CN1168703A - 用于充气结构的挠性材料 - Google Patents
用于充气结构的挠性材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于如比空气轻的气囊之类的压力容器壁的材料。包括相互成0°及90°的单向长丝材料构成的第1挠性层(64),自身互成0°和90°的又跟第1挠性层(64)成45°角的单向长丝材料构成的第2挠性层(70)。第2挠性层(70)的材料损坏时形变值大于第1挠性层(64)的形变值。第1及第2挠性层(64,70)用树脂粘结起来。最好,把防气体渗透的挠性材料层(79)与抗紫外线照射材料层(80)粘到两个挠性层(64,70)上。
Description
本发明属于挠性材料领域,特别是属于挠性复合材料领域。这种材料直接应用于诸如轻于空气的飞行器的气囊之类的充气结构。
用于制造大型非刚性的比空气轻的飞行器的气囊的材料必须满足大量设计要求,例如:高强度,具有抗扯性,隔绝气体,不易受包括暴露在阳光下而受紫外线照射等环境因素的影响而降解。因此,这样一种材料最终还是采取把各种性能的材料结合起来,形成一种多层的层制品的形式。气囊壁任何部分的主轴线负荷作用方向都与气囊纵轴线成0°角和90°角(圆周方向)。所以,大多数层制品中都包含用0°和90°角方向长丝材料织成的长丝织物。此外,为了承受剪切负荷,长丝织物中有时也包含那些与承受轴线负荷的长丝材料成±45°角的长丝材料。
在初期的设计中,应力水平不高,往往使用能密封气体的多层浸渍着橡胶的机织棉布。后来,则使用杜邦公司制造的嫘萦(RAYONTM)或大可纶(DACRONAM)之类的人造纤维。棉布层在0°和90°(轴向或强力层股)承受拉伸负荷,在±45°(斜向层股)承受剪切负荷。然而这种办法并不总能达到最佳强度设计,因为承受剪切负荷所需的强度典型地比斜向层股的承受能力小得多。使用同一材料既承受轴向拉伸负荷又承受斜向(剪切)负荷,往往导致重力损失。
有些现代设计把诸如大可纶(DACRONTM)之类的机织聚酯织物用于承受0°和90°的轴向负荷的材料。聚酯对苯二酸酯之类的防氦渗透材料薄膜既作阻隔气体之用,也承受一些剪切负荷。有一种典型的聚酯对苯二酸酯,杜邦公司以米拉(MYLATTM)的商标出售。大可纶之类的机织聚酯织物的损坏时形变值很大,约为20%。然而大型非刚性飞行器的强度要求很高,必须使用液晶向热(熔纺)聚酯聚芳酯纤维,例如德国Hoechat Celanece公司制造的VECTRANTM,以承受轴向负荷。另外,还有一种高强度材料,就是感胶离子(溶纺)芳族聚酰胺纤维,譬如杜邦公司生产的凯夫拉尔KEVLARTM)。然而,VECTRANTM和凯夫拉尔的损坏时形变值都很小,约为4%量级。如果斜向层用同一种材料制造,0°和90°的双轴向负荷就会大量传输到45°的斜向层。要求这种斜向层跟0°和90°层股的工作强度一样,这就引出了一种可能的损坏形式,或者叫做系统强度降低。事实上,斜向层的伸长度比0°和90°(强力纤维)的高可以防止斜向层股在强力纤维极限负荷情况下过早损坏。
有些过去的文献,背离这一原理,例如授与S.Roth等人的德国专利DE 3702936号《纤维复合材料-具有不同方向的高强度、高模量纤维》教导了在0°和90°方向有高强度、大伸长度的纤维,而在45°又有用于刚性复合结构的高弹性模量纤维的织物的使用。因此,±45°方向的纤维的损坏时形变值小于0°和90°的纤维。
在授与A.Hayashi的美国专利US4,770,918号《发声振动膜》中,谈到一种具有至少一层有低伸长率的第1机织物和至少两层有高伸长率的第2机织物的挠性发声振动膜。第1和第2织物的配置是它们的经纱以10°-80°相交,从而使第1织物的经纱方向的膜伸长率大致和与第1织物经线成45°的膜的伸长率相等。这样做考虑到了振动膜易于调音。此发明当然会产生一种无效加压结构。
其它普遍引起兴趣的把各种性能材料结合成一种挠性结构的专利还有:授与G.A.哈佩尔等人的US5,189,280号,《提高了防渗透性能的三维纤维结构》;E·波特尼等人的US4,871,589号《具有挠性壁的容器》;授与M·Matsumoto等人的US5,215,795号《减震气囊》。
因此,本发明的主要目的是提供一种适用于压力容器挠性壁的层制件。
本发明的另一主要目的是提供一种承受剪切负荷的斜向层股损坏时形变值大于承受拉伸负荷的轴向层股的,适用于压力容器挠性壁的层制件。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种不与紫外线照射而降解的,适用于压力容器挠性壁的层制件。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种适于盛放氦的压力容器挠性壁的成层材料。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种易于缝合在一起的,适用于压力容器挠性壁的成层材料。
按照本发明,提供了一种适于用作比空气轻的飞行器气囊之类的压力容器壁的材料。具体地说,本发明的材料包含互为0°和90°的单向长丝材料构成的第1挠性层。第1层的长丝材料可以是互不相联的0°和90°的单方向线层股材料,也可以是机织布料。本发明包含的第2挠性层自身互成0°和90°的并与第1层的长丝材料成45°的单方向长丝材料。第2层的长丝材料也既可以是0°和90°的互不相联的单向层股也可以是机织布料。此外,两层的长丝材料都可是单股或单线。两层或其中的一层还可以分成若干薄层,并以任何一种形式合在一起。
本发明的关键在于第2层的长丝材料的损坏时形变值必须大于第1层的0°和90°长丝材料的损坏时形变值。第1层和第2层用树脂粘合在一起。第1层和第2层之间也可用或不用树脂以针织法或缝合法联在一起,以增加强度。最好在两个外层上再粘合防气体渗透薄膜和抗紫外线照射材料。
是本发明特征的新特点的有关本发明材料的组织结构、作业方法以及其它目的和优点等通过下面结合附图的说明,就会了解得更清楚,附图是以举例的方法显示的本发明目前的优选实施例。然而,必须清楚地了解到,附图的目的仅仅是为了显示和说明本发明,而不是为了对本发明的范围作出界定。
图1是比空气轻的飞行器的透视图。
图2是用挠性织物的层制件制成的气囊壁一部分的透视图,示出了长丝材料排列的主轴线。
图3是织物层制件一部分的部分透视图。其中第1层和第2层是编织织物。
图4是织物层制件的第二实施例的分部侧视图,其中组成第1和第2层的长丝材料是缝合在一起的单向层股。
图5是织物层制件的第三实施例的俯视图,其中组成第1和第2层的长丝材料是用针织法联在一起的单向层股。
图6是图5中显示的织物层制件第三实施例的侧视图。
图7是标示作为0°和90°织物与±45°织物损坏时形变比率之函数的0°和90°纤维强度的表。
图1所示为一比空气轻的飞行器的透视图,该器总体以标号10标示。飞行器10包含一气囊12,该气囊有纵轴线13A,横轴线13B和竖轴线13C。气囊下挂吊舱14,吊舱上又安装多个推进系统16。随飞行器体积增大,气囊12所承受的应力也增大。此外,气囊12还必须做到:能抗氦的渗透;不受(包括紫外线照射在内的)环境因素的影响;能缝合和耐损坏。要满足所有这些要求,就要有一种用多层各具特殊机械性能的不同材料制成为多层挠性布。
图2显示的是挠性壁20的一部分,该壁具有内表面22和外表面24,是用多层长丝材料制成的,制作方法在下面讨论。输入的主轴线负荷沿着两方向:其一与纵轴线13A成一直线即成0°角,以标号26表示;其二与纵轴线成90°,以标号28表示。因此承受主负荷的长丝材料与这些轴线成一直线。剪切负荷则由与上述轴线成±45°方向的长丝材料承受,这些方向分别以标号30和32表示。这种45°角可以根据具体运用中的错综复杂的要求予以调整。
参看图3,挠性壁20的组成(从内表面22开始)是,第1树脂层40粘合于各股长丝为0°和90°的第1编织纱层42。树脂层40和以后的各树脂层最好是聚氨酯。第1层42用液晶向热性的(熔纺)聚酯多芳基纤维(VECTRANTM)之类的高强度线制造。感胶离子(溶液纺丝)的芳族聚酰胺纤维(KEVLARTM)也适于作此之用。第2树脂层将第1层42跟各股长丝成±45°的第2层机织长丝织物46隔开。第3树脂层把第2层46跟聚酯对苯二酸酯(MYLARTM)之类能充分地抗氦渗透的材料薄膜隔开。最后是第4层树脂,它用于粘合抗紫外线照射引起的降解和抗风化等的材料制成的外层。这一材料是一种降氟乙烯纤维,由杜邦公司以TEDLARTM的商标出售。如图3所示,本材料是“分层”显示的。选择MYLARTM或TEDLARTM是为了增加层制品中的树脂内含物,以便渗入纤维内,形成防气体渗漏层。
选择气囊壁20的材料的重要因素,除了化学性质上的可容性外,还有长丝材料第2层的损坏时形变(英寸/英寸)要大于第1层的损坏时形变。这样就可保证0°和90°轴向负荷引起层42的形变在传输到层46时不产生破损。另外,要求第2层46具有高形变率,可以减少局部应力集中的概率。
图4中显示了要探讨的材料的第2实施例,其总体以标号60表示。比种材料的组成(从下至上)是:第1树脂层61,包括0°的单一方向长丝材料层64及90°的单一方向长丝材料层66的第1层62;包括+45°的单一方向长丝材料层72和-45°的单一方向长丝材料层74的第2层70。这4个长丝材料层62,64,72,74缝合在一起,针脚以标号78表示。用诸如MYLARTM之类的材料制成的阻隔氦气层79用树脂层76粘合,用诸如TEDLARTM制成的抗紫外线照射层即最后一层80以树脂层82粘合。如同图3显示的第1实施例一样,各层粘合在一起时,第1和第2层62和70都分别封装于具有挠性的树脂填料中。应该注意,图3中显示的编织的第1和第2层材料42和46也可缝合。
图5和图6中显示的是第3实施例,总体以标号90表示,其中,图5所示的第1层62和第2层70可编结在一起,如标号92表示。材料90的其余方面和图4类似。也应注意,图3中,编织法织出的第1层42和第2层46也可以编结在一起,以提高强度。
正如前面提到的,第2层长丝材料损坏时形变值大于0°和90°的长丝材料即第1层的损坏时形变值对本发明是极为重要的。图表7表明了这一特性的重要性。单轴向及双轴向负荷条件下的材料强度以双轴向材料的一系列不同的形变值显示。双轴向材料损坏时形变值被0°和90°材料损坏时形变值除,得到形变比。如果形变比小于1,±45°的斜向层首先损坏;如果形变比大于1,则意味着0°和90°这一层首先损坏。形变比低的严重代价是很明显的。
虽然已参照实施例对本发明作了说明,但必须了解,这些实施例只不过是用来作说明而已,因为本专业技术人员还可以作出许多改型和变化。因此,必须认为只有附在后面的权利要求书的精神和范围才是对本发明的界定。
本发明可应用于复合材料制造业和航空工业。
权利要求书
按照条约第19条的修改
1.一种压力容器壁用的材料,包括:
互为0°和90°的单向长丝材料构成的至少一个第1挠性层;
自身互为0°和90°角的而又跟上述至少1个0°和90°的单向长丝材料构成的第1层成45°角的单向长丝材料构成的但损坏时形变值大于所述的第1挠性层的至少一个第2挠性层;
上述的至少一个第1和第2层连在一起。
3.按照权利要求1所述的材料,其特征在于所述之至少一个第1和第2层是粘合在一起的。
4.按照权利要求1所述的材料,其特征在于所述之至少一个第1层的0°和90°长丝材料是编织在一起的。
5.按照权利要求4所述的材料,其特征在于所述之于少1个第2层的0°和90°长丝材料是编织在一起的。
6.按照权利要求5所述的材料,其特征在于所述的至少一个第1和第2层的单向长丝材料是线状的。
7.按照权利要求6所述的材料,其特征在于所述的至少1个第1层由自由液晶向热性(熔纺)聚酯多芳基纤维和感胶离子(溶液纺丝)芳族聚酰胺纤维组成的一组材料中选出。
8.按照权利要求4所述的材料,其特征在于所述的第2层的所述的长丝材料是聚酯纤维。
9.按照权利要求1或3-8中任一项所述的材料,其特征在于所述的至少一个第1层和第2层是编织在一起的。
10.按照权利要求1或3-8中任一项所述的材料,其特征在于所述的至少一个第1层和和第2层是缝在一起的。
11.按照权利要求1或3-8中任一项所述的材料,其特征在于还包括一层粘合到所述的至少一个第1和第2层的能防气体渗透的挠性材料层。
12.按照权利要求11所述的材料,其特征在于所述的能防气体渗透层是聚酯对苯二酸酯。
13.按照权利要求10所述的材料,其特征在于还包括一层粘合到所述的至少一个第1和第2层的抗紫外线照射材料层。
14.按照权利要求13所述的材料,其特征在于所述的抗紫外线照射层是聚氟乙烯。
15.一种压力容器壁用的材料,包括:
以90°角编织成的长丝材料线构成的第1挠性布;
由与所述的第1挠性布所说的0°和90°长丝材料成±45°的长丝材料线构成而损坏时形变值又大于第1挠性布的第2挠性布;
所述的第1和第2挠性布用树脂填料粘合在一起。
16.按照权利要求15所述的材料,其特征在于在所述的第1挠性与第2挠性布粘合的相对侧有能防气体渗透的薄膜。
17.按照权利要求16所述的材料,其特征在于还有抗紫外线照射材料制成的第4挠性布粘合于上述薄膜上。
18.按照权利要求15-17中任一项所述的材料,其特征在于所述的第1和第2挠性布是编织在一起的。
19.按照权利要求15-17中任一项所述的材料,其特征在于所述的第1和第2挠性布是缝在一起的。
Claims (19)
1.一种压力容器用的材料,包括:
互为0°和90°的单向长丝材料构成的至少一个第1挠性层;
自身互为0°和90°角的而又跟上述至少1个0°和90°的单向长丝材料构成的第1层成45°角的单向长丝材料构成的但损坏时形变值大于所述的第1挠性层的至少一个第2挠性层;
上述的至少一个第1和第2层连在一起。
2.按照权利要求1所述的材料,其特征在于所述之至少一个第1和第2层是连在一起的。
3.按照权利要求2所述的材料,其特征在于所述之至少一个第1和第2层是粘合在一起的。
4.按照权利要求2所述的材料,其特征在于所述之至少一个第1层的0°和90°长丝材料是编织在一起的。
5.按照权利要求4所述的材料,其特征在于所述之于少1个第2层的0°和90°长丝材料是编织在一起的。
6.按照权利要求5所述的材料,其特征在于所述的至少一个第1和第2层的单向长丝材料是线状的。
7.按照权利要求所述的材料,其特征在于所述的至少1个第1层由自由液晶向热性(熔纺)聚酯多芳基纤维和感胶离子(溶液纺丝)芳族聚酰胺纤维组成的一组材料中选出。
8.按照权利要求4所述的材料,其特征在于所述的第2层的所述的长丝材料是聚酯纤维。
9.按照权利要求1-8中任一项所述的材料,其特征在于所述的至少一个第1层和第2层是编织在一起的。
10.按照权利要求1-8中任一项所述的材料,其特征在于所述的至少一个第1层和和第2层是缝在一起的。
11.按照权利要求1-8中任一项所述的材料,其特征在于还包括一层粘合到所述的至少一个第1和第2层的能防气体渗透的挠性材料层。
12.按照权利要求11所述的材料,其特征在于所述的能防气体渗透层是聚酯对苯二酸酯。
13.按照权利要求10所述的材料,其特征在于还包括一层粘合到所述的至少一个第1和第2层的抗紫外线照射材料层。
14.按照权利要求13所述的材料,其特征在于所述的抗紫外线照射层是聚氟乙烯。
15.一种压力容器用的材料,包括:
以90°角编织成的长丝材料线构成的第1挠性布;
由与所述的第1挠性布所说的0°和90°长丝材料成±45°的长丝材料线构成而损坏时形变值又大于第1挠性布的第2挠性布;
所述的第1和第2挠性布用树脂填料粘合在一起。
16.按照权利要求15所述的材料,其特征在于在所述的第1挠性布的相对侧有能防气体渗透的薄膜。
17.按照权利要求16所述的材料,其特征在于还有抗紫外线照射材料制成的第4挠性布粘合于上述薄膜上。
18.按照权利要求15-17中任一项所述的材料,其特征在于所述的第1和第2挠性布是编织在一起的。
19.按照权利要求15-17中任一项所述的材料,其特征在于所述的第1和第2挠性布是缝在一起的。
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CN106492372A (zh) * | 2015-09-03 | 2017-03-15 | 株式会社卡施瓦 | 发泡器 |
CN109228596A (zh) * | 2018-07-05 | 2019-01-18 | 滁州学院 | 一种储气囊体 |
WO2020052684A1 (zh) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-19 | 上海延锋金桥汽车饰件系统有限公司 | 一种安全气囊门铰链、包含其的用于汽车内部的饰件及饰件的制造方法 |
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JP4106473B2 (ja) | 2000-12-13 | 2008-06-25 | 村田機械株式会社 | ブレイダによるエンベロープの製造方法 |
WO2003072350A1 (fr) * | 2002-02-26 | 2003-09-04 | Teijin Limited | Materiau pelliculaire |
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AU2430995A (en) | 1996-04-26 |
TW275053B (zh) | 1996-05-01 |
RU2126468C1 (ru) | 1999-02-20 |
NZ285263A (en) | 1998-09-24 |
BR9508863A (pt) | 1997-11-11 |
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JPH10510766A (ja) | 1998-10-20 |
CA2195548A1 (en) | 1996-04-11 |
MY115362A (en) | 2003-05-31 |
KR970705663A (ko) | 1997-10-09 |
EP0784717A4 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
KR100256720B1 (ko) | 2000-05-15 |
IL113520A0 (en) | 1995-07-31 |
DE69528467T2 (de) | 2003-02-06 |
WO1996010666A1 (en) | 1996-04-11 |
DE69528467D1 (de) | 2002-11-07 |
CA2195548C (en) | 2000-12-12 |
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