CN116898892A - 一种改善或治疗脑梗塞、脑出血后遗症的中药组合物 - Google Patents
一种改善或治疗脑梗塞、脑出血后遗症的中药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中药技术领域,公开了一种改善或治疗脑梗塞、脑出血后遗症的中药组合物。所述中药组合物包括黄芪、西洋参、水蛭、地龙、蜈蚣、全蝎、鳖虫、僵蚕等原料药材,具有益气滋阴、祛风通络散寒止痛之功效。本发明中药组合物能够调畅全身脏腑经络气机,可显著改善脑梗塞、脑出血后遗症,特别是对气滞血瘀或气虚血瘀型脑梗塞后遗症患者具有显著的疗效,为临床改善或治疗脑梗塞、脑出血后遗症提供了一种新选择。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种改善或治疗脑梗塞、脑出血后遗症的中药组合物。
背景技术
脑梗塞即缺血性脑中风,主要是由于脑血管狭窄或是闭塞阻断了脑部血液流动,随之脑组织面临缺血、缺氧,最终发生软化、甚至坏死的一类疾病。脑梗塞及脑出血是老年人群的常见病和多发病,其发病率随着我国人口老龄化有逐年上升的趋势,且后遗症发生率高,致残率高,严重影响患者的生活质量。
脑梗塞后遗症,是指脑梗塞经过6个月治疗后仍未痊愈,留有以半身不遂、语言不利、口眼歪斜、口角流诞、小便频繁或失禁等为主要表现的病症。病轻者使人丧失工作能力,重者生活不能自理,严重者反复发作乃至死亡,给患者及家庭带来极大的痛苦。脑梗塞作为临床多发的脑血管疾病,具有起病急骤、病情凶险、致残率和致死率高的特点,即使经过救治,大部分患者也会遗留有程度各异的后遗症。脑梗塞、脑出血后遗症不仅给患者个人和家庭造成严重负担、对社会而言也是严重负累。
临床上积极防治脑梗塞后遗症的着力点在于减少脑组织缺血性病灶的形成,以此为基础彻底清除病灶。西医对于脑梗塞后遗症的治疗,常采取阿司匹林、氯吡格雷等抗血小板聚集类药物,其机理在于通过对血液流变性的改善,避免血液凝固,保证脑部血液的正常供应,以防由于脑组织缺血而发生神经细胞伤害。但是,常规西医西药治疗脑梗塞后遗症患者,虽然能有效改善疾病症状,但药理比较单一,单用某种药物治疗效果欠佳,长时间也容易产生耐药性,远期治疗效果欠佳。但近年来随着中医中药普遍使用,发现中医中药对改善脑梗塞后遗症更具优势,如何找到一种有效治疗脑栓塞、脑出血后遗症的中药组合物是本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
脑梗塞在中医上称为“中风”、“卒中”,在中风后遗症的治疗方面,《医碥·中风》说:失音不语。谓内本而厥,则为暗痱,此肾虚也。少阴不至者,厥也,肾脉不至于上,则不得循环喉咙,挟舌本,故不能言也。地黄饮子,六味,八味等主之,或用竹沥、荆沥、梨汁各三杯。生葛汁、人乳汁各二杯,陈酱汁和匀,隔汤炖温服。有痰者涤痰汤,内热者凉膈散加石菖蒲、远志为末,炼蜜丸,弹子大,朱砂为衣。每服一丸,薄荷汤化下,名转知膏。或《宝鉴》诃子汤、正舌散、茯神散,外用龟尿点舌神效。语涩有舌纵舌麻,皆以痰火治之,乌药、僵蚕、胆星、芩、连、枳壳、防风、竹沥、姜汁”。《医林改错》说:“无气则不能动,不能动名曰半身不遂”。又说:“行走时归并,本身无气,所以跌扑……实因气亏得半身不遂,以致跌扑”。气为血帅,气行则血行,气虚则瘀,这是清代王清任创立多个补气祛瘀方剂的理论依据。
随着我国中医中药学的不断发展,在治疗脑梗塞或脑出血后遗症上,人们逐渐意识到了中医治疗脑梗塞后遗症的优点,且在治疗过程中疗效好、见效快、毒副作用效等优势。中医认为中风的病因病机多为气虚血瘀、脉络阻滞、肝阳上亢、脉络瘀阻、肾精亏虚、风痰阻络等。在后遗症期,因其病程日久,加上治疗上得攻伐,正气已伤,阴阳失衡,气血逆乱,故以“气虚血瘀”者多见。其证肢瘫或面瘫,兼见倦怠、嗜卧、气短、舌质暗红或瘀有瘀斑,苔薄白,脉弱或沉涩。治疗原则应是攻补兼施,扶正祛邪,宜采用益气活血法。正如《素问·阴阳应象大论》曰:“血实宜决之,气虚宜掣之”。“治风先治血,血行风自灭”,使淤血去,气血调和,脏腑经络得以荣养,其病当自恢复。
发明内容
针对现有西医治疗脑出血、脑梗塞后遗症的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种改善或治疗脑梗塞、脑出血后遗症的中药组合物,所述中药组合物包含黄芪、西洋参、水蛭、地龙、蜈蚣、全蝎、土鳖虫、僵蚕,具有益气滋阴、祛风通络、散寒止痛之功效,可用于气滞血瘀或气虚血瘀型脑梗塞、脑出血后遗症的治疗,每获良效。
优选地,一种改善或治疗脑梗塞、脑出血后遗症的中药组合物,包含下列中药组分:
优选地,所述中药组合物包含下列中药组分:
本发明中,所述中药组合物还包括如下中药组分:丹参、赤芍、天麻、川芎、天南星、葛根、半夏、红花、钩藤、当归、石菖蒲、远志、细辛、冰片、乳香、没药。
优选地,所述中药组合物包含如下中药组分:
本发明中,所述中药组合物还包括如下中药组分:桂枝、郁金、牛膝。
优选地,所述中药组合物还包括如下中药组分:
桂枝2-6重量份郁金1-5重量份牛膝1-5重量份。
优选地,所述中药组合物由下列中药组分制成:
本发明的中药组合物具有益气滋阴,祛风通络,散寒止痛之功效,用于治疗气滞血瘀、气虚血瘀所致的脑卒中及中风后遗症,症见半身不遂、语言障碍、口眼歪斜,以及不同程度的运动障碍、认知障碍和言语障碍等;中风、脑梗塞、脑出血见上述症状者。
方中,黄芪性温,收汗固表,擅长补益卫气,是补气的要药之一;西洋参性凉,常用于气虚阴亏,二者配伍可以补气滋阴,调和人体气机,是为君药。
水蛭、地龙、蜈蚣、全蝎、鳖虫、僵蚕为虫类药,虫类药性善走窜,长于通络止痛,相互配伍可以疏通人体经络,缓解疾病所导致的疼痛麻木之感;虫类药又可以息风止痉、化痰定惊;丹参味苦,性寒,善通行血脉;赤芍味酸苦,性微寒,善破瘀血,通经脉;天麻味甘,性平,可平肝抑阳、息风止痉,可祛外风、通经络,;川芎味辛,性温,与乳香配伍可缓解疼痛;天南星味苦、辛,天南星归肝经,走经络;葛根味甘,性凉,可以缓解外邪郁阻,经气不利所致的项背强急,颈痛不舒;半夏味辛,性温,可以治疗痰盛气闭所致的四肢厥冷,甚至昏厥的病症;红花味辛,性温,红花辛散温通,擅长活血祛瘀,痛经消肿,以上八味,活血、祛风、通络,共为臣药。
钩藤味甘,性凉,功能清热凉肝,有缓和的息风止痉的作用,可以清肝热、平肝阳,可以治疗肝风内动、肝阳上亢和肝火上攻所致的头胀、头痛、眩晕等症;当归味甘、辛,性温,有补血兼活血的功效;石菖蒲味辛、苦,性温,其性温通,芳香走窜,有开窍醒神的功效,长于治疗痰湿秽浊蒙蔽心神所致的神志昏乱,又可开窍除风;远志味辛、苦,性温,入心可治疗痰阻心窍所致的癫痫抽搐、发狂、神昏;细辛味辛,性温,芳香透达、通利九窍,可醒神开窍;冰片味辛、苦,性微寒,具有醒神开窍的作用,适用于痰热内闭、狂躁谵语、暑热卒厥等症;乳香味辛、苦,性温,能散瘀止痛、活血行气,乳香既入气分又入血分;没药味辛、苦,性平,常与乳香相须为用。以上八味,祛风止痛,行气活血,为佐药。
桂枝味辛、甘,性温,能够温经通脉,舒经活络,散寒止痛;郁金味辛、苦,性寒,能过活血止痛,行气解郁,善治气血郁滞之痛症;怀牛膝味苦、甘、酸,性平,可以补肝肾、强筋骨,又有较强的活血化淤作用。该三味药,药性平缓、平和,可以调和诸药,促进药效的发挥,为使药。
本发明的第二方面提供所述中药组合物的制备方法。
本发明所述的中药组合物以本发明所述中药原料药材经提取、纯化,制成中药提取物,以该中药提取物为原料,加入可接受的辅料,按照制剂学的常规技术制成临床适用的各种剂型。所述剂型可以为颗粒剂、口服液、胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、微丸、微囊、软胶囊、散剂、合剂、糖浆剂等。
所述的药物可接受辅料为本领域熟知用于制备口服制剂的常用赋形剂或辅料,包括但不限于填充剂或稀释剂、润滑剂或助流剂或抗黏附剂、崩解剂、分散剂、润湿剂或粘合剂等。所述填充剂包括但不限于乳糖、糖粉、糖精、淀粉及其衍生物、纤维素及其衍生物、无机钙盐、山梨醇或甘氨酸;所述润滑剂包括但不限于微粉硅胶、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、氢氧化铝、硼酸、氢化植物油、聚乙二醇;崩解剂包括但不限于淀粉及其衍生物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或微晶纤维素;所述粘合剂包括但不限于糖浆、阿拉伯胶、明胶、山梨醇、黄芪胶、纤维素及其衍生物、明胶浆、糖浆、淀粉浆、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;所述润湿剂包括但不限于十二烷基硫酸钠、水、醇等。
在一种实施方式中,所述中药组合物为煎膏剂,制备方法如下:
(1)取处方量的黄芪、丹参、赤芍、川芎、葛根、石菖蒲、桂枝原料药材,净选,除去杂质,切厚片、干燥备用;取处方量的西洋参、天麻、当归、郁金原料药材净选、润透、切薄片,干燥备用;取处方量的水蛭、地龙、钩藤、远志、细辛、牛膝等原料药材,净选除去杂质,润透,切段,干燥备用;乳香照醋炙法炒至表面光亮,没药照醋炙法炒至表面光亮,半夏精选后炮制成炙半夏,备用;取处方量蜈蚣,全蝎、土鳖虫、僵蚕、天南星、半夏、红花等原料药材净选,除去杂质,备用。
(2)取上述26味,加6-10倍量的水煎煮2-3次,合并煎液,滤过,滤液浓缩至50-60℃时相对密度为1.20-1.25(80℃)的浸膏,备用;
(3)取处方量冰片,用适量乙醇溶解后与步骤(2)制备的浸膏合并,搅匀;
(4)向步骤(3)所得合并浸膏中加入适量蜂蜜熬制成1000g膏剂,即得。
本发明组合物的常用剂量范围每日服用40g膏剂,约含130g生药材/日;优选的剂量范围是每次20g膏剂(含65g生药材),每日于早饭前和晚饭后各一次。
本发明的第三个目的是提供所述中药组合物在制备改善或治疗脑梗塞、脑出血后遗症药物中的应用。本发明的组合物能调畅全身脏腑经络气机,有效改善或治疗脑梗塞、脑出血后遗症的症状。
优选地,所述脑梗塞、脑出血属气滞血瘀或气虚血瘀型。
具体实施方式
为验证本发明中药组合物的疗效,发明人开展了大量药效学和临床实验研究,需要说明的是,本发明药品药效学实验所选取的药品为本发明具有代表性的配方及其制备方法所得的药品,本发明所包含的其他配方及其制备方法所得药品涉及的试验及其结果,由于篇幅限制,在此不一一穷举。
实验例1本申请组合物对脑梗死后遗症大鼠脑组织ATP、ADP及单胺类神经递质含量变化的研究
ATP、ADP是脑组织化学能量的基本来源,对维持脑电活动、细胞膜的完整、组织代谢等具有重要的意义。并可作为代谢紊乱及损伤的组织恢复能力的可靠指标。单胺类神经递质包括:儿茶酚胺类(CA)、5-HT及组胺。CA又包括肾上腺素(Ad)、NE及DA。单胺类神经递质参与多种生理活动,包括睡眠、体温调节、精神活动、情绪反应等。
缺血性中风急性期时,细胞内线粒体受累而导致ATP含量严重减少,引起Na+-K+ATP酶活性下降,突触体前膜维持续除极化,影响突触兴奋性传导和神经递质释放,导致脑水肿的发生。而Ca2+ATP酶活性下降导致细胞内Ca2+超载,损害线粒体结构、功能,激活蛋白酶、蛋白激酶,促进神经递质释放和自由基生成,并最终导致神经细胞死亡。
缺血性中风急性期时,脑组织能量耗竭,导致神经元去极化,促使神经递质释放增加,从而引起大量的DA、5-HT及NE释放至细胞间隙。再者,正常突触释放有赖于细胞内Ca2+的水平,缺血导致大量Ca2+n外流,促使单胺类神经递质释放至细胞间隙增加。从而导致脑细胞内单胺递质含量减少。
从突触释放的单胺类递质由重摄取和单胺氧化酶(MAO)两条途径代谢。缺血时,MAO活性下降,单胺类递质降解减少,细胞外单胺类递质增多,同时能量耗竭,神经递质重摄取受到抑制,使缺血脑组织细胞外单胺类递质蓄积,产生兴奋毒性作用,引起代谢亢进,ATP消耗显著增加,ATP缺乏可使维持脑细胞代谢活动的多种酶如Ca2+ATP酶、Na+-K+ATP酶等活性降低,导致神经细胞内Na+、K+、Ca2+潴留,增加单胺类递质释放,加剧脑细胞的损害,形成恶性循环。
缺血性中风后,由于DA分泌释放增多产生相对于低灌注的葡萄糖高代谢装填,导致显著的代谢与血供不相适应;还有大量的NE释放到细胞间隙,通过扩散作用,促使血管壁上的α肾上腺素受体兴奋,通过激活神经元膜上的β、α1肾上腺素受体增加糖利用,提高组织代谢,使缺血组织血流和代谢需求不相适应,加重能量代谢障碍。
1.1试验动物和材料
清洁级Wistar大鼠,雌雄各半,体重200±20g,共70只,由鲁南制药集团股份有限公司提供,动物许可证号SYXK(鲁)20180008。
三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT),乙二胺四乙酸钠(EDTA)、3,4-二羟基苄胺(DHBA)等。以上试剂材料均通过商业途径获得。
1.2实验动物造模及分组
随机将70只大鼠分成7组,分别为正常组,不刺激组,刺激对照组,阳性对照组,芪蛭对照组、君臣对照组和本发明组合物组。除10只正常组外,其余60只大鼠采用如下方案造模:大鼠麻醉后,分离左侧颈总动脉并结扎,再分离右侧颈总动脉并夹闭1h后松开;在右侧耳缘和眼睑连线上做一道1.5cm切口,分离颞肌,暴露颅骨,将颅骨钻开一骨窗,电凝阻断大脑中动脉;取40只脑梗塞术后24h,各组大鼠用随机电脉冲刺激30天,刺激强度为50-80V,0.5-25Hz,0.1-1.1ms。
正常组10只:正常喂养50天后处死;
不刺激组10只:行大脑中动脉梗死术后,72h后处死,计算脑梗死面积;
刺激对照组10只:阻断大脑中动脉后,放入电脉刺激仪进行随机刺激,喂养50天后处死;
阳性对照组10只:阻断大脑中动脉后,放入电脉刺激仪进行随即刺激30天,于术后20天开始给药脑心通胶囊(0.432g/kg),灌胃容量1ml;连续30天;
芪蛭对照组10只:阻断大脑中动脉后,放入电脉刺激仪进行随即刺激30天,于术后20天开始给药黄芪、水蛭、丹参、川蛭组合物2.47g生药材/kg,灌胃容量1ml;连续30天;
君臣对照组10只:阻断大脑中动脉后,放入电脉刺激仪进行随即刺激30天,于术后20天开始给药君臣药组合物4.42g生药材/kg,灌胃容量1ml,连续30天;
本发明组合物组10只:阻断大脑中动脉后,放入电脉刺激仪进行随即刺激30天,于术后20天开始给药本发明组合物11.7g生药材/kg,灌胃容量1ml,连续30天。
脑心通胶囊为陕西步长制药有限公司生产,国药准字A20025001。
芪蛭对照组给药组合物:黄芪180g、水蛭216g、丹参216g、川芎72g,加6-8倍量水煎煮2次,合并煎液,过滤,减压浓缩至适量。
君臣药组合物:黄芪180g、西洋参108g、水蛭216g、地龙216g、蜈蚣72g、全蝎144g、土鳖虫144g、僵蚕144g,以上几味药材按照药典要求处理后,加6-8倍量水煎煮2次,每次1.5-3h,合并煎液,过滤,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.2-1.25(80℃)加入适量蜂蜜炼制成膏剂。
2.试验过程
2.1小鼠大脑梗死成功率判断
不刺激组大鼠阻断大脑中动脉术后72h断头取脑,作均匀冠状切片,用四氯唑(TTC)染色,未缺血脑组织颜色变身,缺血脑组织不变色,用数码相机拍照输入电脑,软件分析,计算脑缺血体积。
2.2神经功能缺失评分
将各组大鼠参考Zealonga评分方法,造模大鼠于术后20天和50天进行5分制评分。评分标准:0分:无神经损伤症状;1分:不能完全伸直对侧前爪;2分:向外侧转圈;3分:向对侧倾倒;4分:不能自发行走,意识丧失。1~4分表示造模成功。
2.3病理检查及脑组织超微结构观察
不刺激组阻断大脑中动脉术后72h断头取脑组织,各组大鼠于50天后处死,取脑组织,10%甲醛固定48h,脱水,固定,石蜡包埋,切片,HE染色,光镜下观察组织形态。各组大鼠于术后50天处死取脑组织,每组随机选取2份右侧脑组织,经戊二醛固定、脱水、渗透、包埋、聚合、超薄切片、染色、在投射电镜下观察。
2.4大鼠脑组织ATP、ADP的测定
取各组大鼠脑组织称重后,迅速加入0.4mol/L乙腈2ml,用玻璃匀浆器手动匀浆至组织完全混匀,冰浴30min,10000转/min速度离心脱蛋白,取上清液再以3000转/min速度离心5min,取上清液过0.22μm水系膜过滤后,-80℃保存,待测;
色谱条件:流动相为pH6.0的0.1mol/LNH4H2PO4缓冲液,流速1.0ml/min,柱温:25℃,检测波长254nm。
2.5大鼠脑组织单胺类神经递质(NE、DA、5-HT)的测定
取大鼠脑组织称重后,迅速加入冰冷的0.05mol/L高氯酸(内含0.04%僬亚硫酸钠合0.04%EDTA)至2ml,冰水浴中匀浆1min后,在4℃下离心30min,转速10000转/min,取上清液,再以3000转/min速度离心5min,取上清液过0.22μm水系膜过滤后,-80℃保存,待测;
色谱条件:检测器为L-ECD-6A电化学检测器,TC-5玻璃碳电极及Ag/AgCl参比电极,流动相为Na2HPO480mmol/L、柠檬酸60mmol/L缓冲液。含新烷基磺酸钠(OSA)0.21mmol/L,EDTA0.22mmol/L,与甲醇混合(8:2),pH=3.4,流速0.6ml/min,柱温:25℃,电化学检测器工作电压0.75V。
2.6数据处理
以上所测的数据以Agilent1200HPLC系统自动分析仪自动采集数据,再将所得数据在Stata软件下建立标准工作曲线,之后利用SPSS22.0进行统计分析,统计方法为单因素方差分析。
3实验结果
3.1一般体征观察
20天时与正常组相比,模型组、各给药组大鼠均有偏瘫症状,表现为左侧上肢内收,无力,攀爬鼠笼时有向一侧倾斜,下肢外展,内收困难,走路跳跃时呈跛行状态;有面部瘫症状;提起鼠尾时大鼠不能正常卷起身体,只能不停抖动身体;雄鼠左侧睾丸萎缩,表现为两侧睾丸大小不一。毛发暗淡无光泽、卷曲,精神萎靡,表情惊恐,消瘦,肢体无力,大便稀溏,摄食,饮水减少,手术伤口愈合迟缓。50天时,各给药组大鼠肢体偏瘫症状都有不同程度改善,但君臣对照组和本发明组合物组改善较为明显,除偏瘫症状改善外,饮食和饮水量增加,体质量增加,行动相对敏捷,毛发较以前有光泽;阳性对照组和芪蛭对照组偏瘫有所好转,但精神略显不振,大便溏,伤口愈合较慢。
3.2梗死体积计算
术后不刺激组72h后处死,平均梗死体积经计算为(110.28±8.52)mm3,梗死率约为11%,梗死灶相对较小,与电凝的大脑中动脉分支支配的范围较小温和,接近临床病人脑梗死比例。
3.3神经功能缺失评分
经统计分析,各组大鼠神经功能缺失评分结果见表1。
表1大鼠神经功能缺失评分比较(x±s)
注:,“*”表示相对于刺激组,具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。
从上表可以看出,各给药组在给药30天后,大鼠神经功能缺失评分均有所降低,相对于刺激组,均具有显著性差异,本发明试验组给药30天后神经功能缺失评分最低。
3.4光镜、电镜观察结果
光镜下,正常组大鼠大脑神经细胞分布均匀,胞体形态正常,胞核部分形态均匀,刺激组神经细胞大都变性坏死,胞核大部分呈固缩状态,视野中细胞少见。阳性对照组和芪蛭对照组大鼠脑组织神经元细胞核固缩,仅见少量细胞形态正常。君臣对照组大鼠脑组织神经元细胞核固缩较少,神经元细胞形态正常较多。本发明试验组神经元细胞形态基本正常,仅见少量细胞核固缩,组织分布均匀。
电镜下,正常组大鼠脑组织布满神经胶质细胞,胞质中未见空泡,组织分布均匀;刺激组脑组织分布疏松,见大量胞浆空泡,内质网部分断开,线粒体多见,大部分线粒体肿胀,边缘破裂模糊,髓鞘可见分离破裂。阳性对照组和芪蛭对照组大鼠脑组织神经元细胞肿胀破裂,核膜较完整,核仁消失,可见部分核糖体,少量星形胶质细胞。君臣对照组和本发明试验组神经元细胞核膜基本完整,核仁尚在,胞质可见,线粒体及核糖体结构较为完整,大量星形胶质细胞。
3.5各组大鼠脑组织ATP、ADP的含量比较
相对于正常组大鼠,刺激组大鼠脑组织ATP、ADP的含量显著偏低;与刺激组相比,阳性对照组、芪蛭对照组、君臣对照组和本发明试验组大鼠ATP、ADP含量明显提高,具有显著性差异;君臣对照组与本发明试验组大鼠ATP、ADP的含量与阳性对照组相比具有显著性差异,结果见表2。
表2大鼠脑组织ATP、ADP的含量(x±s)
注:“#”表示相对于正常组,具有显著性差异(p<0.05);“*”表示相对于刺激组,具有显著性差异(p<0.05);“△”表示相对于阳性对照组具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。
3.6各组大鼠脑组织NE、DA、5-HT的含量比较
相对于正常组大鼠,刺激组大鼠脑组织NE、DA、5-HT的含量显著偏低,具有显著性差异;与刺激组相比,阳性对照组、芪蛭对照组、君臣对照组和本发明试验组大鼠NE含量明显提高,具有显著性差异;本发明试验组大鼠NE、DA、5-HT的含量与阳性对照组相比具有显著性差异,结果见表3。
表3大鼠脑组织NE、DA、5-HT的含量(x±s)
注:“#”表示相对于正常组,具有显著性差异(p<0.05);“*”表示相对于刺激组,
具有显著性差异(p<0.05);“△”表示相对于阳性对照组具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。
以上药效学试验结果表明,本发明组合物能够减少脑栓塞、脑缺血后神经功能缺失的程度,提高试验组大鼠大脑组织ATP、ADP含量,且可显著提高试验组大鼠NE、DA、5-HT的含量,从而脑栓塞和脑出血后遗症患者发挥确切的治疗效果。
实验例2本发明组合物治疗脑梗塞、脑出血后遗症的临床观察
1一般资料
随机选取黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院重症康复二科室就诊的40例患者作为研究对象,经中医临床医生辨证均为气虚血瘀或气滞血瘀型脑梗塞后遗症。其中男29例,女11例;年龄46-82岁;其中包括脑出血6例,脑梗死34例。
中医临床医生将40例患者随机分为2组,每组20人。对照组中,男14例,女6例;年龄49-82;其中包含脑出血5例,脑梗死15例。治疗组中,男15例,女5例;年龄46-78;其中包含脑出血1例,脑梗死19例。两组临床资料差异对比无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有对比性。下面给出具体的治疗使用实施例:
1.1对照组(20例)
对照组给予基础治疗和口服银杏叶片改善脑循环治疗。对照组治疗20人,有效者16人,无效者4人,有效率80%。
1)患者董某志,男,58岁,主要症状:患者脑出血,伴左侧肢体活动不利。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;2周后,患者症状改善较佳,临床判断进步。
2)患者周某波,男,69岁,主要症状:患者腔隙性脑梗死,伴肢体活动不利,面瘫,反应迟钝。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;2周后,患者症状改善较差,临床判断无变化。
3)患者初某云,女,63岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴闭目难立征阳性。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;2周后,患者症状改善较差,临床判断无变化。
4)患者毛某魁,男,80岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴右侧肢体活动不利。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;3周后,患者症状改善一般,临床判断稍进步。
5)患者王某德,男,59岁,主要症状:患者脑出血,有留置胃管,意识不清,卧床。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;3周后,患者症状改善较差,临床判断无变化。
6)患者王某芬,女,79岁,主要症状:患者腔隙性脑梗死,伴肢体活动不利,头晕,嗜睡。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;3周后,患者症状改善较佳,临床判断进步。
7)患者孟某国,男,57岁,主要症状:患者脑出血,伴肢体活动不利。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;3周后,患者症状改善较佳,临床判断进步。
8)患者祝某业,男,82岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴肢体活动不利。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;1周后,患者症状改善一般,临床判断稍进步。
9)患者刘某成,男,56岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴左侧肢体活动不利。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;1周后,患者症状改善较佳,临床判断进步。
10)患者王某岩,男,59岁,主要症状:患者脑出血,伴肢体活动不利。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;1周后,患者症状改善较佳,临床判断进步。
11)患者李某林,男,56岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴左侧肢体活动不利。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;1周后,患者症状改善较佳,临床判断进步。
12)患者张某珍,女,71岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴肢体活动不利,行走不能。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;2周后,患者症状改善较佳,临床判断进步。
13)患者钱某侠,女,67岁,主要症状:患者脑出血,伴肢体活动不利。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;2周后,患者症状改善较佳,临床判断进步。
14)患者郭某兴,男,65岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴右侧肢体活动不利。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;2周后,患者症状改善较佳,临床判断进步。
15)患者杨某波,男,58岁,主要症状:患者大面积脑梗死,伴言语障碍,四肢瘫痪,气管切开,呼吸机辅助呼吸。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;3周后,患者症状改善一般,临床判断无变化。
16)患者朱某君,男,49岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴言语障碍,肢体活动不利。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;3周后,患者症状改善较佳,临床判断进步。
17)患者姬某杰,男,75岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴肢体活动不利。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;1周后,患者症状改善较佳,临床判断进步。
18)患者刘某梅,女,75岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴肢体活动不利。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;2周后,患者症状改善较佳,临床判断进步。
19)患者王某萍,女,65岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴肢体活动不利。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;2周后,患者症状明显改善,临床判断显著进步。
20)患者芦某海,男,53岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴肢体活动不利。经基础治疗并一日3次,一次2片口服银杏叶片治疗;1周后,患者症状明显改善,临床判断显著进步。
1.2治疗组(20例)
本发明组合物治疗20人,有效者19人,无效者1人,有效率95%。
1)患者王某铭,男,67岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,有留置胃管,伴半身不遂,言语不能。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;3周后,患者症状改善较佳,临床判断进步。
2)患者赵某林,男,63岁,主要症状:患者丘脑梗死,伴左侧肢体活动不利。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;2周后,患者症状明显改善;3周后症状显著减轻,临床判断显著进步。
3)患者马某兰,女,63岁,主要症状:患者腔隙性脑梗死,伴肢体活动不利。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;1周后,患者症状明显改善;2周后症状显著减轻,临床判断显著进步。
4)患者李某英,女,60岁,主要症状:患者腔隙性脑梗死,伴头晕,行走困难。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;1周后,患者症状明显改善;2周后症状显著减轻,临床判断显著进步。
5)患者程某荣,女,55岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴右侧肢体活动不利,行走困难。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;1周后,患者症状明显改善;2周后症状显著减轻,临床判断显著进步。
6)患者朱某峰,男,64岁,主要症状:患者大脑动脉狭窄脑梗死,伴言语笨拙,右侧肢体活动不利,有留置胃管,留置尿管,需吸氧吸痰。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;3周后,患者症状改善一般,临床判断稍进步。
7)患者高某志,男,57岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,意识清醒,伴肢体活动不利。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;1周后,患者症状明显改善;1周后症状显著减轻,临床判断显著进步。
8)患者刘某增,男,68岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴有肢体活动不利。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;2周后,患者症状改善良好,临床判断基本恢复。
9)患者柏某满,男,56岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴肢体活动不利。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;1周后,患者症状明显改善;1周后症状显著减轻,临床判断显著进步。
10)患者孟某斌,男,49岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,昏迷状态。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;3周后,患者症状改善一般,临床判断稍进步。
11)患者倪某海,男,46岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,深度昏迷状态。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;3周后,患者症状改善较不佳,临床判断无变化。
12)患者王某彦,男,60岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,意识清楚,有留置胃管,留置尿管,伴四肢活动不利,需要吸氧。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;2周后,患者症状明显改善;3周后症状显著减轻,临床判断显著进步。
13)患者孔某金,女,70岁,主要症状:患者脑出血,伴左侧肢体活动不利。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;1周后,患者症状明显改善;3周后症状显著减轻,临床显著进步。
14)患者姜某恩,男,64岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴肢体活动不利,肺部感染。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;2周后,患者症状改善良好,临床判断基本恢复。
15)患者陈某龙,男,66岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴右侧肢体活动不利。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;2周后,患者症状明显改善;3周后症状显著减轻,临床判断显著进步。
16)患者荣某滨,男,61岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴肢体活动不利。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;1周后,患者症状明显改善;3周后症状显著减轻,临床判断显著进步。
17)患者杨某臣,男,64岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴重症肺感染,气管切割。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;3周后,患者症状改善一般,临床判断进步。
18)患者冯某跃,男,63岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴半身不遂。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;2周后,患者症状改善较佳,临床判断进步。
19)患者高某贵,男,65岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,卧床,伴饮水呛咳。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;2周后,患者症状明显改善;3周后症状显著减轻,临床判断显著进步。
20)患者张某珍,女,78岁,主要症状:患者脑梗死,伴肢体活动不利。经口服本发明中药组合物治疗后,一日2次,一次20g;1周后,患者症状明显改善;2周后症状显著减轻,临床判断显著进步。
2实验方法
将40名患者随机分成两组,每组20名患者,每组患者均给予基础治疗,即控制血压、血糖、血脂、改善循环、维持水电解质平衡等。对照组使用基础治疗并给予银杏叶片一日3次,一次2片改善脑循环。治疗组使用基础治疗并给予本发明组合物药物,药物组成:黄芪180g,西洋参180g,水蛭216g,地龙216g,蜈蚣72g,全蝎144g,土鳖虫144g,僵蚕144g,丹参216g,赤芍216g,天麻216g,川芎72g,天南星72g,葛根72g,半夏72g,红花72g,钩藤72g,当归144g,石菖蒲72g,远志144g,细辛72g,冰片72g,乳香144g,没药144g,桂枝144g,郁金72g,牛膝72g,加入适量蜂蜜熬制成膏,每日2次,早晚分服20g,疗程为25d。
3疗效评判
观察两组患者
疗效标准:该本发明组合物药物治疗脑卒中疗效标准依据《中风病诊断与疗效评定标准(试行)》制定。疗效评定标准:基本恢复:≥81%,6分以下;显著进步:≥56%,<81%;进步:≥36%,<56%;稍进步:≥11%,<36%;无变化:<11%;恶化(包括死亡):负值。
显效:本发明组合物药物治疗25d,达到显著进步标准及以上为显效。
有效:本发明组合物药物治疗25d,达到进步、稍进步标准为有效。
无效:本发明组合物药物治疗25d,达到无变化标准及以下为无效。
4实验结果
表4临床观察两组患者治疗效果比较
注:与模型对照组比较,“*”表示P<0.05。
从表4实验结果可以看出,本发明组合物可以明显改善辨证为气虚血瘀或气滞血瘀型脑梗塞后遗症,有效率高达95%,治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
Claims (10)
1.一种改善或治疗脑梗塞、脑出血后遗症的中药组合物,其特征在于,包含如下中药组分:黄芪、西洋参、水蛭、地龙、蜈蚣、全蝎、土鳖虫、僵蚕。
2.根据权利要求1所述中药组合物,其特征在于,包含如下中药组分:
黄芪2-8重量份西洋参1-5重量份水蛭3-9重量份地龙3-9重量份
蜈蚣1-5重量份全蝎2-6重量份土鳖虫2-6重量份僵蚕2-6重量份。
3.根据权利要求2所述中药组合物,其特征在于,包含如下中药组分:
黄芪4-6重量份西洋参2-4重量份水蛭5-8重量份地龙5-8重量份
蜈蚣1-3重量份全蝎3-5重量份土鳖虫3-5重量份僵蚕3-5重量份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物还包括如下中药组分:丹参、赤芍、天麻、川芎、天南星、葛根、半夏、红花、钩藤、当归、石菖蒲、远志、细辛、冰片、乳香、没药。
5.根据权利要求4所述中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物包括如下中药组分:
丹参4-10重量份赤芍4-10重量份天麻4-10重量份川芎1-5重量份
天南星1-5重量份葛根1-5重量份半夏1-5重量份红花1-5重量份
钩藤1-5重量份当归2-6重量份石菖蒲1-5重量份远志2-6重量份
细辛1-5重量份冰片1-5重量份乳香2-6重量份没药1-5重量份。
6.根据权利要求4所述中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物还包括如下中药组分:桂枝、郁金、牛膝。
7.根据权利要求6所述中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物包括如下中药组分:
桂枝2-6重量份郁金1-5重量份牛膝1-5重量份。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项权利要求所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,包括如下中药组分:
黄芪5重量份西洋参3重量份水蛭6重量份地龙6重量份
蜈蚣2重量份全蝎4重量份土鳖虫4重量份僵蚕4重量份
丹参6重量份赤芍6重量份天麻6重量份川芎2重量份
天南星2重量份葛根2重量份半夏2重量份红花2重量份
钩藤2重量份当归4重量份石菖蒲2重量份远志4重量份
细辛2重量份冰片2重量份乳香4重量份没药2重量份
桂枝4重量份郁金2重量份牛膝2重量份。
9.一种权利要求8所述中药组合物在制备改善或治疗脑梗塞、脑出血后遗症药物中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述脑梗塞、脑出血属气滞血瘀或气虚血瘀型。
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