CN116878346A - Deep hole pre-splitting blasting device and method thereof - Google Patents
Deep hole pre-splitting blasting device and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116878346A CN116878346A CN202311026587.9A CN202311026587A CN116878346A CN 116878346 A CN116878346 A CN 116878346A CN 202311026587 A CN202311026587 A CN 202311026587A CN 116878346 A CN116878346 A CN 116878346A
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000237503 Pectinidae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 3
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004709 eyebrow Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/008—Driving transverse tunnels starting from existing tunnels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a deep hole pre-splitting blasting device, which comprises: the first row and the second row of detonation gun holes respectively comprise a plurality of first upward sector holes and a plurality of second upward sector holes, each first upward sector hole sequentially forms an emulsion explosive section, a filling section and a hollow hole section from inside to outside, and the emulsion explosive section is filled with digital electronic detonators and emulsion explosives; each second upward sector hole sequentially forms an emulsion explosive section, a filling section, a pre-cracking section and a filling section, the emulsion explosive section is filled with a digital electronic detonator and an emulsion explosive, the pre-cracking section is provided with a pre-cracking device and is filled with an emulsion explosive cartridge, the pre-cracking device is bound with a detonating cord, and the detonating cord is connected with the emulsion explosive cartridge and the digital electronic detonator; and the exploder explodes the pre-splitting section, explodes the first row of explosion blast holes, and explodes the second row of explosion blast holes. In addition, the invention also relates to a deep hole pre-splitting blasting method. The invention can effectively block the surrounding rock damage of the tunnel roof caused by blasting energy transmission during deep hole blasting, thereby achieving the effect of protecting the brow line opening and the roof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine deep hole blasting, and in particular relates to a deep hole pre-splitting blasting device and a method thereof.
Background
When the underground mine stoping roadway is tunneled, the underground mine stoping roadway is influenced by blasting vibration, the surrounding rock depth is generally influenced by blasting vibration within a range of two meters, a surrounding rock loosening ring surrounding the roadway is formed, and surrounding rock mass within the thickness range is extremely easy to damage during later blasting stoping. The underground mine is usually blasted by deep holes, and the blasting method has the advantages of large primary ore breaking amount in blasting, safe construction and the like, and the charging construction is positioned below the top plate. However, the method has the problems that the single-section explosive loading is large, the vibration is large during blasting, the surrounding rock is easily damaged by impact in the range of the loose coil, the explosive loading is large, the blast hole is downward, and the like, the energy impacts downwards along the blast hole during blasting, the problem that the brow line port and the top plate of a stoping roadway are damaged after blasting often occurs, the safety of stoping operation is affected, after the brow line port is damaged, the top plate is impacted into a slope by ore, the hole burying phenomenon is caused, the covering layer is quickly mixed due to the defect of the brow line port in the subsequent ore discharging process, and the waste rock mixing rate and the ore loss rate are increased.
Based on the blasting device and the blasting method, which can protect the integrity of the eyebrow line opening, stabilize the top plate of the subsequent stoping area and reduce the ore loss and the mixing of waste rock, have important significance for solving the actual production problem of mines.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a deep hole pre-splitting blasting device and a deep hole pre-splitting blasting method for solving the problem of damage to a brow line opening and a top plate after deep hole blasting of an underground mine. According to the invention, the pre-splitting device is used for loading the explosive in the deep hole in a segmented mode, the pre-splitting section in the second row of detonation blastholes is preferably detonated, a pre-splitting seam is formed at the position of the brow line opening surrounding rock loosening ring before the first row of detonation blastholes are blasted, and then the first row of detonation blastholes and the second row of detonation blastholes are detonated, so that stress propagation caused by blasting energy during blasting of the first row of detonation blastholes can be effectively blocked, and damage of rock burst to the rear-end surrounding rock is reduced. The pre-splitting device is used for fixing the explosive charges on two sides of the blast hole in an extrusion mode through the spring structure, the explosive charges are closely attached to the wall surface of the blast hole, and during blasting, the groove of the pre-splitting device can gather energy and charge at intervals, so that explosive energy is spread along the radial direction of the blast hole, and the pre-splitting blasting effect is achieved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for deep hole pre-splitting blasting, comprising:
the first row of detonation blast holes comprise a plurality of first upward sector holes formed by drilling in a stoping roadway, each first upward sector hole sequentially forms an emulsion explosive section, a filling section and a hole section from inside to outside, and the emulsion explosive section is filled with digital electronic detonators and emulsion explosives;
a second row of detonation blastholes, which comprises a plurality of second upward sector holes formed by drilling in a stoping roadway, wherein each second upward sector hole sequentially forms an emulsion explosive section, a filling section, a pre-splitting section and a filling section from inside to outside, the emulsion explosive section is filled with a digital electronic detonator and an emulsion explosive, the pre-splitting section is provided with a pre-splitting device and filled with an emulsion explosive cartridge, the pre-splitting device is bound with a detonating cord, the detonating cord is connected with the emulsion explosive cartridge and the detonating cord is connected to the digital electronic detonator;
and an initiator configured to initiate the detonating cord by the digital electronic detonator, to initiate the emulsion explosive cartridge by the detonating cord to initiate the pre-splitting device to initiate the pre-splitting section, then to initiate the first row of detonation blastholes and finally to initiate the second row of detonation blastholes.
In one embodiment of the invention, a first plurality of upward scallops Kong Caiyong are staggered charge structures and a second plurality of upward scallops Kong Caiyong are staggered charge structures.
In one embodiment of the invention, the first row of detonation blastholes comprises 11 first upward scalloped holes and the second row of detonation blastholes comprises 11 second upward scalloped holes.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pre-split segment is divided into at least three detonation batches.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the packing sections of the first row of detonation blastholes and the two packing sections of the second row of detonation blastholes are both packed with a fire retardant material.
In one embodiment of the invention, the emulsion explosive sections of the first row of detonation blastholes and the emulsion explosive sections of the second row of detonation blastholes are all filled with full-coupling charges; the digital electronic detonator adopts a hole bottom detonating mode.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pre-splitting device comprises pre-splitting guide grooves, scale grooves, a regulator and connecting grooves, wherein the pre-splitting guide grooves are arranged oppositely, each pre-splitting guide groove is provided with a groove side and a convex side, the groove sides of the pre-splitting guide grooves are abutted against the hole wall surface of the second upward fan-shaped hole, the scale grooves are arranged on the groove sides of the pre-splitting guide grooves at intervals, the connecting grooves are arranged at the head part and the tail part of the pre-splitting guide grooves in a staggered mode, and the regulator is arranged between the convex sides of the two oppositely arranged pre-splitting guide grooves at intervals.
In one embodiment of the invention, the regulator comprises a regulating pin, a regulating column and a regulating spring, wherein one side of the regulating pin is connected with the convex side of one pre-splitting guide groove through the regulating spring, the other side of the regulating pin is connected with the regulating column, the regulating column is connected with the convex side of the other pre-splitting guide groove, and every two adjacent regulators are staggered.
In one embodiment of the invention, the emulsion explosive cartridges are arranged in a plurality of and spaced mode, and each emulsion explosive cartridge can be split from the middle to form two-flap explosive cartridges, and the two-flap explosive cartridges are respectively arranged in grooves on the groove sides of the two pre-splitting guide grooves.
In one embodiment of the invention, the presplitting device is made of a rigid plastic.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of deep hole pre-splitting blasting, comprising the steps of:
drilling a plurality of first upward sector holes in a stoping roadway, firstly filling a digital electronic detonator and emulsion explosive into each first upward sector hole from inside to outside to form an emulsion explosive section, then plugging to form a filling section, and forming empty holes Duan Ju without filling explosive in the remaining empty holes to form a first row of detonation gun holes;
drilling a plurality of second upward sector holes in a stoping roadway, firstly filling a digital electronic detonator and emulsion explosive into each second upward sector hole from inside to outside to form an emulsion explosive section, then plugging to form a filling section, then installing a pre-splitting device and filling an emulsion explosive cartridge, binding the pre-splitting device with a detonating cord, connecting the detonating cord with the emulsion explosive cartridge, connecting the detonating cord to the digital electronic detonator to form a pre-splitting section, and finally plugging to form a filling section again to form a second row of detonating blastholes;
the detonating cord is detonated firstly through the digital electronic detonator, the emulsifying explosive cartridge is detonated by the detonating cord to detonate the pre-splitting device to detonate the pre-splitting section, then the first row of detonating blastholes is detonated and finally the second row of detonating blastholes is detonated.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pre-splitting device comprises pre-splitting guide grooves, scale grooves, a regulator and connecting grooves, wherein the pre-splitting guide grooves are arranged oppositely, each pre-splitting guide groove is provided with a groove side and a convex side, the groove sides of the pre-splitting guide grooves are abutted against the hole wall surface of the second upward fan-shaped hole, the scale grooves are arranged on the groove sides of the pre-splitting guide grooves at intervals, the connecting grooves are arranged at the head part and the tail part of the pre-splitting guide grooves in a staggered mode, and the regulator is arranged between the convex sides of the two oppositely arranged pre-splitting guide grooves at intervals.
In one embodiment of the invention, the regulator comprises a regulating pin, a regulating column and a regulating spring, wherein one side of the regulating pin is connected with the convex side of one pre-splitting guide groove through the regulating spring, the other side of the regulating pin is connected with the regulating column, the regulating column is connected with the convex side of the other pre-splitting guide groove, and every two adjacent regulators are staggered.
In one embodiment of the invention, the emulsion explosive cartridges are arranged in a plurality of and spaced mode, and each emulsion explosive cartridge can be split from the middle to form two-flap explosive cartridges, and the two-flap explosive cartridges are respectively arranged in grooves on the groove sides of the two pre-splitting guide grooves.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, by optimizing the detonation sequence and combining the pre-splitting device, the surrounding rock damage of the top plate of the roadway caused by blasting energy transmission can be effectively blocked during deep hole blasting, so that the function of protecting the brow line opening and the top plate is achieved.
According to the invention, the loading quantity of the crushed ore of the existing blastholes is not reduced, the presplitting design can be carried out by using the hollow hole sections in the blasting holes in the second row of blasting holes, presplitting blasting is utilized, presplitting is added in surrounding rock, and the stability of the surrounding rock of the top plate of the roadway is protected.
The invention has simple structure, convenient manufacture, convenient construction and installation, and can be produced in large scale and used in actual.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a first row of detonation blastholes of a deep hole pre-splitting blasting device provided by the invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a second row of detonation blastholes of the deep hole pre-splitting blasting device;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the sequence of detonation of the deep hole pre-splitting blasting device provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural view of the pre-splitting section of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of the pre-split charge configuration of FIG. 4;
fig. 6 shows a schematic structural view of a pre-splitting device employed in the present invention.
List of reference numerals
The device comprises a stoping roadway 1, a first row of detonating blastholes, a second row of detonating blastholes, a first upward sector hole, a 5 hollow hole section, a 6 filling section, a 7 emulsion explosive section, an 8 pre-splitting section, a second upward sector hole, a 10 emulsion explosive cartridge, an 11 detonating cord, a 12 electronic detonator wire, a 13 digital electronic detonator, a 14 pre-splitting device, a 15 pre-splitting guide groove, a 16 scale groove, a 17 adjusting pin, a 18 adjusting column, a 19 adjusting spring, a 20 connecting groove and a 21 adjuster.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the embodiments of the invention shown in the exemplary embodiments are only illustrative. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible without materially departing from the teachings of the subject matter of this disclosure. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of present invention. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and parameters of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present inventions.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides a deep hole pre-splitting blasting apparatus, comprising: the first row of detonation gun holes 2, wherein the first row of detonation gun holes 2 comprises a plurality of first upward sector holes 4 formed by drilling in a stoping roadway 1, each first upward sector hole 4 sequentially forms an emulsion explosive section 7, a filling section 6 and a hollow hole section 5 from inside to outside, and the emulsion explosive section 7 is filled with a digital electronic detonator 13 and emulsion explosive; a second row of detonation blastholes 3, wherein the second row of detonation blastholes 3 comprises a plurality of second upward fan-shaped holes 9 formed by drilling in the stoping roadway 1, each second upward fan-shaped hole 9 sequentially forms an emulsion explosive section 7, a filling section 6, a pre-splitting section 8 and a filling section 6 from inside to outside, the emulsion explosive section 7 is filled with a digital electronic detonator and emulsion explosive, the pre-splitting section 8 is provided with a pre-splitting device 14 and filled with an emulsion explosive cartridge 10, the pre-splitting device 14 is bound with a detonating cord 11, the detonating cord 11 is connected with the emulsion explosive cartridge 10 and the detonating cord 11 is connected to the digital electronic detonator 13; an initiator (not shown) configured to first detonate the detonating cord 11 by the digital electronic detonator 13, detonate the emulsified explosive cartridge 10 by the detonating cord 11 to detonate the pre-splitting device 14 to detonate the pre-splitting section 8, then detonate the first row of detonating blastholes 2 and finally detonate the second row of detonating blastholes 3.
Through the technical scheme, the invention can effectively block the surrounding rock damage of the tunnel roof caused by blasting energy transmission during deep hole blasting, and achieves the effect of protecting the brow line opening and the roof.
In the above arrangement, as shown in fig. 1-2, a plurality of first upwardly facing scallops 4 are provided with staggered charge arrangements and a plurality of second upwardly facing scallops 9 are provided with staggered charge arrangements.
In the above arrangement, as shown in fig. 1-2, preferably the first row of detonation blastholes comprises 11 first upward scalloped holes and the second row of detonation blastholes comprises 11 second upward scalloped holes.
In the above arrangement, as shown in fig. 3, the pre-splitting section is divided into at least three detonation batches.
In the above device, as shown in fig. 1-2, the packing sections 6 of the first row of detonation blastholes 2 and the two packing sections 6 of the second row of detonation blastholes 3 are both packed with flame retardant material.
In the device, as shown in fig. 1-2, the emulsion explosive sections 7 of the first row of detonation blastholes 2 and the emulsion explosive sections 7 of the second row of detonation blastholes 3 are all filled with full-coupling charges. As shown in fig. 5, the digital electronic detonator 13 adopts a hole bottom detonation method.
In the above-described apparatus, as shown in fig. 6, the pre-splitting device 14 includes pre-splitting guide grooves 15, scale grooves 16, regulators 21, and connecting grooves 20, the pre-splitting device 14 is composed of two oppositely disposed pre-splitting guide grooves 15, each pre-splitting guide groove 15 has a groove side and a convex side, the groove side of the pre-splitting guide groove 15 abuts against the wall surface of the second upward sector hole 9, the scale grooves 16 are disposed at intervals on the groove side of the pre-splitting guide groove 15, the connecting grooves 20 are disposed at intervals on the head and tail of the pre-splitting guide groove 15, and the regulators 21 are disposed at intervals between the convex sides of the two oppositely disposed pre-splitting guide grooves 15.
In the above-described device, as shown in fig. 6, the adjuster 21 includes the adjusting pin 17, the adjusting post 18, and the adjusting spring 19, one side of the adjusting pin 17 is connected to the convex side of one pre-split guide groove 15 through the adjusting spring 19, the other side of the adjusting pin 17 is connected to the adjusting post 18, the adjusting post 18 is connected to the convex side of the other pre-split guide groove 15, and every adjacent two of the adjusters 21 are staggered.
In the above-described apparatus, as shown in fig. 4 to 5, the emulsion explosive cartridges 10 are arranged in plurality and at intervals, and each emulsion explosive cartridge 10 may be split from the middle to form two-flap explosive cartridges, which are respectively loaded into grooves of the groove sides of the two pre-split guide grooves 15.
In the above arrangement, the presplitting device 14 is made of a rigid plastic.
In addition, the invention also provides a deep hole pre-splitting blasting method, as shown in fig. 1-6, which comprises the following steps:
drilling a plurality of first upward sector holes 4 in a stoping roadway 1, firstly loading a digital electronic detonator 13 and emulsion explosive into each first upward sector hole 4 from inside to outside to form an emulsion explosive section 7, then plugging to form a filling section 6, and forming a hollow hole section 5 by the rest hollow holes without explosive to form a first row of detonation blastholes 2;
drilling a plurality of second upward sector holes 9 in a stoping roadway 1, firstly loading a digital electronic detonator 13 and emulsion explosive into each second upward sector hole 9 from inside to outside to form an emulsion explosive section 7, then plugging to form a filling section 6, then installing a pre-splitting device 14 and loading an emulsion explosive cartridge 10, binding the pre-splitting device 14 with a detonating cord 11, connecting the detonating cord 11 with the emulsion explosive cartridge 10, connecting the detonating cord 11 to the digital electronic detonator 13 to form a pre-splitting section 8, and finally plugging to form the filling section 6 again to form a second row of detonating blastholes 3;
the detonating cord 11 is first detonated by the digital electronic detonator 13, the emulsifying explosive cartridge 10 is detonated by the detonating cord 11 to detonate the pre-splitting device 14 to detonate the pre-splitting section 8, then the first row of detonating blastholes 2 and finally the second row of detonating blastholes 3.
The above technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail by specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, in this embodiment, the deep hole pre-splitting blasting device provided by the invention comprises a stope 1, a first row of blasting holes 2, a second row of blasting holes 3, a first upward fan-shaped hole 4, a hollow hole section 5, a filling section 6, an emulsion explosive section 7, a pre-splitting section 8, a second upward fan-shaped hole 9, an emulsion explosive roll 10, a detonating cord 11, an electronic detonator wire 12, a digital electronic detonator 13 and a pre-splitting device 14, wherein the pre-splitting device 14 consists of a pre-splitting guide slot 15, a scale slot 16, a regulator 21 (which comprises a regulating pin 17, a regulating column 18, a regulating spring 19) and a connecting slot 20.
In the embodiment of the invention, the stoping roadway 1 is provided with two rows of blastholes, namely a first row of blastholes 2 and a second row of blastholes 3, wherein the first row of blastholes 2 and the second row of blastholes 3 are respectively formed by 11 blastholes. The first row of detonation blastholes 2 are the first row of blastholes close to the stope face, and the second row of detonation blastholes 3 are the second row of blastholes of the first row of detonation blastholes 2 facing the roadway mouth direction. In the embodiment, the diameter of the blast hole is 76mm, the emulsified explosive roll is phi 32mm, the length is 200mm, the weight is 200g, and the emulsified explosive is the 2# rock emulsified explosive.
In the embodiment of the invention, the hollow hole section in the second row of detonation blastholes 3 is designed as a pre-splitting section, and is combined with a pre-splitting device to detonate before the first row of detonation blastholes 2 to form a pre-splitting, so that the stress wave generated by the blasting of the first row of detonation blastholes 2 is blocked. As shown in fig. 1-6, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
(1) In the stoping roadway 1, a first upward sector hole 4 and a second upward sector hole 9 are respectively drilled, a digital electronic detonator 13 and emulsion explosive are firstly filled into the first upward sector hole 4 to form an emulsion explosive section 7, then the blast holes are plugged by stemming to form a filling section 6, the remaining empty holes form an empty hole section 5, no explosive is filled in the remaining empty holes, and a first row of detonation blast holes 2 are formed after the completion of the work, and the specific structure is shown in figure 1.
(2) The second upward sector hole 9 is filled with a digital electronic detonator 13 and an emulsion explosive to form an emulsion explosive section 7, then the blast hole is plugged by stemming to form a filling section 6, the emulsion explosive 10 is split from the middle to form two-petal explosive rolls (each of which is 100g and 200mm long), the detonating cord 11 and the pre-splitting device 14 are respectively bound together by adhesive tapes according to the designed spacing, the spacing between the emulsion explosive rolls 10 is 500mm-600mm unequal, a plurality of pre-splitting devices 14 are connected together by adhesive tapes through connecting grooves 20 on the device to form a uncoupled charging structure required by pre-splitting blasting, the pre-splitting section 8 is formed, then the blast hole is plugged by stemming, the filling section 6 is formed again, and the second row of detonating blast holes 3 are formed after the work is completed, and the specific structure is shown in figures 2 and 4.
(3) The emulsion explosive sections 7 of the two rows of detonation blast holes are directly detonated by adopting a digital electronic detonator 13, the pre-splitting section 8 is detonated by adopting the digital electronic detonator 13 to detonate the detonating cord 11, and then the emulsion explosive roll 10 is detonated by the detonating cord 11. Finally, the detonating electronic detonator wires 12 are integrated together, and the detonating points detonate together.
(4) During detonation, according to the detonator delay shown in fig. 3, the pre-splitting section 8 is detonated firstly so as to form a pre-crack between the first row of detonation blastholes 2 and the roadway surrounding rock, so that stress transmission is blocked, the first row of detonation blastholes 2 are detonated again, and finally the second row of detonation blastholes 3 are detonated.
In the above implementation steps, preferably, as shown in fig. 1-2, the first upward sector hole 4 adopts an staggered charging structure, and the charging lengths of the blastholes at the same position (such as 6-1# blasthole and 6-2# blasthole, 5-1# blasthole and 5-2# blasthole) as the second upward sector hole 9 are staggered.
In the above implementation steps, preferably, as shown in the initiation sequence diagram of fig. 3, the pre-splitting section 8 may be divided into 3 initiation batches, the sequences are (YL-5, YL-6, YL-7) — (YL-1, YL-2, YL-3, YL-4) — (YL-8, YL-9, YL-10, YL-11), and the initiation detonator delays are 10ms, 15ms, and 20ms, respectively.
In the above embodiment, the detonation sequence chart shown in fig. 3 is preferable. After the pre-splitting section 8 is blasted, a first row of blasting holes 2 are blasted, wherein the blasting sequence is (6-1#) - (5-1#) - (7-1#) … … - (1-1#) - (11-1#) -. After the first row of blasting holes 2 completes blasting, the second row of blasting holes 3 are sequentially blasted, wherein the blasting sequence is (6-2#) - (5-2#) - (7-2#) … … - (1-2#) - (11-2#). The differential spacing between every two adjacent wells is 25ms.
In the above specific implementation steps, preferably, the filling section 6 is filled with a flame retardant material, and the effective filling length should be equal to or greater than 500mm.
In the above-described embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, it is preferable that the first upward fanning hole 4 is divided into an emulsion explosive section 7, a caulking section 6, and a void section 5, the length of the void section 5 is 2-6m, the minimum is not less than 1/10 of the total length of the first upward fanning hole 4, and the maximum is not more than 1/2 of the total length of the first upward fanning hole 4.
In the specific implementation step, the emulsion explosive section 7 preferably adopts full-coupling charging, and the digital electronic detonator 13 adopts a hole bottom detonating mode.
In the above specific implementation steps, as shown in fig. 2, preferably, the pre-splitting section 8 adopts a uncoupled charging structure, each emulsifying explosive cartridge 10 is split into two halves, each emulsifying explosive cartridge is respectively connected in series by adopting a detonating cord 11, and the detonating cord 11 is detonated by adopting a digital electronic detonator 13 at the orifice.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, it is preferable that the first cartridge in emulsion explosive cartridge 10 of pre-split section 8 be maintained at a distance of greater than 100mm from stuffer section 6.
In the above specific implementation steps, as shown in fig. 2, preferably, when the hole section of the pre-splitting section 8 is longer than 5m, the distance between the tail end emulsified explosive rolls 10 is smaller than 500mm, the distance is increased to 600mm after the explosive is filled to exceed the adjacent blast hole filling section 6, and the maximum distance is not larger than 800mm. And when the hole section length of the pre-splitting section 8 is smaller than 5m, the spacing charging interval of the whole section is smaller than 500mm, and the minimum interval is not smaller than 350mm.
In the above specific implementation step, preferably, as shown in the schematic structural diagram of the pre-splitting section in fig. 5, the pre-splitting device 14 should be kept in a plane with other blast holes of the second upward fan-shaped hole 9, and the pre-splitting guide groove 15 is closely attached to the wall of the blast hole, so as to ensure that the energy of blasting adjacent two sides can be concentrated on a plane, and a pre-split can be formed.
In the above specific implementation step, preferably, as shown in fig. 6, the pre-splitting device is composed of two pre-splitting guide grooves 15, the single length is 500mm, the diameter of each guide groove is 35mm, the scale grooves 16 are arranged at intervals of 50mm, and the groove depth is 3mm; the presplitting guide grooves 15 are provided with connecting grooves 20 with the length of 25mm at the head and the tail, are staggered, serve as connecting ends of the presplitting guide grooves 15, and are bound by adhesive tapes during connection.
In the above-described implementation steps, it is preferable that the regulator 21 is provided at a pitch of 100mm on the convex side (ridge portion) of the pre-cleavage guide groove 15, as shown in fig. 6: the device consists of an adjusting pin 17, an adjusting column 18 and an adjusting spring 19, wherein the inner diameter of the adjusting pin 17 is 10mm, the length is not more than 100mm, the outer diameter of the adjusting column 18 is 9.5mm, and the length is not more than 100mm; during installation, an adjusting spring 19 with the length of 35mm is arranged in the adjusting pin 17, the diameter of the spring is 9mm, the hooke coefficient of the spring is larger than 200N/m, two pre-splitting guide grooves 15 are combined into an independent pre-splitting device 14, one pre-splitting section 8 can be formed by connecting a plurality of pre-splitting devices 14, and the pre-splitting devices 14 are connected through connecting grooves 20 which are arranged at the head part and the tail part in a staggered mode.
In the above-described implementation steps, the adjustment pin 17 and the adjustment post 18 are preferably shortened according to the diameter of the blast hole. In the blast hole of 76mm in this example, the lengths of the adjustment pin 17 and the adjustment post 18 can be reduced to 30mm.
In the above embodiment, the material of the pre-splitting device 14 is preferably hard plastic, and the thickness of the shell should not be less than 2mm to ensure strength.
Therefore, through the technical scheme, the invention can effectively block the surrounding rock damage of the tunnel roof caused by blasting energy transmission during deep hole blasting, and achieves the effect of protecting the brow line opening and the roof. According to the invention, the loading quantity of the crushed ore of the existing blastholes is not reduced, the presplitting design can be carried out by using the hollow hole sections in the blasting holes in the second row of blasting holes, presplitting blasting is utilized, presplitting is added in surrounding rock, and the stability of the surrounding rock of the top plate of the roadway is protected.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention; modifications and equivalent substitutions are intended to be included in the scope of the claims without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A deep hole pre-splitting blasting apparatus, comprising:
the first row of detonation blast holes comprise a plurality of first upward sector holes formed by drilling in a stoping roadway, each first upward sector hole sequentially forms an emulsion explosive section, a filling section and a hollow hole section from inside to outside, and the emulsion explosive sections are filled with digital electronic detonators and emulsion explosives;
the second-row detonation blast holes comprise a plurality of second upward fan-shaped holes formed by drilling in a stoping roadway, each second upward fan-shaped hole sequentially forms an emulsion explosive section, a filling section, a pre-splitting section and a filling section from inside to outside, the emulsion explosive sections are filled with digital electronic detonators and emulsion explosives, the pre-splitting sections are provided with pre-splitting devices and filled with emulsion explosive rolls, the pre-splitting devices are bound with detonating cords, the detonating cords are connected with the emulsion explosive rolls, and the detonating cords are connected with the digital electronic detonators;
and the exploder is configured to explode the detonating cord through the digital electronic detonator, explode the emulsified explosive cartridge through the detonating cord to explode the pre-splitting device to explode the pre-splitting section, then explode the first row of detonating blastholes and finally explode the second row of detonating blastholes.
2. The deep hole pre-split blasting apparatus of claim 1, wherein a plurality of said first upward scallops Kong Caiyong are staggered charge structures and a plurality of said second upward scallops Kong Caiyong are staggered charge structures.
3. The deep hole pre-split blasting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pre-split section is divided into at least three initiation batches.
4. The deep hole pre-splitting blasting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pre-splitting apparatus comprises pre-splitting guide grooves, scale grooves, a regulator and a connecting groove, the pre-splitting apparatus is composed of two oppositely arranged pre-splitting guide grooves, each pre-splitting guide groove has a groove side and a convex side, the groove sides of the pre-splitting guide grooves abut against the hole wall surface of the second upward sector hole, the scale grooves are arranged on the groove sides of the pre-splitting guide grooves at intervals, the connecting grooves are arranged on the head and tail parts of the pre-splitting guide grooves at intervals, and the regulator is arranged between the convex sides of the two oppositely arranged pre-splitting guide grooves at intervals.
5. The deep hole pre-splitting blasting apparatus of claim 4, wherein the adjuster comprises an adjusting pin, an adjusting post and an adjusting spring, one side of the adjusting pin is connected with the convex side of one of the pre-splitting guide grooves through the adjusting spring, the other side of the adjusting pin is connected with the adjusting post, the adjusting post is connected with the convex side of the other of the pre-splitting guide grooves, and every two adjacent adjusters are staggered.
6. The deep hole pre-splitting blasting apparatus of claim 5, wherein the emulsion explosive cartridges are arranged in a plurality of and spaced apart manner, and each of the emulsion explosive cartridges is split from the middle to form two-petal explosive cartridges, and the two-petal explosive cartridges are respectively loaded into grooves on the groove sides of the two pre-splitting guide grooves.
7. A method of deep hole pre-splitting blasting comprising the steps of:
drilling a plurality of first upward sector holes in a stoping roadway, firstly filling a digital electronic detonator and emulsion explosive into each first upward sector hole from inside to outside to form an emulsion explosive section, then plugging to form a filling section, and forming empty holes Duan Ju without filling explosive in the remaining empty holes to form a first row of detonation gun holes;
drilling a plurality of second upward sector holes in a stoping roadway, firstly filling a digital electronic detonator and emulsion explosive into each second upward sector hole from inside to outside to form an emulsion explosive section, then plugging to form a filling section, then installing a pre-splitting device and filling an emulsion explosive cartridge, binding the pre-splitting device with a detonating cord, connecting the detonating cord with the emulsion explosive cartridge, connecting the detonating cord to the digital electronic detonator to form a pre-splitting section, and finally plugging to form a filling section again to form a second row of detonating blastholes;
the detonating cord is detonated firstly through the digital electronic detonator, the emulsifying explosive cartridge is detonated by the detonating cord to detonate the pre-splitting device to detonate the pre-splitting section, then the first row of detonating blastholes is detonated and finally the second row of detonating blastholes is detonated.
8. The deep hole pre-splitting blasting method of claim 7, wherein the pre-splitting device comprises pre-splitting guide grooves, scale grooves, a regulator and a connecting groove, the pre-splitting device is composed of two oppositely arranged pre-splitting guide grooves, each pre-splitting guide groove is provided with a groove side and a convex side, the groove sides of the pre-splitting guide grooves are abutted against the hole wall surface of the second upward fan-shaped hole, the scale grooves are arranged on the groove sides of the pre-splitting guide grooves at intervals, the connecting grooves are arranged on the head parts and the tail parts of the pre-splitting guide grooves at intervals, and the regulator is arranged between the convex sides of the two oppositely arranged pre-splitting guide grooves at intervals.
9. The deep hole pre-splitting blasting method according to claim 8, wherein the adjusters comprise an adjusting pin, an adjusting post and an adjusting spring, one side of the adjusting pin is connected with the convex side of one of the pre-splitting guide grooves through the adjusting spring, the other side of the adjusting pin is connected with the adjusting post, the adjusting post is connected with the convex side of the other of the pre-splitting guide grooves, and every two adjacent adjusters are staggered.
10. The deep hole pre-splitting blasting method according to claim 9, wherein the emulsion explosive cartridges are arranged in a plurality of and spaced manner, and each of the emulsion explosive cartridges is split from the middle to form two-petal explosive cartridges, and the two-petal explosive cartridges are respectively loaded into grooves on the groove sides of the two pre-splitting guide grooves.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311026587.9A CN116878346A (en) | 2023-08-15 | 2023-08-15 | Deep hole pre-splitting blasting device and method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311026587.9A CN116878346A (en) | 2023-08-15 | 2023-08-15 | Deep hole pre-splitting blasting device and method thereof |
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| CN116878346A true CN116878346A (en) | 2023-10-13 |
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| CN202311026587.9A Pending CN116878346A (en) | 2023-08-15 | 2023-08-15 | Deep hole pre-splitting blasting device and method thereof |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN116878346A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-08-15 CN CN202311026587.9A patent/CN116878346A/en active Pending
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