CN116855477A - 一种低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶及其编码基因和应用 - Google Patents
一种低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶及其编码基因和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116855477A CN116855477A CN202310741474.0A CN202310741474A CN116855477A CN 116855477 A CN116855477 A CN 116855477A CN 202310741474 A CN202310741474 A CN 202310741474A CN 116855477 A CN116855477 A CN 116855477A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低温α‑L‑鼠李糖苷酶及其编码基因和应用。本发明从保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2012132的交替单胞菌Alteromonas colwelliana A321全基因组中克隆得到低温α‑L‑鼠李糖苷酶基因,其核苷酸序列为SEQ ID No:2所示,全长为2880bp,编码959个氨基酸,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。本发明所述低温α‑L‑鼠李糖苷酶5L发酵罐产酶活力达到11000U/mL,其在4‑10℃的低温范围内均具有较高的催化活性,可以在低温下催化降解芦丁及柚皮苷达到果汁脱苦的目的,在果汁加工行业具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及一种低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶及其编码基因和应用。
背景技术
α-L-鼠李糖苷酶(EC 3.2.1.40)在自然界中广泛存在,已从动物组织、植物、酵母、真菌和细菌中被报道,根据其降解特性可以分为糖苷水解酶13家族、糖苷水解酶28家族、糖苷水解酶78家族以及糖苷水解酶106家族。α-L-鼠李糖苷酶作为一种糖苷水解酶,可以特异性地从大量天然产物中切割末端非还原端的L-鼠李糖,其中包括柚皮苷、芦丁、槲皮苷、橙皮苷、萜苷化合物等许多含有末端L-鼠李糖的天然苷类。该酶在柑桔果汁脱苦、天然糖苷水解生产α-L-鼠李糖、萜类糖苷酶解增香、橙汁橙皮苷结晶消除、人参皂苷等多种含甾体的α-L-鼠李糖的脱鼠李糖基化等过程中具有重要的生物技术价值。
在果汁脱苦应用中,如FC浓缩还原果汁、NFC非浓缩还原果汁以及HPP冷压榨鲜果汁,其要求果汁全程需在4-10℃低温加工以及保存以防止蛋白变性和营养物质的流失,限制了高温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶在果汁脱苦中的实际应用。目前研究发现的α-L-鼠李糖苷酶多属于高温糖苷水解酶,大多数真菌来源的α-L-鼠李糖苷酶最适温度为50-60℃,细菌来源的不同α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的最适温度一般为35-60℃。大多数α-L-鼠李糖苷酶在10℃低温条件下酶活较低,CN111676206B公开了一种从大象排泄物中获取的α-L-鼠李糖苷酶基因,通过结构域截短来改造α-L-鼠李糖苷酶性质,该酶分子量约为120kDa,但其在低温下酶活力较低,在10℃下仅能维持20%的酶活力。Jingcong Xie等人公开了一种α-L-鼠李糖苷酶,在10℃时酶活性表现为11U/mL。
由此可见,大多为针对α-L-鼠李糖苷酶在较高温度下酶活的测定以及热稳定性的研究,较少有研究从其实际应用角度出发针对其低温性能进行探索,因此对α-L-鼠李糖苷酶在较低温度下的活性提出了较高的要求。虽然目前对α-L-鼠李糖苷酶酶学性质的研究日益成熟,但由于目前α-L-鼠李糖苷酶在低温条件下的酶活总体偏低,难以在需要较低反应温度的工业生产工艺中实现大规模的应用,因此需开发新型低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶以满足果汁加工脱苦方面的应用。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺点和不足,本发明提供了一种低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶及其编码基因和应用。本发明所述的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶是一种全新的酶,其在低温下仍能保持优良活性,具有良好的低温稳定性,在果汁加工行业具有良好的应用前景。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明提供了一种低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
本发明还提供了一种所述的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的编码基因,其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
本发明还提供了一种含有所述的编码基因的重组载体。
进一步的,所述重组载体质粒为枯草芽孢杆菌质粒pP43NMK。
本发明还提供了一种含有所述的编码基因的重组细胞。
进一步的,所述重组细胞为枯草芽孢杆菌WB800。
本发明还提供了所述的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的制备方法,其包含以下步骤:
(1)提取保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2012132的Alteromonas colwelliana A321菌株基因组,根据基因组序列与功能基因的进行比对分析,设计引物,以提取的基因组DNA为模板,扩增获得低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶基因;
(2)将所述步骤(1)的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶基因和质粒分别进行双酶切后连接,将连接产物转化至感受态细胞,获得含有所述低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶基因的重组载体;
(3)将所述步骤(2)的重组载体转化至宿主细胞,获得低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶重组细胞;
(4)将所述步骤(3)的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶重组细胞进行发酵培养,诱导表达,收集表达产物纯化,获得低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)中的引物为:
F:atcggatccgaattcgagctcatgttggttataaacaaagcattattaaca;
R:gtggtggtggtggtgctcgagtaaattaataacaccttcaaaagtatattgc。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)中扩增的反应条件为95℃,3min;95℃,15s;55℃,15s;72℃,3min,35次循环;72℃,3min;反应停止,4℃保温。
本发明还提供了所述的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶在催化降解天然苷类中的应用。
进一步的,所述天然甘类包括柚皮苷、芦丁、槲皮苷、橙皮苷。
本发明还提供了所述的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶在制备果汁脱苦添加剂中的应用。
与现有技术对比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明通过设计引物进行PCR扩增,获得交替单胞菌Alteromonas colwellianaA321(保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2012132)中的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶基因;该交替单胞菌发源地的浅海区温度常年低于24℃,为低温酶的挖掘奠定基础。所述低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶基因编码区长2880bp,编码具有959个氨基酸的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶,属于糖苷水解酶78家族,其氨基酸序列与现有的α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的氨基酸序列相似度最高为75.58%,属于一种全新的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶。
2、本发明可以实现所述低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶重组载体的构建及枯草芽孢杆菌过表达,能够实现低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的规模化生产,低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶经5L发酵罐发酵后活力达到11000U/mL,相比摇瓶酶活力(150U/mL)显著提高,且该酶纯度高,理化性质优良,所得α-L-鼠李糖苷酶在低温条件下仍然可以有较高的酶活。低温酶解反应结果显示此酶在10℃下的酶活为发酵罐发酵最高酶活的80%,约为8800U/mL,同时也避免了酶长时间在高温环境下工作而导致的活力丧失,具有较高的研究应用价值。
3、本发明所提供的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶可高效降解芦丁及柚皮苷等黄酮类化合物,可广泛应用于果汁脱苦及鼠李糖、异槲皮素等的生产,促进其在果汁加工及生物医药等领域的应用。
附图说明
图1:目的基因琼脂糖凝胶电泳图;其中,M为Marker,1为低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶基因;
图2:重组质粒图谱;
图3:SDS-PAGE蛋白电泳图谱;其中,M为蛋白分子量Marker,1为纯化后的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶蛋白;
图4:温度-酶活曲线;
图5:低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶温度稳定性;
图6:pH-相对酶活曲线;
图7:低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶降解芦丁转化结果;
图8:低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶降解柚皮苷转化结果。
具体实施方式
结合以下具体实例对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细的说明。
下述实施例中,如无特殊说明,所使用的实验方法均为常规方法,所用材料、试剂等均可从生物或化学试剂公司购买。
(一)培养基
LB培养基:蛋白胨10g/L,酵母粉5g/L,氯化钠10g/L。加入20g/L琼脂粉,以配制LB固体培养基。
发酵培养基:葡萄糖5g/L,蛋白胨12g/L,酵母粉24g/L,磷酸二氢钾2.31g/L,磷酸氢二钾12.54g/L。
SP-A盐溶液:(NH4)2SO4 4g/L,K2HPO4·3H2O 28g/L,KH2PO4 12g/L,柠檬酸钠2g/L。
SP-B盐溶液:MgSO4·7H2O 0.4g/L。
100×CAYE溶液(100mL):酪蛋白水解物20g/L,酵母粉100g/L。
SPI培养基(10mL):4.9mL SP-A盐溶液,4.9mL SP-B盐溶液,100μL葡萄糖(50%w/v),100μl 100×CAYE。
SPII培养基(10mL):9.8mL SPI培养基,100μL 50mM CaCl2,100μL 250mM MgCl2。
100×EGTA溶液:10mM EGTA溶液,溶解时需加少量NaOH至pH 8.0。
(二)鼠李糖苷酶活力测定方法:反应体系为1mL 50mmol/L磷酸二氢钠-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液(pH 7.0),再加入200μL1 mmol/L对硝基苯α-L-鼠李糖苷(pNPR),随后加入200μL酶上清液在30℃水浴锅中反应10min,最后再加入1mol/L的碳酸钠溶液1mL终止反应,在405nm下测定吸光值。
酶活力单位(U)定义为:在测定条件下,每分钟产生lμmol对硝基苯酚所用的酶量为1个酶活力单位。
Alteromonas colwelliana A321的保藏单位:中国典型培养物保藏中心(CCTCC);地址:中国.武汉.武汉大学;保藏日期:2012年04月23日;Alteromonas colwelliana A321的保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2012132。
实施例1低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶基因的克隆与分析
取培养到对数生长期的Alteromonas colwelliana A321的菌液进行DNA提取。以提取的Alteromonas colwelliana A321总DNA为模板,根据其测序所得具体核苷酸序列来设计前后引物,引物分别为:
F:atcggatccgaattcgagctcatgttggttataaacaaagcattattaaca(SEQ ID NO:3);
R:gtggtggtggtggtgctcgagtaaattaataacaccttcaaaagtatattgc(SEQ ID NO:4)。
随后进行PCR扩增。PCR反应体系(50uL)为:模板DNA1uL,前后引物各2uL,dNTP1uL,2×Phanta Max Buffer 25uL,DNA聚合酶1uL,无菌水加至50uL。PCR反应条件为95℃,3min;35次循环(95℃,15s;55℃,15s;72℃,3min);72℃,3min;反应停止,4℃保温。
所得PCR产物进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证单一条带后进行测序(电泳图谱见图1),根据测序所得结果,该基因全长为2880bp,序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示,其编码一个由959个氨基酸组成的蛋白质,氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。根据BLAST数据库比对结果,该基因所编码的蛋白归属于糖苷水解酶78家族,且其氨基酸序列与其他已被报道的α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的氨基酸序列相似度最高为75.58%,说明该蛋白为一个新蛋白,为全新的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶。
实施例2低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶重组载体的构建
使用Cycle-Pure Kit试剂盒对PCR扩增产物进行纯化,得到核苷酸序列如SEQ IDNO:2所示的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶基因。利用限制性内切酶Sac I和Xho I将pP43NMK质粒和纯化产物分别进行双酶切,酶切条件:37℃,12h,酶切产物电泳后使用Gel-Extractionkit胶提取试剂盒要求的操作方法进行切胶回收。将所得PCR扩增产物与pP43NMK载体连接,连接条件为37℃,30min,得到含有低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶基因的重组载体ALT3646-pP43NMK(重组质粒图谱见图2)。
实施例3低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的异源表达
将重组载体热激转化到大肠杆菌E.coli DH5α中,所得产物涂布于LB平板中,37℃培养12h,挑取阳性转化子接种于LB液体培养基中培养10h后,使用Plasmid Mini Kit质粒提取试剂盒提取重组质粒。
制备枯草芽孢杆菌感受态细胞,取一满环枯草芽孢杆菌WB800甘油菌,于LB平板划线,37℃培养箱倒置培养12h,挑取单菌落至5mL LB培养基中,37℃,220rpm培养12h。取200μL种子培养液转接至10mL新鲜SPI培养基中,37℃,250rpm培养至对数生长末期(约4-5h),随后取400uL生长至对数期末的培养液至4mL SPII培养基中,37℃,100rpm培养90分钟。在上述SPII培养基的菌体中加入20μL 10mM EGTA,再于37℃,100rpm培养10min。将上述处理后的菌液分装成0.5mL每管,各加入10μl的表达载体,37℃,170rpm培养90分钟。涂布于具有硫酸卡那霉素抗性100μg/mL的LB平板中,37℃培养12h。挑取阳性转化子测序,获得阳性克隆菌株ALT3646-WB800。
摇瓶发酵:将阳性克隆菌株ALT3646-WB800接入到发酵培养基(100μg/mL硫酸卡那霉素)中于37℃,200rpm发酵48小时。将发酵液在冰浴下超声破碎细胞,将破碎后的菌液在4℃下,8000r/min离心10min,弃沉淀收集上清液得粗酶液。按照酶活测定方法测定酶活,测得酶活为150U/mL。
发酵罐发酵:进一步将阳性克隆菌株ALT3646-WB800进行5L发酵罐发酵,从甘油保藏管中吸取750uL液体重组菌于150mL LB液体培养基中,37℃培养10-12h。将生长10-12h的种子液按5%-10%的接种量接种于含有发酵培养基(100μg/mL硫酸卡那霉素)的5L发酵罐,当罐中pH值和溶氧值回升后,通过变速流加策略使菌体快速生长;当菌体OD600值达到50时调整补料方式为溶氧反馈补料,通过控制搅拌转速和补料速度,维持溶氧值在20%-30%之间。发酵48h后,将发酵液在冰浴下超声破碎细胞,将破碎后的菌液在4℃下,8000r/min离心10min,弃沉淀收集上清液得粗酶液。按照酶活测定方法测定酶活,测得酶活为11000U/mL。通过发酵罐高密度发酵后的粗酶液中鼠李糖苷酶酶活达11000U/mL,比摇瓶出发菌提高了约73倍,具有显著优势。
实施例4低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的分离纯化
由于重组工程菌发酵诱导产的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶带有His标签,与Ni2+有很高的特异性结合能力,故选择用镍离子亲和层析柱来纯化浓缩蛋白。具体操作步骤为:先加入5倍柱体积的超纯水冲洗柱内乙醇,随后加入5倍柱体积的平衡液平衡柱内填料,下一步将过滤除菌后的粗酶液上样,酶液重复过三次柱子。加入5倍柱状体积的洗脱液(20mM咪唑)清洗杂蛋白。加入2倍柱体积的洗脱液(250mM咪唑)洗脱目的蛋白得纯酶液。加入4倍柱体积的洗脱液(500mM咪唑)清洗镍柱后再加入10倍柱状体积的超纯水清洗柱子,然后加入5倍柱状体积的20%的乙醇冲洗柱子,最后用加入20%的乙醇保存柱子,镍柱放置在4℃冰箱中保存,所得纯酶液于4℃保存并进行SDS-PAGE分析。
如图3所示,纯化后蛋白重均分子量在120kDa左右,与预测的蛋白分子量一致。
实施例5重组低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的酶学性质
1、温度对酶活性的影响:
在4-30℃范围内,分别在4℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃的条件下按照酶活测定方法测定酶活。空白组以100℃失活后重组酶进行同样的酶反应,以酶活数据做图比较。结果如图4所示,表明重组α-L-鼠李糖苷酶在4-30℃的低温范围有较高的酶活,并且从图中可以看出,在4℃、10℃等低温条件下,酶活分别为30℃下最高酶活的69%和80%,酶活数据具体表现为7600U/mL和8800U/mL,说明具有较好的低温性能。
2、温度稳定性的测定:
在4-40℃范围内,分别在4℃、10℃、20℃、30℃、40℃的条件下将酶温育不同时间,分别测定温育1h、2h、3h、4h、5h、6h后的酶活,将未经温度处理(0min)的酶液酶活力定义为100%,以相对酶活做图比较,结果如图5所示,表明重组低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶在40℃以下的温度稳性较好,40℃放置6h后仍有70%的酶活力;4℃放置6h后仍然有100%的酶活力。
3、最适反应pH的测定:
在不同的pH(4.0-6.0,50mmol/L柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液;6.0-8.0,50mmol/L磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钠缓冲液;8.0-9.0,50mmol/L Tris-HCl缓冲液)条件下,25℃分别测定酶活,以相对酶活做图比较(最高酶活为100%)结果如图6所示,表明重组α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的最适反应pH为6.5。
实施例6低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶在转化芦丁中的应用
将芦丁用适量甲醇溶解后用50mM磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钠缓冲液配至终浓度为6mg/mL,取400uL底物与40U重组低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶酶液混合置于10℃、15℃,20℃、25℃、30℃水浴锅中反应4h加入100uL甲醇终止反应后进行HPLC检测,并计算芦丁转化率。
转化率的计算公式为:芦丁的转化率%=(芦丁的初始量-芦丁的剩余量)/芦丁的初始量×100%。
芦丁和异槲皮素的HPLC检测条件:检测波长为360nm,柱温为35℃,进样量为10uL,流动相为乙腈:0.02%磷酸=20:80(v/v);流动相流速为1.0mL/min;检测时间40min。
转化率结果见图7,当反应温度为25℃时,芦丁的转化率最高为95%,当反应温度为10℃时,芦丁的转化率最高为85%,即表明在10℃低温条件下本发明所述低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶仍能够发挥较高的催化活性。
实施例7低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶在转化柚皮苷中的应用
将柚皮苷用适量甲醇溶解后用50mM磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钠缓冲液配至终浓度为6mg/mL,取400uL底物与40U重组低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶酶液混合置于10℃、15℃,20℃、25℃、30℃水浴锅中反应4h加入100uL甲醇终止反应后进行HPLC检测,并计算柚皮苷的转化率。
转化率的计算公式为:柚皮苷的转化率%=(柚皮苷的初始量-柚皮苷的剩余量)/柚皮苷的初始量×100%。
柚皮苷和普鲁宁的HPLC检测条件:检测波长为280nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为10uL,流动相为水:甲醇=50:50;流动相流速为1.0mL/min;检测时间25min。
转化率结果见图8,当反应温度为20℃时,柚皮苷的转化率最高为97%,当反应温度为10℃时,柚皮苷的转化率为91%,即表明在10℃低温条件下本发明所述低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶仍能够发挥较高的催化活性,在低温果汁加工脱苦中具有良好的应用前景。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其进行限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明所要求保护的技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶,其特征在于,所述低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
2.一种权利要求1所述的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的编码基因,其特征在于,所述编码基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
3.一种含有权利要求2所述的编码基因的重组载体。
4.一种含有权利要求2所述的编码基因的重组细胞。
5.权利要求1所述的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的制备方法,其特征在于,包含以下步骤:
(1)提取保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2012132的Alteromonas colwelliana A321菌株基因组,根据基因组序列与功能基因的进行比对分析,设计引物,以提取的基因组DNA为模板,扩增获得低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶基因;
(2)将所述步骤(1)的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶基因和质粒分别进行双酶切后连接,将连接产物转化至感受态细胞,获得含有所述低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶基因的重组载体;
(3)将所述步骤(2)的重组载体转化至宿主细胞,获得低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶重组细胞;
(4)将所述步骤(3)的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶重组细胞进行发酵培养,诱导表达,收集表达产物纯化,获得低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中的引物为:
F:atcggatccgaattcgagctcatgttggttataaacaaagcattattaaca;
R:gtggtggtggtggtgctcgagtaaattaataacaccttcaaaagtatattgc。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中扩增的反应条件为95℃,3min;95℃,15s;55℃,15s;72℃,3min,35次循环;72℃,3min;反应停止,4℃保温。
8.权利要求1所述的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶在催化降解天然苷类中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述天然甘类包括柚皮苷、芦丁、槲皮苷、橙皮苷。
10.权利要求1所述的低温α-L-鼠李糖苷酶在制备果汁脱苦添加剂中的应用。
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