CN117739759A - Sandstone rock strip mine blasting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a sandstone rock strip mine blasting method, which comprises the following steps of: drilling a plurality of blast holes on the working surface according to the blasting design requirement; loading blasting explosive into each blast hole; loading a first blasting cap and a second blasting cap into each blast hole, enabling the first blasting cap to be close to the top of the blasting explosive, and enabling the second blasting cap to be close to the bottom of the blasting explosive; plugging the orifice of each blast hole by using a plugging material; and detonating the first detonating primer and the second detonating primer to realize the explosion of all blasting explosives in the gun holes. The sandstone rock strip mine blasting method provided by the invention has the advantages of high blasting quality of sandstone, low blasting cost and high mining and loading operation safety.

Description

Sandstone rock strip mine blasting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of strip mine blasting construction, in particular to a sandstone rock strip mine blasting method.

Background

In the related art, when blasting construction is carried out on sandstone rock strip mines, because the water content of the water sandstone positions is large, the situation that blasting explosive is immersed and cannot be detonated by detonators occurs easily, namely blind blasting occurs, the blasting quality is reduced, the mining operation potential safety hazard is improved, and the blasting cost is high due to the follow-up secondary blasting requirement.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.

Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a sandstone rock strip mine blasting method, which has the advantages of high blasting quality of sandstone, low blasting cost and high safety of mining and loading operations.

The sandstone rock strip mine blasting method according to the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

drilling a plurality of blast holes on the working surface according to the blasting design requirement;

loading blasting explosive into each blast hole;

loading a first blasting cap and a second blasting cap into each blast hole, enabling the first blasting cap to be close to the top of the blasting explosive, and enabling the second blasting cap to be close to the bottom of the blasting explosive;

plugging the orifice of each blast hole by using a plugging material;

and detonating the first detonating primer and the second detonating primer to realize the explosion of all blasting explosives in the gun holes.

According to the sandstone rock strip mine blasting method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first blasting cap and the second blasting cap are arranged in each blast hole, and the first blasting cap and the second blasting cap are respectively adjacent to the top wall and the bottom of the blasting explosive, namely, the first blasting cap and the second blasting cap respectively conduct forward blasting and reverse blasting on the blasting explosive. When blasting is carried out, the probability of simultaneous detonation failure of the first detonating primer and the second detonating primer is lower, namely the probability that the blasting explosive cannot be detonated is lower, so that the blasting quality of sandstone is higher, secondary blasting is basically not needed, the blasting cost is lower, and false explosion of the unexplosive blasting explosive in the process of mining and loading operation is avoided, and the safety of mining and loading operation is higher.

In some embodiments, the detonation times of the first primer and the second primer located within the same borehole are the same;

the detonation time of the first blasting cap in different blast holes is different.

In some embodiments, the first and second detonators comprise millisecond detonators or digital detonators.

In some embodiments, the drilling a plurality of blast holes on the working surface according to the blasting design requirement further comprises:

the plurality of blast holes are divided into a plurality of blast hole groups which are arranged at intervals along a first direction, each blast hole group comprises a plurality of blast holes which are arranged at intervals along a second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the projections of a plurality of blast holes in any blast hole group and the projections of a plurality of blast holes in adjacent blast hole groups are alternately arranged at intervals along the first direction.

In some embodiments, the detonating the first primer detonator and the second primer detonator achieves the explosion of all blasting explosives in the blastholes, and further comprises:

and (3) sequentially exploding the blasting explosives in the plurality of blast holes in the same blast hole group along the second direction and/or sequentially exploding the blasting explosives in the blast holes in the plurality of blast hole groups along the first direction by designing the detonation time of the first blasting cap and the second blasting cap in different blast holes.

In some embodiments, the distance between any two adjacent blastholes in the blasthole groups is 12m-12.2m, and the distance between any two adjacent blasthole groups is 3.4m-3.6m.

In some embodiments, the plurality of blast hole sets each comprise first blast holes on the same edge, the plurality of first blast holes being spaced apart along a third direction, wherein,

and a plurality of groups of blasting explosives in each blast hole group are sequentially exploded along the second direction from the blasting explosives in the first blast holes, and a plurality of blasting explosives in the first blast holes are sequentially exploded along the third direction.

In some embodiments, the angle between the third direction and the second direction is 30 ° -45 °.

In some embodiments, the blasting explosive comprises a number 2 rock explosive and a hybrid emulsion explosive, the number 2 rock explosive is divided into two parts and is respectively located above and below the hybrid emulsion explosive, and the first blasting cap and the second blasting cap are respectively buried in the two parts of the number 2 rock explosive.

In some embodiments, before the plugging the orifice of each blast hole with the plugging material, the method further comprises:

and connecting the leg wires of the first detonating primer and the second detonating primer in each blast hole into a detonation network according to design requirements.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a plurality of blastholes in a sandstone rock strip mine blasting method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of a blasting explosive, a first primer, a second primer, and a plug in a blasthole according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

1. a blast hole; 2. blasting explosive; 3. a first blasting cap; 4. a second primer detonator; 5. a closure.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

A sandstone rock strip mine blasting method according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 and 2.

The sandstone rock strip mine blasting method according to the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

drilling a plurality of blast holes 1 on a working surface according to blasting design requirements;

loading blasting explosive 2 into each blast hole 1;

loading a first blasting cap 3 and a second blasting cap 4 into each blast hole 1, enabling the first blasting cap 3 to be close to the top of the blasting explosive 2, and enabling the second blasting cap 4 to be close to the bottom of the blasting explosive 2;

plugging the orifice of each blasthole 1 with a plug 5;

the first detonating primer 3 and the second detonating primer 4 are detonated, so that the explosion of the explosive 2 is realized in all blast holes 1.

According to the sandstone rock strip mine blasting method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first blasting cap 3 and the second blasting cap 4 are arranged in each blast hole 1, and the first blasting cap 3 and the second blasting cap 4 are respectively adjacent to the top wall and the bottom of the blasting explosive 2, namely, the first blasting cap 3 and the second blasting cap 4 respectively perform forward blasting and reverse blasting on the blasting explosive 2. When blasting is carried out, the probability of the failure caused by the simultaneous detonation of the first detonating primer 3 and the second detonating primer 4 is lower, namely the probability that the blasting explosive 2 cannot be detonated is lower, so that the blasting quality of sandstone is higher, secondary blasting is basically not needed, the blasting cost is lower, and the false explosion of the unexplosive blasting explosive 2 in the process of loading is avoided, and the loading safety is higher.

The energy collecting hole of the first blasting cap 3 faces to the bottom of the blast hole 1, and when the first blasting cap 3 detonates the blasting explosive 2 for explosion, the detonation wave and the fixed particles of the blasting explosive 2 are transferred and scattered to the bottom of the blast hole 1, so that the occurrence of a cupola is effectively avoided. Moreover, the energy gathering hole of the second blasting cap 4 faces to the opening of the blast hole 1, when the blasting explosive 2 is detonated reversely through the second blasting cap 4, the direction of detonation wave is consistent with the direction of the blasting rock surface, the explosion energy of the explosive can be fully exerted, and the blasting quality of the blasting explosive 2 on sandstone is higher. In addition, under the detonation of the second blasting cap 4, the rock blasting effect at the bottom of the blast hole 1 is effectively ensured, the excavation work of the excavation equipment is effectively ensured, secondary blasting reworking is not needed, the consumption of initiating explosive devices is reduced, and further investment of personnel, equipment and funds is avoided.

In some embodiments, the detonation times of the first primer 3 and the second primer 4 located within the same borehole 1 are the same. Thereby effectively avoiding the failure of one of the first primer 3 and the second primer 4 due to the initiation of the other.

The detonation times of the first detonators 3 located in different blastholes 1 are different. Namely, the explosion time of the explosion explosives 2 in different blastholes 1 is different, and at the moment, the blastholes 1 detonated in advance can create free surfaces for the blastholes 1 detonated subsequently, so that the explosion effect of the explosion explosives 2 in the subsequent blastholes 1 is effectively improved.

In some embodiments, the first primer 3 and the second primer 4 comprise millisecond primer or digital primer.

The millisecond detonators or the digital detonators can delay the detonation of the first detonating primer 3 and the second detonating primer 4, so that different blastholes 1 are sequentially detonated at different times, and the blasting quality of sandstone is effectively ensured.

In some embodiments, according to the blasting design requirement, the drilling of a plurality of blast holes 1 on the working surface further comprises:

the plurality of blast holes 1 are divided into a plurality of blast hole groups which are arranged at intervals along a first direction, each blast hole group comprises a plurality of blast holes 1 which are arranged at intervals along a second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and projections of the plurality of blast holes 1 in any blast hole group and projections of the plurality of blast holes 1 in adjacent blast hole groups are alternately arranged at intervals along the first direction.

This setting makes a plurality of big holes 1 generally evenly arrange at the working face, and in addition, this setting makes when one of them big hole 1 explodes in advance, can create the free surface for two big holes 1 in the adjacent big hole group, also the area of the free surface that creates to single big hole 1 is bigger, and then makes the blasting quality of sandstone around follow-up big hole 1 higher.

In some embodiments, the first blasting cap 3 and the second blasting cap 4 are detonated to realize the explosion of the explosive 2 in all the blast holes 1, and the method further comprises: by designing the detonation time of the first blasting cap 3 and the second blasting cap 4 in different blast holes 1, the blasting explosives 2 in the plurality of blast holes 1 in the same blast hole group are sequentially blasted along the second direction, and/or the blasting explosives 2 in the blast holes 1 in the plurality of blast hole groups are sequentially blasted along the first direction.

Namely, in blasting, after a plurality of blastholes 1 in a row of blasthole groups are blasted in sequence, a plurality of blastholes 1 in adjacent rows of blasthole groups are blasted in sequence, and the like, so that blasting of all blastholes 1 is realized. The setting makes the free surface of the blast hole 1 to be blasted later enlarged by the blasted blast hole 1, thereby effectively ensuring the blasting quality of sandstone at each blast hole 1.

In some embodiments, the distance between any two adjacent blastholes 1 in a blasthole group is 12m-12.2m, and the distance between any two adjacent blasthole groups is 3.4m-3.6m.

At this time, compared with the design that the distance between two adjacent blastholes 1 in the original blasthole group is 7m and the distance between any two adjacent blasthole groups is 6m, the distance between the blasthole 1 in the embodiment and the blasthole 1 in the adjacent blasthole group is shorter, and when the blastholes 1 in each row of blastholes group are blasted in sequence, the blasting of the front row of blastholes 1 can create a free surface with a bigger area for the rear row of blastholes 1, thereby further ensuring the blasting quality of sandstone at the blasthole 1.

Specifically, the distance between any two adjacent blast holes 1 in the blast hole group is 12m, 12.1m or 12.2m, and the distance between any two adjacent blast hole groups is 3.4m, 3.5m or 3.6m.

In some embodiments, the plurality of blast hole groups each comprise first blast holes 1 positioned at the same edge, and the plurality of first blast holes 1 are arranged at intervals along the third direction, wherein the plurality of groups of blasting explosives 2 in each blast hole group are sequentially exploded along the second direction from the blasting explosives 2 in the first blast holes 1, and the blasting explosives 2 in the plurality of first blast holes 1 are sequentially exploded along the third direction.

That is, the plurality of blast holes 1 are connected in a large beveling way, so that more rows of blast hole groups can be formed, the distance between two adjacent blast hole groups is shorter, and when the short-row multi-row detonation is carried out subsequently, the blasting quality of sandstone at the blast holes 1 is higher, so that the later mining work can be better satisfied.

Specifically, the direction indicated by the arrow a in fig. 1 is a first direction, the direction indicated by the arrow B in fig. 1 is a second direction, and the direction indicated by the arrow C in fig. 1 is a third direction. The angle between the third direction and the second direction is 30 °, 35 °, 40 ° or 45 °.

In some embodiments, the blasting explosive 2 comprises a number 2 rock explosive and a hybrid emulsion explosive, the number 2 rock explosive being split into two parts and positioned above and below the hybrid emulsion explosive, respectively, the first primer 3 and the second primer 4 being embedded in the two parts of the number 2 rock explosive, respectively.

Namely, the first detonating primer 3 and the second detonating primer 4 detonate the No. 2 rock explosive first, and the No. 2 rock explosive detonates the mixed emulsion explosive again. Compared with the mixed emulsion explosive, the rock explosive No. 2 is more easily detonated by the detonating primer, so that the occurrence probability of the blind gun is further reduced.

In some embodiments, before plugging the orifice of each blasthole 1 with the plug 5, further comprising: and connecting the leg wires of the first detonating primer 3 and the second detonating primer 4 in each blast hole 1 into a detonation network according to design requirements. Through the design demand, the detonation time of the first blasting cap 3 and the second blasting cap 4 in each blast hole 1 is designed in different time delays, so that the first blasting cap 3 and the second blasting cap 4 in each blast hole 1 are ensured to be detonated in sequence according to the design sequence.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.

While the above embodiments have been shown and described, it should be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations of the above embodiments may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A sandstone rock strip mine blasting method, comprising the steps of:

drilling a plurality of blast holes on the working surface according to the blasting design requirement;

loading blasting explosive into each blast hole;

loading a first blasting cap and a second blasting cap into each blast hole, enabling the first blasting cap to be close to the top of the blasting explosive, and enabling the second blasting cap to be close to the bottom of the blasting explosive;

plugging the orifice of each blast hole by using a plugging material;

and detonating the first detonating primer and the second detonating primer to realize the explosion of all blasting explosives in the gun holes.

2. The sandstone rock strip mine blasting method of claim 1, wherein the detonation time of said first detonating primer and said second detonating primer located in the same blast hole are the same;

the detonation time of the first blasting cap in different blast holes is different.

3. The sandstone rock strip mine blasting method of claim 1, wherein said first and second detonators comprise millisecond detonators or digital detonators.

4. The sandstone rock strip mine blasting method of claim 1, wherein the drilling of a plurality of blastholes in the working surface according to the blasting design requirements further comprises:

the plurality of blast holes are divided into a plurality of blast hole groups which are arranged at intervals along a first direction, each blast hole group comprises a plurality of blast holes which are arranged at intervals along a second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the projections of a plurality of blast holes in any blast hole group and the projections of a plurality of blast holes in adjacent blast hole groups are alternately arranged at intervals along the first direction.

5. The sandstone rock strip mine blasting method of claim 4, wherein said detonating the first blasting cap and the second blasting cap to effect the detonation of all blastholes of the blasted explosive, further comprising:

and (3) sequentially exploding the blasting explosives in the plurality of blast holes in the same blast hole group along the second direction and/or sequentially exploding the blasting explosives in the blast holes in the plurality of blast hole groups along the first direction by designing the detonation time of the first blasting cap and the second blasting cap in different blast holes.

6. The sandstone rock strip mine blasting method of claim 4, wherein the distance between any two adjacent blast holes in the blast hole groups is 12m-12.2m, and the distance between any two adjacent blast holes is 3.4m-3.6m.

7. The method of blasting a sandstone rock strip mine of any of claims 4 to 6, wherein each of the plurality of blast hole groups comprises first blast holes located at the same edge, the plurality of first blast holes being spaced apart along a third direction, wherein,

and a plurality of groups of blasting explosives in each blast hole group are sequentially exploded along the second direction from the blasting explosives in the first blast holes, and a plurality of blasting explosives in the first blast holes are sequentially exploded along the third direction.

8. A sandstone rock strip mine blasting method according to claim 7, wherein the angle between the third direction and the second direction is 30 ° -45 °.

9. The sandstone rock strip mine blasting method of claim 1, wherein the blasting explosive comprises a No. 2 rock explosive and a mixed emulsion explosive, the No. 2 rock explosive being divided into two parts and being located above and below the mixed emulsion explosive, respectively, and the first blasting cap and the second blasting cap being buried in the two parts of No. 2 rock explosive, respectively.

10. The sandstone rock strip mine blasting method of claim 1, wherein before plugging the aperture of each blast hole with a plug, further comprising:

and connecting the leg wires of the first detonating primer and the second detonating primer in each blast hole into a detonation network according to design requirements.