73(2015);Lasko等Nature 550:128-32(2017);Yan等J.Invest.Dermatol.133:2444-52(2013))。这包括A485,其为迄今为止开发的最高效且特异性的HAT抑制化合物(Lasko等Nature 550:128-32(2017);Michaelides等ACSMed.Chem.Lett.9:28-33(2018))。在神经母细胞瘤中选择性地靶向EP300的一种方法可能是破坏TFAP2β和EP300之间的相互作用,然而,像这样的策略通常难以实施(综述于Wimalasena等Mol.Cell.78:1086-95(2020)中)。最近,有证据表明,开发选择性化合物的替代方法可以是通过开发称为的小分子降解剂。是异双功能小分子,其结合靶蛋白质并介导靶蛋白质和E3连接酶受体之间的三元复合物的形成(综述于Burslem和Crews,Cell 181:102-14(2020)中)。由和靶蛋白质形成的三元复合物桥接到E2泛素连接酶,该E2泛素连接酶使靶蛋白质聚泛素化并将其引导到蛋白酶体进行降解和再循环(Burslem和Crews,Cell 181:102-14(2020))。为此,已报道降解分子A485,其使用靶向EP300和CBP的布罗莫结构域的诱饵分子来无差别地降解这些蛋白质(Vannam等Cell Chem Biol,28:503-14.e12(2020))。然而,由于A485是神经母细胞瘤细胞中最强效的小分子抑制剂,并且在靶向这些蛋白质的所有小分子中对EP300和CBP具有最低的KD值,因此测试了使用A485作为诱饵分子的小分子降解剂的活性(图3A)(Lasko等Nature 550:128-32(2017))。EP300的HAT结构域与CRBN的免疫调节性酰亚胺药物(iMiD)结合区域之间的相互作用的计算结构建模指示A485与E3连接酶之间的最佳接头长度将为8-12个碳。因此,设计并合成含有在A485分子内发现的两个手性中心和12碳连接链的化合物JQAD1(图3,方案1)(Michaelides等ACS Med.Chem.Lett.9:28-33(2018))。
用JQAD1的纯化的(R,S)和(S,S)立体异构体处理Kelly、NGP和SIMA(表达高水平CRBN的三种神经母细胞瘤细胞系)(图8C)。比较确认(R,S)立体异构体在完整Kelly、NGP和SIMA NB细胞中具有最低IC50浓度,并且该IC50低于亲本分子A485的IC50(图3B、图10A-图10F)。因此,除非将(S,S)立体异构体用作对照并明确指明,否则如本文所用的术语JQAD1是指化合物的更具活性的(R,S)立体异构体。
为了确定JQAD1是否与E3连接酶受体CRBN相互作用,使用平台,以使用结合到珠粒的生物素化泊马度胺和His标记的CRBN进行荧光测定(Yasgar等Methods Mol.Biol.1439:77-98(2016))。所有含iMiD的化合物(包括JQAD1和游离泊马度胺)均在测定中与CRBN有效地相互作用,而亲本化合物A485则没有(图3C)。接着,合成生物素化的JQAD1(生物素-JQAD1,方案2),并与Kelly细胞裂解物孵育,之后进行基于链霉抗生物素蛋白的纯化。经纯化裂解物的蛋白质印迹法证实存在EP300和CRBN,但令人惊讶的是不存在CBP蛋白质(图3D)。此外,用JQAD1和过量泊马度胺(用于竞争与CRBN的结合)共处理Kelly细胞裂解物导致JQAD1、CRBN和EP300之间的相互作用的部分损失,表明这三种蛋白质形成三元复合物(图3D)。令人惊讶的是,申请人发现JQAD1特异性地结合EP300,EP300是高风险神经母细胞瘤中H3K27ac的主导介质。如Burslem和Crews,Cell 181:102-14(2020)中所述,由于受限的三维相互作用,可获得对两种可能的靶酶之一的优先特异性。在这种情况下,JQAD1优先靶向EP300显然是优于现有化合物的优点,因为神经母细胞瘤细胞经常排他性地依赖于EP300,而不同谱系的正常细胞可能需要CBP,因此将通过JQAD1的特异性免于毒性。
因为JQAD1优先与EP300和CRBN两者相互作用,因此检查了在MYCN扩增的神经母细胞瘤细胞中与CBP相比JQAD1是否优先诱导EP300的降解。用JQAD1将Kelly细胞处理24小时(h)证实EP300表达的剂量依赖性降低,以及H3K27ac修饰的平行损失(图3E)。由于EP300酶活性的催化抑制,因此用A485对Kelly细胞的类似处理引起H3K27ac的损失(图3E)。用(R,S)-JQAD1和对照(S,S)-JQAD1将Kelly细胞处理24h揭示(S,S)-JQAD1对H3K27ac或EP300表达水平具有有限的作用,而(R,S)-JQAD1抑制H3K27ac和EP300两者的表达水平(图10G)。与JQAD1对EP300的特异性一致,在该时间点,两种化合物都不对CBP的表达水平具有显著作用(图10G)。为了进一步检查JQAD1对EP300的特异性,进行了JQAD1在通过细胞培养中的氨基酸进行稳定同位素标记(stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture,SILAC)标记的Kelly细胞中的作用的分析(图3F)。用含有重或轻标记的精氨酸和赖氨酸的SILAC培养基培养Kelly细胞。在核提取和蛋白质裂解之前,用500nM JQAD1处理重标记的细胞,并用二甲亚砜(DMSO)处理轻标记的细胞24h。作为对照,对未处理的重标记和轻标记的Kelly细胞进行核提取和裂解。然后通过质谱分析蛋白质丰度,以确定核蛋白质组的整体变化。在用JQAD1处理24h后,EP300蛋白质显著降低(p=3.3×10-5),而CBP和核蛋白质组内的其他蛋白质仍然以与对照类似的水平可检测到(图3F)。为了详细阐明这些发现,用JQAD处理具有高水平CRBN(例如蛋白质或mRNA)的三个NB细胞系(Kelly、NGP和SIMA)(图8C),并且通过蛋白质印迹法测量对特定蛋白质的作用。在所有三个细胞系中,JQAD1都到24h时诱导EP300表达的选择性损失,与PARP1的切割一致,发出凋亡开始的信号(图3G、图10H)。在该时间点,在所有三个细胞系中,仍然可检测到CBP。在延长处理的情况下,观察到CBP表达的损失,尽管这不能与凋亡的一般作用分开(图3G、图10H)。
JQAD1含有与E3连接酶受体CRBN相互作用的IMiD部分(图3C-图3D)。为了在遗传上证实CRBN是JQAD1介导的EP300降解和细胞效应所必需的,将CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑用于产生具有CRBN基因的稳定破坏的Kelly细胞。由对照或CRBN编辑的Kelly细胞制备的裂解物的蛋白质印迹法证实CRBN编辑的细胞中CRBN表达的损失,以及对照编辑的细胞中保留的表达(图10I)。对照编辑的Kelly细胞被JQAD1强力杀灭;然而,CRBN敲除细胞抵抗JQAD1的作用,表明CRBN表达是JQAD1生长抑制活性所必需的(图10J)。相比之下,A485等同地抑制CRBN敲除细胞和对照两者的生长(图10K),表明CRBN的损失对EP300的酶功能没有作用。此外,由用JQAD1或DMSO处理的对照和CRBN敲除Kelly细胞制备的裂解物的蛋白质印迹法证实JQAD1抑制EP300表达和H3K27ac修饰,并且在对照敲除细胞中诱导以PARP1切割为特志的凋亡,但在CRBN编辑的细胞中不诱导(图10L)。因此,CRBN是JQAD1介导的EP300降解和诱导凋亡所必需的。由于用JQAD1处理CRBN编辑的细胞对H3K27ac没有作用,因此JQAD1的结构阻止其A485部分竞争性地抑制EP300 HAT活性,并且因此充当没有催化抑制活性的纯CRBN依赖性蛋白质降解剂(图10L)。为了进一步探测参与JQAD1介导的EP300降解的途径,对用JQAD1和预测破坏JQAD1功能的其他化合物共处理的Kelly细胞进行蛋白质印迹法。通过用过量A485或IMiD(泊马度胺)或蛋白酶体抑制剂(硼替佐米)或E3泛素连接酶的类泛素化(Neddylation)抑制剂(MLN4924)共处理来阻断EP300的降解(图10M)。这些数据表明JQAD1通过结合到EP300起作用,这导致其CRBN依赖性蛋白酶体降解。
JQAD1导致EP300的强效CRBN和蛋白酶体依赖性损失和细胞死亡。为了评价JQAD1减少细胞生长的机制,用JQAD1、A485或媒介物对照处理Kelly和NGP细胞,并进行碘化丙啶DNA流式细胞术。用A485处理的细胞展示G1细胞周期停滞的表型(图10N)。然而,使用(R,S)-JQAD1降解EP300,而不是EP300和CBP两者的组合催化抑制,导致与凋亡性细胞死亡一致的subG1峰的诱导(图3H;图10I)。因此,虽然A485通过G1细胞周期停滞减缓细胞生长,但(R,S)-JQAD1通过诱导凋亡性细胞死亡而具有独特的作用。
JQAD1引起MYCN蛋白质从染色质解离。
A485和JQAD1处理的急性作用之间的一个关键差异是JQAD1诱导与EP300损失的动力学一致的细胞凋亡,而A485处理导致G1细胞周期停滞(图3G-图3I,图10H-图10N)。为了进一步证实这两种药物诱导细胞凋亡的这种差异,在蛋白质提取之前用等浓度的A485或JQAD1将Kelly和NGP细胞处理12-36h,以分析对凋亡的作用。用JQAD1处理两个细胞系导致以半胱天冬酶-3和PARP1的切割为特志的细胞凋亡的诱导。相比之下,用A485处理对这些参数几乎没有作用(图4A、图11A)。为了评价这种应答差异的潜在机制,在提取总RNA之前,用等同浓度的DMSO、JQAD1或A485将Kelly NB细胞处理24h。然后将RNA样品用外源掺标RNA归一化并用于RNA-seq分析。然后通过基因集富集(GSEA)分析比较JQAD1和A485处理的样品的RNA-seq结果。与我们的DNA流式细胞术研究一致,与A485处理的细胞相比,标志基因集的GSEA分析证实JQAD1处理的细胞中凋亡标志基因集的富集(图4B)。此外,JQAD1处理的细胞展现出促凋亡仅BH3效应物B细胞淋巴瘤2(BCL-2)样蛋白质11(BIM)、BH3相互作用结构域死亡激动剂(BID)和p53上调的凋亡调节剂(PUMA)以及促凋亡介质BCL2相关X蛋白质(BAX)和其抑制剂BCL2和骨髓细胞白血病1(MCL1)的上调,而这些mRNA中的每一种的转录物水平在A485处理的细胞中均不受影响(图4C)。这表明这些mRNA转录物通过CBP被上调,因为JQAD1特异性地影响EP300,而A485抑制两种HAT蛋白质的转录活化。
NB细胞阻抑凋亡的一种机制是通过MYCN癌蛋白的高水平表达和转录活性,有时被称为“癌基因成瘾”(综述于Gabay等Cold Spring Harb.Perspect.Med.4:a014241(2014);Huang和Weiss,Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med.3:a014415(2013)中)。此外,已知EP300和CBP通过蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用调控MYCN家族成员c-MYC蛋白质(Faiola等Mol.CellBiol.25:10220-34(2005);Vervoorts等EMBO Rep.4:484-90(2003);Zhang等Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.336:274-80(2005))。因此,假设MYCN和EP300之间可能存在类似的物理相互作用,使MYCN表达稳定。因此,在Kelly NB细胞中用靶向内源性EP300或CBP的抗体进行共免疫沉淀测定。用抗EP300抗体从Kelly核裂解物中免疫沉淀蛋白质,之后进行蛋白质印迹法,证实与MYCN蛋白质显著相关。相比之下,CBP的免疫沉淀与IgG对照一样,没有揭示与MYCN蛋白质的任何关联(图4D)。因此,在Kelly NB细胞中,EP300,而不是CBP,与MYCN癌蛋白物理相互作用。为了评价这种相互作用的功能意义,我们用DMSO或各种浓度的A485或JQAD1将Kelly NB细胞处理24h,然后分离染色质蛋白质提取物以评价与染色质相关的MYCN的存在。用A485处理的Kelly细胞直到1.0μΜ仍未显示来自染色质提取物的MYCN损失(图4E)。相比之下,用JQAD1处理以降解EP300的细胞显示EP300和染色质结合的MYCN蛋白质两者的损失(图4E)。这些数据支持以下解释:通过JQAD1使EP300降解导致染色质结合的MYCN的损失,而EP300 HAT活性的抑制不影响染色质定位。因此,与HAT酶活性分开的EP300和MYCN之间的物理相互作用将MYCN维持在染色质上,其中它有必要促进NB细胞的细胞生长并阻抑凋亡。
JQAD1引起超级增强子处富集的H3K27Ac的损失。
由于JQAD1在NB细胞系中直到48h选择性地降解EP300而对CBP的作用最小,因此使用JQAD1来评估EP300损失对全基因组H3K27ac修饰的作用。为了确定这些作用,在暴露于(R,S)-JQAD1后0到24h的时程内,在Kelly NB细胞中用识别H3K27ac的抗体进行ChIP-seq。使用掺标的黑腹果蝇染色质对这些样品进行外部归一化。所有H3K27ac标记的位点与未处理的样品的比较证实,到处理24h时,所有增强子的总体抑制为大约2倍,此时EP300被降解并且CBP被保留(图5A)。虽然较早时间点(6h)的H3K27ac信号与0h对照的比较证实乙酰化没有一致的变化,但到处理24h时,H3K27ac信号在全基因组范围内普遍损失,这在密集乙酰化的超级增强子(包括调控核心调控回路的增强子)处最明显。(图5B-图5D、图11B)。这些数据表明,Kelly细胞中的超级增强子基因座主要由EP300而不是CBP调控,因为在该时间点,EP300被降解而对CBP蛋白质表达水平没有作用(图5D、图11B)。
JQAD1是有效的,具有有限的体内毒性。
因为已显示一些基于CRBN的剂在体内引起靶蛋白质降解(综述于Burslem和Crews,Cell 181:102-14(2020)中),所以研究JQAD1是否会在人神经母细胞瘤异种移植模型中在体内主动降解EP300。首先,进行10mg/Kg单次腹膜内(IP)剂量的JQAD1后的药物代谢动力学分析,以鉴别化合物的半衰期和最大血清浓度。在10mg/Kg腹膜内给药后,JQAD1在鼠血清中的半衰期为13.3(+/-3.37SD)h,Cmax为7μM(图12A),这远高于人神经母细胞瘤细胞在体外的IC50(图8A-图8C)。然后研究鼠模型中的最大耐受剂量(MTD)。进行在CD1小鼠中以增加的剂量每天IP注射JQAD1。每天用JQAD1 IP处理耐受良好,没有动物体重减轻的迹象(图12B)。值得注意的是,在JQAD1的剂量高于40mg/Kg的情况下,在腹膜腔中观察到化合物的沉淀。因此,40mg/Kg的JQAD1被确定为在小鼠中没有明显毒性的单剂量IP施用的最大剂量。
接着,建立Kelly细胞至NOD scidγ(NSGTM)小鼠的胁腹中的皮下异种移植物,并用媒介物对照或40mg/Kg IP每天一次或两次的JQAD1治疗小鼠(图6A)。每天两次以及在更小程度上每天一次的JQAD1治疗两者都在治疗的第3天引起异种移植肿瘤生长的抑制(对于肿瘤大小,通过双因素ANOVA与事后Tukey检验,p<0.05,对于经JQAD1每天一次或每天两次治疗的肿瘤中受抑制的生长速率,通过混合效应分析与事后Tukey多重比较检验,p<0.05),以及存活的延长(与媒介物对照相比,每天一次和两次给药各自的对数秩检验,p<0.0001)(图6A-图6B)。还监测了JQAD1治疗对动物体重的作用,并且在对照动物由于肿瘤负荷而开始需要处死之前的14天治疗内维持体重(图6C)。在单独的实验中,再次用Kelly细胞异种移植NSGTM小鼠,并用媒介物对照或JQAD1以40mg/Kg每天一次治疗10天。然后处死动物,并提取肿瘤。在外部RNA对照协会(ERCC)控制的RNA-seq分析之前,将肿瘤材料固定用于免疫组织化学(IHC)分析并加工成单细胞(图6D-图6E)。与媒介物对照肿瘤相比,从用JQAD1治疗的动物回收的肿瘤展示出EP300免疫染色的损失,而CBP免疫染色保留(图6D)。此外,与媒介物对照相比,来自用JQAD1治疗的小鼠的肿瘤细胞的RNA表达谱证实与由典型增强子调控的基因相比,由超级增强子调控的基因优先下调(图6E,p<0.0001)。
与小鼠中的CrbnIle391相比,人CRBN在关键残基CRBNVal388处与小鼠不同,这对于结合、泛素化和降解关键底物是重要的,所述关键底物包括spalt样转录因子4(SALL4),其为spalt样家族发育转录因子的成员(Donovan等Elife 7:e38430(2018);Fink等Blood 132:1535-44(2018))。因此,为了更严格地评估JQAD1对鼠组织的潜在活性和毒性作用,将JQAD1以40mg/Kg IP每天施用于Balb/c CrbnILE391VAL-人源化敲入小鼠,持续21天(Fink等Blood132:1535-44(2018))。该剂量的JQAD1耐受良好,对14天治疗后进行的梳理、行为、体重、外周血细胞计数、肝功能测试或肌酐测量没有作用(表1、图12C)。在14天治疗后,每个处理组处死三只小鼠,并且提取皮肤、脑、心脏、肺、肝、脾、肾、胰腺、小肠、结肠、肾上腺和膀胱并处理用于病理学分析。由独立不知情的病理学者通过苏木精和伊红染色评价组织,以获得组织架构变化的毒性证据。这揭示组织架构或免疫浸润没有明显变化,与缺乏毒性一致。为了确认JQAD1是否在体内选择性降解EP300而不是CBP,对来自用媒介物对照或JQAD1治疗的Balb/c CrbnILE391VAL小鼠的肝组织进行针对EP300和CBP的免疫组织化学分析。该分析证实,与媒介物治疗的对照相比,JQAD1处理的动物在肝细胞核中具有降低的EP300蛋白质表达水平(图12D)。与CBP可部分补偿EP300损失的假设一致,JQAD1处理的动物在肝脏中没有展示毒性的组织学或生物化学证据,并且尽管有体内EP300损失,但CBP仍然可通过免疫组织化学检测到(图12D)。
表1.JQAD1在体内具有有限的毒性.
EP300(但不太常见地为CBP)与MYCN和肾上腺素能CRC的每个成员一起被鉴别为神经母细胞瘤中的依赖物(Durbin等Nat.Genet.50:1240-6(2018))。由于EP300催化H3K27ac标记,因此假设EP300可能优先负责CRC主转录因子的高水平表达。因为JQAD1优先降解EP300(在超级增强子处看到的主要催化H3K27ac的HAT),所以推断用JQAD1治疗可能对CRC中基因的表达水平具有主要作用。因此,比较了每天给予JQAD1持续14天对若干不同类别mRNA的表达水平的作用,包括由典型增强子、超级增强子和所有TF以及编码CRC成员的TF调控的那些(图6E)。该比较揭示,与其他类别中的基因相比,CRC基因以及MYCN是用JQAD1治疗的肿瘤中下调最多的基因之一。这些结果证实,JQAD1处理显著下调了编码包含CRC的转录因子的非常重要的基因亚组的表达,所述基因包括MYCN,其为神经母细胞瘤细胞中的显性癌基因,并且是神经母细胞瘤细胞生长和存活所依赖的基因(Durbin等Nat.Genet.50:1240-6(2018);Pugh等Nat.Genet.45:279-84 2013;Zeid等Nat Genet 50:515-23(2018))。
JQAD1在癌细胞系中具有广泛的抗肿瘤活性。
表观遗传和增强子介导的对基因表达的控制是正常细胞和组织发育过程所必需的,并且在不同的癌症亚型中失调(综述于Bradner等Cancer.Cell 168:629-43(2017);Wimalasena等Mol Cell 78:1086-95(2020))。在神经母细胞瘤细胞中,EP300是H3K27ac的主导控制物,除了转录活性之外,还表示活性启动子和增强子。因此,假设在其他癌症亚型中也可能存在对EP300或CBP的优先依赖性。因此,使用DepMap基因组规模CRISPR-Cas9功能丧失筛选数据集检查所有可用细胞系对EP300或CBP的相对依赖性(Meyers等Nat.Genet.49:1779-84(2017))。在代表36个不同肿瘤谱系的总共757个人癌细胞系中对EP300和CBP的依赖性概率的比较证实在许多癌细胞系中比CBP更高的对EP300的依赖性概率(p<0.0001,图7A)。因此,将DepMap中的所有细胞系按肿瘤谱系分层,并检查每个谱系中对EP300和CBP的依赖性的概率。通过该分析,与CBP相比,许多肿瘤谱系展示出对EP300的依赖性的增强的概率(图7B)。与EP300相比,很少的肿瘤细胞谱系,主要是甲状腺癌、胰腺癌和子宫颈癌展示出对CBP的增强的依赖性(图7B)。
因为许多肿瘤谱系对EP300的依赖性概率高于CBP的依赖性概率,所以评估了JQAD1是否将在多个肿瘤谱系中展示抗肿瘤作用。分析了在Broad Institute用557个癌细胞系进行的汇集和形码化的5天细胞活力PRISM筛选中对JQAD1的应答(图7C)(Corsello等Nat.Cancer 1:235-48(2020))。这些结果证实,JQAD1处理在多种肿瘤谱系中具有抗肿瘤活性,其中许多肿瘤谱系展示出与CBP相比对EP300的增强的依赖性。在大多数肿瘤谱系内,一些示例性细胞系展示出在JQAD1处理下的生长抑制(曲线下面积(AUC)<0.85)(图7C)。由于来自多个谱系的细胞系展示出在JQAD1处理下的生长抑制,因此评估了是否可确定JQAD1活性的预测因子。因此,进行用JQAD1处理的所有细胞系的RNA表达谱的分析。与其作用机制一致,CRBN的较高表达水平与较高的JQAD1介导的抗肿瘤活性相关,如通过JQAD1剂量响应的较低AUC测量所反映的(图7D)。这表明JQAD1活性至少部分地由CRBN表达水平确定,这与JQAD1要求CRBN靶向EP300进行降解一致。
为了进一步研究这一要求,假设增加JQAD1抗性细胞中CRBN的表达水平可导致敏感性的恢复。因此,检查展示较低CRBN蛋白质表达的BE2C神经母细胞瘤细胞对JQAD1的应答(图10C)。确立具有稳定过表达CRBN的BE2C细胞(BE2C-CRBN)或作为对照的zsGreen的BE2C细胞(BE2C-ZsGreen),然后用DMSO或JQAD1处理细胞(图7E)。在BE2C-CRBN细胞中用JQAD1处理24h内,EP300降解,而对照细胞中EP300的表达不受影响(图7E)。与这些结果一致,BE2C-CRBN细胞的生长受到JQAD1处理抑制,而未处理的BE2C-CRBN细胞以与用DMSO或JQAD1处理的BE2C-zsGreen细胞类似的速率生长(图7F)。因此,JQAD1不敏感的BE2C细胞中的CRBN过表达足以恢复对化合物JQAD1的敏感性。这些数据强调,在不同细胞模型中使用降解剂的两个重要考虑因素包括单个细胞系对靶标的依赖性,以及机制的关键组分(诸如CRBN)的表达水平。
总之,这些数据表明,与CBP相比,除了神经母细胞瘤之外的癌细胞也展示出对EP300的增强的依赖性,并且JQAD1代表了利用这种增强的依赖性的潜在方法,尤其是在具有升高的CRBN表达水平的个体肿瘤中。
在本文中证实了在大多数儿童神经母细胞瘤中对EP300而不是对CBP的选择性依赖性的基础。还证实,在神经母细胞瘤的肾上腺素能亚型中,AP2家族转录因子TFAP2β是核心调控回路的与其余CRC因子一起全基因组共结合的关键成员。核心调控回路是谱系定义的自身调控性转录因子网络,其建立了不同类型细胞的转录全貌(landscape)(Boyer等Cell122:947-56(2005);Durbin等Nat.Genet.50:1240-6(2018);Saint-André等GenomeRes.26:385-96(2016);Sanda等Cancer Cell 22:209-21(2012);Wang等Nat.Commun.10:5622(2019))。EP300和CBP不识别序列特异性DNA基序,因此依赖于转录因子来将它们定位于它们的靶增强子。重要的是,TFAP2β特异性结合EP300,而不是CBP,确立了对EP300的依赖性的基础。因此,TFAP2β在增强子处与EP300特异性缔合,所述增强子形成跨基因组的肾上腺素能NB CRC的扩展调控网络,包括在该亚型的神经母细胞瘤中建立恶性细胞状态的基因网络。因此,TFAP2β的损失导致神经母细胞瘤细胞中由EP300催化的CRC相关超级增强子上H3K27ac标记的损失,从而将TFAP2β鉴别为EP300定位于关键超级增强子的主导介质。这种机制通过与新颖CRC转录因子TFAP2β的物理相互作用募集EP300,直接调控神经母细胞瘤中的谱系特异性和致癌基因座。这种功能不能通过CBP实现,因为它不与TFAP2β或实际上不与肾上腺素能CRC的其他转录因子物理相互作用。除了转录因子之外,核心调控回路的其他元件(包括增强子RNA和接头蛋白质,诸如LDB1和LMO1)也是该调控复合物的整体部件(Sanda等Cancer Cell 22:209-21(2012);Suzuki等Cell168:1000-14(2017);Wang等Nat.Commun.10:5622(2019))。有证据表明,在由CRC转录因子结合的基因组基因座处发现共活化蛋白质,并且与体内其他转录因子相比,EP300的损失导致CRC因子表达的损失增强,由此推测诸如EP300的共活化酶对于定义CRC扩展的调控网络的基因的高水平表达至关重要,并且谱系和肿瘤特异性CRC因子(诸如神经母细胞瘤中的TFAP2β)在CRC复合物中起新颖作用,这是募集EP300以建立恶性细胞状态所需的(Sabari等Science 361:eaar3958(2018))。
已证实,CRC通过其靶增强子的活性是肾上腺素能神经母细胞瘤中的细胞生长和活力所必需的(Durbin等Nat.Genet.50:1240-6(2018);Wang等Nat.Commun.10:5622(2019))。因此,并不令人惊讶的是,EP300在神经母细胞瘤中是主要依赖物,而CBP在大多数NB细胞系中不是依赖物,可能是因为在该疾病中不需要维持由CRC驱动的基因网络的高水平表达。
在各种癌症亚型中,与CBP相比,对EP300的依赖性有显著富集,突出了这两种旁系同源基因可能在调控癌细胞存活方面发挥背景依赖性和不同作用的假设。因此,在依赖于EP300的不同类型的癌细胞系中选择性靶向EP300可有效诱发抗肿瘤活性,具有降低的毒性,因为CBP在正常细胞中仍然有活性,并且在大多数正常细胞中可能能够补偿EP300的损失。这一有吸引力的假设一直难以测试,因为这两种蛋白质之间存在显著同源性,这阻止了优先靶向这些酶中的一种而保留另一种酶的活性的药理学策略。
本文描述了JQAD1,其依赖于A485的结合活性并且与CBP相比在其降解EP300的能力方面具有选择性。该观察结果与A485针对EP300和CBP两者的更混杂的乙酰基转移抑制活性形成鲜明对比。由与若干密切相关的蛋白质结合的诱饵分子合成的剂在一些情况下展示底物特异性,诸如在布罗莫结构域蛋白质4(BRD4)和p38降解剂的情况下(综述于Burslem和Crews,Cell 181:102-14(2020)中)。这种选择性的机制可能与嵌合降解剂化合物和E3连接酶复合物之间的三维相互作用有关,所述三维相互作用由靶蛋白质和E3连接酶受体的三维结构介导。由于全长EP300和CBP蛋白质的大小和缺乏溶解性,因此尚未解析全长晶体结构。然而,生物素-JQAD1与EP300和CRBN形成不含CBP的三元复合物。因此,与针对EP300和CBP具有等同活性的A485相比,JQAD1在生物化学测定中更亲和地结合到EP300。
JQAD1具有若干有趣的性质:i)在多个神经母细胞瘤细胞系中,它表现出相对于CBP对EP300的选择性;ii)在一些细胞系中,它比亲本抑制剂具有更高的效力;和iii)它可用于降解EP300,对CBP的作用有限,并且在体内的毒性有限。EP300在表达人源化CRBN的正常鼠组织中在体内被JQAD1降解,然而,CBP染色在这些组织中仅受最小影响。此外,这些组织展示正常的架构。这些数据支持CBP补偿一些正常组织中EP300的损失的假设。因此,在对血细胞计数、肝和肾功能测试、体重和梳理进行剖析(profiling)后,在每天两次用40mg/KgJQAD1 IP治疗14天的小鼠中未观察到毒性。因此,假设CBP介导的活性能够至少部分地补偿未转化细胞中EP300的损失。
使用JQAD1的实验还允许在形成CRC的扩展调控网络的基因的表达作用之前鉴别对H3K27ac信号损失的偏斜活性。与A485对EP300和CBP的催化抑制相比,JQAD1引起全长EP300的选择性降解。这表明,与催化抑制相比,全长EP300的损失引起神经母细胞瘤细胞中凋亡的诱导。在神经母细胞瘤中,EP300与主导肿瘤癌蛋白MYCN物理相互作用,控制其对染色质的定位。因此,EP300的降解导致这种结合活性的损失,这然后导致MYCN从染色质解离。先前的证据表明,MYCN和实际上其他MYC蛋白质广泛地接合染色质以引起增强子侵入,并且被独立地需要来阻抑神经母细胞瘤细胞中的凋亡(Huang和Weiss,Cold Spring HarbPerspect Med.3:a014415(2013);Zeid等Nat Genet 50,515-23(2018))。因此,这些数据暗示了一种新的机制,通过该机制,MYCN通过与EP300的物理相互作用维持在染色质相关状态,从而促进增强子侵入和MYCN介导的基于CRC的致癌转录的增强。
因此,本文描述了EP300和CBP在调控高风险儿童神经母细胞瘤的细胞生长中的不同作用。在多种其他肿瘤类型中类似地鉴别了这些发现,表明对EP300的增强的依赖性是人癌症中的常见发现。EP300而不是CBP是调控H3K27ac和高风险神经母细胞瘤亚组的基因表达全貌所必需的。该功能是由于EP300和新的CRC转录因子TFAP2β之间的相互作用而执行的,所述新的CRC转录因子TFAP2β介导EP300与CRC相关的增强子和启动子的结合。在此过程中,TFAP2β和EP300协作以确定高风险神经母细胞瘤的肾上腺素能亚型的基因表达模式。生成JQAD1以利用这些发现。重要的是,EP300的损失导致主导神经母细胞瘤癌蛋白MYCN从染色质解离,导致增强子侵入的丧失、基于CRC的转录的抑制和细胞凋亡。这些数据提供了对高风险神经母细胞瘤中增强子控制的关键见解,并且突出了高风险神经母细胞瘤中基因增强子和mRNA表达的化学表观遗传控制的新范式,对其他类型的人癌症具有意义。
世界卫生组织标准
由国际抗癌联盟(International Union Against Cancer)和世界卫生组织在20世纪70年代开发的用于评价抗癌剂对肿瘤缩小的有效性的WHO标准代表了用于编纂肿瘤应答评价的第一个普遍商定的具体标准。这些标准首次公开于1981年(Miller等,1981Clin.Cancer Res.,47:207-14)。WHO标准提出,>50%肿瘤缩小为部分应答,并且肿瘤增加>25%为疾病进展。
实体瘤应答评价标准(RECIST)
RECIST是一组公开的规则,其定义癌症患者中的肿瘤在治疗期间何时改善(“应答”)、保持不变(“稳定”)或恶化(“进展”)(Eisenhauer等2009European Journal ofCancer,45:228-247)。只有在基线时患有可测量疾病的患者才应纳入以客观肿瘤应答为主要终点的方案中。
用于评价靶病灶的应答标准如下:
·完全应答(CR):所有靶病灶消失。
·部分应答(PR):以基线最长直径(LD)总和作为参考,靶病灶的LD总和减少至少30%。
·疾病稳定(SD):以治疗开始以来的最小LD总和作为参考,既没有足够的缩小来符合PR,也没有足够的增加来符合PD。
·疾病进展(PD):以治疗开始以来记录的最小LD总和作为参考,靶病灶的LD总和增加至少20%,或出现一个或多个新病灶。
用于评价非靶病灶的应答标准如下:
·完全应答(CR):所有非靶病灶消失和肿瘤标志物水平归一化。
·不完全应答/疾病稳定(SD):持续存在一个或多个非靶病灶或/和肿瘤标志物水平维持在正常限度以上。
·疾病进展(PD):出现一个或多个新病灶和/或现有非靶病灶的明确进展。
用于评价最佳总体应答的应答标准如下。最佳总体应答是从治疗开始直到疾病进展/复发记录的最佳应答(将自治疗开始以来记录的最小测量值作为PD的参考)。通常,患者的最佳应答分配将取决于测量和确认标准两者的实现。
·健康状况全面恶化需要停止治疗而当时没有疾病进展的客观证据的患者应被归类为“症状恶化”。即使在停止治疗后,也应尽一切努力记录客观进展。
·在一些情况下,可能难以区分残余疾病与正常组织。当完全应答的评价取决于该确定时,建议研究(细针抽吸/活组织检查)残余病灶以确认完全应答状态。
免疫相关应答标准
免疫相关应答标准(irRC)是一组公开的规则,其定义癌症患者中的肿瘤在治疗期间何时改善(“应答”)、保持不变(“稳定”)或恶化(“进展”),其中所评价的化合物是免疫肿瘤学药物。2009年首次公布的免疫相关应答标准(Wolchok等Clin.Cancer Res.15:7412(2009))起因于免疫肿瘤学药物在使用WHO或RECIST标准测量应答的临床试验中失败的观察结果,因为这些标准不能解释许多患者在初始治疗和免疫系统减轻肿瘤负荷的明显作用之间的时间间隔。开发irRC的关键驱动因素是观察到,在源自免疫系统的各种癌症疗法(诸如细胞因子和单克隆抗体)的研究中,所寻求的完全和部分应答以及疾病稳定只发生在常规RECIST标准称为“疾病进展”的肿瘤负荷增加后。RECIST未能考虑给药与所观察到的抗肿瘤T细胞应答之间的延迟,使得原本“成功”的药物--即最终延长寿命的药物--在临床试验中失败。
irRC基于WHO标准;然而,肿瘤负荷的测量和免疫相关应答的评估已如下所述进行了修改。
肿瘤负荷的测量
在irRC中,通过将“指标(index)”病灶与新病灶组合来测量肿瘤负荷。通常,肿瘤负荷将在基线时用有限数量的“指标”病灶(即,最大的可鉴别病灶)测量,在随后的时间点鉴别的新病灶被计为“疾病进展”。相比之下,在irRC中,新病灶是肿瘤负荷的变化。irRC保留了最初在WHO标准中规定的对病灶的双向测量。
免疫相关应答的评估
在irRC中,免疫相关完全应答(immune-related Complete Response,irCR)是所有病灶(测量或未测量的)消失,并且没有新病灶;免疫相关部分应答(immune-relatedPartial Response,irPR)是肿瘤负荷从基线下降50%,如由irRC所定义;并且免疫相关疾病进展(immune-related Progressive Disease,irPD)是肿瘤负荷从记录的最低水平增加25%。其他都被认为是免疫相关性疾病稳定(irSD)。即使肿瘤负荷正在上升,免疫系统也可能在首次给药后几个月“启动”,并导致许多患者的肿瘤负荷的最终下降。25%的阈值解释了这种明显的延迟。
基因表达谱分析(profiling)
通常,基因表达谱分析的方法可划分为两大组:基于多核苷酸杂交分析的方法和基于多核苷酸测序的方法。本领域已知的用于定量样品中mRNA表达的方法包括RNA印迹法(northern blotting)和原位杂交、RNA酶保护测定、RNA-seq和逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)。或者,采用识别特定双链体的抗体,所述双链体包括DNA双链体、RNA双链体和DNA-RNA杂合双链体或DNA-蛋白质双链体。用于基于测序的基因表达分析的代表性方法包括基因表达系列分析(Serial Analysis of Gene Expression,SAGE)和通过大规模平行标记测序(massively parallel signature sequencing,MPSS)的基因表达分析。例如,RT-PCR用于比较在有或无药物治疗的情况下不同样品群体、正常和肿瘤组织中的mRNA水平,以表征基因表达模式(即表达水平),区分密切相关的mRNA,和/或分析RNA结构。
在一些情况下,通过RT-PCR进行基因表达谱分析的第一步是将RNA模板逆转录成cDNA,之后在PCR反应中扩增。例如,按照制造商说明书,使用GeneAmp RNA PCR试剂盒(Perkin Elmer,Calif.,USA)逆转录提取的RNA。然后将cDNA用作随后的PCR扩增和定量分析中的模板,所述PCR扩增和定量分析使用例如TaqManTM呼吸道微生物区系(RespiratoryTract Microbiota,RTM)(Life TechnologiesTM公司,Grand Island,N.Y.)测定。
微阵列.还可使用微阵列技术鉴别或确认差异基因表达。在这些方法中,将目的多核苷酸序列(包括cDNA和寡核苷酸)平铺或排列在微芯片基底上。然后将排列的序列与来自目的细胞或组织的特异性DNA探针杂交。与RT-PCR方法中一样,mRNA的来源通常是从人肿瘤或肿瘤细胞系和对应的正常组织或细胞系分离的总RNA。因此,从多种原发性肿瘤或肿瘤细胞系中分离RNA。如果mRNA的来源是原发性肿瘤,则从冷冻或存档的组织样品中提取mRNA。
在微阵列技术中,将cDNA克隆的PCR扩增插入物以密集阵列形式施加到基底上。固定在微芯片上的微阵列基因适于在严格条件下杂交。
在一些情况下,通过从目的组织(例如,白血病组织)提取的RNA的逆转录掺入荧光核苷酸来生成荧光标记的cDNA探针。施加于芯片的经标记的cDNA探针与阵列上的DNA基因座特异性杂交。在洗涤以去除非特异性结合的探针后,通过共焦激光显微术或通过另一种检测方法(诸如电荷耦合装置(CCD)相机)扫描芯片。每个排列元件的杂交的定量允许评估对应的mRNA丰度。
在一些配置中,使用双色荧光。利用双色荧光,使从两种RNA来源生成的单独标记的cDNA探针与阵列成对杂交。因此同时确定来自对应于每个指定基因的两个来源的转录物的相对丰度。在各种配置中,小型化规模的杂交可提供对大量基因的表达模式的方便且快速的评价。在各种配置中,此类方法可具有检测稀有转录物所需的灵敏度,所述稀有转录物以每个细胞少于1000、少于100或少于10个拷贝表达。在各种配置中,此类方法可检测表达水平的至少大约两倍差异(Schena等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 93:106-149(1996))。在各种配置中,通过市售设备,遵循制造商的方案,诸如通过使用Affymetrix GenChip技术或Incyte的微阵列技术进行微阵列分析。
RNA测序(RNA-seq)(也被称为全转录组鸟枪法测序(WTSS))是鉴别或确认差异基因表达的另一种技术。RNA-seq使用下一代测序(NGS)来揭示在给定时刻生物样品中RNA的存在和量。
RNA-seq用于分析不断变化的细胞转录组。参见例如Wang等Nat.Rev.Genet.10:57-63(2009)。具体地,RNA-Seq有助于观察可变基因剪接转录物、转录后修饰、基因融合、突变/SNP和基因表达变化的能力。除了mRNA转录物之外,RNA-Seq还可观察不同的RNA群体,包括总RNA、小RNA(诸如miRNA)、tRNA和核糖体谱分析。RNA-Seq还可用于确定外显子/内含子边界以及验证或修正先前注释的5'和3'基因边界。
在RNA-Seq之前,用基于杂交的微阵列进行基因表达研究。微阵列的问题包括交叉杂交伪影、低表达和高表达基因的差定量以及需要知道目的序列。由于这些技术问题,转录组学转变为基于测序的方法。这些技术从表达的序列标签文库的Sanger测序发展到基于化学标签的方法(例如,基因表达的系列分析),最后发展到当前技术,cDNA的NGS(尤其是RNA-seq)。
药物治疗剂
对于治疗用途,可将本文所述的药剂(例如,JQAD1)全身施用,例如配制在药学上可接受的缓冲液(诸如生理盐水)中。优选的施用途径包括例如皮下、静脉内、腹膜内、肌内或皮内注射,其在患者中提供连续、持续的药物水平。将使用在生理上可接受的载体中的治疗有效量的本文所鉴别的治疗剂实施人患者或其他动物的治疗。合适的载体和它们的制剂描述于例如E.W.Martin的雷明顿药物科学(Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences)中。待施用的药剂的量取决于施用方式、患者的年龄和体重以及(例如,NB)的临床症状而变化。通常,量将在用于治疗与EP300依赖性相关的其他疾病(例如,癌症(例如,NB))中的其他药剂的量的范围内,尽管在某些情况下,由于药剂的特异性增加,将需要更低的量。例如,以对赘生性细胞具有细胞毒性的剂量施用药剂。
在一个方面,疾病或病症是癌症。在某些实施方案中,癌症是实体瘤,例如,神经母细胞瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、黑色素瘤、结肠癌、直肠癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、脑癌和胰腺癌。在某些实施方案中,癌症是血液癌症,例如白血病、骨髓瘤和淋巴瘤。在某些实施方案中,癌症是高风险神经母细胞瘤。在一些实施方案中,EP 300依赖性癌症是高风险NB。
制剂
人剂量量最初可通过从用于动物模型中的药剂的量外推来确定,因为本领域技术人员认识到与动物模型相比,修改用于人的剂量是本领域常规的。在某些实施方案中,设想剂量可在约1μg化合物/Kg主体重量到约5000mg化合物/Kg主体重量;或约5mg/Kg主体重量到约4000mg/Kg主体重量或约10mg/Kg主体重量到约3000mg/Kg主体重量;或约50mg/Kg主体重量到约2000mg/Kg主体重量;或约100mg/Kg主体重量到约1000mg/Kg主体重量;或约150mg/Kg主体重量到约500mg/Kg主体重量之间变化。在其他情况下,该剂量可以是约1、5、10、25、50、75、100、150、200、250、300、350、400、450、500、550、600、650、700、750、800、850、900、950、1000、1050、1100、1150、1200、1250、1300、1350、1400、1450、1500、1600、1700、1800、1900、2000、2500、3000、3500、4000、4500或5000mg/Kg体重。在其他方面,设想剂量可在约5mg化合物/Kg身体到约20mg化合物/Kg身体的范围内。在其他实施方案中,剂量可以是约8、10、12、14、16或18mg/Kg体重。当然,根据初始临床试验的结果和特定患者的需要,该剂量量可向上或向下调整,如在此类治疗方案中常规进行的那样。
在一些情况下,本发明的药剂在三个月、四个月、六个月、九个月、1年、2年、3年、4年或更长的时间段内以低于未观察到不良效应水平(NOAEL)的人等同剂量(HED)的剂量被施用。如在动物研究中所确定的NOAEL可用于确定用于人临床试验的最大推荐起始剂量。例如,可外推NOAEL以确定人等效剂量。通常,物种之间的此类外推是基于相对于体表面积(即mg/m2)归一化的剂量进行的。在具体实施方案中,在小鼠、仓鼠、大鼠、雪貂、豚鼠、兔、狗、灵长类动物、灵长类动物(猴、狨猴、松鼠猴、狒狒)、微型猪或小型猪中确定NOAEL。关于使用NOAEL和其外推来确定人等同剂量的讨论,参见在成人健康志愿者中估计治疗剂在初始临床试验中的最大安全起始剂量的行业指南(Guidance for Industry Estimating theMaximum Safe Starting Dose in Initial Clinical Trials for Therapeutics inAdult Healthy Volunteers),美国卫生与人类服务部食品与药品监督管理局药物评价和研究中心(CDER)(U.S.Department of Health and Human Services Food and DrugAdministration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research(CDER)),Pharmacologyand Toxicology,2005年7月。
将在造血性癌症或自身免疫疾病的治疗中有效的预防和/或治疗方案中使用的本发明药剂的量可基于药剂的当前处方剂量以及通过本文所公开的和本领域已知的方法评估。频率和剂量也将根据每个患者所特定的因素而变化,这取决于所施用的特定药剂,癌性病况的严重程度,施用途径以及患者的年龄、体重、应答和既往病史。例如,将在癌症的治疗中有效的本发明药剂的剂量可通过向动物模型(诸如例如本文所公开的或本领域技术人员已知的动物模型)施用药剂来确定。另外,可任选地采用体外测定来帮助鉴别最佳剂量范围。
在一些方面,预防和/或治疗方案包括滴定所患者施用的剂量以便实现治疗功效的指定量度。此类量度包括患者中癌细胞群体的减少。
在某些情况下,调整预防和/或治疗方案中本发明的药剂的剂量,以便实现与参考样品相比,在经历预防和/或治疗方案后从患者提取的测试样本中发现的癌细胞的数量或量的减少。此处,参考样品是从经历疗法的患者中提取的样本,其中样本是在较早的时间点从患者中提取的。在一个方面,参考样品是在接受预防和/或治疗方案之前从同一患者提取的样本。例如,测试样本中癌细胞的数量或量比参考样品中低至少2%、5%、10%、15%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%或99%。
在一些情况下,调整预防和/或治疗方案中本发明的药剂的剂量,以便实现落在预定参考范围内的癌细胞的数量或量。在这些实施方案中,将测试样本中癌细胞的数量或量与预定参考范围进行比较。
在其他实施方案中,调整预防和/或治疗方案中本发明的药剂的剂量,以便实现与参考样品相比,在经历预防和/或治疗方案后从患者提取的测试样本中发现的癌细胞的数量或量的减少,其中参考样品是从健康的非患癌患者提取的样本。例如,测试样本中癌细胞的数量或量至少在参考样品中癌细胞的数量或量的60%、50%、40%、30%、20%、15%、10%、5%或2%内。
在治疗患有实体瘤的某些人患者时,从疑似肿瘤部位提取多个组织样本可能被证明是不切实际的。在这些情况下,从动物模型中有效减少那些动物模型中的癌症群体的剂量外推用于人患者的预防和/或治疗方案中的本发明药剂的剂量。在动物模型中,调整预防和/或治疗方案,以便实现与参考样品相比,在经历预防和/或治疗方案后从动物提取的测试样本中发现的癌细胞的数量或量的减少。参考样品可以是在接受预防和/或治疗方案之前从同一动物提取的样本。在具体实施方案中,测试样本中癌细胞的数量或量比参考样品中低至少2%、5%、10%、15%、20%、30%、40%、50%或60%。可将有效减少动物中癌细胞的数量或量的剂量相对于体表面积(例如,mg/m2)归一化,以提供等同的人剂量。
本文所公开的预防和/或治疗方案包括以单剂量或多剂量(例如,1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、10、15、20或更多剂量)向患者施用本发明的药剂或其药物组合物。
在一个方面,预防和/或治疗方案包括以多剂量施用本发明的药剂或其药物组合物。当以多剂量施用时,以足以治疗病况的频率和量施用药剂或药物组合物。例如,施用频率在每日一次直到约每八周一次范围。在另一示例中,施用频率在约每周一次直到约每六周一次范围。在另一示例中,施用频率在约每三周一次直到约每四周一次范围。
通常,向受试者施用以治疗癌症的本发明药剂的剂量在0.01到500mg/Kg受试者体重的范围内,例如在0.1mg/Kg到100mg/Kg受试者体重的范围内。例如,向受试者施用的剂量在0.1mg/Kg到50mg/Kg受试者体重、或1mg/Kg到50mg/Kg受试者体重的范围内,更优选地在0.1mg/Kg到25mg/Kg患者体重、或1mg/Kg到25mg/Kg患者体重的范围内。在另一示例中,向受试者施用以治疗患者的癌症的本发明药剂的剂量为500mg/Kg患者体重或更少,优选250mg/Kg患者体重或更少、100mg/Kg患者体重或更少、95mg/Kg患者体重或更少、90mg/Kg患者体重或更少、85mg/Kg患者体重或更少、80mg/Kg患者体重或更少、75mg/Kg患者体重或更少、70mg/Kg患者体重或更少、65mg/Kg患者体重或更少、60mg/Kg患者体重或更少、55mg/Kg患者体重或更少、50mg/Kg患者体重或更少、45mg/Kg患者体重或更少、40mg/Kg患者体重或更少、35mg/Kg患者体重或更少、30mg/Kg患者体重或更少、25mg/Kg患者体重或更少、20mg/Kg患者体重或更少、15mg/Kg患者体重或更少、10mg/Kg患者体重或更少、5mg/Kg患者体重或更少、2.5mg/Kg患者体重或更少、2mg/Kg患者体重或更少、1.5mg/Kg患者体重或更少、或1mg/Kg患者体重或更少。
在另一示例中,向受试者施用以治疗患者的癌症的本发明的药剂的剂量是0.1到50mg、0.1mg到20mg、0.1mg到15mg、0.1mg到12mg、0.1mg到10mg、0.1mg到8mg、0.1mg到7mg、0.1mg到5mg、0.1到2.5mg、0.25mg到20mg、0.25到15mg、0.25到12mg、0.25到10mg、0.25到8mg、0.25mg到7mg、0.25mg到5mg、0.5mg到2.5mg、1mg到20mg、1mg到15mg、1mg到12mg、1mg到10mg、1mg到8mg、1mg到7mg、1mg到5mg或1mg到2.5mg的单位剂量。
在另一示例中,向受试者施用以治疗患者的癌症的本发明药剂的剂量在0.01到10g/m2受试者体重的范围内,并且更通常在0.1g/m2到7.5g/m2受试者体重的范围内。例如,向受试者施用的剂量在0.5g/m2到5g/m2或1g/m2到5g/m2受试者体表面积的范围内。
在另一示例中,预防和/或治疗方案包括向患者施用一个或多个剂量的有效量的本发明药剂,其中有效量的剂量实现至少0.1μg/mL、至少0.5μg/mL、至少1μg/mL、至少2μg/mL、至少5μg/mL、至少6μg/mL、至少10μg/mL、至少15μg/mL、至少20μg/mL、至少25μg/mL、至少50μg/mL、至少100μg/mL、至少125μg/mL、至少150μg/mL、至少175μg/mL、至少200μg/mL、至少225μg/mL、至少250μg/mL、至少275μg/mL、至少300μg/mL、至少325μg/mL、至少350μg/mL、至少375μg/mL或至少400μg/mL本发明药剂的血浆水平。
在另一示例中,预防和/或治疗方案包括向患者施用多个剂量的有效量的本发明药剂,其中多个剂量维持至少0.1μg/mL、至少0.5μg/mL、至少1μg/mL、至少2μg/mL、至少5μg/mL、至少6μg/mL、至少10μg/mL、至少15μg/mL、至少20μg/mL、至少25μg/mL、至少50μg/mL、至少100μg/mL、至少125μg/mL、至少150μg/mL、至少175μg/mL、至少200μg/mL、至少225μg/mL、至少250μg/mL、至少275μg/mL、至少300μg/mL、至少325μg/mL、至少350μg/mL、至少375μg/mL或至少400μg/mL本发明药剂的血浆水平至少1天、1个月、2个月、3个月、4个月、5个月、6个月、7个月、8个月、9个月、10个月、11个月、12个月、15个月、18个月、24个月或36个月。
组合疗法
在一个示例中,所述药剂在组合疗法中施用,即与其他药剂(例如治疗剂)组合,所述其他药剂可用于治疗病理病况或病症,诸如各种形式的癌症。在此背景下,术语“组合”意指基本上同期地(同时地或依序地)给予药剂。如果顺序给予,则在开始施用第二化合物时,两种化合物中的第一种在一些情况下仍可在治疗部位检测到有效浓度。
用于治疗瘤形成的化合物或化合物的组合的施用可通过任何合适的手段进行,所述手段导致与其他组分组合的有效改善、减少或稳定瘤形成的治疗剂浓度。药剂可以任何适当的量包含在任何合适的载体物质中,并且通常以组合物总重量的1-95重量%的量存在。药剂可以适于胃肠外(例如,皮下、静脉内、肌内或腹膜内)施用途径的剂型提供。可根据常规的制药实践(参见例如雷明顿:制药科学与实践(Remington:The Science andPractice of Pharmacy)(第20版),A.R.Gennaro编辑,Lippincott Williams&Wilkins,2000和制药技术百科全书(Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology),J.Swarbrick和J.C.Boylan编辑,1988-1999,Marcel Dekker,New York)来配制所述药剂。
因此,在一些示例中,预防和/或治疗方案包括施用本发明的药剂与一种或多种另外的抗癌治疗剂的组合。在一个示例中,组合疗法中使用的一种或多种另外的抗癌治疗剂的剂量低于已经或目前正在用于治疗癌症的剂量。目前用于治疗癌症的一种或多种另外的抗癌治疗剂的推荐剂量可从本领域的任何参考文献中获得,所述参考文献包括但不限于Hardman等编辑,Goodman和Gilman的治疗学基础的药理学基础(The PharmacologicalBasis of Basis of Therapeutics),第10版,McGraw-Hill,NewYork,2001;医师案头参考(Physician's Desk Reference)(第60版,2006)。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的药剂可与一种或多种另外的抗癌治疗剂组合使用。抗癌治疗剂的示例包括顺式视黄酸、环磷酰胺 顺铂卡铂长春新碱(VincasarVCR)、多柔比星依托泊苷(VP-16)、拓扑替康白消安和美法仑(L-PAM、)或噻替派
在一些实施方案中,抗癌治疗剂可与一种或多种类固醇共施用,所述类固醇包括甲泼尼龙(methylprednisolone) 泼尼松(Prednisone Intensol)、地塞米松氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)或促肾上腺皮质激素衍生物,包括替可克肽(tetracosactide)
在一些实施方案中,预防和/或治疗方案包括施用本发明的药剂与组合化学治疗剂的组合。在一些实施方案中,组合化学治疗剂包括白消安卡铂或顺铂环磷酰胺多柔比星依托泊苷(VP-16)、伊立替康替莫唑胺或异环磷酰胺噻替派美法仑拓扑替康或长春新碱(Vincasar)。在一些实施方案中,该治疗之后是干细胞移植。化学治疗剂可在单一疗法(即,单一化学治疗剂)中或作为多疗法(即,超过一种化学治疗剂)与其他治疗组合使用。多疗法可包括药剂的任何组合。一种常见的多疗法包括异铂(或卡铂)、环磷酰胺、多柔比星、长春新碱和依托泊苷。
在一些情况下,预防和/或治疗方案包括施用本发明的药剂与免疫抑制剂(诸如有或无顺式视黄酸的地妥昔单抗或利妥昔单抗(rituximab,))的组合。
本发明的药剂和一种或多种另外的抗癌治疗剂可单独、同时或依序施用。在各个方面,本发明的药剂和另外的抗癌治疗剂间隔小于5分钟、间隔小于30分钟、间隔小于1小时、间隔约1小时、间隔约1到约2小时、间隔约2小时到约3小时、间隔约3小时到约4小时、间隔约4小时到约5小时、间隔约5小时到约6小时、间隔约6小时到约7小时、间隔约7小时到约8小时、间隔约8小时到约9小时、间隔约9小时到约10小时、间隔约10小时到约11小时、间隔约11小时到约12小时、间隔约12小时到18小时、间隔18小时到24小时、间隔24小时到36小时、间隔36小时到48小时、间隔48小时到52小时、间隔52小时到60小时、间隔60小时到72小时、间隔72小时到84小时、间隔84小时到96小时、间隔96小时、间隔120小时或间隔168小时被施用。在另一示例中,两种或更多种抗癌治疗剂在同一患者就诊内施用。
在某些方面,本发明的药剂和另外的抗癌治疗剂被循环施用。循环疗法涉及施用一种抗癌治疗剂一段时间,之后施用第二抗癌治疗剂一段时间,并重复该顺序施用,即,循环,以便减少对一种或两种药剂产生抗性,以避免或减少一种或两种药剂的副作用,和/或改善疗法的功效。在一个示例中,循环疗法涉及施用第一抗癌治疗剂一段时间,之后施用第二抗癌治疗剂一段时间,任选地,之后施用第三抗癌治疗剂一段时间等等,并重复该顺序施用,即,循环,以便减少对所述药剂产生抗性,以避免或减少一种药剂的副作用,和/或改善所述药剂的功效。
在另一示例中,药剂在单独的组合物中被同时施用于受试者。本发明的药剂的组合可通过相同或不同的施用途径施用于受试者。
当同时向受试者施用本发明的药剂和另外的抗癌治疗剂时,术语“同时”不限于在完全相同的时间施用药剂,而是意指它们以一定的顺序且在一定的时间间隔内被向受试者施用,使得它们可以一起作用(例如,协同作用以提供比它们以其他方式被施用时增加的益处)。例如,可同时或在不同时间点以任何顺序依次施用药剂;然而,如果不同时施用,则它们应当在足够接近的时间施用,以提供期望的治疗效果,优先以协同方式进行。药剂的组合可以任何适当的形式和通过任何合适的途径单独施用。当药剂组合的组分不以相同的药物组合物被施用时,应理解它们可以任何顺序施用于有需要的受试者。例如,本发明的药剂可在施用另外的抗癌治疗剂之前(例如,之前5分钟、15分钟,30分钟,45分钟、1小时、2小时、4小时、6小时、12小时、24小时、48小时、72小时、96小时、1周、2周、3周、4周、5周、6周、8周或12周)、同时或之后(例如,之后5分钟、15分钟、30分钟、45分钟、1小时、2小时、4小时、6小时、12小时、24小时、48小时、72小时、96小时、1周、2周、3周、4周、5周、6周、8周或12周)被向有需要的受试者施用。在各个方面,药剂间隔1分钟、间隔10分钟、间隔30分钟、间隔小于1小时、间隔1小时、间隔1小时到2小时、间隔2小时到3小时、间隔3小时到4小时、间隔4小时到5小时、间隔5小时到6小时、间隔6小时到7小时、间隔7小时到8小时、间隔8小时到9小时、间隔9小时到10小时、间隔10小时到11小时、间隔11小时到12小时、间隔不超过24小时或间隔不超过48小时被施用。在一个示例中,所述药剂在同一诊室就医内被施用。在另一示例中,本发明的药剂的组合以间隔1分钟到24小时被施用。
药物组合物的释放
根据本发明的药物组合物可配制成在施用后基本上立即释放药剂,或在施用后的任何预定时间或时间段释放药剂。后一些类型的组合物通常被称为受控释放型制剂,其包括(i)在延长的时间段内在体内产生基本上恒定的药物浓度的制剂;(ii)在预定的滞后时间后在延长的时间段内在体内产生基本上恒定的药物浓度的制剂;(iii)通过在体内维持相对恒定的有效水平,同时使与活性物质的血浆水平波动(锯齿动力学模式)相关的不期望的副作用最小化,在预定时间段期间持续作用的制剂;(iv)通过例如受控释放型组合物邻近或接触胸腺的空间放置来定位作用的制剂;(v)允许方便给药,使得例如每一周或每两周一次施用剂量的制剂;和(vi)通过使用载体或化学衍生物将药剂递送到特定细胞类型(例如,赘生性细胞)而靶向瘤形成的制剂。对于一些应用,受控释放制剂避免了在白天频繁给药以将血浆水平维持在治疗水平的需要。
可采取许多策略中的任何一种以获得受控释放,其中释放速率超过药剂的代谢速率。在一个示例中,通过适当选择各种制剂参数和成分(包括例如各种类型的受控释放型组合物和包衣)来获得受控释放。因此,将治疗剂与适当的赋形剂配制成药物组合物,所述药物组合物在施用后以受控方式释放治疗剂。示例包括单个或多个单位的片剂或胶囊组合物、油溶液、悬浮液、乳液、微胶囊、微球、分子复合物、纳米颗粒、贴剂和脂质体。
胃肠外组合物
药物组合物可通过注射、输注或植入(皮下、静脉内、肌内、腹膜内等)以剂型、制剂,或经由含有常规无毒的药学上可接受的载体和佐剂的合适的递送装置或植入物胃肠外施用。此类组合物的配制和制备为药物配制领域的技术人员所熟知。制剂可见于雷明顿:制药科学与实践(见上文)中。
用于胃肠外使用的组合物可以单位剂型(例如,在单剂量安瓿中)或在容纳若干剂量的小瓶中提供,并且其中可添加合适的防腐剂(参见下文)。组合物可呈用于植入的溶液、悬浮液、乳液、输注装置或递送装置的形式,或者其可呈现为干粉,以在使用前用水或另一种合适的媒介物重构。除了减少或改善瘤形成的药剂之外,组合物还可包含合适的胃肠外可接受的载体和/或赋形剂。可将药剂掺入微球、微胶囊、纳米颗粒、脂质体等中用于受控释放。此外,组合物可包含悬浮剂、增溶剂、稳定剂、pH调节剂、张力调节剂和/或分散剂。
如上文所示,根据本发明的药物组合物可呈适于无菌注射的形式。为了制备此类组合物,将一种或多种合适的活性抗肿瘤治疗剂溶解或悬浮在胃肠外可接受的液体媒介物中。可采用的可接受的媒介物和溶剂包括水,通过添加适当量的盐酸、氢氧化钠或合适的缓冲液调整到合适pH的水,1,3-丁二醇,林格氏溶液,以及等渗氯化钠溶液和右旋糖溶液。水性制剂还可含有一种或多种防腐剂(例如,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯)。在一种化合物仅略溶或微溶于水中的情况下,可添加溶解增强剂或增溶剂,或者溶剂可包括10-60%w/w的丙二醇。
受控释放
胃肠外组合物的受控释放可呈水性悬浮液、微球、微胶囊、磁性微球、油溶液、油悬浮液或乳液的形式。或者,可将活性药物掺入生物相容性载体、脂质体、纳米颗粒、植入物或输注装置中。
用于制备微球和/或微胶囊中的材料是例如可生物降解/可生物侵蚀的聚合物,诸如聚催乳激素、聚(氰基丙烯酸异丁酯)、聚(2-羟乙基-L-谷氨酰胺)和聚(乳酸)。当配制受控释放型胃肠外制剂时可使用的生物相容性载体是碳水化合物(例如,右旋糖酐)、蛋白质(例如白蛋白)、脂蛋白或抗体。用于植入物中的材料可以是不可生物降解的(例如,聚二甲基硅氧烷)或可生物降解的(例如,聚(己内酯)、聚(乳酸)、聚(乙醇酸)或聚(原酸酯)或它们的组合)。
药物试剂盒
可将本组合物组装到用于改善瘤形成的药物试剂盒中。根据本发明的这一方面的药物试剂盒包括载体装置,诸如盒子、纸盒、管等,在其中密闭地具有一个或多个容器装置,诸如小瓶、管、安瓿或瓶。本发明的药物试剂盒还可包括用于使用本发明的药剂的相关说明书。
使用方法
在一些方面,本发明涉及治疗涉及异常(例如,功能障碍或失调)EP300活性的疾病或病症(在本文中称为“EP300依赖性”疾病或病症)的方法,并且治疗需要向有需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的EP300选择性降解剂(例如,JQAD1)或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。
这些EP300依赖性疾病或病症的特征在于异常的EP300活性(例如,相对于非病理状态,EP300的水平升高或在其他方面功能异常的EP300)。“疾病”通常被认为是受试者的一种健康状态,其中受试者不能维持稳态,并且其中如果疾病没有改善,则受试者的健康继续恶化。相比之下,受试者的“稳态”是一种健康状态,其中受试者能够维持稳态,但其中受试者的健康状态不如在不存在病症的情况下的健康状态有利。如果不加以治疗,病症不一定会引起动物的健康状况进一步下降。在一些实施方案中,本申请的化合物可用于治疗细胞增殖性疾病和病症(例如,癌症或良性赘生物)。如本文所用,术语“细胞增殖性疾病或病症”是指以失调或异常细胞生长或两者兼有为特征的病况,包括非癌性病况(诸如赘生物、癌前病况、良性肿瘤)和癌症。
如本文所用的术语“受试者”(或“患者”)包括动物界中易患或罹患所指示疾病或病症的所有成员。在一些实施方案中,受试者为哺乳动物,例如,人或非人哺乳动物。所述方法也适用于伴侣动物,诸如狗和猫,以及家畜,诸如牛、马、绵羊、山羊、猪,以及其他驯养和野生动物。根据本发明“需要”治疗的受试者可能“罹患或怀疑罹患”特定疾病或病症,可能已被确诊或以其他方式呈现有足够数量的风险因素或足够数量的体征或症状或体征或症状的组合,使得医疗专业人员可诊断或怀疑受试者罹患该疾病或病症。因此,罹患和疑似罹患特定疾病或病症的受试者不一定是两个不同的群体。
如本文所用的术语“样品”是指为了体外评价的目的而获得的生物样品。用于本文所述方法的示例性组织样品包括来自NB肿瘤或周围肿瘤微环境(即基质)的组织样品。肿瘤微环境通常包含增殖的肿瘤细胞、肿瘤基质、血管、浸润性炎性细胞和各种相关的组织细胞。肿瘤微环境是独特的,并且由于其与宿主相互作用而在肿瘤进展过程中出现。它由肿瘤产生并受其支配,此影响并驱动在周围组织中发生的分子和细胞事件。关于本文所公开的方法,样品或患者样品优选可包括任何体液或组织。在一些实施方案中,体液包括但不限于从受试者获得的血液、血浆、血清、淋巴、母乳、唾液、粘液、精液、阴道分泌物、细胞提取物、炎性流体、脑脊液、粪便、玻璃体液或尿液。在一些方面,样品是血液样品、血浆样品、血清样品和尿液样品中的至少两种的复合组。在例示性方面中,样品包括血液或其级分(例如,血浆或血清)。优选的样品是全血、血清、血浆或尿液。样品还可以是组织或体液的部分纯化的级分。
参考样品可以是来自未患有疾病或病况流体的供体或来自患有疾病或病况的受试者的正常组织的“正常”样品。参考样品还可来自未处理的供体或未用活性剂处理的细胞培养物(例如,未处理或仅施用媒介物)。还可在使细胞或受试者与待测试的药剂或治疗干预接触之前的“零时间点”或在前瞻性研究开始时获取参考样品。
可用本发明的选择性EP300降解剂治疗的非癌性(例如,细胞增殖性)疾病或病症的示例性类型包括炎性疾病和病况、自身免疫性疾病、神经变性疾病、心脏疾病、病毒性疾病、慢性和急性肾脏疾病或损伤、代谢性疾病以及过敏性和遗传性疾病。
在一些实施方案中,所述方法针对治疗患有癌症的受试者。广义上,本发明的化合物可有效治疗癌(实体瘤,包括原发性肿瘤和转移性肿瘤两者)、肉瘤、黑色素瘤和血液癌症(影响包括淋巴细胞、骨髓和/或淋巴结的血液的癌症),诸如白血病、淋巴瘤和多发性骨髓瘤。包括成人肿瘤/癌症和儿童肿瘤/癌症。癌症可能是血管化的、或尚未基本上血管化的或非血管化的肿瘤。
在一些实施方案中,本发明EP300的选择性降解剂用于治疗具有失调或功能障碍的EP300的癌症(即,EP300依赖性癌症),例如NB、横纹肌肉瘤、胃癌、脑癌、胰腺癌、结直肠癌(Gayther等,Nat Genet 24:300-3(2000)、乳腺癌(Sobczak等,Cancers(Basel)11:1539(2019)、肺癌、肺鳞状细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌、食道癌、胰腺癌、视网膜母细胞瘤、子宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、髓母细胞瘤、弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤、急性淋巴细胞白血病、膀胱尿路上皮癌、单核细胞白血病、头颈部鳞状细胞癌(SCCHN)、血液癌症、成人T细胞白血病淋巴瘤(ATLL)或NUT中线癌。
此外,EP300已被描述为膀胱尿路上皮癌中的驱动基因,其中除了抗PD-1或抗PD-L1免疫疗法之外,EP300抑制也可能受益(Meng等,Mol.Ther.Oncolytics 20:410-421(2021);Chang等,Exp.Mol.Med.51:1-17(2019))。在单核细胞白血病中,已经描述了MLL-EP300癌蛋白,参见Ohnishi等,Eur.J.Haematol.81:475-80(2008)。在SCCHN中,高CD8+T细胞发炎表型富集EP300突变(Saloura等,Oral Oncol.96:77-88(2019))。在ATLL中,20%的在表观遗传和组蛋白修饰基因中具有突变的病例在EP300中具有突变(Shah等,Blood 132:1507-1518(2018))。在NUT中线癌中,EP300参与前馈调控环路,导致含布罗莫结构域蛋白质4(BRD4)-NUT癌蛋白诱导的癌细胞中致癌染色质复合物的增殖(Alekseyenko等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.114:E4184-E4192(2017))。
除非另外指明,否则本发明的实践采用分子生物学(包括重组技术)、微生物学、细胞生物学、生物化学和免疫学的常规技术,这些技术完全在本领域技术人员的能力范围内。此类技术在诸如以下的文献中有充分解释:“分子克隆:实验室手册(Molecular Cloning:ALaboratory Manual)”,第二版(Sambrook,1989);“寡核苷酸合成(OligonucleotideSynthesis)”(Gait,1984);“动物细胞培养(Animal Cell Culture)”(Freshney,1987);“酶学方法(Methods in Enzymology)”“实验免疫学手册(Handbook of ExperimentalImmunology)”(Weir,1996);“用于哺乳动物细胞的基因转移载体(Gene Transfer Vectorsfor Mammalian Cells)”(Miller和Calos,1987);“当代分子生物学方案(CurrentProtocols in Molecular Biology)”(Ausubel,1987);“PCR:聚合酶链式反应(PCR:ThePolymerase Chain Reaction)”,(Mullis,1994);“当代免疫学方案(Current Protocolsin Immunology)”(Coligan,1991)。这些技术适用于产生本发明的多核苷酸和多肽,并且因此可在制备和实施本发明中考虑。用于特定实施方案的特别有用的技术将在下面的部分中讨论。
提出以下实施例以向本领域普通技术人员提供如何制备和使用本发明的测定、筛选和治疗方法的完全公开和描述,并且不意在限制本发明人所认为的其发明的范围。
实施例
实施例1:材料和方法.
利用以下材料和方法来生成本文所述的结果。本研究中生成的化学探针和生物试剂可通过材料转移协议(material transfer agreement,MTA)或通过商业供应商用于研究目的。数据可用性和实验模型以及主题细节。RNA-seq和ChIP-seq数据已以SuperSeries保藏号GSE159617保藏在Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)数据库中,所述SuperSeries保藏号包括SubSeries保藏号GSE159613、GSE159614、GSE159615和GSE159616。本研究中使用的代码在实验细节中进行了描述,并可应要求提供。
细胞系.从美国典型培养物保藏中心(American Type Culture Collection)(BE2C、293T)、欧洲认证细胞培养物保藏中心(European Collection of AuthenticatedCell Cultures)(NB69)和德国微生物和细胞培养物保藏中心(German Collection ofMicroorganisms and Cell Cultures)(DSMZ)(Kelly、NGP、SiMA)获得293T、Kelly、BE2C、NGP、NB69和SIMA神经母细胞瘤细胞系。S2细胞由Karen Adelman博士(Harvard MedicalSchool,Boston,MA)赠送。用于外显子组规模的CRISPR-Cas9筛选和PRISM分析的细胞系先前已描述于Corsello等Nat.Cancer 1:235-248(2020)和Meyers等Nat.Genet.49:1779-1784(2017)中。针对同一性对所有细胞系进行短串联重复(STR)测试。在Roswell ParkMemorial Institute(RPMI)培养基中培养神经母细胞瘤细胞系,该培养基含有10%热灭活的胎牛血清和1%青霉素-链霉素并通过常规测试验证其不含支原体属(Mycoplasma)种。
化学品.从TocrisTMBiosciences获得化合物C646和CBP30。从获得硼替佐米、MLN4924和沙利度胺,并且从Target Molecule公司获得泊马度胺和来那度胺。所有其他化学品均在Qi实验室中合成并表征。基于以下实施例中列出的方案设计和合成化合物JQAD1和生物素-JQAD1。通过核磁共振(NMR)和液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)进一步确认这些化合物的结构和纯度。
动物.将8周龄雌性NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ(NSGTM)小鼠(JacksonLaboratories,目录编号:0005557)用于肿瘤异种移植研究。对于最大耐受剂量测试,使用C57BL/6-Crbntm1.1Ble/J小鼠(Jackson Laboratories,目录编号:032487)。对于药物代谢动力学研究,使用Crl:CD1(ICR)小鼠(Charles River Laboratories,目录编号022)。表2中列出了另外的细节,包括试剂或资源名称、来源和标识符。
定量和统计分析.如所述分析来自与高通量测序耦合的染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP-Seq)和CRISPR-Cas9筛选的数据。通过混合效应建模和双侧方差分析(ANOVA)来分析动物实验的肿瘤体积和重量平均值,并通过对数秩检验分析存活。采用单侧或双侧ANOV与事后Tukey检验、双侧t检验或单侧或双侧Fisher精确检验(适用于多重或成对比较)分析其他数据。除非另有说明,否则将统计学显著性定义为p<0.05。用GraphPad Prism7.01分析数据,并且除非另有说明,否则所有误差棒均表示标准偏差。
表2.关键资源
表2.关键资源(续)
表2.关键资源(续)
表2.关键资源(续)
实施例2:细胞存活力测定.
将细胞用编码sgRNA的慢病毒感染或用如所述的化合物处理。通过以500个细胞/孔在6孔培养皿中重新平铺细胞来进行集落测定,并在常规生长培养基中生长10d,然后进行100%甲醇固定、0.05%结晶紫染色和定量。一式三份完成实验;显示的数据是三次独立实验的平均值。按照制造商说明书进行Cell测定。简单地说,将1000个细胞/孔平铺到96孔板中,并用一定范围的化合物给药处理。根据制造商的方案,通过Cell测定基于发光在所述时间点处测量细胞活力,并在Envision 2104(USA)上读取。
实施例3:碘化丙啶-细胞周期分析.
将细胞用编码单向导RNA(sgRNA)的慢病毒感染或用如所述的化合物处理所述时长。然后使用无菌刮刀使细胞脱离与板的粘附,之后离心,抽吸培养基,并在37℃在低渗柠檬酸盐-碘化丙啶(PI)溶液中重悬30分钟(Tate等Cytometry 4:211-215(1983))。在FACSAriaTMII(BD Biosciences)上分析之前,使用5M NaCl稳定细胞核。使用v10.7(BD Biosciences)进行细胞周期阶段的分析。
实施例4:慢病毒感染.
使用293T细胞中产生的慢病毒颗粒生成稳定且可诱导的表达cas9的细胞系。简单地说,从Addgene获得lenticas9(质粒编号52962)、pCW-cas9-Blast(编号83481)和pLKO.5-EGFP(编号57822)质粒。使用lipofectamine 2000(InvitrogenTM)以及pMD2.G(Addgene质粒编号12259)和psPAX2(编号12260),通过标准方法转染质粒以生成病毒颗粒。通过标准方法在pLKO.5-EFGP内亚克隆靶向单个基因的sgRNA。用lenticas9感染Kelly、SIMA、BE2C和NGP细胞,之后进行杀稻瘟素选择。通过使用cas9抗体(Cell Signaling)对蛋白质裂解物进行蛋白质印迹法来确立cas9的稳定表达。在感染pLKO.5-EGFP-sgRNA慢病毒后,将细胞培养标识的时间,然后进行评价。用pLC-zsgreen或pLC-CRBN慢病毒感染BE2C细胞,并使用500μg/mL潮霉素(InvitrogenTM)进行选择。
实施例5:蛋白质印迹法、免疫沉淀和蛋白质组学分析.
如Durbin等Nat.Genet.50:1240-1246(2018)和Wang等Nat.Commun.10:5622(2019)中所述,将培养物中生长的细胞裂解为全细胞裂解物。根据制造商的方案,使用核裂解物试剂盒(Thermo ScientificTM)制备核裂解物。用总组蛋白提取试剂盒(Epigentek)制备染色质裂解物。简单地说,在转移之前通过使用4-12% Bis-TrisNuPAGETM凝胶(Thermo-Fisher Scientific)的蛋白质印迹法和使用针对以下的一级抗体的免疫印迹法来解析等量的蛋白质:MYCN(1:1000,Cell Signaling)、H3K27ac(1:1000,Abcam)、总H3(1:1000,Cell Signaling)、EP300(1:1000,Abcam)、CBP(1:500,Cell Signaling)、Cas9(1:1000,Cell Signaling)、切割的PARP1(1:1000,Cell Signaling Technology)、切割的半胱天冬酶-3(1:1000,Cell Signaling)、β-肌动蛋白(1:1000,Cell Signaling)、GATA3(1:1000,EMD MilliporeTM)、TFAP2β(1:1000,Cell Signaling)、粘着斑蛋白(1:1000,EMD MilliporeTM)、CRBN(1:1000,Cell Signaling)、HAND2(1:1000,Santa Cruz Biotechnology)。二级抗体是在暴露于增强的化学发光试剂(GE,Amersham)之前孵育的辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)缀合的抗兔或抗小鼠(1:5000,Santa Cruz Biotechnology)。对于免疫沉淀,如Mansour等,Science 346:1373-1377(2014)中所述,将等量的蛋白质在缓冲液C中稀释,并根据制造商说明与共价缀合到DynabeadsTMM-270珠粒(Thermo-Fisher Scientific)的抗体一起孵育过夜。所用的抗体包括:H3K27ac、EP300(Abcam)、CBP、TFAP2β(Cell Signaling)、兔免疫球蛋白G(IgG)(Santa Cruz)。按照制造商的说明书分离免疫沉淀的蛋白质,并如上文所述进行蛋白质印迹法或质谱。
实施例6:SILAC和H3K27ac共-IP质谱.
为了分析JQAD1对核蛋白质组的作用,用重13C6 15N2 L-赖氨酸和13C6 15N4 L-精氨酸(“重”标记的细胞)或正常L-赖氨酸和L-精氨酸(“轻”标记的细胞)标记Kelly细胞。用1μMJQAD1处理重标记的细胞,并用等同浓度的DMSO将轻标记的细胞处理24h,然后使用核裂解试剂盒(Thermo Fisher Scientific)制备核裂解物。还裂解未处理的重细胞和轻细胞以获得作为对照的核蛋白质。汇集750μg重核裂解物和轻核裂解物,并通过标准方法进行三氯乙酸沉淀。将沉淀的蛋白质重悬于4X Laemmli样品缓冲液中,煮沸并通过标准方法通过SDS-PAGE分离。基于分子量将凝胶划分成两个区段,切割成1mm3块并进行改进的凝胶内胰蛋白酶消化程序(Shevchenko等Anal.Chem.68:850-858(1996))。简单地说,将凝胶块洗涤,用乙腈脱水,并在4℃在含有12.5ng/μL经修饰的测序级胰蛋白酶的50mM碳酸氢铵溶液中再水合。然后将样品洗涤并在50mM碳酸氢铵溶液中于37℃孵育>16h。通过在50%乙腈和1%甲酸中洗涤提取肽,并通过speed-Vac干燥。为了分析,如Peng and Gygi,J.Mass.Spectrom.36:1083-91(2001)中所述,将样品在高效液相色谱(HPLC)溶剂A(2.5%乙腈、0.1%甲酸)中重构,并加载到纳米级反相HPLC毛细管柱(熔融二氧化硅毛细管中的2.6μm C18球形二氧化硅珠粒)上。经由FAMOSTM自动取样器(LCPackings,San Francisco,CA)加载样品。用增加浓度的溶剂B(97.5%乙腈、0.1%甲酸)洗脱肽,并进行电喷雾电离,然后进入LTQ Orbitrap Velos ProTM离子阱质谱仪(ThermoFisher Scientific)。对肽进行检测、分离和片段化以产生每种肽的特定片段离子的串联质谱。通过(Thermo Fisher Scientific)将蛋白质数据库与获得的片段化模式匹配来确定肽序列和蛋白质同一性(Eng等J.Am.Soc.Mass Spectrom.5:976-89(1994))。所有数据库均包括所有肽序列的反向版本,并且将数据过滤到百分之一到百分之二的肽错误发现率。独立重复处理三次,并独立进行三次质谱。使用肽和指定蛋白质的总和比率来计算丰度的变化,将24h(处理的)样品的重肽与轻肽进行比较,针对0h对照进行归一化。在三个独立的质谱评估中,检测到2493种蛋白质,过滤在0h以可检测速率存在的蛋白质。通过学生t检验确定蛋白质丰度,将0h丰度与24h丰度进行比较。
对于H3K27ac的共免疫沉淀/质谱分析,如上文所述处理在常规生长培养基中生长的BE2C和Kelly细胞以收集核裂解物。如所详述的,使用与H3K27ac抗体(Abcam)或正常兔IgG(Santa Cruz)共价结合的DynabeadsTMM270磁珠,在4℃使750μg核蛋白质免疫沉淀>16h,然后按照制造商说明书(InvitrogenTM)洗涤并洗脱免疫沉淀的蛋白质。如上文所述对洗脱的蛋白质进行三氯乙酸沉淀、胰蛋白酶消化和质谱。在BE2C和Kelly细胞中的每一个中进行两个独立的共免疫沉淀/质谱实验。总共在Kelly细胞中鉴别出366和281种蛋白质与H3K27ac和兔IgG相互作用,并且在BE2C细胞中鉴别出1323和1113种蛋白质。将由H3K27ac和兔IgG两者鉴别的蛋白质作为非特异性结合物去除,分别在Kelly和BE2C细胞中产生与H3K27ac的167和492种蛋白质相互作用物。高置信度蛋白质被定义为在Kelly和BE2C细胞两者中发现的亚组。该亚组是表3中所展示的总共n=35种蛋白质,其中使用基因本体(Gene Ontology)和PANTHER分析来鉴别基因身份和功能(基因本体论协会(The GeneOntology Consortium),Nucleic Acids Res 43:D1049-56(2015);Mi等Nat.Protoc.8:1551-1566(2013))。
表3.通过共免疫沉淀质谱分析鉴别的H3K27ac相关蛋白质.
表3显示通过共免疫沉淀/质谱解析的在BE2C和Kelly细胞两者中被鉴别为与H3K27ac相互作用的蛋白质。正常兔IgG用作阴性对照。这些高置信度蛋白质在每个细胞系的两个独立的Co-IP/质谱反应中被鉴别,在Kelly和BE2C细胞中发现,而在IgG对照中没有。还证实了每种蛋白质的通过进化关系进行蛋白质注释(PANTHER)的蛋白质类别。
实施例7:体内研究.
遵循Dana-Farber癌症研究所动物护理和使用委员会(Dana-Farber CancerInstitute Animal Care and Use Committee)批准的方案。根据机构指南维持动物。将8周龄雌性NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ(NSGTM)小鼠(Jackson Laboratories,目录编号:0005557)用于肿瘤异种移植研究。对于最大耐受剂量测试,使用C57BL/6-Crbntm1.1Ble/J小鼠(Jackson Laboratories,目录编号:032487)。对于药物代谢动力学研究,使用Crl:CD1(ICR)小鼠(Charles River Laboratories,目录编号022)。
对于毒性研究,向四只雌性CD1小鼠(Charles River Laboratories)腹膜内(IP)注射单剂量的溶解于无菌水中的10%羟丙基β环糊精中的10mg/Kg(R,S)-JQAD1。在注射后,通过液相色谱与串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析,通过在直到24h的时间点连续测量动物血清来测量(R,S)-JQAD1的血液浓度。使用LC-MS/MS方法在中国上海的ChemPartner进行药物代谢动力学分析,并使用非房室模型用6.2版统计软件(Pharsight公司)计算药物代谢动力学参数(Tmax、Cmax、T1/2、AUC等)。对于最大耐受剂量(MTD)测试,用10、20或40mg/Kg的(R,S)-JQAD1的每日IP剂量治疗六只雌性CD1小鼠。每天监测动物的动物体重、梳理和行为,未观察明显作用。对于人源化CRBN敲入(Balb/cCRBNILE391VAL)(Jackson Laboratories)中的MTD测试,通过IP注射用媒介物对照或(R,S)-JQAD1以40mg/Kg/天治疗每个处理组的6只小鼠。每天监测动物体重、行为和梳理,持续总共21天。在第14天,每个处理组处死三只小鼠并固定组织用于免疫组织化学。通过眶后穿刺获得血液样品,并在Beth Israel DeAconess医学中心(Boston,MA)的小型动物成像设施(Small Animal Imaging Facility)处,在9500FS(Drew Scientific)上分析血液以进行血细胞计数、肌酐、AST、ALT、ALP、GGTP和BUN测量。
对于肿瘤研究,向8周龄雌性NSGTM小鼠(Jackson Laboratories)皮下植入50%matrigel/PBS中的2.5×106个Kelly细胞。将小鼠分配到三组:媒介物(n=11)、JQAD1(40mg/kg/天)(n=12)或JQAD1(40mg/kg,每天两次)(n=12),通过IP注射。一旦肿瘤植入并达到100-150mm3,就开始用小分子抑制剂治疗。将小鼠治疗21天,然后跟踪存活。通过卡尺测量肿瘤,并且每三天对小鼠称重。当肿瘤长度或宽度达到2,000mm时,或者如果动物濒死,则根据机构指南对动物实施安乐死。通过双向ANOVA与事后Tukey检验在每个时间点比较肿瘤大小。通过逻辑回归和混合效应双因素ANOVA与事后Tukey检验分析肿瘤生长曲线动力学,以确定处理组之间的生长动力学是否不同。
单独地,如上文所述异种移植八只动物,并用媒介物(n=4)或JQAD1(n=4)以40mg/Kg每天IP治疗14天。在第14天处死这些动物,然后提取肿瘤,并分开进行免疫组织化学分析或通过RNA测序(RNA-seq)分析RNA表达。
实施例8:免疫组织化学.
在BondTMIII自动化染色平台上进行免疫组织化学。使用具有柠檬酸盐抗原修复的Biosystems Refine检测试剂盒,以1:50稀释度运行来自Cell Signaling的抗体EP300(目录编号86377,克隆D8Z4E)。使用具有乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)抗原修复的Biosystems Refine检测试剂盒以1:200运行抗体KAT3A/CBP(目录编号ab2832,多克隆,Abcam)。
实施例9:RNA-seq和分析.
对于体外分析,使用TRIzol试剂(Ambion)从对照A485或JQAD1处理的Kelly细胞中提取总RNA。在提取之前,基于细胞数(Ambion)添加合成外部RNA对照协会(ERCC)RNA对照的外源掺标物。用无RNA酶的DNA酶I处理样品,并使用RNeasy试剂盒旋转纯化。对纯化的RNA样品进行利用多聚腺苷酸化制备的文库构建,以及使用Illumina500(配对末端,75bp读段)的测序。
使用hisat 2.1.0,将RNA-seq读段与含有人参考基因组的hg19修订版和ERCC掺标探针的序列的参考索引进行比对。使用分选的BAMs、使用ERCC大小构建的基因参考和2017年7月15日下载的RefSeq基因以及具有参数-I gene_id-stranded=reverse-f bam-mintersection-strict的htseq-count来定量表达。将读段计数转换为每百万转录物(TPM)并用于细胞数量归一化。所有RefSeq基因和ERCC探针的表达下限均为0.01,并向所有条目添加0.1的假计数。通过使用来自affy R包的normalize.loess平衡实验中ERCC探针的表达来归一化值。
将每个基因在A485或JQAD1处理24h后的ERCC归一化表达与其在二甲亚砜(DMSO)处理的样品中的表达进行比较,以产生两倍变化。然后通过使用MSigDB中的基因本体标志(H)集合(gene ontology hallmarks(H)collection)的基因集富集分析(GSEA)来分析这些数据,以确定JQAD1相对于A485处理的细胞中凋亡标志基因集的相对富集(基因本体论协会,Nucleic Acids Res 43:D1049-56(2015);Subramanian等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.102:15545-50(2005))。
对于体内分析,从用媒介物磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)处理的动物中移出肿瘤,然后通过0.45微米过滤器过滤单细胞。然后如上文所述将单细胞悬浮液溶解于TRIzolTM(Ambion)中,进行处理,包括ERCC RNA掺标对照,用无RNA酶的DNA酶I处理,和旋转纯化。在制备后,对于四种媒介物对照和三种JQAD1处理的肿瘤样本,有足够的材料进行RNAseq分析。对纯化的RNA样品进行利用低输入RNA方案、之后多聚腺苷酸化制备的文库构建,以及使用Illumina500(配对末端,75bp读段)的测序。
首先使用hisat2 v2.1以配对末端模式将用于体内模型的RNA-seq的原始读段针对小鼠基因组的mm9修订版进行比对,以滤出污染的小鼠读段。将剩余读段与含有人参考的hg19修订版和ERCC掺标探针的序列的参考基因组进行比对。使用分选的BAMs、使用ERCC大小构建的基因参考和2017年7月15日下载的RefSeq基因以及具有参数-I gene_id-stranded=reverse-f bam-mintersection-strict的htseq-count来定量表达。将读段计数转换为每百万转录物(TPM)并用于细胞数量归一化。所有RefSeq基因和ERCC探针的表达下限均为0.01,并向所有条目添加0.1的假计数。通过使用来自affy R包的normalize.loess平衡实验中ERCC探针的表达来归一化值。
然后使用来源于Durbin等Nat.Genet.50:1240-6(2018)、Oldridge等Nature 528:418-21(2015)和Wang等Nat.Commun.10:5622(2019)以及可以GEO数据库保藏号GSE94822获得的H3K27ac数据,将基因注释为由超级增强子(n=671)或典型增强子(n=27116)控制。为了将基因身份注释为“转录因子”,从Lambert等,Cell 175:598-9(2018)获得1639个高置信度人转录因子的列表,并用于注释RNAseq数据。使用Benjamini和Hochberg的原始方法,通过ANOVA与多重假设检验比较数据,将JQAD1处理的样品中ERCC控制的RNAseq表达与媒介物处理的对照进行比较(Benjamini和Hochberg,Stat.Soc,Series B 57:289-300(1995))。
实施例10:生物素-JQAD1下拉测定.
将下面合成的生物素-JQAD1添加到在免疫沉淀(IP)裂解缓冲液(PierceTMBiotechnology)中制备的500μg全Kelly细胞裂解物中,并在4℃在上下颠倒混合下孵育16h。将100μL高容量链霉抗生物素蛋白琼脂糖树脂(PierceTMBiotechnology)填充到1.5mL Eppendorf中,用冷PBS洗涤三次,然后添加细胞裂解物。将裂解物在室温孵育10分钟,然后离心和洗涤,之后在具有还原剂(Thermo-Fisher Scientific)的NuPAGETMLDS样品缓冲液中洗脱。如上通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)处理样品,并使用抗EP300抗体、抗CRBN抗体或抗CBP抗体进行印迹。
实施例11:
测定.
在对制造商的方案(USA)进行最小修改的情况下进行测定。简单地说,将最终浓度为50nM的CRBN-DDB1、20μg/mL的Ni包被的受体珠粒和15nM生物素化的泊马度胺的组分的2x溶液以10μL添加到384孔板(AlphaPlate-384,USA)中。使用Janus Workstation(USA)通过针转移(pin transfer)添加来自储备板的于DMSO中的100nL化合物。将链霉抗生物素蛋白包被的供体珠粒(最终20μg/mL)添加到溶液中,之后在室温孵育1小时,并根据制造商的方案在Envision 2104(USA)上读数。
实施例12:公共数据库表达分析.
使用R2数据库或DepMap门户进行可公开获得的表达数据集的分析。使用20Q1数据发布进行RNA表达和蛋白质组学表达的癌细胞系百科全书分析(Ghandi等Nature 569:503-8(2019);Nusinow等Cell 180:387-402(2020))。使用n=649个原发性肿瘤样品的Kocak神经母细胞瘤数据集进行R2数据库分析(Kocak等Cell Death Dis.4:e586(2013))。
实施例13:基序富集分析.
比较Kelly和BE2C细胞中的CBP和EP300 ChIP-Seq峰,以去除由两种因子结合的峰。对于每个细胞系,使用bedtools intersect-v-f 0.5-r(其过滤因子之间共享50%或更多的区域)确定独特富集P300或CBP的区域。这些独特的ChIP-seq峰是:在Kelly细胞中,EP300的9274个峰中的7924个和CBP的2160个峰中的717个;在BE2C细胞中,EP300的8645个峰中的5679个和CBP的3732个峰中的666个。在每个亚组中,如Mariani等Cell Syst.5:187-201(2017)中所述进行基序富集分析。简单地说,鉴别出如通过来自寻峰(peak calling)的FDR所评价的500个最高置信度ChIP-seq窄峰并且将其在峰顶点周围修整到200bp。使用具有默认人设置(启动子重叠、重复重叠、GC含量、CpG二核苷酸频率)的GENRE软件生成500个200bp序列的背景集,每个序列对应于修整的峰。将44个位置权重矩阵的集合人工整理为序列特异性转录因子(TF)家族的代表性谱系,包括与神经母细胞瘤细胞系中先前确定的主转录因子相关的基序(GATA3、TFAP2β、ISL1、MEIS2、PHOX2B、TCF3和TWIST2)。通过比较修整的峰和相关的背景序列,使用公认的基于接收者操作曲线下面积(area under the receiveroperator curve,AUROC)的度量来定量TF基序富集,该度量评估与背景序列集相比500个最高置信度峰(前景集)中TF基序的存在(Gordan等Genome Res.19:2090-2100(2009))。对于AUROC定量,如Mariani等Cell Syst.5:187-201(2017)(http://thebrain.bwh.harvard.edu/glossary-GENRE/download.html)中所述分析TF ChIP-seq数据,其包括使用R函数“matchPWM”(R包“biostrings”)针对每个序列对每个PWM进行评分,以及评价调整的p值以确保统计显著性。在两个细胞系中,TFAP2β(PWM M5912_1,来自CISBP数据库1.02版)是显示相关差异富集(即EP300独特峰中富集高于0.6AUROC(p值<0.001),而CBP独特峰中没有富集(AUROC为约0.5,p值>0.1))的唯一PWM。
实施例14:同时剖析混合物中的相对抑制(Profiling Relative Inhibition
Simultaneously in Mixtures,PRISM)筛选.
如Corsello等Nat.Med.23:405-8(2017)和Corsello等Nat Cancer1:235-48(2020)中所述,使用JQAD1在578个形码化的细胞系中进行PRISM形码化的汇集筛选。对筛选中包括的一些细胞系进行遗传工程改造以表达外源基因,并且去除这些细胞系以产生557个细胞系。简单地说,将20-25个细胞系的池中的细胞解冻并平铺到含有化合物(最高浓度:10μM,8点,三倍稀释)的384孔板(对于贴壁细胞池为1250个细胞/孔,对于悬浮液或混合的悬浮液/贴壁细胞池为2000个细胞/孔)中。一式三份测试所有条件。在5天处理后裂解细胞,并且如Corsello等Cancer 1:235-48(2020)中所述实施来自裂解物的条形码丰度的基于mRNA的检测。将Luminex中值荧光强度(MFI)数据输入到标准化R管道(pipeline),以生成每个细胞系和处理条件相对于媒介物处理的活力估计值,并从活力数据拟合剂量-应答曲线。
实施例15:STRING数据库分析.
在Durbin等Nat.Genet.50:1240-6(2018)中鉴别了神经母细胞瘤特异性遗传依赖性(n=146)。将依赖性基因与基因本体项“细胞组分-细胞核”相交以得到编码核因子的依赖性基因的列表(n=84)(基因本体论协会,Nucleic Acids Res.43:D1049-56(2015);和Karka等,Nat.Protoc.8:1551-66(2013))。将这些基因输入到String数据库中,以使用中等置信度相互作用评分和隐藏未链接节点来生成相互作用标绘图。网络边缘反映了相互作用的证据(Szklarczyk等Nucleic Acids Res.43:D447-52(2015))。颜色指示靶向蛋白质的市售化合物(红色=是,灰色=否)。
实施例16:全基因组占位性分析.
如先前针对细胞系所述进行ChIP-seq(Durbin等Nat.Genet.50:1240-6(2018))。将以下抗体用于CHIP:EP300(Abcam,ab10485)、CBP(编号7389,Cell Signaling)、TFAP2β(编号2509,Cell Signaling)、ASCL1(sc-374104,Santa Cruz Biotechnology)和H3K27ac(Abcam ab4729)。对于每个芯片,将10μg抗体添加到3ml声波处理的核提取物中。如Mansour等,Science 346,1373-7(2014)和Sanda等,Cancer Cell 22:209-21(2012)中所述进行测序、文库构建和ChIP-seq分析方法。从通过GEO门户可获得的先前公开的数据集(GSE120074、GSE94822、GSE65664)中提取剩余的ChIP-seq和转座酶可接近染色质测定(ATAC)-测序数据。对于涉及分析H3K27ac中的定量变化的实验,在声波处理之前,将神经母细胞瘤细胞的沉淀与类似固定和处理的S2细胞以1:10比率经外部掺入。
实施例17:细胞系ChIP-seq和ATAC-seq处理和展示.
使用具有参数-k 2-m 2-e 70-best和-l(设定为读段长度)的bowtie将读段与人基因组(hg19)进行比对。为了可视化,使用具有参数-w-S-space=50-nomodel-shiftsize=200的MACS1.4从比对的ChIP-seq读段位置创建WIG文件,以将读段人工延伸到200bp并计算其在50bp箱(bin)中的密度。然后将50bp箱中的读段计数归一化为数百万个映射读段,给出每百万读段(rpm)值。使用IGV 2.4.10(Broad Institute)进行基因座特异性可视化。
实施例18:ChIP-seq富集区域.
使用具有对应对照和参数keep-dup=auto和-p 1e-9的MACS1.4.2鉴别富集ChIP-seq信号的区域。由来自相应细胞系的主转录因子(HAND2、ISL1、PHOX2B、GATA3、TBX2、ASCL1、TFAP2β)峰的折叠并集(collapsed union)产生图2B、图2C、图9A和图9B中展示的区域。
实施例19:ChIP-seq覆盖热图.
使用具有参数-m 50-r-f 1的bamToGFF在以每个塌缩峰(collapsed peak)的中间为中心的4kb窗口中针对热图展示定量ChIP-seq和ATAC-Seq信号。通过整个展示窗口中的MYCN信号(图2C和图9B)或EP300与CBP的比率对行进行排序。使用具有参数-m 1-r的bamToGFF,在以每个塌缩的主TF结合位点的中间为中心的500bp窗口中计算EP300/CBP比率。
实施例20:ChIP-RX对准和处理.
在多个步骤中对来自用500nM JQAD1处理的Kelly细胞的ChIP-RX读段进行比对。将读段与具有-k 1-chunkmbs 256--best的黑腹果蝇参考基因组的dm6修订版进行比对,以鉴别掺标的DNA。通过对比对读段文件中的独特读段名称计数来确定果蝇读段的计数。将剩余的非果蝇读段与具有参数-k 2-m 2-chunkmbs 256-best-l 75的人参考基因组的hg19修订版进行比对。使用具有参数-w-S-space=50-nomodel-shiftsize=200的macs 1.4构建可视化文件,以生成wiggle文件,随后通过对应样品中数百万个果蝇映射读数对其进行归一化。
实施例21:超级增强子和典型增强子识别和分配.
使用ROSE和如上文所述生成的单端BAM鉴别Kelly异种移植物中的超级增强子(Mansour等Science 346:1373-7(2014))。简单地说,使用具有参数集-keep-dup=auto-p1e-9和-keep-dup=all-p 1e-9的MACS鉴别H3K27ac的两组峰。如Durbin等Nat.Genet.50:1240-6(2018))中所述,丢弃接触区域chr2:14817188-17228298的鉴别峰,因为它们落在MYCN周围的基因组扩增区域内。如Mansour等Science 346:1373-7(2014)中所述,进行一些修改,将使用不接触丢弃的MYCN近端区域的两个MACS参数集调用的区域的折叠并集用作ROSE的输入。如果H3K27ac峰彼此在12500bp内,则以计算方式缝合H3K27ac峰,尽管完全包含在离RefSeq启动子+/-2000bp内的峰被排除在缝合之外。这些缝合增强子通过其减去输入信号的H3K27ac信号(长度*密度)来分级。超级增强子在几何上被定义为线y=x与曲线相切的点上方的那些增强子。缝合增强子(Stitched enhancer)(典型增强子和超级增强子)被分配给转录起始位点最接近缝合增强子的中心的单个活性基因。活性基因通过取按其H3K27ac信号分级的所有RefSeq启动子的前三分之二(+/-500bp)来确定。使用具有参数-e200-m 1-r-d的bamToGFF确定启动子中的H3K27ac信号。
使用具有参数-t TRUE的bamToGFF定量缝合增强子的H3K27ac ChIP-RX读段覆盖率,并将其除以数百万个映射读段,从中减去来自对应输入实验的每百万读段值。将这些值用于在治疗时程期间产生倍数变化。
实施例22:DepMap依赖性分析.
使用20Q2数据集从DepMap门户检索依赖性数据的分析。对于两个基因EP300和CBP,提取依赖性数据作为所有细胞系(n=757)的依赖性概率。将细胞系注释到如DepMap门户所述的谱系。通过提取19个神经母细胞瘤细胞系(SIMA、KPNYN、SKNDZ、SKNFI、CHP212、NB1、LS、Kelly、COGN305、COGN278、SKNBE2、LAN2、SKNAS、NGP、IMR32、GIMEN、NB1643、MHHNB11、CHLA15)中对EP300或CBP的依赖性概率并与表明细胞系可能依赖于所示基因的>0.5的依赖性概率进行比较,来鉴别神经母细胞瘤细胞系中的特异性依赖性(Meyers等Nat.Genet.49:1779-84(2017);Oberlick等Cell Rep 28:2331-44(2019))。对于跨所有肿瘤细胞系的分析(图7A-图7B),将依赖性概率的平均值和标准偏差用作连续度量。单个细胞系的细节可在DepMap门户中获得。20Q2 DepMap发布中的细胞系的谱系和数量是:急性髓性白血病(AML)(n=20)、B细胞白血病(n=11)、淋巴瘤(n=19)、胆管/胆囊癌(n=29)、膀胱癌(n=29)、乳腺癌(n=34)、子宫颈癌(n=12)、未另外指定的肉瘤(NOS)(n=8-软骨肉瘤(n=1)、上皮样肉瘤(n=1)、纤维肉瘤(n=2)、平滑肌肉瘤(n=1)、多形性肉瘤(n=1)、甲状腺肉瘤(n=1)、未分化肉瘤(n=1))、脊索瘤(n=3)、慢性髓性白血病(CML)(n=7)、结直肠癌(n=37)、子宫内膜/子宫癌(n=26)、食道癌(n=23)、尤因肉瘤(Ewing sarcoma)(n=15)、眼癌(n=4)、胃癌(n=26)、胶质母细胞瘤(n=33)、神经胶质瘤(n=17)、头颈癌(n=32)、肾癌(n=21)、脂肪肉瘤(n=5)、肝癌(n=22)、肺癌(n=106)、髓母细胞瘤(n=8)、黑色素瘤(n=41)、多发性骨髓瘤(n=20)、神经母细胞瘤(n=19)、骨肉瘤(n=8)、卵巢癌(n=42)、胰腺癌(n=34)、横纹肌样肿瘤(n=7)、横纹肌肉瘤(n=11)、鳞状细胞癌(n=4)、滑膜肉瘤(n=5)、T急性白血病(n=3)和甲状腺癌(n=6)。从分析中去除来自具有少于3个细胞系的谱系的数据。
实施例23:JQAD1的合成.
方案1:JQAD1(12-((2-(2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代异吲哚啉-5-基)氨基)-N-((R)-3'-(2-((4-氟苄基)((S)-1,1,1-三氟丙-2-基)氨基)-2-氧代乙基)-2',4'-二氧代-2,3-二氢螺[茚-1,5'-噁唑烷]-5-基)十二烷酰胺)的合成。根据Michaelides等,ACSMed.Chem.Lett.9:28-33(2018)和国际专利公开WO2020/006157A1合成化合物Int-1和Int-2。在50-mL烧瓶中,向Int-1(500mg,1.04mmol,1.0eq.)和Int-2(492mg,1.04mmol,1eq.)于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF,10mL,0.1M)中的混合物中添加N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)(349μL,2.09mmol,2eq.)和六氟磷酸氮杂苯并三唑四甲基脲鎓(HATU)(793mg,2.09mmol,2eq.)。将反应混合物在25℃搅拌2h。在反应完成后,通过硅胶色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷,20-90%梯度)直接纯化混合物,并在减压下去除溶剂,得到呈黄色粉末的JQAD1(700mg,72%产率)。
1HNMR(500MHz,丙酮-d6)9.90(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),9.26(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),7.90(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.59(td,J=7.8,2.7Hz,1H),7.49(d,J=9.7Hz,3H),7.36-7.31(m,1H),7.22(t,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.13-7.00(m,3H),6.42(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),5.51(p,J=7.8Hz,1H),5.07(ddd,J=12.1,7.6,4.2Hz,2H),4.97-4.81(m,1H),4.67(dd,J=71.1,16.7Hz,1H),4.43(dd,J=90.6,16.6Hz,1H),3.38(q,J=6.3Hz,2H),3.28-3.04(m,2H),3.03-2.85(m,3H),2.85-2.70(m,4H),2.56(dddd,J=14.5,12.1,8.6,4.2Hz,1H),2.39(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.27-2.17(m,1H),2.07(p,J=2.2Hz,2H),1.73-1.67(m,4H),1.39(dd,J=38.4,5.3Hz,12H)。
MS(ESI),C48H52F4N6O9的计算值:932.37,实测值:[M+1]933.36。
实施例24:生物素-JQAD1的合成.
Int-3((6-((((R)-3'-(2-((4-氟苄基)((S)-1,1,1-三氟丙-2-基)氨基)-2-氧代乙基)-2',4'-二氧代-2,3-二氢螺[茚-1,5'-噁唑烷]-5-基)甲基)氨基)-6-氧代己烷-1,5-二基)二氨基甲酸(9H-芴-9-基)甲酯叔丁酯)
向Int-1(20.0mg,0.042mmol,1eq.)、Boc-Lys(Fmoc)-OH(19.7mg,0.042mmol,1eq.)于DMF(3mL,0.14M)中的溶液中添加DIPEA(14.0μL,0.084mmol,2eq.)和HATU(31.9mg,0.084mmol,2eq.)。将反应混合物在25℃搅拌2h。在反应完成后,通过硅胶色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷,20-90%梯度)直接纯化混合物,并在减压下去除溶剂,得到呈黄色粉末的int-3(33.7mg,85%产率)。
MS(ESI),C50H53F4N5O9的计算值:943.38,实测值:[M+1]944.39。
方案2:生物素-JQAD1(6-(6-((2-(2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代异吲哚啉-5-基)氨基)己酰氨基)-N-(-3'-(2-((4-氟苄基)((S)-1,1,1-三氟丙-2-基)氨基)-2-氧代乙基)-2',4'-二氧代-2,3-二氢螺[茚-1,5'-噁唑烷]-5-基)-2-(5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-氧代六氢-1H-噻吩并[3,4-d]44咪唑-4-基)戊酰氨基)己酰胺)的合成
Int-4((6-氨基-1-((((R)-3'-(2-((4-氟苄基)((S)-1,1,1-三氟丙-2-基)氨基)-2-氧代乙基)-2',4'-二氧代-2,3-二氢螺[茚-1,5'-噁唑烷]-5-基)甲基)氨基)-1-氧代己-2-基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯)
向Int-3(33.7mg,0.036mmol)于二氯甲烷(DCM)(2mL,0.018M)中的溶液中逐滴添加二乙胺(1mL)。将反应物在25℃搅拌1h。在减压下去除溶剂,并将所得残余物通过硅胶色谱(MeOH/DCM,0-10%梯度)纯化。在减压下去除溶剂,得到呈无色油状物的Int-4(25.4mg,95%产率)。
MS(ESI),C35H43F4N5O7的计算值:721.31,实测值:[M+1]722.35。
根据国际专利公开WO2020/006157A1合成Int-5。
Int-6((6-(6-((2-(2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代异吲哚啉-5-基)氨基)己酰氨基)-1-(((R)-3'-(2-((4-氟苄基)((S)-1,1,1-三氟丙-2-基)氨基)-2-氧代乙基)-2',4'-二氧代-2,3-二氢螺[茚-1,5'-噁唑烷]-5-基)氨基)-1-氧代己-2-基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯)
向Int-4(20.0mg,0.028mmol,1eq.)和Int-5(11.9mg,0.028mmol,1eq.)于DMF(2mL,0.014M)中的溶液中添加DIPEA(9.33μL,0.056mmol,2eq.)、HATU(21.3mg,0.084mmol,2eq.)。将反应混合物在25℃搅拌2h。在反应完成后,通过硅胶色谱(MeOH/DCM,0-10%梯度)纯化混合物,并在减压下去除溶剂,得到呈黄色油状物的Int-6(21.1mg,70%产率)。
Int-7(2-氨基-6-(6-((2-(2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代异吲哚啉-5-基)氨基)己酰氨基)-N-((R)-3'-(2-((4-氟苄基)((S)-1,1,1-三氟丙-2-基)氨基)-2-氧代乙基)-2',4'-二氧代-2,3-二氢螺[茚-1,5'-噁唑烷]-5-基)己酰胺)
向Int-6(21.1mg,0.020mmol)于DCM(2mL,0.01M)中的溶液中逐滴添加三氟乙酸(TFA)(1mL)。将反应物在25℃搅拌1h,并在减压下去除溶剂。对所得残余物不进一步纯化即进行下一步反应。
向Int-7和生物素(2.45mg,0.010mmol,1eq.)于DMF(1mL,0.01M)中的溶液中添加DIPEA(3.33μL,0.020mmol,2eq.)和HATU(7.51mg,0.020mmol,2eq.)。将所得混合物在25℃搅拌2h。在反应完成后,通过硅胶色谱(MeOH/DCM,0-10%梯度)纯化混合物,并在减压下去除溶剂,得到呈黄色油状物的生物素-JQAD1(5.3mg,52%产率)。
MS(ESI),C58H66F4N10O12S的计算值:1202.45,实测值:[M+1]1023.48。
其他实施方案
虽然已经结合本发明的具体实施方式对本发明进行了描述,但前述描述意在说明而不是限制本发明的范围,本发明的范围由所附权利要求的范围限定。其他方面、优点和修改在所附权利要求书的范围内。
本文提及的专利和科学文献确立了本领域技术人员可获得的知识。本文引用的所有美国专利和公开或未公开的美国专利申请均以引用方式并入。本文引用的所有公开的外国专利和专利申请均在此以引用方式并入。本文所引用的由保藏号指示的GenBank和NCBI提交物(submission)特此以引用方式并入。本文所引用的所有其他公开的参考文献、文件、手稿和科学文献均特此以引用方式并入。
虽然已参考本发明的优选实施方案具体显示并描述了本发明,但本领域技术人员将理解,可在不脱离由所附权利要求涵盖的本发明的范围的情况下,在其中进行形式和细节上的各种变化。
序列表
<110> 达纳-法伯癌症研究所公司
祁军
A·德宾
<120> EP300降解剂和其在神经母细胞瘤中的用途
<130> 52095-718001WO
<150> 63/158,620
<151> 2021-03-09
<160> 6
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 2388
<212> PRT
<213> 人
<400> 1
Met Ala Glu Asn Val Val Glu Pro Gly Pro Pro Ser Ala Lys Arg Pro
1 5 10 15
Lys Leu Ser Ser Pro Ala Leu Ser Ala Ser Ala Ser Asp Gly Thr Asp
20 25 30
Phe Gly Ser Leu Phe Asp Leu Glu His Asp Leu Pro Asp Glu Leu Ile
35 40 45
Asn Ser Thr Glu Leu Gly Leu Thr Asn Gly Gly Asp Ile Asn Gln Leu
50 55 60
Gln Thr Ser Leu Gly Met Val Gln Asp Ala Ala Ser Lys His Lys Gln
65 70 75 80
Leu Ser Glu Leu Leu Arg Ser Gly Ser Ser Pro Asn Leu Asn Met Gly
85 90 95
Val Gly Gly Pro Gly Gln Val Met Ala Ser Gln Ala Gln Gln Ser Ser
100 105 110
Pro Gly Leu Gly Leu Ile Asn Ser Met Val Lys Ser Pro Met Thr Gln
115 120 125
Ala Gly Leu Thr Ser Pro Asn Met Gly Met Gly Thr Ser Gly Pro Asn
130 135 140
Gln Gly Pro Thr Gln Ser Thr Gly Met Met Asn Ser Pro Val Asn Gln
145 150 155 160
Pro Ala Met Gly Met Asn Thr Gly Met Asn Ala Gly Met Asn Pro Gly
165 170 175
Met Leu Ala Ala Gly Asn Gly Gln Gly Ile Met Pro Asn Gln Val Met
180 185 190
Asn Gly Ser Ile Gly Ala Gly Arg Gly Arg Gln Asn Met Gln Tyr Pro
195 200 205
Asn Pro Gly Met Gly Ser Ala Gly Asn Leu Leu Thr Glu Pro Leu Gln
210 215 220
Gln Gly Ser Pro Gln Met Gly Gly Gln Thr Gly Leu Arg Gly Pro Gln
225 230 235 240
Pro Leu Lys Met Gly Met Met Asn Asn Pro Asn Pro Tyr Gly Ser Pro
245 250 255
Tyr Thr Gln Asn Pro Gly Gln Gln Ile Gly Ala Ser Gly Leu Gly Leu
260 265 270
Gln Ile Gln Thr Lys Thr Val Leu Ser Asn Asn Leu Ser Pro Phe Ala
275 280 285
Met Asp Lys Lys Ala Val Pro Gly Gly Gly Met Pro Asn Met Gly Gln
290 295 300
Gln Pro Ala Pro Gln Val Gln Gln Pro Gly Leu Val Thr Pro Val Ala
305 310 315 320
Gln Gly Met Gly Ser Gly Ala His Thr Ala Asp Pro Glu Lys Arg Lys
325 330 335
Leu Ile Gln Gln Gln Leu Val Leu Leu Leu His Ala His Lys Cys Gln
340 345 350
Arg Arg Glu Gln Ala Asn Gly Glu Val Arg Gln Cys Asn Leu Pro His
355 360 365
Cys Arg Thr Met Lys Asn Val Leu Asn His Met Thr His Cys Gln Ser
370 375 380
Gly Lys Ser Cys Gln Val Ala His Cys Ala Ser Ser Arg Gln Ile Ile
385 390 395 400
Ser His Trp Lys Asn Cys Thr Arg His Asp Cys Pro Val Cys Leu Pro
405 410 415
Leu Lys Asn Ala Gly Asp Lys Arg Asn Gln Gln Pro Ile Leu Thr Gly
420 425 430
Ala Pro Val Gly Leu Gly Asn Pro Ser Ser Leu Gly Val Gly Gln Gln
435 440 445
Ser Ala Pro Asn Leu Ser Thr Val Ser Gln Ile Asp Pro Ser Ser Ile
450 455 460
Glu Arg Ala Tyr Ala Ala Leu Gly Leu Pro Tyr Gln Val Asn Gln Met
465 470 475 480
Pro Thr Gln Pro Gln Val Gln Ala Lys Asn Gln Gln Asn Gln Gln Pro
485 490 495
Gly Gln Ser Pro Gln Gly Met Arg Pro Met Ser Asn Met Ser Ala Ser
500 505 510
Pro Met Gly Val Asn Gly Gly Val Gly Val Gln Thr Pro Ser Leu Leu
515 520 525
Ser Asp Ser Met Leu His Ser Ala Ile Asn Ser Gln Asn Pro Met Met
530 535 540
Ser Glu Asn Ala Ser Val Pro Ser Leu Gly Pro Met Pro Thr Ala Ala
545 550 555 560
Gln Pro Ser Thr Thr Gly Ile Arg Lys Gln Trp His Glu Asp Ile Thr
565 570 575
Gln Asp Leu Arg Asn His Leu Val His Lys Leu Val Gln Ala Ile Phe
580 585 590
Pro Thr Pro Asp Pro Ala Ala Leu Lys Asp Arg Arg Met Glu Asn Leu
595 600 605
Val Ala Tyr Ala Arg Lys Val Glu Gly Asp Met Tyr Glu Ser Ala Asn
610 615 620
Asn Arg Ala Glu Tyr Tyr His Leu Leu Ala Glu Lys Ile Tyr Lys Ile
625 630 635 640
Gln Lys Glu Leu Glu Glu Lys Arg Arg Thr Arg Leu Gln Lys Gln Asn
645 650 655
Met Leu Pro Asn Ala Ala Gly Met Val Pro Val Ser Met Asn Pro Gly
660 665 670
Pro Asn Met Gly Gln Pro Gln Pro Gly Met Thr Ser Ser Leu Asn Gln
675 680 685
Phe Gly Gln Met Ser Met Ala Gln Pro Pro Ile Val Pro Arg Gln Thr
690 695 700
Pro Pro Leu Gln His His Gly Gln Leu Ala Gln Pro Gly Ala Leu Asn
705 710 715 720
Pro Pro Met Gly Tyr Gly Pro Arg Met Gln Gln Pro Ser Asn Gln Gly
725 730 735
Gln Phe Leu Pro Gln Thr Gln Phe Pro Ser Gln Gly Met Asn Val Thr
740 745 750
Asn Ile Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Ser Gln Ala
755 760 765
Gln Met Ser Ser Ser Ser Cys Pro Val Asn Ser Pro Ile Met Pro Pro
770 775 780
Gly Ser Gln Gly Ser His Ile His Cys Pro Gln Leu Pro Gln Pro Ala
785 790 795 800
Leu His Gln Asn Ser Pro Ser Pro Val Pro Ser Arg Thr Pro Thr Pro
805 810 815
His His Thr Pro Pro Ser Ile Gly Ala Gln Gln Pro Pro Ala Thr Thr
820 825 830
Ile Pro Ala Pro Val Pro Thr Pro Pro Ala Met Pro Pro Gly Pro Gln
835 840 845
Ser Gln Ala Leu His Pro Pro Pro Arg Gln Thr Pro Thr Pro Pro Thr
850 855 860
Thr Gln Leu Pro Gln Gln Val Gln Pro Ser Leu Pro Ala Ala Pro Ser
865 870 875 880
Ala Asp Gln Pro Gln Gln Gln Pro Arg Ser Gln Gln Ser Thr Ala Ala
885 890 895
Ser Val Pro Thr Pro Thr Ala Pro Leu Leu Pro Pro Gln Pro Ala Thr
900 905 910
Pro Leu Ser Gln Pro Ala Val Ser Ile Glu Gly Gln Val Ser Asn Pro
915 920 925
Pro Ser Thr Ser Ser Thr Glu Val Asn Ser Gln Ala Ile Ala Glu Lys
930 935 940
Gln Pro Ser Gln Glu Val Lys Met Glu Ala Lys Met Glu Val Asp Gln
945 950 955 960
Pro Glu Pro Ala Asp Thr Gln Pro Glu Asp Ile Ser Glu Ser Lys Val
965 970 975
Glu Asp Cys Lys Met Glu Ser Thr Glu Thr Glu Glu Arg Ser Thr Glu
980 985 990
Leu Lys Thr Glu Ile Lys Glu Glu Glu Asp Gln Pro Ser Thr Ser Ala
995 1000 1005
Thr Gln Ser Ser Pro Ala Pro Gly Gln Ser Lys Lys Lys Ile Phe
1010 1015 1020
Lys Pro Glu Glu Leu Arg Gln Ala Leu Met Pro Thr Leu Glu Ala
1025 1030 1035
Leu Tyr Arg Gln Asp Pro Glu Ser Leu Pro Phe Arg Gln Pro Val
1040 1045 1050
Asp Pro Gln Leu Leu Gly Ile Pro Asp Tyr Phe Asp Ile Val Lys
1055 1060 1065
Ser Pro Met Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Lys Arg Lys Leu Asp Thr Gly
1070 1075 1080
Gln Tyr Gln Glu Pro Trp Gln Tyr Val Asp Asp Ile Trp Leu Met
1085 1090 1095
Phe Asn Asn Ala Trp Leu Tyr Asn Arg Lys Thr Ser Arg Val Tyr
1100 1105 1110
Lys Tyr Cys Ser Lys Leu Ser Glu Val Phe Glu Gln Glu Ile Asp
1115 1120 1125
Pro Val Met Gln Ser Leu Gly Tyr Cys Cys Gly Arg Lys Leu Glu
1130 1135 1140
Phe Ser Pro Gln Thr Leu Cys Cys Tyr Gly Lys Gln Leu Cys Thr
1145 1150 1155
Ile Pro Arg Asp Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Ser Tyr Gln Asn Arg Tyr His
1160 1165 1170
Phe Cys Glu Lys Cys Phe Asn Glu Ile Gln Gly Glu Ser Val Ser
1175 1180 1185
Leu Gly Asp Asp Pro Ser Gln Pro Gln Thr Thr Ile Asn Lys Glu
1190 1195 1200
Gln Phe Ser Lys Arg Lys Asn Asp Thr Leu Asp Pro Glu Leu Phe
1205 1210 1215
Val Glu Cys Thr Glu Cys Gly Arg Lys Met His Gln Ile Cys Val
1220 1225 1230
Leu His His Glu Ile Ile Trp Pro Ala Gly Phe Val Cys Asp Gly
1235 1240 1245
Cys Leu Lys Lys Ser Ala Arg Thr Arg Lys Glu Asn Lys Phe Ser
1250 1255 1260
Ala Lys Arg Leu Pro Ser Thr Arg Leu Gly Thr Phe Leu Glu Asn
1265 1270 1275
Arg Val Asn Asp Phe Leu Arg Arg Gln Asn His Pro Glu Ser Gly
1280 1285 1290
Glu Val Thr Val Arg Val Val His Ala Ser Asp Lys Thr Val Glu
1295 1300 1305
Val Lys Pro Gly Met Lys Ala Arg Phe Val Asp Ser Gly Glu Met
1310 1315 1320
Ala Glu Ser Phe Pro Tyr Arg Thr Lys Ala Leu Phe Ala Phe Glu
1325 1330 1335
Glu Ile Asp Gly Val Asp Leu Cys Phe Phe Gly Met His Val Gln
1340 1345 1350
Glu Tyr Gly Ser Asp Cys Pro Pro Pro Asn Gln Arg Arg Val Tyr
1355 1360 1365
Ile Ser Tyr Leu Asp Ser Val His Phe Phe Arg Pro Lys Cys Leu
1370 1375 1380
Arg Thr Ala Val Tyr His Glu Ile Leu Ile Gly Tyr Leu Glu Tyr
1385 1390 1395
Val Lys Lys Leu Gly Tyr Thr Thr Gly His Ile Trp Ala Cys Pro
1400 1405 1410
Pro Ser Glu Gly Asp Asp Tyr Ile Phe His Cys His Pro Pro Asp
1415 1420 1425
Gln Lys Ile Pro Lys Pro Lys Arg Leu Gln Glu Trp Tyr Lys Lys
1430 1435 1440
Met Leu Asp Lys Ala Val Ser Glu Arg Ile Val His Asp Tyr Lys
1445 1450 1455
Asp Ile Phe Lys Gln Ala Thr Glu Asp Arg Leu Thr Ser Ala Lys
1460 1465 1470
Glu Leu Pro Tyr Phe Glu Gly Asp Phe Trp Pro Asn Val Leu Glu
1475 1480 1485
Glu Ser Ile Lys Glu Leu Glu Gln Glu Glu Glu Glu Arg Lys Arg
1490 1495 1500
Glu Glu Asn Thr Ser Asn Glu Ser Thr Asp Val Thr Lys Gly Asp
1505 1510 1515
Ser Lys Asn Ala Lys Lys Lys Asn Asn Lys Lys Thr Ser Lys Asn
1520 1525 1530
Lys Ser Ser Leu Ser Arg Gly Asn Lys Lys Lys Pro Gly Met Pro
1535 1540 1545
Asn Val Ser Asn Asp Leu Ser Gln Lys Leu Tyr Ala Thr Met Glu
1550 1555 1560
Lys His Lys Glu Val Phe Phe Val Ile Arg Leu Ile Ala Gly Pro
1565 1570 1575
Ala Ala Asn Ser Leu Pro Pro Ile Val Asp Pro Asp Pro Leu Ile
1580 1585 1590
Pro Cys Asp Leu Met Asp Gly Arg Asp Ala Phe Leu Thr Leu Ala
1595 1600 1605
Arg Asp Lys His Leu Glu Phe Ser Ser Leu Arg Arg Ala Gln Trp
1610 1615 1620
Ser Thr Met Cys Met Leu Val Glu Leu His Thr Gln Ser Gln Asp
1625 1630 1635
Arg Phe Val Tyr Thr Cys Asn Glu Cys Lys His His Val Glu Thr
1640 1645 1650
Arg Trp His Cys Thr Val Cys Glu Asp Tyr Asp Leu Cys Ile Thr
1655 1660 1665
Cys Tyr Asn Thr Lys Asn His Asp His Lys Met Glu Lys Leu Gly
1670 1675 1680
Leu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Ser Asn Asn Gln Gln Ala Ala Ala Thr
1685 1690 1695
Gln Ser Pro Gly Asp Ser Arg Arg Leu Ser Ile Gln Arg Cys Ile
1700 1705 1710
Gln Ser Leu Val His Ala Cys Gln Cys Arg Asn Ala Asn Cys Ser
1715 1720 1725
Leu Pro Ser Cys Gln Lys Met Lys Arg Val Val Gln His Thr Lys
1730 1735 1740
Gly Cys Lys Arg Lys Thr Asn Gly Gly Cys Pro Ile Cys Lys Gln
1745 1750 1755
Leu Ile Ala Leu Cys Cys Tyr His Ala Lys His Cys Gln Glu Asn
1760 1765 1770
Lys Cys Pro Val Pro Phe Cys Leu Asn Ile Lys Gln Lys Leu Arg
1775 1780 1785
Gln Gln Gln Leu Gln His Arg Leu Gln Gln Ala Gln Met Leu Arg
1790 1795 1800
Arg Arg Met Ala Ser Met Gln Arg Thr Gly Val Val Gly Gln Gln
1805 1810 1815
Gln Gly Leu Pro Ser Pro Thr Pro Ala Thr Pro Thr Thr Pro Thr
1820 1825 1830
Gly Gln Gln Pro Thr Thr Pro Gln Thr Pro Gln Pro Thr Ser Gln
1835 1840 1845
Pro Gln Pro Thr Pro Pro Asn Ser Met Pro Pro Tyr Leu Pro Arg
1850 1855 1860
Thr Gln Ala Ala Gly Pro Val Ser Gln Gly Lys Ala Ala Gly Gln
1865 1870 1875
Val Thr Pro Pro Thr Pro Pro Gln Thr Ala Gln Pro Pro Leu Pro
1880 1885 1890
Gly Pro Pro Pro Ala Ala Val Glu Met Ala Met Gln Ile Gln Arg
1895 1900 1905
Ala Ala Glu Thr Gln Arg Gln Met Ala His Val Gln Ile Phe Gln
1910 1915 1920
Arg Pro Ile Gln His Gln Met Pro Pro Met Thr Pro Met Ala Pro
1925 1930 1935
Met Gly Met Asn Pro Pro Pro Met Thr Arg Gly Pro Ser Gly His
1940 1945 1950
Leu Glu Pro Gly Met Gly Pro Thr Gly Met Gln Gln Gln Pro Pro
1955 1960 1965
Trp Ser Gln Gly Gly Leu Pro Gln Pro Gln Gln Leu Gln Ser Gly
1970 1975 1980
Met Pro Arg Pro Ala Met Met Ser Val Ala Gln His Gly Gln Pro
1985 1990 1995
Leu Asn Met Ala Pro Gln Pro Gly Leu Gly Gln Val Gly Ile Ser
2000 2005 2010
Pro Leu Lys Pro Gly Thr Val Ser Gln Gln Ala Leu Gln Asn Leu
2015 2020 2025
Leu Arg Thr Leu Arg Ser Pro Ser Ser Pro Leu Gln Gln Gln Gln
2030 2035 2040
Val Leu Ser Ile Leu His Ala Asn Pro Gln Leu Leu Ala Ala Phe
2045 2050 2055
Ile Lys Gln Arg Ala Ala Lys Tyr Ala Asn Ser Asn Pro Gln Pro
2060 2065 2070
Ile Pro Gly Gln Pro Gly Met Pro Gln Gly Gln Pro Gly Leu Gln
2075 2080 2085
Pro Pro Thr Met Pro Gly Gln Gln Gly Val His Ser Asn Pro Ala
2090 2095 2100
Met Gln Asn Met Asn Pro Met Gln Ala Gly Val Gln Arg Ala Gly
2105 2110 2115
Leu Pro Gln Gln Gln Pro Gln Gln Gln Leu Gln Pro Pro Met Gly
2120 2125 2130
Gly Met Ser Pro Gln Ala Gln Gln Met Asn Met Asn His Asn Thr
2135 2140 2145
Met Pro Ser Gln Phe Arg Asp Ile Leu Arg Arg Gln Gln Met Met
2150 2155 2160
Gln Gln Gln Gln Gln Gln Gly Ala Gly Pro Gly Ile Gly Pro Gly
2165 2170 2175
Met Ala Asn His Asn Gln Phe Gln Gln Pro Gln Gly Val Gly Tyr
2180 2185 2190
Pro Pro Gln Gln Gln Gln Arg Met Gln His His Met Gln Gln Met
2195 2200 2205
Gln Gln Gly Asn Met Gly Gln Ile Gly Gln Leu Pro Gln Ala Leu
2210 2215 2220
Gly Ala Glu Ala Gly Ala Ser Leu Gln Ala Tyr Gln Gln Arg Leu
2225 2230 2235
Leu Gln Gln Gln Met Gly Ser Pro Val Gln Pro Asn Pro Met Ser
2240 2245 2250
Pro Gln Gln His Met Leu Pro Asn Gln Ala Gln Ser Pro His Leu
2255 2260 2265
Gln Gly Gln Gln Ile Pro Asn Ser Leu Ser Asn Gln Val Arg Ser
2270 2275 2280
Pro Gln Pro Val Pro Ser Pro Arg Pro Gln Ser Gln Pro Pro His
2285 2290 2295
Ser Ser Pro Ser Pro Arg Met Gln Pro Gln Pro Ser Pro His His
2300 2305 2310
Val Ser Pro Gln Thr Ser Ser Pro His Pro Gly Leu Val Ala Ala
2315 2320 2325
Gln Ala Asn Pro Met Glu Gln Gly His Phe Ala Ser Pro Asp Gln
2330 2335 2340
Asn Ser Met Leu Ser Gln Leu Ala Ser Asn Pro Gly Met Ala Asn
2345 2350 2355
Leu His Gly Ala Ser Ala Thr Asp Leu Gly Leu Ser Thr Asp Asn
2360 2365 2370
Ser Asp Leu Asn Ser Asn Leu Ser Gln Ser Thr Leu Asp Ile His
2375 2380 2385
<210> 2
<211> 8701
<212> DNA
<213> 人
<400> 2
gagaaggagg aggacagcgc cgaggaggaa gaggttgatg gcggcggcgg agctccgaga 60
gacctcggct gggcaggggc cggccgtggc gggccgggga ctgcgcctct agagccgcga 120
gttctcggga attcgccgca gcggacgcgc tcggcgaatt tgtgctcttg tgccctcctc 180
cgggcttggg cccaggcccg gcccctcgca cttgccctta ccttttctat cgagtccgca 240
tccctctcca gccactgcga cccggcgaag agaaaaagga acttccccca ccccctcggg 300
tgccgtcgga gccccccagc ccacccctgg gtgcggcgcg gggaccccgg gccgaagaag 360
agatttcctg aggattctgg ttttcctcgc ttgtatctcc gaaagaatta aaaatggccg 420
agaatgtggt ggaaccgggg ccgccttcag ccaagcggcc taaactctca tctccggccc 480
tctcggcgtc cgccagcgat ggcacagatt ttggctctct atttgacttg gagcacgact 540
taccagatga attaatcaac tctacagaat tgggactaac caatggtggt gatattaatc 600
agcttcagac aagtcttggc atggtacaag atgcagcttc taaacataaa cagctgtcag 660
aattgctgcg atctggtagt tcccctaacc tcaatatggg agttggtggc ccaggtcaag 720
tcatggccag ccaggcccaa cagagcagtc ctggattagg tttgataaat agcatggtca 780
aaagcccaat gacacaggca ggcttgactt ctcccaacat ggggatgggc actagtggac 840
caaatcaggg tcctacgcag tcaacaggta tgatgaacag tccagtaaat cagcctgcca 900
tgggaatgaa cacagggatg aatgcgggca tgaatcctgg aatgttggct gcaggcaatg 960
gacaagggat aatgcctaat caagtcatga acggttcaat tggagcaggc cgagggcgac 1020
agaatatgca gtacccaaac ccaggcatgg gaagtgctgg caacttactg actgagcctc 1080
ttcagcaggg ctctccccag atgggaggac aaacaggatt gagaggcccc cagcctctta 1140
agatgggaat gatgaacaac cccaatcctt atggttcacc atatactcag aatcctggac 1200
agcagattgg agccagtggc cttggtctcc agattcagac aaaaactgta ctatcaaata 1260
acttatctcc atttgctatg gacaaaaagg cagttcctgg tggaggaatg cccaacatgg 1320
gtcaacagcc agccccgcag gtccagcagc caggcctggt gactccagtt gcccaaggga 1380
tgggttctgg agcacataca gctgatccag agaagcgcaa gctcatccag cagcagcttg 1440
ttctcctttt gcatgctcac aagtgccagc gccgggaaca ggccaatggg gaagtgaggc 1500
agtgcaacct tccccactgt cgcacaatga agaatgtcct aaaccacatg acacactgcc 1560
agtcaggcaa gtcttgccaa gtggcacact gtgcatcttc tcgacaaatc atttcacact 1620
ggaagaattg tacaagacat gattgtcctg tgtgtctccc cctcaaaaat gctggtgata 1680
agagaaatca acagccaatt ttgactggag cacccgttgg acttggaaat cctagctctc 1740
taggggtggg tcaacagtct gcccccaacc taagcactgt tagtcagatt gatcccagct 1800
ccatagaaag agcctatgca gctcttggac taccctatca agtaaatcag atgccgacac 1860
aaccccaggt gcaagcaaag aaccagcaga atcagcagcc tgggcagtct ccccaaggca 1920
tgcggcccat gagcaacatg agtgctagtc ctatgggagt aaatggaggt gtaggagttc 1980
aaacgccgag tcttctttct gactcaatgt tgcattcagc cataaattct caaaacccaa 2040
tgatgagtga aaatgccagt gtgccctccc tgggtcctat gccaacagca gctcaaccat 2100
ccactactgg aattcggaaa cagtggcacg aagatattac tcaggatctt cgaaatcatc 2160
ttgttcacaa actcgtccaa gccatatttc ctacgccgga tcctgctgct ttaaaagaca 2220
gacggatgga aaacctagtt gcatatgctc ggaaagttga aggggacatg tatgaatctg 2280
caaacaatcg agcggaatac taccaccttc tagctgagaa aatctataag atccagaaag 2340
aactagaaga aaaacgaagg accagactac agaagcagaa catgctacca aatgctgcag 2400
gcatggttcc agtttccatg aatccagggc ctaacatggg acagccgcaa ccaggaatga 2460
cttctagttt gaatcaattt ggccagatga gcatggccca gccccctatt gtaccccggc 2520
aaacccctcc tcttcagcac catggacagt tggctcaacc tggagctctc aacccgccta 2580
tgggctatgg gcctcgtatg caacagcctt ccaaccaggg ccagttcctt cctcagactc 2640
agttcccatc acagggaatg aatgtaacaa atatcccttt ggctccgtcc agcggtcaag 2700
ctccagtgtc tcaagcacaa atgtctagtt cttcctgccc ggtgaactct cctataatgc 2760
ctccagggtc tcaggggagc cacattcact gtccccagct tcctcaacca gctcttcatc 2820
agaattcacc ctcgcctgta cctagtcgta cccccacccc tcaccatact cccccaagca 2880
taggggctca gcagccacca gcaacaacaa ttccagcccc tgttcctaca cctcctgcca 2940
tgccacctgg gccacagtcc caggctctac atccccctcc aaggcagaca cctacaccac 3000
caacaacaca acttccccaa caagtgcagc cttcacttcc tgctgcacct tctgctgacc 3060
agccccagca gcagcctcgc tcacagcaga gcacagcagc gtctgttcct accccaacag 3120
caccgctgct tcctccgcag cctgcaactc cactttccca gccagctgta agcattgaag 3180
gacaggtatc aaatcctcca tctactagta gcacagaagt gaattctcag gccattgctg 3240
agaagcagcc ttcccaggaa gtgaagatgg aggccaaaat ggaagtggat caaccagaac 3300
cagcagatac tcagccggag gatatttcag agtctaaagt ggaagactgt aaaatggaat 3360
ctaccgaaac agaagagaga agcactgagt taaaaactga aataaaagag gaggaagacc 3420
agccaagtac ttcagctacc cagtcatctc cggctccagg acagtcaaag aaaaagattt 3480
tcaaaccaga agaactacga caggcactga tgccaacttt ggaggcactt taccgtcagg 3540
atccagaatc ccttcccttt cgtcaacctg tggaccctca gcttttagga atccctgatt 3600
actttgatat tgtgaagagc cccatggatc tttctaccat taagaggaag ttagacactg 3660
gacagtatca ggagccctgg cagtatgtcg atgatatttg gcttatgttc aataatgcct 3720
ggttatataa ccggaaaaca tcacgggtat acaaatactg ctccaagctc tctgaggtct 3780
ttgaacaaga aattgaccca gtgatgcaaa gccttggata ctgttgtggc agaaagttgg 3840
agttctctcc acagacactg tgttgctacg gcaaacagtt gtgcacaata cctcgtgatg 3900
ccacttatta cagttaccag aacaggtatc atttctgtga gaagtgtttc aatgagatcc 3960
aaggggagag cgtttctttg ggggatgacc cttcccagcc tcaaactaca ataaataaag 4020
aacaattttc caagagaaaa aatgacacac tggatcctga actgtttgtt gaatgtacag 4080
agtgcggaag aaagatgcat cagatctgtg tccttcacca tgagatcatc tggcctgctg 4140
gattcgtctg tgatggctgt ttaaagaaaa gtgcacgaac taggaaagaa aataagtttt 4200
ctgctaaaag gttgccatct accagacttg gcacctttct agagaatcgt gtgaatgact 4260
ttctgaggcg acagaatcac cctgagtcag gagaggtcac tgttagagta gttcatgctt 4320
ctgacaaaac cgtggaagta aaaccaggca tgaaagcaag gtttgtggac agtggagaga 4380
tggcagaatc ctttccatac cgaaccaaag ccctctttgc ctttgaagaa attgatggtg 4440
ttgacctgtg cttctttggc atgcatgttc aagagtatgg ctctgactgc cctccaccca 4500
accagaggag agtatacata tcttacctcg atagtgttca tttcttccgt cctaaatgct 4560
tgaggactgc agtctatcat gaaatcctaa ttggatattt agaatatgtc aagaaattag 4620
gttacacaac agggcatatt tgggcatgtc caccaagtga gggagatgat tatatcttcc 4680
attgccatcc tcctgaccag aagataccca agcccaagcg actgcaggaa tggtacaaaa 4740
aaatgcttga caaggctgta tcagagcgta ttgtccatga ctacaaggat atttttaaac 4800
aagctactga agatagatta acaagtgcaa aggaattgcc ttatttcgag ggtgatttct 4860
ggcccaatgt tctggaagaa agcattaagg aactggaaca ggaggaagaa gagagaaaac 4920
gagaggaaaa caccagcaat gaaagcacag atgtgaccaa gggagacagc aaaaatgcta 4980
aaaagaagaa taataagaaa accagcaaaa ataagagcag cctgagtagg ggcaacaaga 5040
agaaacccgg gatgcccaat gtatctaacg acctctcaca gaaactatat gccaccatgg 5100
agaagcataa agaggtcttc tttgtgatcc gcctcattgc tggccctgct gccaactccc 5160
tgcctcccat tgttgatcct gatcctctca tcccctgcga tctgatggat ggtcgggatg 5220
cgtttctcac gctggcaagg gacaagcacc tggagttctc ttcactccga agagcccagt 5280
ggtccaccat gtgcatgctg gtggagctgc acacgcagag ccaggaccgc tttgtctaca 5340
cctgcaatga atgcaagcac catgtggaga cacgctggca ctgtactgtc tgtgaggatt 5400
atgacttgtg tatcacctgc tataacacta aaaaccatga ccacaaaatg gagaaactag 5460
gccttggctt agatgatgag agcaacaacc agcaggctgc agccacccag agcccaggcg 5520
attctcgccg cctgagtatc cagcgctgca tccagtctct ggtccatgct tgccagtgtc 5580
ggaatgccaa ttgctcactg ccatcctgcc agaagatgaa gcgggttgtg cagcatacca 5640
agggttgcaa acggaaaacc aatggcgggt gccccatctg caagcagctc attgccctct 5700
gctgctacca tgccaagcac tgccaggaga acaaatgccc ggtgccgttc tgcctaaaca 5760
tcaagcagaa gctccggcag caacagctgc agcaccgact acagcaggcc caaatgcttc 5820
gcaggaggat ggccagcatg cagcggactg gtgtggttgg gcagcaacag ggcctccctt 5880
cccccactcc tgccactcca acgacaccaa ctggccaaca gccaaccacc ccgcagacgc 5940
cccagcccac ttctcagcct cagcctaccc ctcccaatag catgccaccc tacttgccca 6000
ggactcaagc tgctggccct gtgtcccagg gtaaggcagc aggccaggtg acccctccaa 6060
cccctcctca gactgctcag ccaccccttc cagggccccc acctgcagca gtggaaatgg 6120
caatgcagat tcagagagca gcggagacgc agcgccagat ggcccacgtg caaatttttc 6180
aaaggccaat ccaacaccag atgcccccga tgactcccat ggcccccatg ggtatgaacc 6240
cacctcccat gaccagaggt cccagtgggc atttggagcc agggatggga ccgacaggga 6300
tgcagcaaca gccaccctgg agccaaggag gattgcctca gccccagcaa ctacagtctg 6360
ggatgccaag gccagccatg atgtcagtgg cccagcatgg tcaacctttg aacatggctc 6420
cacaaccagg attgggccag gtaggtatca gcccactcaa accaggcact gtgtctcaac 6480
aagccttaca aaaccttttg cggactctca ggtctcccag ctctcccctg cagcagcaac 6540
aggtgcttag tatccttcac gccaaccccc agctgttggc tgcattcatc aagcagcggg 6600
ctgccaagta tgccaactct aatccacaac ccatccctgg gcagcctggc atgccccagg 6660
ggcagccagg gctacagcca cctaccatgc caggtcagca gggggtccac tccaatccag 6720
ccatgcagaa catgaatcca atgcaggcgg gcgttcagag ggctggcctg ccccagcagc 6780
aaccacagca gcaactccag ccacccatgg gagggatgag cccccaggct cagcagatga 6840
acatgaacca caacaccatg ccttcacaat tccgagacat cttgagacga cagcaaatga 6900
tgcaacagca gcagcaacag ggagcagggc caggaatagg ccctggaatg gccaaccata 6960
accagttcca gcaaccccaa ggagttggct acccaccaca gcagcagcag cggatgcagc 7020
atcacatgca acagatgcaa caaggaaata tgggacagat aggccagctt ccccaggcct 7080
tgggagcaga ggcaggtgcc agtctacagg cctatcagca gcgactcctt cagcaacaga 7140
tggggtcccc tgttcagccc aaccccatga gcccccagca gcatatgctc ccaaatcagg 7200
cccagtcccc acacctacaa ggccagcaga tccctaattc tctctccaat caagtgcgct 7260
ctccccagcc tgtcccttct ccacggccac agtcccagcc cccccactcc agtccttccc 7320
caaggatgca gcctcagcct tctccacacc acgtttcccc acagacaagt tccccacatc 7380
ctggactggt agctgcccag gccaacccca tggaacaagg gcattttgcc agcccggacc 7440
agaattcaat gctttctcag cttgctagca atccaggcat ggcaaacctc catggtgcaa 7500
gcgccacgga cctgggactc agcaccgata actcagactt gaattcaaac ctctcacaga 7560
gtacactaga catacactag agacaccttg tagtattttg ggagcaaaaa aattattttc 7620
tcttaacaag actttttgta ctgaaaacaa tttttttgaa tctttcgtag cctaaaagac 7680
aattttcctt ggaacacata agaactgtgc agtagccgtt tgtggtttaa agcaaacatg 7740
caagatgaac ctgagggatg atagaataca aagaatatat ttttgttatg gctggttacc 7800
accagccttt cttccccttt gtgtgtgtgg ttcaagtgtg cactgggagg aggctgaggc 7860
ctgtgaagcc aaacaatatg ctcctgcctt gcacctccaa taggttttat tatttttttt 7920
aaattaatga acatatgtaa tattaatagt tattatttac tggtgcagat ggttgacatt 7980
tttccctatt ttcctcactt tatggaagag ttaaaacatt tctaaaccag aggacaaaag 8040
gggttaatgt tactttaaaa ttacattcta tatatatata aatatatata aatatatatt 8100
aaaataccag ttttttttct ctgggtgcaa agatgttcat tcttttaaaa aatgtttaaa 8160
aaaaaaaaaa aactgccttt cttcccctca agtcaacttt tgtgctccag aaaattttct 8220
attctgtaag tctgagcgta aaacttcaag tattaaaata atttgtacat gtagagagaa 8280
aaatgacttt ttcaaaaata tacaggggca gctgccaaat tgatgtatta tatattgtgg 8340
tttctgtttc ttgaaagaat ttttttcgtt atttttacat ctaacaaagt aaaaaaatta 8400
aaaagagggt aagaaacgat tccggtggga tgattttaac atgcaaaatg tccctggggg 8460
tttcttcttt gcttgctttc ttcctcctta ccctaccccc cactcacaca cacacacaca 8520
cacacacaca cacacacaca cacacacttt ctataaaact tgaaaatagc aaaaaccctc 8580
aactgttgta aatcatgcaa ttaaagttga ttacttataa atatgaactt tggatcactg 8640
tatagactgt taaatttgat ttcttattac ctattgttaa ataaactgtg tgagacagac 8700
a 8701
<210> 3
<211> 2191
<212> PRT
<213> 人
<400> 3
Met Leu Ser Tyr Pro Glu Trp Thr Cys Trp Arg Gly Ser His Gln Met
1 5 10 15
Gly Ile Thr Gly Asn Thr Ser Pro Phe Gly Gln Pro Phe Ser Gln Ala
20 25 30
Gly Gly Gln Pro Met Gly Ala Thr Gly Val Asn Pro Gln Leu Ala Ser
35 40 45
Lys Gln Ser Met Val Asn Ser Leu Pro Thr Phe Pro Thr Asp Ile Lys
50 55 60
Asn Thr Ser Val Thr Asn Val Pro Asn Met Ser Gln Met Gln Thr Ser
65 70 75 80
Val Gly Ile Val Pro Thr Gln Ala Ile Ala Thr Gly Pro Thr Ala Asp
85 90 95
Pro Glu Lys Arg Lys Leu Ile Gln Gln Gln Leu Val Leu Leu Leu His
100 105 110
Ala His Lys Cys Gln Arg Arg Glu Gln Ala Asn Gly Glu Val Arg Ala
115 120 125
Cys Ser Leu Pro His Cys Arg Thr Met Lys Asn Val Leu Asn His Met
130 135 140
Thr His Cys Gln Ala Gly Lys Ala Cys Gln Val Ala His Cys Ala Ser
145 150 155 160
Ser Arg Gln Ile Ile Ser His Trp Lys Asn Cys Thr Arg His Asp Cys
165 170 175
Pro Val Cys Leu Pro Leu Lys Asn Ala Ser Asp Lys Arg Asn Gln Gln
180 185 190
Thr Ile Leu Gly Ser Pro Ala Ser Gly Ile Gln Asn Thr Ile Gly Ser
195 200 205
Val Gly Thr Gly Gln Gln Asn Ala Thr Ser Leu Ser Asn Pro Asn Pro
210 215 220
Ile Asp Pro Ser Ser Met Gln Arg Ala Tyr Ala Ala Leu Gly Leu Pro
225 230 235 240
Tyr Met Asn Gln Pro Gln Thr Gln Leu Gln Pro Gln Val Pro Gly Gln
245 250 255
Gln Pro Ala Gln Pro Gln Thr His Gln Gln Met Arg Thr Leu Asn Pro
260 265 270
Leu Gly Asn Asn Pro Met Asn Ile Pro Ala Gly Gly Ile Thr Thr Asp
275 280 285
Gln Gln Pro Pro Asn Leu Ile Ser Glu Ser Ala Leu Pro Thr Ser Leu
290 295 300
Gly Ala Thr Asn Pro Leu Met Asn Asp Gly Ser Asn Ser Gly Asn Ile
305 310 315 320
Gly Thr Leu Ser Thr Ile Pro Thr Ala Ala Pro Pro Ser Ser Thr Gly
325 330 335
Val Arg Lys Gly Trp His Glu His Val Thr Gln Asp Leu Arg Ser His
340 345 350
Leu Val His Lys Leu Val Gln Ala Ile Phe Pro Thr Pro Asp Pro Ala
355 360 365
Ala Leu Lys Asp Arg Arg Met Glu Asn Leu Val Ala Tyr Ala Lys Lys
370 375 380
Val Glu Gly Asp Met Tyr Glu Ser Ala Asn Ser Arg Asp Glu Tyr Tyr
385 390 395 400
His Leu Leu Ala Glu Lys Ile Tyr Lys Ile Gln Lys Glu Leu Glu Glu
405 410 415
Lys Arg Arg Ser Arg Leu His Lys Gln Gly Ile Leu Gly Asn Gln Pro
420 425 430
Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Gly Ala Gln Pro Pro Val Ile Pro Gln Ala Gln
435 440 445
Pro Val Arg Pro Pro Asn Gly Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Asn Arg Met
450 455 460
Gln Val Ser Gln Gly Met Asn Ser Phe Asn Pro Met Ser Leu Gly Asn
465 470 475 480
Val Gln Leu Pro Gln Ala Pro Met Gly Pro Arg Ala Ala Ser Pro Met
485 490 495
Asn His Ser Val Gln Met Asn Ser Met Gly Ser Val Pro Gly Met Ala
500 505 510
Ile Ser Pro Ser Arg Met Pro Gln Pro Pro Asn Met Met Gly Ala His
515 520 525
Thr Asn Asn Met Met Ala Gln Ala Pro Ala Gln Ser Gln Phe Leu Pro
530 535 540
Gln Asn Gln Phe Pro Ser Ser Ser Gly Ala Met Ser Val Gly Met Gly
545 550 555 560
Gln Pro Pro Ala Gln Thr Gly Val Ser Gln Gly Gln Val Pro Gly Ala
565 570 575
Ala Leu Pro Asn Pro Leu Asn Met Leu Gly Pro Gln Ala Ser Gln Leu
580 585 590
Pro Cys Pro Pro Val Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu His Pro Thr Pro Pro Pro
595 600 605
Ala Ser Thr Ala Ala Gly Met Pro Ser Leu Gln His Thr Thr Pro Pro
610 615 620
Gly Met Thr Pro Pro Gln Pro Ala Ala Pro Thr Gln Pro Ser Thr Pro
625 630 635 640
Val Ser Ser Ser Gly Gln Thr Pro Thr Pro Thr Pro Gly Ser Val Pro
645 650 655
Ser Ala Thr Gln Thr Gln Ser Thr Pro Thr Val Gln Ala Ala Ala Gln
660 665 670
Ala Gln Val Thr Pro Gln Pro Gln Thr Pro Val Gln Pro Pro Ser Val
675 680 685
Ala Thr Pro Gln Ser Ser Gln Gln Gln Pro Thr Pro Val His Ala Gln
690 695 700
Pro Pro Gly Thr Pro Leu Ser Gln Ala Ala Ala Ser Ile Asp Asn Arg
705 710 715 720
Val Pro Thr Pro Ser Ser Val Ala Ser Ala Glu Thr Asn Ser Gln Gln
725 730 735
Pro Gly Pro Asp Val Pro Val Leu Glu Met Lys Thr Glu Thr Gln Ala
740 745 750
Glu Asp Thr Glu Pro Asp Pro Gly Glu Ser Lys Gly Glu Pro Arg Ser
755 760 765
Glu Met Met Glu Glu Asp Leu Gln Gly Ala Ser Gln Val Lys Glu Glu
770 775 780
Thr Asp Ile Ala Glu Gln Lys Ser Glu Pro Met Glu Val Asp Glu Lys
785 790 795 800
Lys Pro Glu Val Lys Val Glu Val Lys Glu Glu Glu Glu Ser Ser Ser
805 810 815
Asn Gly Thr Ala Ser Gln Ser Thr Ser Pro Ser Gln Pro Arg Lys Lys
820 825 830
Ile Phe Lys Pro Glu Glu Leu Arg Gln Ala Leu Met Pro Thr Leu Glu
835 840 845
Ala Leu Tyr Arg Gln Asp Pro Glu Ser Leu Pro Phe Arg Gln Pro Val
850 855 860
Asp Pro Gln Leu Leu Gly Ile Pro Asp Tyr Phe Asp Ile Val Lys Asn
865 870 875 880
Pro Met Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Lys Arg Lys Leu Asp Thr Gly Gln Tyr
885 890 895
Gln Glu Pro Trp Gln Tyr Val Asp Asp Val Trp Leu Met Phe Asn Asn
900 905 910
Ala Trp Leu Tyr Asn Arg Lys Thr Ser Arg Val Tyr Lys Phe Cys Ser
915 920 925
Lys Leu Ala Glu Val Phe Glu Gln Glu Ile Asp Pro Val Met Gln Ser
930 935 940
Leu Gly Tyr Cys Cys Gly Arg Lys Tyr Glu Phe Ser Pro Gln Thr Leu
945 950 955 960
Cys Cys Tyr Gly Lys Gln Leu Cys Thr Ile Pro Arg Asp Ala Ala Tyr
965 970 975
Tyr Ser Tyr Gln Asn Arg Tyr His Phe Cys Glu Lys Cys Phe Thr Glu
980 985 990
Ile Gln Gly Glu Asn Val Thr Leu Gly Asp Asp Pro Ser Gln Pro Gln
995 1000 1005
Thr Thr Ile Ser Lys Asp Gln Phe Glu Lys Lys Lys Asn Asp Thr
1010 1015 1020
Leu Asp Pro Glu Pro Phe Val Asp Cys Lys Glu Cys Gly Arg Lys
1025 1030 1035
Met His Gln Ile Cys Val Leu His Tyr Asp Ile Ile Trp Pro Ser
1040 1045 1050
Gly Phe Val Cys Asp Asn Cys Leu Lys Lys Thr Gly Arg Pro Arg
1055 1060 1065
Lys Glu Asn Lys Phe Ser Ala Lys Arg Leu Gln Thr Thr Arg Leu
1070 1075 1080
Gly Asn His Leu Glu Asp Arg Val Asn Lys Phe Leu Arg Arg Gln
1085 1090 1095
Asn His Pro Glu Ala Gly Glu Val Phe Val Arg Val Val Ala Ser
1100 1105 1110
Ser Asp Lys Thr Val Glu Val Lys Pro Gly Met Lys Ser Arg Phe
1115 1120 1125
Val Asp Ser Gly Glu Met Ser Glu Ser Phe Pro Tyr Arg Thr Lys
1130 1135 1140
Ala Leu Phe Ala Phe Glu Glu Ile Asp Gly Val Asp Val Cys Phe
1145 1150 1155
Phe Gly Met His Val Gln Glu Tyr Gly Ser Asp Cys Pro Pro Pro
1160 1165 1170
Asn Thr Arg Arg Val Tyr Ile Ser Tyr Leu Asp Ser Ile His Phe
1175 1180 1185
Phe Arg Pro Arg Cys Leu Arg Thr Ala Val Tyr His Glu Ile Leu
1190 1195 1200
Ile Gly Tyr Leu Glu Tyr Val Lys Lys Leu Gly Tyr Val Thr Gly
1205 1210 1215
His Ile Trp Ala Cys Pro Pro Ser Glu Gly Asp Asp Tyr Ile Phe
1220 1225 1230
His Cys His Pro Pro Asp Gln Lys Ile Pro Lys Pro Lys Arg Leu
1235 1240 1245
Gln Glu Trp Tyr Lys Lys Met Leu Asp Lys Ala Phe Ala Glu Arg
1250 1255 1260
Ile Ile His Asp Tyr Lys Asp Ile Phe Lys Gln Ala Thr Glu Asp
1265 1270 1275
Arg Leu Thr Ser Ala Lys Glu Leu Pro Tyr Phe Glu Gly Asp Phe
1280 1285 1290
Trp Pro Asn Val Leu Glu Glu Ser Ile Lys Glu Leu Glu Gln Glu
1295 1300 1305
Glu Glu Glu Arg Lys Lys Glu Glu Ser Thr Ala Ala Ser Glu Thr
1310 1315 1320
Thr Glu Gly Ser Gln Gly Asp Ser Lys Asn Ala Lys Lys Lys Asn
1325 1330 1335
Asn Lys Lys Thr Asn Lys Asn Lys Ser Ser Ile Ser Arg Ala Asn
1340 1345 1350
Lys Lys Lys Pro Ser Met Pro Asn Val Ser Asn Asp Leu Ser Gln
1355 1360 1365
Lys Leu Tyr Ala Thr Met Glu Lys His Lys Glu Val Phe Phe Val
1370 1375 1380
Ile His Leu His Ala Gly Pro Val Ile Asn Thr Leu Pro Pro Ile
1385 1390 1395
Val Asp Pro Asp Pro Leu Leu Ser Cys Asp Leu Met Asp Gly Arg
1400 1405 1410
Asp Ala Phe Leu Thr Leu Ala Arg Asp Lys His Trp Glu Phe Ser
1415 1420 1425
Ser Leu Arg Arg Ser Lys Trp Ser Thr Leu Cys Met Leu Val Glu
1430 1435 1440
Leu His Thr Gln Gly Gln Asp Arg Phe Val Tyr Thr Cys Asn Glu
1445 1450 1455
Cys Lys His His Val Glu Thr Arg Trp His Cys Thr Val Cys Glu
1460 1465 1470
Asp Tyr Asp Leu Cys Ile Asn Cys Tyr Asn Thr Lys Ser His Ala
1475 1480 1485
His Lys Met Val Lys Trp Gly Leu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Gly Ser
1490 1495 1500
Ser Gln Gly Glu Pro Gln Ser Lys Ser Pro Gln Glu Ser Arg Arg
1505 1510 1515
Leu Ser Ile Gln Arg Cys Ile Gln Ser Leu Val His Ala Cys Gln
1520 1525 1530
Cys Arg Asn Ala Asn Cys Ser Leu Pro Ser Cys Gln Lys Met Lys
1535 1540 1545
Arg Val Val Gln His Thr Lys Gly Cys Lys Arg Lys Thr Asn Gly
1550 1555 1560
Gly Cys Pro Val Cys Lys Gln Leu Ile Ala Leu Cys Cys Tyr His
1565 1570 1575
Ala Lys His Cys Gln Glu Asn Lys Cys Pro Val Pro Phe Cys Leu
1580 1585 1590
Asn Ile Lys His Lys Leu Arg Gln Gln Gln Ile Gln His Arg Leu
1595 1600 1605
Gln Gln Ala Gln Leu Met Arg Arg Arg Met Ala Thr Met Asn Thr
1610 1615 1620
Arg Asn Val Pro Gln Gln Ser Leu Pro Ser Pro Thr Ser Ala Pro
1625 1630 1635
Pro Gly Thr Pro Thr Gln Gln Pro Ser Thr Pro Gln Thr Pro Gln
1640 1645 1650
Pro Pro Ala Gln Pro Gln Pro Ser Pro Val Ser Met Ser Pro Ala
1655 1660 1665
Gly Phe Pro Ser Val Ala Arg Thr Gln Pro Pro Thr Thr Val Ser
1670 1675 1680
Thr Gly Lys Pro Thr Ser Gln Val Pro Ala Pro Pro Pro Pro Ala
1685 1690 1695
Gln Pro Pro Pro Ala Ala Val Glu Ala Ala Arg Gln Ile Glu Arg
1700 1705 1710
Glu Ala Gln Gln Gln Gln His Leu Tyr Arg Val Asn Ile Asn Asn
1715 1720 1725
Ser Met Pro Pro Gly Arg Thr Gly Met Gly Thr Pro Gly Ser Gln
1730 1735 1740
Met Ala Pro Val Ser Leu Asn Val Pro Arg Pro Asn Gln Val Ser
1745 1750 1755
Gly Pro Val Met Pro Ser Met Pro Pro Gly Gln Trp Gln Gln Ala
1760 1765 1770
Pro Leu Pro Gln Gln Gln Pro Met Pro Gly Leu Pro Arg Pro Val
1775 1780 1785
Ile Ser Met Gln Ala Gln Ala Ala Val Ala Gly Pro Arg Met Pro
1790 1795 1800
Ser Val Gln Pro Pro Arg Ser Ile Ser Pro Ser Ala Leu Gln Asp
1805 1810 1815
Leu Leu Arg Thr Leu Lys Ser Pro Ser Ser Pro Gln Gln Gln Gln
1820 1825 1830
Gln Val Leu Asn Ile Leu Lys Ser Asn Pro Gln Leu Met Ala Ala
1835 1840 1845
Phe Ile Lys Gln Arg Thr Ala Lys Tyr Val Ala Asn Gln Pro Gly
1850 1855 1860
Met Gln Pro Gln Pro Gly Leu Gln Ser Gln Pro Gly Met Gln Pro
1865 1870 1875
Gln Pro Gly Met His Gln Gln Pro Ser Leu Gln Asn Leu Asn Ala
1880 1885 1890
Met Gln Ala Gly Val Pro Arg Pro Gly Val Pro Pro Gln Gln Gln
1895 1900 1905
Ala Met Gly Gly Leu Asn Pro Gln Gly Gln Ala Leu Asn Ile Met
1910 1915 1920
Asn Pro Gly His Asn Pro Asn Met Ala Ser Met Asn Pro Gln Tyr
1925 1930 1935
Arg Glu Met Leu Arg Arg Gln Leu Leu Gln Gln Gln Gln Gln Gln
1940 1945 1950
Gln Gln Gln Gln Gln Gln Gln Gln Gln Gln Gln Gln Gly Ser Ala
1955 1960 1965
Gly Met Ala Gly Gly Met Ala Gly His Gly Gln Phe Gln Gln Pro
1970 1975 1980
Gln Gly Pro Gly Gly Tyr Pro Pro Ala Met Gln Gln Gln Gln Arg
1985 1990 1995
Met Gln Gln His Leu Pro Leu Gln Gly Ser Ser Met Gly Gln Met
2000 2005 2010
Ala Ala Gln Met Gly Gln Leu Gly Gln Met Gly Gln Pro Gly Leu
2015 2020 2025
Gly Ala Asp Ser Thr Pro Asn Ile Gln Gln Ala Leu Gln Gln Arg
2030 2035 2040
Ile Leu Gln Gln Gln Gln Met Lys Gln Gln Ile Gly Ser Pro Gly
2045 2050 2055
Gln Pro Asn Pro Met Ser Pro Gln Gln His Met Leu Ser Gly Gln
2060 2065 2070
Pro Gln Ala Ser His Leu Pro Gly Gln Gln Ile Ala Thr Ser Leu
2075 2080 2085
Ser Asn Gln Val Arg Ser Pro Ala Pro Val Gln Ser Pro Arg Pro
2090 2095 2100
Gln Ser Gln Pro Pro His Ser Ser Pro Ser Pro Arg Ile Gln Pro
2105 2110 2115
Gln Pro Ser Pro His His Val Ser Pro Gln Thr Gly Ser Pro His
2120 2125 2130
Pro Gly Leu Ala Val Thr Met Ala Ser Ser Ile Asp Gln Gly His
2135 2140 2145
Leu Gly Asn Pro Glu Gln Ser Ala Met Leu Pro Gln Leu Asn Thr
2150 2155 2160
Pro Ser Arg Ser Ala Leu Ser Ser Glu Leu Ser Leu Val Gly Asp
2165 2170 2175
Thr Thr Gly Asp Thr Leu Glu Lys Phe Val Glu Gly Leu
2180 2185 2190
<210> 4
<211> 9674
<212> DNA
<213> 人
<400> 4
cagatgacag ttgaaggaag cttcttgcaa atcagaaatg tgcttaatat ttatcgagct 60
accatcttgc ctagattaag tcatttgaac tcgaaattga gtctggtttg tggacttgca 120
gaagaattag tgtctcagtt cacttaagta gagcacctag tggtgacaag aatgtgattg 180
ctttccaaaa ggtgagaaat gtcacctagg aggactacat ggggaaggaa atcacctgcg 240
tatgaaatgc acagagctag aactttctgg ttatactcct ttggttttta tttgtgtttc 300
tgtacaggca tttcagcaga aagggccagt tgtgttgagt gttgatttgt ttgtagccta 360
gacttttaga gctgaaagaa ataatacgat ccatcttgtt caagacactc atcttacagg 420
cgaggagttt gaagtccata gaaggaatgt taagttaccc agagtggaca tgctggcgtg 480
gcagtcacca gatgggaata actgggaaca caagtccatt tggacagccc tttagtcaag 540
ctggagggca gccaatggga gccactggag tgaaccccca gttagccagc aaacagagca 600
tggtcaacag tttgcccacc ttccctacag atatcaagaa tacttcagtc accaacgtgc 660
caaatatgtc tcagatgcaa acatcagtgg gaattgtacc cacacaagca attgcaacag 720
gccccactgc agatcctgaa aaacgcaaac tgatacagca gcagctggtt ctactgcttc 780
atgctcataa gtgtcagaga cgagagcaag caaacggaga ggttcgggcc tgctcgctcc 840
cgcattgtcg aaccatgaaa aacgttttga atcacatgac gcattgtcag gctgggaaag 900
cctgccaagt tgcccattgt gcatcttcac gacaaatcat ctctcattgg aagaactgca 960
cacgacatga ctgtcctgtt tgcctccctt tgaaaaatgc cagtgacaag cgaaaccaac 1020
aaaccatcct ggggtctcca gctagtggaa ttcaaaacac aattggttct gttggcacag 1080
ggcaacagaa tgccacttct ttaagtaacc caaatcccat agaccccagc tccatgcagc 1140
gagcctatgc tgctctcgga ctcccctaca tgaaccagcc ccagacgcag ctgcagcctc 1200
aggttcctgg ccagcaacca gcacagcctc aaacccacca gcagatgagg actctcaacc 1260
ccctgggaaa taatccaatg aacattccag caggaggaat aacaacagat cagcagcccc 1320
caaacttgat ttcagaatca gctcttccga cttccctggg ggccacaaac ccactgatga 1380
acgatggctc caactctggt aacattggaa ccctcagcac tataccaaca gcagctcctc 1440
cttctagcac cggtgtaagg aaaggctggc acgaacatgt cactcaggac ctgcggagcc 1500
atctagtgca taaactcgtc caagccatct tcccaacacc tgatcccgca gctctaaagg 1560
atcgccgcat ggaaaacctg gtagcctatg ctaagaaagt ggaaggggac atgtacgagt 1620
ctgccaacag cagggatgaa tattatcact tattagcaga gaaaatctac aagatacaaa 1680
aagaactaga agaaaaacgg aggtcgcgtt tacataaaca aggcatcttg gggaaccagc 1740
cagccttacc agccccgggg gctcagcccc ctgtgattcc acaggcacaa cctgtgagac 1800
ctccaaatgg acccctgtcc ctgccagtga atcgcatgca agtttctcaa gggatgaatt 1860
catttaaccc catgtccttg gggaacgtcc agttgccaca agcacccatg ggacctcgtg 1920
cagcctcccc aatgaaccac tctgtccaga tgaacagcat gggctcagtg ccagggatgg 1980
ccatttctcc ttcccgaatg cctcagcctc cgaacatgat gggtgcacac accaacaaca 2040
tgatggccca ggcgcccgct cagagccagt ttctgccaca gaaccagttc ccgtcatcca 2100
gcggggcgat gagtgtgggc atggggcagc cgccagccca aacaggcgtg tcacagggac 2160
aggtgcctgg tgctgctctt cctaaccctc tcaacatgct ggggcctcag gccagccagc 2220
taccttgccc tccagtgaca cagtcaccac tgcacccaac accgcctcct gcttccacgg 2280
ctgctggcat gccatctctc cagcacacga caccacctgg gatgactcct ccccagccag 2340
cagctcccac tcagccatca actcctgtgt cgtcttccgg gcagactccc accccgactc 2400
ctggctcagt gcccagtgct acccaaaccc agagcacccc tacagtccag gcagcagccc 2460
aggcccaggt gaccccgcag cctcaaaccc cagttcagcc cccgtctgtg gctacccctc 2520
agtcatcgca gcaacagccg acgcctgtgc acgcccagcc tcctggcaca ccgctttccc 2580
aggcagcagc cagcattgat aacagagtcc ctaccccctc ctcggtggcc agcgcagaaa 2640
ccaattccca gcagccagga cctgacgtac ctgtgctgga aatgaagacg gagacccaag 2700
cagaggacac tgagcccgat cctggtgaat ccaaagggga gcccaggtct gagatgatgg 2760
aggaggattt gcaaggagct tcccaagtta aagaagaaac agacatagca gagcagaaat 2820
cagaaccaat ggaagtggat gaaaagaaac ctgaagtgaa agtagaagtt aaagaggaag 2880
aagagagtag cagtaacggc acagcctctc agtcaacatc tccttcgcag ccgcgcaaaa 2940
aaatctttaa accagaggag ttacgccagg ccctcatgcc aaccctagaa gcactgtatc 3000
gacaggaccc agagtcatta cctttccggc agcctgtaga tccccagctc ctcggaattc 3060
cagactattt tgacatcgta aagaatccca tggacctctc caccatcaag cggaagctgg 3120
acacagggca ataccaagag ccctggcagt acgtggacga cgtctggctc atgttcaaca 3180
atgcctggct ctataatcgc aagacatccc gagtctataa gttttgcagt aagcttgcag 3240
aggtctttga gcaggaaatt gaccctgtca tgcagtccct tggatattgc tgtggacgca 3300
agtatgagtt ttccccacag actttgtgct gctatgggaa gcagctgtgt accattcctc 3360
gcgatgctgc ctactacagc tatcagaata ggtatcattt ctgtgagaag tgtttcacag 3420
agatccaggg cgagaatgtg accctgggtg acgacccttc acagccccag acgacaattt 3480
caaaggatca gtttgaaaag aagaaaaatg ataccttaga ccccgaacct ttcgttgatt 3540
gcaaggagtg tggccggaag atgcatcaga tttgcgttct gcactatgac atcatttggc 3600
cttcaggttt tgtgtgcgac aactgcttga agaaaactgg cagacctcga aaagaaaaca 3660
aattcagtgc taagaggctg cagaccacaa gactgggaaa ccacttggaa gaccgagtga 3720
acaaattttt gcggcgccag aatcaccctg aagccgggga ggtttttgtc cgagtggtgg 3780
ccagctcaga caagacggtg gaggtcaagc ccgggatgaa gtcacggttt gtggattctg 3840
gggaaatgtc tgaatctttc ccatatcgaa ccaaagctct gtttgctttt gaggaaattg 3900
acggcgtgga tgtctgcttt tttggaatgc acgtccaaga atacggctct gattgccccc 3960
ctccaaacac gaggcgtgtg tacatttctt atctggatag tattcatttc ttccggccac 4020
gttgcctccg cacagccgtt taccatgaga tccttattgg atatttagag tatgtgaaga 4080
aattagggta tgtgacaggg cacatctggg cctgtcctcc aagtgaagga gatgattaca 4140
tcttccattg ccacccacct gatcaaaaaa tacccaagcc aaaacgactg caggagtggt 4200
acaaaaagat gctggacaag gcgtttgcag agcggatcat ccatgactac aaggatattt 4260
tcaaacaagc aactgaagac aggctcacca gtgccaagga actgccctat tttgaaggtg 4320
atttctggcc caatgtgtta gaagagagca ttaaggaact agaacaagaa gaagaggaga 4380
ggaaaaagga agagagcact gcagccagtg aaaccactga gggcagtcag ggcgacagca 4440
agaatgccaa gaagaagaac aacaagaaaa ccaacaagaa caaaagcagc atcagccgcg 4500
ccaacaagaa gaagcccagc atgcccaacg tgtccaatga cctgtcccag aagctgtatg 4560
ccaccatgga gaagcacaag gaggtcttct tcgtgatcca cctgcacgct gggcctgtca 4620
tcaacaccct gccccccatc gtcgaccccg accccctgct cagctgtgac ctcatggatg 4680
ggcgcgacgc cttcctcacc ctcgccagag acaagcactg ggagttctcc tccttgcgcc 4740
gctccaagtg gtccacgctc tgcatgctgg tggagctgca cacccagggc caggaccgct 4800
ttgtctacac ctgcaacgag tgcaagcacc acgtggagac gcgctggcac tgcactgtgt 4860
gcgaggacta cgacctctgc atcaactgct ataacacgaa gagccatgcc cataagatgg 4920
tgaagtgggg gctgggcctg gatgacgagg gcagcagcca gggcgagcca cagtcaaaga 4980
gcccccagga gtcacgccgg ctgagcatcc agcgctgcat ccagtcgctg gtgcacgcgt 5040
gccagtgccg caacgccaac tgctcgctgc catcctgcca gaagatgaag cgggtggtgc 5100
agcacaccaa gggctgcaaa cgcaagacca acgggggctg cccggtgtgc aagcagctca 5160
tcgccctctg ctgctaccac gccaagcact gccaagaaaa caaatgcccc gtgcccttct 5220
gcctcaacat caaacacaag ctccgccagc agcagatcca gcaccgcctg cagcaggccc 5280
agctcatgcg ccggcggatg gccaccatga acacccgcaa cgtgcctcag cagagtctgc 5340
cttctcctac ctcagcaccg cccgggaccc ccacacagca gcccagcaca ccccagacgc 5400
cgcagccccc tgcccagccc caaccctcac ccgtgagcat gtcaccagct ggcttcccca 5460
gcgtggcccg gactcagccc cccaccacgg tgtccacagg gaagcctacc agccaggtgc 5520
cggccccccc acccccggcc cagccccctc ctgcagcggt ggaagcggct cggcagatcg 5580
agcgtgaggc ccagcagcag cagcacctgt accgggtgaa catcaacaac agcatgcccc 5640
caggacgcac gggcatgggg accccgggga gccagatggc ccccgtgagc ctgaatgtgc 5700
cccgacccaa ccaggtgagc gggcccgtca tgcccagcat gcctcccggg cagtggcagc 5760
aggcgcccct tccccagcag cagcccatgc caggcttgcc caggcctgtg atatccatgc 5820
aggcccaggc ggccgtggct gggccccgga tgcccagcgt gcagccaccc aggagcatct 5880
cacccagcgc tctgcaagac ctgctgcgga ccctgaagtc gcccagctcc cctcagcagc 5940
aacagcaggt gctgaacatt ctcaaatcaa acccgcagct aatggcagct ttcatcaaac 6000
agcgcacagc caagtacgtg gccaatcagc ccggcatgca gccccagcct ggcctccagt 6060
cccagcccgg catgcaaccc cagcctggca tgcaccagca gcccagcctg cagaacctga 6120
atgccatgca ggctggcgtg ccgcggcccg gtgtgcctcc acagcagcag gcgatgggag 6180
gcctgaaccc ccagggccag gccttgaaca tcatgaaccc aggacacaac cccaacatgg 6240
cgagtatgaa tccacagtac cgagaaatgt tacggaggca gctgctgcag cagcagcagc 6300
aacagcagca gcaacaacag cagcaacagc agcagcagca agggagtgcc ggcatggctg 6360
ggggcatggc ggggcacggc cagttccagc agcctcaagg acccggaggc tacccaccgg 6420
ccatgcagca gcagcagcgc atgcagcagc atctccccct ccagggcagc tccatgggcc 6480
agatggcggc tcagatggga cagcttggcc agatggggca gccggggctg ggggcagaca 6540
gcacccccaa catccagcaa gccctgcagc agcggattct gcagcaacag cagatgaagc 6600
agcagattgg gtccccaggc cagccgaacc ccatgagccc ccagcaacac atgctctcag 6660
gacagccaca ggcctcgcat ctccctggcc agcagatcgc cacgtccctt agtaaccagg 6720
tgcggtctcc agcccctgtc cagtctccac ggccccagtc ccagcctcca cattccagcc 6780
cgtcaccacg gatacagccc cagccttcgc cacaccacgt ctcaccccag actggttccc 6840
cccaccccgg actcgcagtc accatggcca gctccataga tcagggacac ttggggaacc 6900
ccgaacagag tgcaatgctc ccccagctga acacccccag caggagtgcg ctgtccagcg 6960
aactgtccct ggtcggggac accacggggg acacgctaga gaagtttgtg gagggcttgt 7020
agcattgtga gagcatcacc ttttcccttt catgttcttg gaccttttgt actgaaaatc 7080
caggcatcta ggttcttttt attcctagat ggaactgcga cttccgagcc atggaagggt 7140
ggattgatgt ttaaagaaac aatacaaaga atatattttt ttgttaaaaa ccagttgatt 7200
taaatatctg gtctctctct ttggtttttt tttggcgggg gggtgggggg ggttcttttt 7260
tttccgtttt gtttttgttt ggggggaggg gggttttgtt tggattcttt ttgtcgtcat 7320
tgctggtgac tcatgccttt ttttaacggg aaaaacaagt tcattatatt catatttttt 7380
atttgtattt tcaagacttt aaacatttat gtttaaaagt aagaagaaaa ataatattca 7440
gaactgattc ctgaaataat gcaagcttat aatgtatccc gataactttg tgatgtttcg 7500
ggaagatttt tttctatagt gaactctgtg ggcgtctccc agtattaccc tggatgatag 7560
gaattgactc cggcgtgcac acacgtacac acccacacac atctatctat acataatggc 7620
tgaagccaaa cttgtcttgc agatgtagaa attgttgctt tgtttctctg ataaaactgg 7680
ttttagacaa aaaataggga tgatcactct tagaccatgc taatgttact agagaagaag 7740
ccttcttttc tttcttctat gtgaaacttg aaatgaggaa aagcaattct agtgtaaatc 7800
atgcaagcgc tctaattcct ataaatacga aactcgagaa gattcaatca ctgtatagaa 7860
tggtaaaata ccaactcatt tcttatatca tattgttaaa taaactgtgt gcaacagaca 7920
aaaagggtgg tccttcttga attcatgtac atggtattaa cacttagtgt tcggggtttt 7980
ttgttatgaa aatgctgttt tcaacattgt atttggacta tgcatgtgtt ttttccccat 8040
tgtatataaa gtaccgctta aaattgatat aaattactga ggtttttaac atgtattctg 8100
ttctttaaga tccctgtaag aatgtttaag gtttttattt atttatatat attttttgag 8160
tctgttcttt gtaagacatg gttctggttg ttcgctcata gcggagaggc tggggctgcg 8220
gttgtggttg tggcggcgtg ggtggtggct gggaactgtg gcccaggctt agcggccgcc 8280
cggaggcttt tcttcccgga gactgaggtg ggcgactgag gtgggcggct cagcgttggc 8340
cccacacatt cgaggctcac aggtgattgt cgctcacaca gttagggtcg tcagttggtc 8400
tgaaactgca tttggcccac tcctccatcc tccctgtccg tcgtagctgc cacccccaga 8460
ggcggcgctt cttcccgtgt tcaggcggct cccccccccc gtacacgact cccagaatct 8520
gaggcagaga gtgctccagg ctcgcgaggt gctttctgac ttccccccaa atcctgccgc 8580
tgccgcgcag catgtcccgt gtggcgtttg aggaaatgct gagggacaga caccttggag 8640
caccagctcc ggtccctgtt acagtgagaa aggtccccca cttcggggga tacttgcact 8700
tagccacatg gtcctgcctc ccttggagtc cagttccagg ctcccttact gagtgggtga 8760
gacaagttca caaaaaccgt aaaactgaga ggaggaccat gggcagggga gctgaagttc 8820
atcccctaag tctaccaccc ccagcaccca gagaacccac tttatcccta gtcccccaac 8880
aaaggctggt ctaggtgggg gtgatggtaa ttttagaaat cacgccccaa atagcttccg 8940
tttgggccct tacattcaca gataggtttt aaatagctga atacttggtt tgggaatctg 9000
aattcgagga acctttctaa gaagttggaa aggtccgatc tagttttagc acagagcttt 9060
gaaccttgag ttataaaatg cagaataatt caagtaaaaa taagaccacc atctggcacc 9120
cctgaccagc ccccattcac cccatcccag gaggggaagc acaggccggg cctccggtgg 9180
agattgctgc cactgctcgg cctgctgggt tcttaacctc cagtgtcctc ttcatctttt 9240
ccacccgtag ggaaaccttg agccatgtgt tcaaacaaga agtggggcta gagcccgaga 9300
gcagcagctc taagcccaca ctcagaaagt ggcgccctcc tggttgtgca gccttttaat 9360
gtgggcagtg gaggggcctc tgtttcaggt tatcctggaa ttcaaaacgt tatgtaccaa 9420
cctcatcctc tttggagtct gcatcctgtg caaccgtctt gggcaatcca gatgtcgaag 9480
gatgtgaccg agagcatggt ctgtggatgc taaccctaag tttgtcgtaa ggaaatttct 9540
gtaagaaacc tggaaagccc caacgctgtg tctcatgctg tatacttaag aggagaagaa 9600
aaagtcctat atttgtgatc aaaaagagga aacttgaaat gtgatggtgt ttataataaa 9660
agatggtaaa acta 9674
<210> 5
<211> 398
<212> PRT
<213> 人
<400> 5
Met Ala Gly Glu Gly Asp Gln Gln Asp Ala Ala His Asn Met Gly Asn
1 5 10 15
His Leu Pro Leu Leu Pro Ala Glu Ser Glu Glu Glu Asp Glu Met Glu
20 25 30
Val Glu Asp Gln Asp Ser Lys Glu Ala Lys Lys Pro Asn Ile Ile Asn
35 40 45
Phe Asp Thr Ser Leu Pro Thr Ser His Thr Tyr Leu Gly Ala Asp Met
50 55 60
Glu Glu Phe His Gly Arg Thr Leu His Asp Asp Asp Ser Cys Gln Val
65 70 75 80
Ile Pro Val Leu Pro Gln Val Met Met Ile Leu Ile Pro Gly Gln Thr
85 90 95
Leu Pro Leu Gln Leu Phe His Pro Gln Glu Val Ser Met Val Arg Asn
100 105 110
Leu Ile Gln Lys Asp Arg Thr Phe Ala Val Leu Ala Tyr Ser Asn Val
115 120 125
Gln Glu Arg Glu Ala Gln Phe Gly Thr Thr Ala Glu Ile Tyr Ala Tyr
130 135 140
Arg Glu Glu Gln Asp Phe Gly Ile Glu Ile Val Lys Val Lys Ala Ile
145 150 155 160
Gly Arg Gln Arg Phe Lys Val Leu Glu Leu Arg Thr Gln Ser Asp Gly
165 170 175
Ile Gln Gln Ala Lys Val Gln Ile Leu Pro Glu Cys Val Leu Pro Ser
180 185 190
Thr Met Ser Ala Val Gln Leu Glu Ser Leu Asn Lys Cys Gln Ile Phe
195 200 205
Pro Ser Lys Pro Val Ser Arg Glu Asp Gln Cys Ser Tyr Lys Trp Trp
210 215 220
Gln Lys Tyr Gln Lys Arg Lys Phe His Cys Ala Asn Leu Thr Ser Trp
225 230 235 240
Pro Arg Trp Leu Tyr Ser Leu Tyr Asp Ala Glu Thr Leu Met Asp Arg
245 250 255
Ile Lys Lys Gln Leu Arg Glu Trp Asp Glu Asn Leu Lys Asp Asp Ser
260 265 270
Leu Pro Ser Asn Pro Ile Asp Phe Ser Tyr Arg Val Ala Ala Cys Leu
275 280 285
Pro Ile Asp Asp Val Leu Arg Ile Gln Leu Leu Lys Ile Gly Ser Ala
290 295 300
Ile Gln Arg Leu Arg Cys Glu Leu Asp Ile Met Asn Lys Cys Thr Ser
305 310 315 320
Leu Cys Cys Lys Gln Cys Gln Glu Thr Glu Ile Thr Thr Lys Asn Glu
325 330 335
Ile Phe Arg Tyr Ala Trp Thr Val Ala Gln Cys Lys Ile Cys Ala Ser
340 345 350
His Ile Gly Trp Lys Phe Thr Ala Thr Lys Lys Asp Met Ser Pro Gln
355 360 365
Lys Phe Trp Gly Leu Thr Arg Ser Ala Leu Leu Pro Thr Ile Pro Asp
370 375 380
Thr Glu Asp Glu Ile Ser Pro Asp Lys Val Ile Leu Cys Leu
385 390 395
<210> 6
<211> 3586
<212> DNA
<213> 人
<400> 6
gcgggtaaac agacatggcc ggcgaaggag atcagcagga cgctgcgcac aacatgggca 60
accacctgcc gctcctgcct gcagagagtg aggaagaaga tgaaatggaa gttgaagacc 120
aggatagtaa agaagccaaa aaaccaaaca tcataaattt tgacaccagt ctgccgacat 180
cacatacata cctaggtgct gatatggaag aatttcatgg caggactttg cacgatgacg 240
acagctgtca ggtgattcca gttcttccac aagtgatgat gatcctgatt cccggacaga 300
cattacctct tcagcttttt caccctcaag aagtcagtat ggtgcggaat ttaattcaga 360
aagatagaac ctttgctgtt cttgcataca gcaatgtaca ggaaagggaa gcacagtttg 420
gaacaacagc agagatatat gcctatcgag aagaacagga ttttggaatt gagatagtga 480
aagtgaaagc aattggaaga caaaggttca aagtccttga gctaagaaca cagtcagatg 540
gaatccagca agctaaagtg caaattcttc ccgaatgtgt gttgccttca accatgtctg 600
cagttcaatt agaatccctc aataagtgcc agatatttcc ttcaaaacct gtctcaagag 660
aagaccaatg ttcatataaa tggtggcaga aataccagaa gagaaagttt cattgtgcaa 720
atctaacttc atggcctcgc tggctgtatt ccttatatga tgctgagacc ttaatggaca 780
gaatcaagaa acagctacgt gaatgggatg aaaatctaaa agatgattct cttccttcaa 840
atccaataga tttttcttac agagtagctg cttgtcttcc tattgatgat gtattgagaa 900
ttcagctcct taaaattggc agtgctatcc agcgacttcg ctgtgaatta gacattatga 960
ataaatgtac ttccctttgc tgtaaacaat gtcaagaaac agaaataaca accaaaaatg 1020
aaatattcag gtatgcctgg actgttgccc agtgtaagat ctgtgcaagc catattggat 1080
ggaagtttac ggccaccaaa aaagacatgt cacctcaaaa attttggggc ttaacgcgat 1140
ctgctctgtt gcccacgatc ccagacactg aagatgaaat aagtccagac aaagtaatac 1200
tttgcttgta aacagatgtg atagagataa agttatctaa caaattggtt atattctaag 1260
atctgctttg gaaattattg cctctgatac atacctaagt aaacataaca ttaataccta 1320
agtaaacata acattacttg gagggttgca gtttctaagt gaaactgtat ttgaaacttt 1380
taagtatact ttaggaaaca agcatgaacg gcagtctaga ataccagaaa catctacttg 1440
ggtagcttgg tgccattatc ctgtggaatc tgatatgtct ggtagcatgt cattgatggg 1500
acatgaagac atctttggaa atgatgagat tatttcctgt gttaaaaaaa aaaaaaatct 1560
taaattccta caatgtgaaa ctgaaactaa taatttgatc ctgatgtatg ggacagcgta 1620
tctgtaccag tgctctaaat aacaaaagct agggtgacaa gtacatgttc cttttggaaa 1680
gaagcaaggc aatgtatatt aattattcta aaagggcttt gttcctttcc attttcttta 1740
acttctctga gatactgatt tgtaaatttt gaaaattagt taaaatatgc agttttttga 1800
gcccacgaat agttgtcatt tcctttatgt gcctgttagt aaaaagtagt attgtgtatt 1860
tgctcagtat ctgaactata agcccattta tactgttcca tacaaaagct atttttcaaa 1920
aattaatttg aaccaaaact actactatag ggaaaagatg ccaaaacatg tcccctcacc 1980
cagactaaac ttgatactgt attattttgt tcaatgtaaa ttgaagaaaa tctgtaagta 2040
agtaaacctt aagtgtgaaa ctaaacatgt tctttgttca aataatgtaa aatatctact 2100
cataatttta aagttctaaa aaggctgctt tgccacctac ctctttgctt atattcaagg 2160
gtttagtggg tccttccttc cacatttgta tgataacttt cgttttattg gtagtccttt 2220
gctactttaa aactaatcag gttaaatgtt tactcaaatg tagtaatagt atgaggccaa 2280
aatacatgcc ttgaaggtgg agtgaaatca gttgagtgtc acactgcata tttatgtaaa 2340
tagagtaaat gaaaattcaa gaatacttcc aatcaggata tgcccctgcc ttattttttc 2400
taaggtctac ttttactact ttaataattt tgggtttgtg tgacttcact ggtctggttt 2460
gttcctatag ttcttacact gcactaaaac ttacttactc caggaagttc ctgtcagtag 2520
catagtacct ctctgtaggc tgaactctaa accagttgca atgagttacc ttgtccctct 2580
gaaaagttaa aatttcagta tgtcccatac cgtttactag caaataaaat tttctgatct 2640
gtaaaaacac acatatacta tactactact gaaaatggtt ttacacatga caaaaccaga 2700
cctgatagct aaatctgcat actttctata cagaaatagt atgtattata tgacgttggg 2760
tctaaatctg tattttggca gtacttaaat attttaagta agtatttcaa agtattattt 2820
tataatgcat ctaattactg acctgtatgc agtcatttct gaggctttct tgcatcatag 2880
cccctgtgac atttcctctt agaaatatta cactctacaa aattgtttta tcaaggtcca 2940
aaattactat ttgctcatag agtacaaaga tgttatgact ggctacacag aaaggaaata 3000
aattatgaaa tgtcagtata gcagctgaaa ttatagcagc tgaaataaac agtttgtatt 3060
atacatttta tttacctgat gaaagcattt aggactcaaa tctttagaga atatataata 3120
atagccatat ccttttaatt aataaaataa cactttaaag acaggcatat taccattgta 3180
tatgacacct aatacacatt gtcagatacc acataaacat atttatcttc caataccaat 3240
gtttgtttta ttaaaacaat aattaattaa taggctcaat agtgaccctc aagttaatcc 3300
catgacttcc ccaggctctg catgcataaa gaaatcattg tgacagaaaa atatcaacca 3360
catactgaag catagcttgc tagaacaaat cctgtacata tgaatgccag caactgggga 3420
cacatttagt attcacattt tatgcaaact tacttggtca attatttctt ttttaagcac 3480
aggtttattt tggaattcag ataagaactg acacatcata gacagtcatt gttaaggtaa 3540
ccctgttatt tcaattgcaa acaaacaata aacgtttttt cttcaa 3586
Claims (34)
1.一种治疗患有与E1A结合蛋白质P300(EP300)依赖性相关的疾病或病症的受试者的方法,其包括:
从患有所述疾病或病症或处于发展所述疾病或病症的风险中的受试者获得测试样品;
鉴定所述测试样品中小脑蛋白(CRBN)的表达水平与参考样品中CRBN的表达水平相比增加;以及
向所述受试者施用治疗有效量的EP300的选择性降解剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中从肿瘤组织或肿瘤微环境获得所述测试样品。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中从体液获得所述测试样品,所述体液选自由以下组成的组:血浆、血液、尿液、痰和脑脊液(CSF)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中从健康正常组织或肿瘤组织获得所述参考样品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中从来自与所述测试样品相同的个体的健康正常组织,或来自不同个体的一个或多个健康正常组织获得所述参考样品。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中EP300的所述选择性降解剂是JQAD1:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述疾病或病症是EP300依赖性癌症。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述癌症包括实体瘤。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述实体瘤是神经母细胞瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、黑色素瘤、结肠癌、直肠癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、脑癌或胰腺癌。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述神经母细胞瘤是高风险神经母细胞瘤。
11.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述癌症是血液癌症。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述血液癌症是白血病、骨髓瘤或淋巴瘤。
13.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中肿瘤细胞存活、肿瘤细胞增殖或肿瘤转移受到抑制。
14.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中肿瘤细胞生长被减少或其中肿瘤细胞凋亡被诱导。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括向所述受试者施用化学治疗剂、放射疗法、冷冻疗法、激素疗法、免疫疗法或干细胞移植。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述化学治疗剂包括顺式视黄酸、环磷酰胺、顺铂、卡铂、长春新碱、多柔比星、依托泊苷、拓扑替康、白消安和美法仑或噻替派。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中将所述化学治疗剂与类固醇一起施用。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述类固醇包括泼尼松或地塞米松。
19.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括向所述受试者施用组合化学治疗剂。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述组合化学治疗剂包括卡铂或顺铂、环磷酰胺、多柔比星和依托泊苷,或伊立替康、替莫唑胺或异环磷酰胺。
21.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括向所述受试者施用免疫抑制剂。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述免疫抑制剂包括有或无顺式视黄酸的地妥昔单抗。
23.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述受试者是人。
24.根据权利要求1-23中任一项所述的方法,其中以片剂的形式向受试者口服施用所述治疗有效量的EP300的所述选择性降解剂或其药学上可接受的盐。
25.根据权利要求1-23中任一项所述的方法,其中以胶囊的形式向所述受试者口服施用所述治疗有效量的EP300的所述选择性降解剂或药学上可接受的盐。
26.根据权利要求1-23中任一项所述的方法,其中以液体的形式向所述受试者胃肠外施用所述治疗有效量的EP300的所述选择性降解剂或药学上可接受的盐。
27.一种确定患有癌症的受试者中的EP300降解是否将在所述受试者中产生临床益处的方法,其包括:
从患有癌症或处于发展癌症的风险中的受试者获得测试样品;
测定所述测试样品中CRBN的表达水平;
将所述测试样品中CRBN的所述表达水平与参考样品中CRBN的表达水平进行比较;以及
如果所述测试样品中CRBN的所述表达水平不同于所述参考样品中CRBN的所述表达水平,则确定EP300降解是否将抑制所述受试者的所述癌症。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中从肿瘤组织或肿瘤微环境获得所述测试样品。
29.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中从体液获得所述测试样品。
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中所述体液选自由以下组成的组:血浆、血液、尿液、痰和CSF。
31.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中从健康正常组织获得所述参考样品。
32.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述受试者中的临床益处包括由实体瘤应答评价标准(RECIST)定义的完全或部分应答、由RECIST定义的稳定疾病、或由irRC标准定义的尽管有疾病进展或应答下的长期存活。
33.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中从所述癌症获得所述测试样品,并且进一步包括如果所述测试样品中CRBN的所述表达水平等于或高于所述参考样品中CRBN的所述水平,则确定患有癌症的受试者中的EP300降解将在所述受试者中产生临床益处。
34.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中从所述癌症获得所述测试样品,并且进一步包括如果所述测试样品中CRBN的所述表达水平低于所述参考样品中CRBN的所述水平,则确定患有癌症的受试者中的EP300降解将不会在所述受试者中产生临床益处。
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PCT/US2022/019309 WO2022192232A1 (en) | 2021-03-09 | 2022-03-08 | Ep300 degrader and uses thereof in neuroblastoma |
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