CN116885024B - 一种基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器及其制备方法,属于光电材料与器件的技术领域。红外光电探测器包括基底,基底上设有两个独立的金属电极,ZrTe3薄片的两端分别搭接在两个金属电极上,其中一个金属电极与ZrTe3薄片之间设有PdSe2薄片,使该金属电极与ZrTe3薄片不直接接触,另一个金属电极与ZrTe3薄片直接接触,组成PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结。本发明PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结由于两种材料的优点,具有高效的光吸收和光电转化能力;并且,PdSe2和ZrTe3均具有优良的化学稳定性和热稳定性,使得基于这两种材料的异质结具有很好的稳定性和可靠性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光电材料与器件的技术领域,尤其涉及一种基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器及其制备方法。
背景技术
光电探测器的原理是由辐射引起被照射材料电导率发生改变,光电探测目前已经在温度监测、热图像技术和光通信系统中得到了广泛的应用。自2004年发现石墨烯以来,二维(2D)材料因其独特的电学和光学特性而引起了广泛的研究兴趣。目前为止,已经报道了多种基于二维材料的光电探测器,由于其具有超薄厚度的新颖物理特性、机械转移工艺制备的成本效益、无悬空键的自然钝化表面、与宽光响应对应的各种带隙等,新型二维材料在光电探测器领域发挥着重要作用。在过去十年中,在制备和设备应用方面取得了很大进展。然而,获得高性能光电探测器仍然存在一些挑战,例如如何生长高质量的二维材料,如何实现更高的量子效率,如何有效地分离光生电子空穴对等。理想的光电探测器需要具备响应度高,响应速度快,稳定性高,可室温工作等优越的性能。因此探索新的探测机制、提出新的探测理论很可能为光电探测器的高性能实现质的突破。为了提高器件的性能,可以将不同种类的二维材料像堆积木一样地进行拼接、集成在一起,构造形成多种类型的范德瓦尔斯异质结构,无需考虑晶格失配的问题。构造的异质结在一定程度上可以保留单独的二维材料自身性质,同时还会引发出许多新的特性。因此,二维材料异质结在材料科学和器件应用方面开辟了一个新的领域。尽管二维范德华异质结因其独特的电子性质和广泛的潜在应用领域,如光电子器件、纳米尺度晶体管、光探测器等,被广泛研究,但是在实际的应用中也面临着一些挑战和困难,例如:界面不匹配,受环境影响大或者在大气环境中稳定性较差,容易氧化,影响器件的稳定性和使用寿命。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本发明提出一种基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器及其制备方法,PdSe2是一种具有良好电子传输性质的金属,而ZrTe3是一种窄带隙半导体,通过将这两种材料组合成异质结,PdSe2的半金属性有助于增强电导性,而ZrTe3的半导体特性可以提供一个可调节的带隙,使得具有更大的调节范围,而且,PdSe2和ZrTe3均具有优良的化学稳定性和热稳定性,使得基于这两种材料的异质结具有很好的稳定性和可靠性。此外,寡层PdSe2起到降低器件暗电流的作用,该器件在近红外波段808nm具有优异的光电性能。
为了达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器,包括基底,基底上设有两个独立的金属电极,ZrTe3薄片的两端分别搭接在两个金属电极上,其中一个金属电极与ZrTe3薄片之间设有PdSe2薄片,使该金属电极与ZrTe3薄片不直接接触,另一个金属电极与ZrTe3薄片直接接触,组成PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结。
所述基底包括硅片,硅片上设有SiO2层,SiO2层厚度为250-300nm。
所述金属电极包括两层金属,第一层金属为钛或铬,厚度为5-10nm;第二层金属为金,厚度为30-50nm。
所述两个独立的金属电极之间的沟道宽度为15-25um。
所述ZrTe3薄片的厚度为15-25nm。
所述PdSe2薄片中堆叠有3-10层单层PdSe2。优选的,PdSe2薄片包括6层厚度的PdSe2(~3.8nm),PdSe2薄片中具有较少层间缺陷,层内载流子输运效果较好。
基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在基底上采取光刻工艺制备金属电极图案,随后进行金属电极材料蒸镀,经剥离工艺、裂片,制得沉积有两个独立金属电极的基底;
(2)分别将大片PdSe2晶体和ZrTe3晶体通过机械剥离的方式制备ZrTe3薄片和PdSe2薄片;
(3)利用Stamp法将PdSe2薄片转移到步骤(1)中的其中一个金属电极上;
(4)利用Stamp法将ZrTe3薄片转移到基底上,ZrTe3薄片的两端分别搭接在PdSe2薄片和另一个金属电极上。
所述光刻工艺为:在基底上旋涂光刻胶,利用掩膜版进行曝光,经显影液显影后在光刻胶上得到金属电极图案。
所述机械剥离为将大片PdSe2晶体或ZrTe3晶体置于胶带上反复对折剥离。
所述Stamp法为将样品粘贴在一侧固定的聚二甲基硅氧烷软模板上,利用金相显微镜选取样品定点转移至基底上。通常在此步骤中,需要用到二维转移平台,以确保转移的准确性。然后,可以通过简单的机械撕除,溶剂浸泡或者加热等方式将样品从聚二甲基硅氧烷软模板移除,而样品则会留在目标基片上。
本发明的有益效果:
独特各向异性结构的VIII族贵金属二硫化物二硒化钯(PdSe2)表现出优异的光学和电学性能,如良好的空气稳定性、高载流子迁移率和从0eV(体)到1.3eV(单层)的宽带可调带隙。ZrTe3属于过渡金属三碲化物(TMT)系列,表现出独特的电子特性,包括极高的电子迁移率和独特的电荷密度波。它的导带底和价带顶的电子态分布却极其适合促成和高效控制光激子形成。PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结由于两种材料的优点,具有高效的光吸收和光电转化能力。由于ZrTe3有极高的电子迁移率,使得PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结光电探测器具有较高的电子迁移率,以此去提高器件的响应速度。PdSe2和ZrTe3均具有优良的化学稳定性和热稳定性,使得基于这两种材料的异质结具有很好的稳定性和可靠性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器结构示意图。
图2为PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结光学显微镜图像。
图3为机械剥离PdSe2的材料学表征:a)金相显微镜图片、b)原子力显微镜图、c)薄层及厚层材料的拉曼光谱。
图4为ZrTe3和PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的暗电流。
图5为基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器在808nm波长激光下的光响应曲线。
图6为基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器的噪声密度谱。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器,如图1所示,包括基底,基底上设有两个独立的金属电极,两个独立的金属电极之间的沟道宽度为18um。ZrTe3薄片的两端分别搭接在两个金属电极上,其中一个金属电极与ZrTe3薄片之间设有PdSe2薄片,使该金属电极与ZrTe3薄片不直接接触,另一个金属电极与ZrTe3薄片直接接触,组成PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结。
制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)选取含有285nm外延二氧化硅氧化层的P型重掺硅片作为基底,在基底上旋涂好相应光刻胶后借助预先定制的掩模版进行紫外曝光,随后进行金属电极材料蒸镀,依次蒸镀厚度5nm Cr和40nmAu;蒸镀完毕将基底置于显影液及剥离溶液中去除光刻胶上的金属电极材料,即得到覆有图案的基板,借助划片设备,将基底分切为14mm*14mm的器件基底备用。
(2)取大片PdSe2晶体样品粘贴在Scotch胶带上,对折五次左右,随后将样品粘附至蓝膜胶带上,并对折5次。通过原子力显微镜(AFM)确认,PdSe2薄片厚度约为3.8nm(约6层),具体如图3所述,如图3(a)所示为样品在Si/SiO2基底的金相显微镜照片,剥离的样品在边缘出现了薄层,如图3(b)所示,通过原子力显微镜(AFM)确认,样品薄层厚度约为3.8nm(约6层),为构筑光电探测器的理想层数。图3(c)显示了薄层和较厚PdSe2的拉曼光谱,在~144cm-1、~207cm-1、~223cm-1和~258cm-1处有四个典型的特征峰,分别对应于 和/>模式。
(3)然后利用Stamp法对PdSe2薄片进行定点转移,首先裁剪约5mm*5mm的PDMS(聚二甲基硅氧烷)软模板,将其中一面粘附固定于载玻片上,随后将步骤(2)中蓝膜胶带上的PdSe2薄片粘附至PDMS的另一侧,于金相显微镜下观察是否有合适的样品。薄层样品一般出现在样品的边角处,呈三角形,与金相显微镜下表现出明显的透光性。将合适的样品定点转移至其中一个金属电极层上。
(4)将大片ZrTe3晶体置于蓝膜胶带上并对折5次左右,选取宽度为5.4μm、厚度为20nm的纳米ZrTe3薄片;
(5)利用Stamp法对ZrTe3薄片进行定点转移,同步骤(3),将ZrTe3薄片定点转移至基板上,其中一端需完全覆盖PdSe2薄片,不与金属电极直接接触,另一端与另一侧金属电极直接接触,以形成异质结,PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结光学显微镜图像如图2所示。
由图4可以看出,寡层PdSe2起到降低器件暗电流的作用。
图5为基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器在808nm波长激光下的光响应曲线,ZrTe3有极高的电子迁移率,使得PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结光电探测器具有较高的电子迁移率,以此去提高器件的响应速度,上升时间(τrise)和下降时间(τfall)分别为55/61μs。
图6显示了所制备器件的噪声等效功率谱图,据此可得器件的噪声功率谱密度(fn)为1.3×10-16A/√Hz。光电器件的噪声等效功率(NEP)可由式(1)计算:
式中:Iph-信号电流(A),S(fn)-噪声功率谱密度Pin-入射到探测器的入射功率。由式(1)计算可知,所制备器件于808nm波长下的噪声等效功率(NEP)为:3.38*10- 15W/Hz1/2。探测率(D*)按式(2)计算:
式中:A-探测器有效面积(cm2),NEP-噪声等效功率由式(2)计算可知,所制备器件的探测率(D*)为:1.63*1011Jones。
实施例2
一种基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器,如图1所示,包括基底,所述基底包括硅片,硅片上设有厚度为250nm的SiO2层。基底上设有两个独立的金属电极,两个独立的金属电极之间的沟道宽度为15um,金属电极为Cr/Au金属电极,Cr厚度为10nm,Au厚度为30nm。厚度为15nm的ZrTe3薄片的两端分别搭接在两个金属电极上,其中一个金属电极与ZrTe3薄片之间设有3层二维纳米PdSe2堆叠成的PdSe2薄片,使该金属电极与ZrTe3薄片不直接接触,另一个金属电极与ZrTe3薄片直接接触,组成PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结。
实施例3
一种基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器,如图1所示,包括基底,所述基底包括硅片,硅片上设有厚度为300nm的SiO2层。基底上设有两个独立的金属电极,两个独立的金属电极之间的沟道宽度为20um,金属电极为Ti/Au金属电极,Ti厚度为8nm,Au厚度为50nm。厚度为25nm的ZrTe3薄片的两端分别搭接在两个金属电极上,其中一个金属电极与ZrTe3薄片之间设有10层二维纳米PdSe2堆叠成的PdSe2薄片,使该金属电极与ZrTe3薄片不直接接触,另一个金属电极与ZrTe3薄片直接接触,组成PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器,其特征在于,包括基底,基底上设有两个独立的金属电极,ZrTe3薄片的两端分别搭接在两个金属电极上,其中一个金属电极与ZrTe3薄片之间设有PdSe2薄片,使该金属电极与ZrTe3薄片不直接接触,另一个金属电极与ZrTe3薄片直接接触,组成PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结;
所述两个独立的金属电极之间的沟道宽度为15-25um;
所述ZrTe3薄片的厚度为15-25nm;
所述PdSe2薄片中堆叠有3-10层单层PdSe2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器,其特征在于,所述基底包括硅片,硅片上设有SiO2层,SiO2层厚度为250-300nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器,其特征在于,所述金属电极包括两层金属,第一层金属为钛或铬,厚度为5-10nm;第二层金属为金,厚度为30-50nm。
4.权利要求1-3任一项所述基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)在基底上采取光刻工艺制备金属电极图案,随后进行金属电极材料蒸镀,经剥离工艺、裂片,制得沉积有两个独立金属电极的基底;
(2)分别将大片PdSe2晶体和ZrTe3晶体通过机械剥离的方式制备ZrTe3薄片和PdSe2薄片;
(3)利用Stamp法将PdSe2薄片转移到步骤(1)中的其中一个金属电极上;
(4)利用Stamp法将ZrTe3薄片转移到基底上,ZrTe3薄片的两端分别搭接在PdSe2薄片和另一个金属电极上。
5.根据权利要求4所述基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述光刻工艺为:在基底上旋涂光刻胶,利用掩膜版进行曝光,经显影液显影后在光刻胶上得到金属电极图案。
6.根据权利要求5所述基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述机械剥离为将大片PdSe2晶体或ZrTe3晶体置于胶带上反复对折剥离。
7.根据权利要求6所述基于PdSe2/ZrTe3异质结的红外光电探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Stamp法为将样品粘贴在一侧固定的聚二甲基硅氧烷软模板上,利用金相显微镜选取样品定点转移至基底上。
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