CN110388856B - Smooth blasting method for tunneling - Google Patents
Smooth blasting method for tunneling Download PDFInfo
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- CN110388856B CN110388856B CN201910807990.2A CN201910807990A CN110388856B CN 110388856 B CN110388856 B CN 110388856B CN 201910807990 A CN201910807990 A CN 201910807990A CN 110388856 B CN110388856 B CN 110388856B
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
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-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Geology (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a smooth blasting method for tunneling, and belongs to the technical field of smooth blasting. Aiming at a large-span shallow tunnel positioned in the center of a city, in order to protect tunnel surrounding rocks and reduce the harmful vibration effect of homogeneous firing blasting to the maximum extent, smooth blasting holes are uniformly formed in the tunnel rocks, an uncoupled explosive charging device for smooth blasting is placed in the smooth blasting holes, and precise short-time delay blasting of the smooth holes is realized by adopting a digital electronic detonator. The delay time in the holes is set in advance for the digital electronic detonator, and when hole-by-hole accurate short-delay detonation is carried out, the edge stress distribution of the edge of the blast hole is changed through time difference, so that the stress of the blast hole is concentrated, cracks are expanded and communicated in the direction of the connecting line of the blast hole, and compared with simultaneous firing surface blasting, the vibration can be effectively reduced. The blasting method not only ensures the effect of smooth blasting, but also effectively controls the blasting vibration in the smooth blasting process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a smooth blasting method for tunneling, and belongs to the technical field of smooth blasting.
Background
The engineering blasting technology is also changed greatly along with the development of national economy. Through continuous practice and application, abundant experience is accumulated. In the process of underground engineering construction and mining, blasting method construction is a common method for hard rock.
The smooth blasting is mainly used for underground engineering and tunnel excavation, can effectively improve the flatness of the surface of a roadway, has few cracks, few dangerous stones and small vibration, and greatly improves the safety of construction in the tunnel and the stability of surrounding rocks. The smooth blasting generally needs special explosive, and the cost is higher. Often can cause disturbance damage to the country rock because of too big dose, the concentrated scheduling problem of violence, reduce country rock stability. To obtain a good smooth blasting result, the selected charging structure and the adopted blasting design are of great importance, so that the development of a smooth blasting technology for tunnel tunneling applied to smooth blasting becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a smooth blasting method for tunnel tunneling, aiming at the problems of poor smooth blasting effect, large vibration harmful effect of uniform smooth blasting and the like in the prior art. According to the invention, by setting the preset delay time of the digital electronic detonator, the digital electronic detonator is adopted to carry out accurate short-delay detonation hole by hole, so that the energy generated by the detonators which are detonated firstly enables the adjacent blast holes to be in a prestressed state, and when the detonators which are detonated later explode, stress waves generated by two groups of detonators are superposed, thereby generating good 'coupling' of blasting acting force; not only can ensure the blasting effect of the smooth surface, but also effectively control the blasting vibration in the smooth surface blasting process.
The delay time of the detonators in the holes is required to be set in advance for the digital electronic detonators, and when accurate short-delay detonation is carried out hole by hole, the edge stress distribution of the edges of the blast holes is changed through the time difference, so that the stress of the blast holes is concentrated, cracks are expanded and communicated in the direction of the connecting line of the blast holes, and the vibration is effectively reduced compared with the uniform-lighting-surface detonation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a smooth blasting method for tunneling comprises the steps of uniformly forming smooth blasting holes in tunnel rocks, placing a non-coupling explosive loading device for the smooth blasting into the smooth blasting holes, and adopting a digital electronic detonator to realize the smooth hole-by-hole accurate short-delay blasting for tunneling.
The interval of the smooth blasting holes is 8-12 times of the diameter of the blasting holes, and the delay time of the digital electronic detonator is 9-12 ms.
One configuration of the uncoupled charge of the smooth blasting, denoted configuration a: smooth blasting's uncoupled charging means includes cartridge fixed arc III 6, explosive cartridge I5, explosive fuse I4, digital electronic detonator III 7, explosive cartridge I5 is fixed to be set up on cartridge fixed arc III 6, explosive fuse I4 connects gradually explosive cartridge I5, digital electronic detonator III 7 sets up the drill way end that is close to smooth blasting hole at cartridge fixed arc III 6's end and digital electronic detonator III 7, smooth blasting drill way fills stemming 8, digital electronic detonator III 7's leg wire 9 passes stemming 8 and passes through the external electronic detonator of wire.
Further, the charge decoupling coefficient of the explosive cartridge I5 is 1.8-2.3; the top end of the cartridge fixing arc plate III 6 is close to the orifice end of the smooth blasting hole, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing arc plate III 6 is the bottom, the charging distance of the bottom of the cartridge fixing arc plate III 6 is d1, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing arc plate III 6 is the middle part, the charging distance of the middle part of the cartridge fixing arc plate III 6 is d2, 1/3-1/5 of the cartridge fixing arc plate III 6 is the top, the charging distance of the top of the cartridge fixing arc plate III 6 is d3, d1 is larger than d2 and smaller than d3 is larger than or equal to 5cm and larger than or equal to 3 cm.
A smooth blasting method for tunneling, wherein a non-coupling explosive loading device for smooth blasting adopts a structure A, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting explosive cartridges with gap distances of more than or equal to 3 cm;
(2) selecting a cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate III with the length of the explosive cartridges matched with that of the smooth-surface blasting holes, binding and fixing the explosive cartridges I on the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate III, ensuring that the adjacent explosive cartridges I have a certain interval and the non-coupling coefficient of explosive charge is 1.8-2.3; the detonating cord I is sequentially bound and connected with the explosive cartridge I; arranging a digital electronic detonator III at the top end of the explosive binding device and inserting the digital electronic detonator III into the explosive cartridge I, wherein the insertion depth of the digital electronic detonator III is not less than 2/3 of the length of the digital electronic detonator III;
(3) Sending the explosive binding device of the explosive cartridge I filled in the step (2) into the hole from the smooth blasting hole;
(4) extending the leg wire of the digital electronic detonator III upwards along the blast hole, connecting the leg wire with an electronic detonator through a conducting wire, and then filling stemming into the blast hole above the digital electronic detonator III;
(5) and an electronic detonator is adopted to control the detonation of the digital electronic detonator III, so that the accurate short-delay detonation of the digital electronic detonator III hole by hole is realized.
Another structure of the uncoupled charge of the smooth blasting, denoted as structure B: the explosive binding device comprises a digital electronic detonator I14 arranged at the bottom of a smooth surface blasting hole, wherein an explosive binding device is arranged at the top end of the digital electronic detonator I14, a digital electronic detonator II 10 is arranged at the top end of the explosive binding device, the leg wires of the digital electronic detonator I14 and the digital electronic detonator II 10 extend upwards to the ground along the blasting hole, the leg wire of the digital electronic detonator I14 is positioned outside the explosive binding device, the leg wires of the digital electronic detonator I14 and the digital electronic detonator II 10 are externally connected with an electronic detonator through a lead, and stemming is filled in the blasting hole above the digital electronic detonator II 10;
the explosive binding device comprises a cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 
Medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
Medicine roll fixing arc plate
Arc-shaped plate fixed with explosive cartridge
The cartridge fixing frame 13 is formed by matching, and the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate
Arc-shaped plate fixed with explosive cartridge
The explosive cartridge II 11 is fixedly arranged in a cartridge fixing cavity of the cartridge fixing frame, the explosive cartridge II 11 is positioned on a central shaft of the smooth surface blast hole, and the explosive is detonatedThe cable II 12 is sequentially bound and connected with the explosive cartridge II 11.
Furthermore, the outer wall of the explosive cartridge II 11 fixing frame is axially and fixedly provided with a plurality of layers of positioning strips, the distance between the positioning strips of the adjacent layers is equal, and the positioning strips are uniformly arranged around the outer wall of the cartridge fixing frame 13.
Furthermore, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing cavity is the bottom, the charging distance at the bottom of the cartridge fixing cavity is d1, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing cavity is the middle, the charging distance at the middle of the cartridge fixing cavity is d2, 1/3-1/5 of the cartridge fixing cavity is the top, the charging distance at the top of the cartridge fixing cavity is d3, d1 is more than or equal to 3cm and less than or equal to d2 and less than or equal to d3 and less than or equal to 5 cm.
The digital electronic detonator is an electric detonator which controls the detonation process by adopting an electronic control module, wherein the electronic control module is a special circuit module which is arranged in the digital electronic detonator, has detonator detonation delay time control, is internally provided with a detonator identity information code and a detonation password, can test the self function and performance and the electrical performance of a detonator ignition element, and can communicate with a detonation controller and other external control equipment.
The digital electronic detonator is a commercially available product;
the electronic detonator can be selected from a strong detonator MFB-50, a CZQBQ-50, a 90, a 150, a 200 type and the like.
A smooth blasting method for tunneling, wherein a non-coupling explosive loading device for smooth blasting adopts a structure B, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting explosive cartridges with gap distances of more than or equal to 3 cm;
(2) select fixed arc of batch roll
Medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
Medicine roll fixing arc plate
Medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
The outer diameter of the explosive cartridge is matched with the diameter of the smooth blasting hole, the length of the explosive cartridge is matched with that of the explosive cartridge, and the explosive cartridge is bound and arranged on the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate
Medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
The cavity between the inner walls of the explosive cartridges ensures that the adjacent explosive cartridges have a certain distance, and the coefficient of non-coupling of explosive charging is 1.8-2.3; medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
Medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
The medicated roll fixing frame and the medicated roll fixing arc plate are formed in a matching way
Arc-shaped plate fixed with explosive cartridge
Symmetrical energy-gathering grooves are formed between the side walls, and the detonating cord II is sequentially bound and connected with the explosive cartridge; a plurality of layers of positioning strips are axially and fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the cartridge fixing frame, the spacing between the positioning strips of adjacent layers is equal, and the positioning strips are uniformly arranged along the periphery of the outer wall of the cartridge fixing frame;
(3) The bottom end of the explosive binding device is provided with a digital electronic detonator I, and the top end of the explosive binding device is provided with a digital electronic detonator II;
(4) sending the explosive binding device filled with the explosive cartridge in the step (2) into the blast hole from the top of the smooth surface blast hole, and keeping the explosive cartridge in the explosive binding device on the central axis of the smooth surface blast hole through a positioning strip of a cartridge fixing frame; the leg wire of the digital electronic detonator I extends upwards to the ground along the blast hole and is positioned outside the explosive binding device, and when the bottom end of the explosive binding device is contacted with the bottom of the smooth surface blast hole, the charging is finished;
(5) the leg wire of the digital electronic detonator I and the digital electronic detonator
The foot line is connected with the electronic detonator through a conducting wire, and then the stemming is filled in the digital electronic detonator
In the blast hole above;
(6) electronic detonator for controlling digital electronic detonator I and digital electronic detonator
And (4) detonating to realize accurate short-delay detonation of the digital electronic detonator hole by hole.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the smooth blasting method for tunneling realizes non-coupling charging and adopts digital electronic detonators to perform accurate short-delay detonation hole by hole; by setting the optimal delay time of the electronic detonator, the energy generated by the explosive detonated first enables the adjacent blast holes to be in a prestressed state, and when the explosive detonated later explodes, stress waves generated by the two groups of explosives are superposed, so that good blasting acting force coupling is generated; so as to improve the destructive effect in the cutting direction and be beneficial to forming cracks on the center connecting line of the smooth blast hole;
(2) The smooth blasting method for tunnel tunneling not only ensures the blasting effect of the smooth surface, but also effectively controls the blasting vibration in the smooth blasting process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a tunnel smooth surface hole-by-hole initiation hole distribution diagram (front view);
FIG. 2 is a tunnel smooth surface hole-by-hole initiation hole distribution diagram (side sectional view);
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the uncoupled charge of the smooth burst of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a front view showing the structure of the explosive binding device according to example 2;
in the figure: 1-smooth blasting hole, 2-auxiliary hole, 3-slotted hole, 4-detonating cord I, 5-explosive cartridge I, 6-cartridge fixing arc plate III, 7-digital electronic detonator III, 8-stemming, 9-leg wire, 10-digital electronic detonator II, 11-explosive cartridge II, 12-detonating cord II, 13-cartridge fixing frame and 14-digital electronic detonator I.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-4, a smooth blasting method for tunneling comprises uniformly forming smooth blasting holes (see fig. 1 and 2) in tunnel rock, placing a non-coupling explosive charging device for smooth blasting into the smooth blasting holes, and using digital electronic detonators to realize precise short-delay blasting hole by hole for the smooth blasting of tunneling;
The interval of the smooth surface blast holes is 8-12 times of the aperture of the blast holes, and the delay time of the digital electronic detonator is 9-12 ms;
the uncoupled charge for the smooth blasting was configuration a (see fig. 3): the uncoupled explosive charging device for smooth blasting comprises a cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate III 6, an explosive cartridge I5, an explosive fuse I4 and a digital electronic detonator III 7, wherein the explosive cartridge I5 is fixedly arranged on the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate III 6, the explosive fuse I4 is sequentially connected with the explosive cartridge I5, the digital electronic detonator III 7 is arranged at the end of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate III 6, the digital electronic detonator III 7 is close to the orifice end of a smooth blasting hole, the orifice of the smooth blasting hole is filled with stemming 8, and a leg wire 9 of the digital electronic detonator III 7 penetrates through the stemming 8 and is externally connected with an electronic detonator through a lead;
the explosive cartridge I5 has an explosive non-coupling coefficient of 1.8-2.3; the top end of the cartridge fixing arc plate III 6 is close to the orifice end of the smooth blasting hole, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing arc plate III 6 is the bottom, the charging distance of the bottom of the cartridge fixing arc plate III 6 is d1, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing arc plate III 6 is the middle part, the charging distance of the middle part of the cartridge fixing arc plate III 6 is d2, 1/3-1/5 of the cartridge fixing arc plate III 6 is the top, the charging distance of the top of the cartridge fixing arc plate III 6 is d3, d1 is larger than d2 and d3 is larger than or equal to 3cm and smaller than or equal to 5 cm;
The digital electronic detonator is an electric detonator which controls the detonation process by adopting an electronic control module, wherein the electronic control module is a special circuit module which is arranged in the digital electronic detonator, has detonator detonation delay time control, is internally provided with a detonator identity information code and a detonation password, can test the self function and performance and the electrical performance of a detonator ignition element, and can communicate with a detonation controller and other external control equipment;
the digital electronic detonator is a commercial product;
the electronic detonator can be a strong detonator MFB-50, CZQBQ-50, 90, 150, 200 and the like;
a smooth blasting method for tunneling, wherein a non-coupling explosive loading device for smooth blasting adopts a structure A, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting explosive cartridges with gap distances of more than or equal to 3 cm;
(2) selecting a cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate III with the length of the explosive cartridges matched with that of the smooth-surface blasting holes, binding and fixing the explosive cartridges I on the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate III, ensuring that the adjacent explosive cartridges I have a certain interval and the non-coupling coefficient of explosive charge is 1.8-2.3; the detonating cord I is sequentially bound and connected with the explosive cartridge I; arranging a digital electronic detonator III at the top end of the explosive binding device and inserting the digital electronic detonator III into the explosive cartridge I, wherein the insertion depth of the digital electronic detonator III is not less than 2/3 of the length of the digital electronic detonator III;
(3) Sending the explosive binding device of the explosive cartridge I filled in the step (2) into the smooth blasting hole from the top of the smooth blasting hole;
(4) extending the leg wire of the digital electronic detonator III upwards along the blast hole, connecting the leg wire with an electronic detonator through a conducting wire, and then filling stemming into the blast hole above the digital electronic detonator III;
(5) and an electronic detonator is adopted to control the detonation of the digital electronic detonator III, so that the accurate short-delay detonation of the digital electronic detonator III hole by hole is realized.
Example 2: a smooth blasting method for tunneling comprises the steps of uniformly forming smooth blasting holes (shown in figures 1 and 2) in tunnel rocks, placing a non-coupling explosive loading device for the smooth blasting into the smooth blasting holes, and adopting a digital electronic detonator to realize the smooth hole-by-hole accurate short-time delay blasting for tunneling;
the interval of the smooth surface blast holes is 8-12 times of the aperture of the blast holes, and the delay time of the digital electronic detonator is 9-12 ms;
the uncoupled explosive charging device for smooth blasting is of a structure B: the explosive binding device comprises a digital electronic detonator I14 arranged at the bottom of a smooth surface blasting hole, wherein an explosive binding device is arranged at the top end of the digital electronic detonator I14, a digital electronic detonator II 10 is arranged at the top end of the explosive binding device, the leg wires of the digital electronic detonator I14 and the digital electronic detonator II 10 extend upwards to the ground along the blasting hole, the leg wire of the digital electronic detonator I14 is positioned outside the explosive binding device, the leg wires of the digital electronic detonator I14 and the digital electronic detonator II 10 are externally connected with an electronic detonator through a lead, and stemming is filled in the blasting hole above the digital electronic detonator II 10;
The explosive binding device comprises a cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate
Medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
Medicine roll fixing arc plate
Arc-shaped plate fixed with explosive cartridge
The cartridge fixing frame 13 is formed by matching, and the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate
Arc-shaped plate fixed with explosive cartridge
Symmetrical energy-gathering grooves are formed between the side walls, an explosive cartridge II 11 is fixedly arranged in a cartridge fixing cavity of the cartridge fixing frame, the explosive cartridge II 11 is positioned on a central shaft of the blast hole,the detonating cord II 12 is sequentially bound and connected with the explosive cartridge II 11;
a plurality of layers of positioning strips are axially and fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the explosive cartridge II 11 fixing frame, the spacing between the positioning strips of adjacent layers is equal, and the positioning strips are uniformly arranged along the periphery of the outer wall of the explosive cartridge fixing frame 13;
1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing cavity are the bottoms, the charging distance of the bottom of the cartridge fixing cavity is d1, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing cavity is the middle part, the charging distance of the middle part of the cartridge fixing cavity is d2, 1/3-1/5 of the cartridge fixing cavity is the top, the charging distance of the top of the cartridge fixing cavity is d3, d1 is more than 3cm and less than d2 is less than d3 and less than 5 cm;
the digital electronic detonator is an electric detonator which controls the detonation process by adopting an electronic control module, wherein the electronic control module is a special circuit module which is arranged in the digital electronic detonator, has detonator detonation delay time control, is internally provided with a detonator identity information code and a detonation password, can test the self function and performance and the electrical performance of a detonator ignition element, and can communicate with a detonation controller and other external control equipment;
The digital electronic detonator is a commercial product;
the electronic detonator can be a strong detonator MFB-50, CZQBQ-50, 90, 150, 200 and the like;
the energy-gathering grooves can strengthen the energy in the cutting direction;
digital electronic detonators are arranged in the blasting holes, at the bottom ends of the blasting holes and at the top ends of the explosive binding devices, so that the blasting reliability can be improved;
a smooth blasting method for tunneling, wherein a non-coupling explosive loading device for smooth blasting adopts a structure B, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting explosive cartridges with gap distances of more than or equal to 3 cm; selecting No. 1 rock emulsion explosive roll 5 with diameter of 32mm, length of 30cm, weight of 300g, and density of 0.95-1.30 g/cm3；
(2) Select fixed arc of batch roll
Medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
Medicine roll fixing arc plate
Medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
The outer diameter of the explosive cartridge is matched with the diameter of the smooth blasting hole, the length of the explosive cartridge is matched with that of the explosive cartridge, and the explosive cartridge is bound and arranged on the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate
Medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
The cavity between the inner walls of the explosive cartridges ensures that the adjacent explosive cartridges have a certain distance, and the coefficient of non-coupling of explosive charging is 1.8-2.3; medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
Medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
The medicated roll fixing frame and the medicated roll fixing arc plate are formed in a matching way 
Arc-shaped plate fixed with explosive cartridge
Symmetrical energy-gathering grooves are formed between the side walls, and the detonating cord II is sequentially bound and connected with the explosive cartridge; a plurality of layers of positioning strips are axially and fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the cartridge fixing frame, the spacing between the positioning strips of adjacent layers is equal, and the positioning strips are uniformly arranged along the periphery of the outer wall of the cartridge fixing frame;
(3) the bottom end of the explosive binding device is provided with a digital electronic detonator I, and the top end of the explosive binding device is provided with a digital electronic detonator II;
(4) sending the explosive binding device filled with the explosive cartridge in the step (2) into the blast hole from the top of the smooth surface blast hole, and keeping the explosive cartridge in the explosive binding device on the central axis of the smooth surface blast hole through a positioning strip of a cartridge fixing frame; the leg wire of the digital electronic detonator I extends upwards to the ground along the blast hole and is positioned outside the explosive binding device, and when the bottom end of the explosive binding device is contacted with the bottom of the smooth surface blast hole, the charging is finished;
(5) the leg wire of the digital electronic detonator I and the digital electronic detonator
The foot line is connected with the electronic detonator through a conducting wire, and then the stemming is filled in the digital electronic detonator
In the blast hole above;
(6) electronic detonator for controlling digital electronic detonator I and digital electronic detonator 
And (4) detonating to realize accurate short-delay detonation of the digital electronic detonator hole by hole.
Example 3: a smooth blasting method for tunneling adopts a non-coupling explosive charging device of smooth blasting, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting emulsified explosive roll with diameter of 32mm, length of 30cm, weight of 300g, and density of 0.95-1.30g/cm3Explosive cartridge with gap distance of 3 cm:
(2) select fixed arc of batch roll
Medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
Medicine roll fixing arc plate
Medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
Has an outer diameter of 34mm, a wall thickness of 2mm and a cutting length of 1 m; medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
Medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
The outer diameter of the explosive cartridge is matched with the diameter of the smooth blasting hole, the length of the explosive cartridge is matched with that of the explosive cartridge, and the explosive cartridge is bound and arranged on the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate
Medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
The inner walls of the explosive cartridges are arranged in a cavity, and a certain distance is ensured between adjacent explosive cartridges, namely 2/5 of the cartridge fixing cavity is the bottom, the explosive charging distance at the bottom of the cartridge fixing cavity is d1, 2/5 of the cartridge fixing cavity is the middle, the explosive charging distance at the middle of the cartridge fixing cavity is d2, 1/5 of the cartridge fixing cavity is the top, the explosive charging distance at the top of the cartridge fixing cavity is d3, d1 is 3cm, d2 is 4cm, and d3 is 5 cm; the number of explosive cartridges is 3, and the number of the cartridges can be properly adjusted along with the depth of a blast hole so that the decoupling coefficient of explosive charging is 1.8-2.3; medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate 
Medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
The medicated roll fixing frame and the medicated roll fixing arc plate are formed in a matching way
Arc-shaped plate fixed with explosive cartridge
Symmetrical energy-gathering grooves are formed between the side walls, and the detonating cord II is sequentially bound and connected with the explosive cartridge; a plurality of layers of positioning strips are axially and fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the cartridge fixing frame, the spacing between the positioning strips of adjacent layers is equal, and the positioning strips are uniformly arranged along the periphery of the outer wall of the cartridge fixing frame;
(3) the bottom end of the explosive binding device is provided with a digital electronic detonator I, and the top end of the explosive binding device is provided with a digital electronic detonator II;
(4) sending the explosive binding device filled with the explosive cartridge in the step (2) into the blast hole from the top of the smooth surface blast hole, and keeping the explosive cartridge in the explosive binding device on the central axis of the smooth surface blast hole through a positioning strip of a cartridge fixing frame; the leg wire of the digital electronic detonator I extends upwards to the ground along the blast hole and is positioned outside the explosive binding device, and when the bottom end of the explosive binding device is contacted with the bottom of the smooth surface blast hole, the charging is finished;
(5) the leg wire of the digital electronic detonator I and the digital electronic detonator
The foot line is connected with the electronic detonator through a conducting wire, and then the stemming is filled in the digital electronic detonator 
In the blast hole above;
(6) electronic detonator for controlling digital electronic detonator I and digital electronic detonator
Detonating to realize accurate short-delay detonation of the digital electronic detonator hole by hole; the optimal delay time of the digital electronic detonator is 9-12 ms;
the uncoupled charging and hole-by-hole initiation method for smooth blasting in the embodiment utilizes the common emulsion explosive to carry out smooth blasting, achieves the effect of smooth blasting, and has remarkable economic and social benefits.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A smooth blasting method for tunneling is characterized in that: uniformly arranging smooth blasting holes on tunnel rock, placing a non-coupling explosive charging device for smooth blasting into the smooth blasting holes, and adopting a digital electronic detonator to realize smooth hole-by-hole accurate short-delay blasting for tunnel tunneling;
the interval of the smooth surface blast holes is 8-12 times of the aperture of the blast holes, and the delay time of the digital electronic detonator is 9-12 ms; the uncoupled explosive charging device for smooth blasting comprises a cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate III (6), an explosive cartridge I (5), a detonating cord I (4) and a digital electronic detonator III (7), wherein the explosive cartridge I (5) is fixedly arranged on the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate III (6), the detonating cord I (4) is sequentially connected with the explosive cartridge I (5), the digital electronic detonator III (7) is arranged at the end of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate III (6), the digital electronic detonator III (7) is close to the orifice end of a smooth blasting hole, stemming (8) is filled in the orifice of the smooth blasting, and a leg wire (9) of the digital electronic detonator III (7) penetrates through the stemming (8) and is externally connected with an electronic detonator through a wire; the explosive cartridge I (5) has an explosive non-coupling coefficient of 1.8-2.3; the top end of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate III (6) is close to the orifice end of the smooth blasting hole, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate III (6) is the bottom, the charging distance of the bottom of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate III (6) is d1, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate III (6) is the middle part, the charging distance of the middle part of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate III (6) is d2, 1/3-1/5 of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate III (6) is the top, the charging distance of the top of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate III (6) is d3, d1 is more than 3cm and d2 is more than d3 and is less than 5 cm;
The uncoupled explosive charging device for smooth blasting comprises a digital electronic detonator I (14) arranged at the bottom of a smooth blasting hole, an explosive binding device is arranged at the top end of the digital electronic detonator I (14), a digital electronic detonator II (10) is arranged at the top end of the explosive binding device, and the explosive binding device comprises a cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate
Medicine roll fixing arc-shaped plate
Medicine roll fixing arc plate
Arc-shaped plate fixed with explosive cartridge
The medicated roll fixing frame (13) is formed by matching, and the medicated roll fixing arc-shaped plate
Arc-shaped plate fixed with explosive cartridge
Forming symmetrical energy-gathering grooves between the side walls.
2. A method of smooth blasting in tunneling according to claim 1, wherein: the leg wires of the digital electronic detonator I (14) and the digital electronic detonator II (10) extend upwards to the ground along the blasting hole, the leg wires of the digital electronic detonator I (14) are positioned at the outer side of the explosive binding device, the leg wires of the digital electronic detonator I (14) and the digital electronic detonator II (10) are externally connected with an electronic detonator through a conducting wire, and stemming is filled in the blasting hole above the digital electronic detonator II (10);
the explosive cartridge II (11) is fixedly arranged in the cartridge fixing cavity of the cartridge fixing frame, the explosive cartridge II (11) is positioned on the central shaft of the blast hole, and the detonating cord II (12) is sequentially bound and connected with the explosive cartridge II (11).
3. A method of smooth blasting in tunneling according to claim 2, wherein: a plurality of layers of positioning strips are axially and fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the explosive cartridge II (11) fixing frame, the distance between the positioning strips on the adjacent layers is equal, and the positioning strips are uniformly arranged along the periphery of the outer wall of the explosive cartridge fixing frame (13).
4. A method of smooth blasting in tunneling according to claim 3, wherein: 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing cavity are the bottoms, the charging distance of the bottom of the cartridge fixing cavity is d1, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing cavity is the middle part, the charging distance of the middle part of the cartridge fixing cavity is d2, 1/3-1/5 of the cartridge fixing cavity is the top, the charging distance of the top of the cartridge fixing cavity is d3, d1 is larger than or equal to 3cm and smaller than d2, d3 is smaller than or equal to 5 cm.
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| CN115235307B (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2023-03-31 | 北部湾大学 | Hole-by-hole initiation smooth blasting method for slope interface |
| CN115355783B (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2023-06-20 | 中钢集团武汉安全环保研究院有限公司 | Tunnel tunneling delay detonating circuit with digital electronic detonator and detonating cord fused |
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| CN205425997U (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-08-03 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel blast construction week lateral opening charging means |
| CN207197379U (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2018-04-06 | 长安大学 | A kind of tunnel surrounding blasting system |
| CN107764144B (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2019-08-30 | 北京住总集团有限责任公司 | A kind of tunnel Millisecond Controlled Blasting method |
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