CN116852815A - 一种三维成型ptfe基覆铜板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种三维成型ptfe基覆铜板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN116852815A
CN116852815A CN202311111806.3A CN202311111806A CN116852815A CN 116852815 A CN116852815 A CN 116852815A CN 202311111806 A CN202311111806 A CN 202311111806A CN 116852815 A CN116852815 A CN 116852815A
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ptfe
clad plate
copper
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based copper
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陈磊
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Shandong Senrong New Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于覆铜板制备领域,具体涉及一种三维成型PTFE基覆铜板及其制备方法。本发明以石墨烯、正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维为原料,通过3D打印技术构造形成PTFE三维结构介质层,并以铜粉、钛粉、PTFE乳液为原料在铜箔与介质层间压制形成过渡层,通过过渡层的辅助能有效增强铜箔与介质层之间的结合力。最终制备得到的PTFE基覆铜板,表现出低于2的介电常数,且介电损耗低于0.0016,表明更有利于信号的高速、低延迟、无损耗传输。同时,该覆铜板力学性能优异,剥离强度能达到2.32N/mm。

Description

一种三维成型PTFE基覆铜板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于覆铜板制备领域,具体涉及一种三维成型PTFE基覆铜板及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着电子工业的迅猛发展,印刷线路板在电子元器件中起到了关键的连接和支撑作用,而覆铜板又是线路板的基础材料,因此在众多的电子产品中有着广泛的应用。
PTFE分子链中含有C-F键,且具有对称结构,同时由于F原子较大,使PTFE的分子链呈现出螺旋结构,这些结构特征赋予了PTFE优异的特性,如优异的介电特性、绝缘性、高耐热性、耐化学稳定性及耐候性等,其是最适合用于覆铜板生产的树脂材料。现有技术中,通常将PTFE与陶瓷填料混合,并通过构建形成三维多孔结构来容纳更多的空气,进而降低覆铜板的介电常数。然而,由于PTFE为热塑性高分子材料,虽然能够经过重复加热成型,但其熔点较高(熔点为327℃左右),且熔融粘度极大,因此常规的熔融挤出、注塑成型等工艺均不适用于PTFE基覆铜板的三维成型加工,制约了低介电常数PTFE基覆铜板的研究和发展。
发明内容
针对现有技术中PTFE基覆铜板的三维成型加工困难,制约了低介电常数PTFE基覆铜板的研究和发展问题,本发明提供一种三维成型PTFE基覆铜板及其制备方法,以石墨烯、正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维为原料,通过3D打印技术构造形成PTFE三维结构介质层,并以铜粉、钛粉、PTFE乳液为原料在铜箔与介质层间压制形成过渡层,通过过渡层的辅助能有效增强铜箔与介质层之间的结合力,最终制备得到的PTFE基覆铜板具有较低的介电常数,且力学性能优异。
本发明第一方面提供一种三维成型PTFE基覆铜板的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
S1:将铜粉、钛粉、PTFE乳液置于球磨机中,抽真空后进行球磨,将球磨产物过滤、干燥、研磨,得到粉末A;
S2:将石墨烯、正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维溶于无水乙醇溶液中,滴入氨水充分反应后,进行热处理,然后过滤、洗涤得到前驱体;将前驱体、蒸馏水、乙醇、盐酸混合,在热水浴中搅拌,待冷却后加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液,继续搅拌,制得溶胶B;
S3:以铜箔为基底,将粉末A在其表面压制成膜,在铜箔上形成过渡层;
S4:将S2得到的溶胶B转移到注射器中,安装到3D打印设备上,使用三维软件对所需打印的复合材料建模,形成三维网状模型,将模型导入打印设备,在过渡层的基础上进行3D打印,形成介质层;
S5:将S4中3D打印后获得的材料进行冷冻干燥,得到三维成型PTFE基覆铜板。
进一步的,步骤S1中,铜粉、钛粉、PTFE乳液的质量比为1:1:3;球磨时间为40~60min,球磨转速为1000~1200rpm,真空度为0.1×10-2Pa~1.0×10-2Pa。
进一步的,步骤S2中,石墨烯、正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维、氨水的质量摩尔比为5g:2mol:50g:8mol。
进一步的,步骤S2中,无水乙醇溶液的浓度为99.5%,石墨烯与无水乙醇溶液的质量比为1:100。
进一步的,步骤S2中,正硅酸乙酯、蒸馏水、乙醇、盐酸的摩尔比为1:4:6:0.05,盐酸的浓度为0.1mol/L,在80~85℃热水浴中搅拌5~6h。
进一步的,步骤S2中,热处理过程为:置于80~90℃下热处理5~6h。
进一步的,步骤S2中,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与正硅酸乙酯的摩尔比为1:1。
进一步的,步骤S3中,压制过程为:将粉末A在铜箔上模压得到预压片,再将预压片继续真空热压,在铜箔上形成过渡层。
进一步的,所述真空热压的压强为10~20MPa,时间为2~3h,温度为400~450℃。
进一步的,步骤S4中,所述三维网状模型的网眼面积为0.0001~0.04mm2,并将模型分层处理,打印时分层打印,层数为2~6层,层高10~200μm。
进一步的,步骤S3、S4中,所述3D打印过程中的成型参数为:成形室温度:-20~-15℃;针头针管温度:20~25℃;点胶针头内径10~100μm;挤出速度:200~400μm/s;剪切速度:10~15mm/s。
进一步的,冷冻干燥为:先在≤-80℃条件下低温保存,再于0.02~0.05mbar、-55~-50℃的环境下进行40~48h的冻干处理。
本发明第二方面提供一种上述的制备方法制备得到的三维成型PTFE基覆铜板。
上述本发明的一种或多种技术方案取得的有益效果如下:
1.本发明通过将正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维混合,利用碱性环境使得正硅酸乙酯在PTFE纤维表面水解生成SiO2,纤维状的PTFE能够更好的与SiO2接触,更加有效地利用SiO2陶瓷材料来弥补PTFE本身固有的质地软、热膨胀系数较大等缺点。石墨烯的引入则能基于其多层结构来提高SiO2的负载量,同时石墨烯对于机械性能的提升也有重要影响。
本发明采用3D打印技术将介质层材料构造成三维网络结构,能够在容纳充足的空气的同时,缓冲冷热环境下引起的体积变化,进而实现降低介电常数的同时,有效维持使用过程中介质层结构的稳定性,增长使用寿命。然而,直接将介质层通过3D打印的形式结合在铜箔上,铜箔与介质层之间的结合力较差,使用过程中容易脱落,因此本发明在铜箔与介质层之间设置过渡层,进而有效改善介质层与铜箔的结合力。
2.本发明所提供的三维成型PTFE基覆铜板,表现出低于2的介电常数,且介电损耗低于0.0016,表明更有利于信号的高速、低延迟、无损耗传输。同时,该覆铜板力学性能优异,剥离强度能达到2.32N/mm。
具体实施方式
为了使得本领域技术人员能够更加清楚地了解本发明的技术方案,以下将结合具体的实施例与对比例详细说明本发明的技术方案。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种三维成型PTFE基覆铜板的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
S1:将铜粉、钛粉、PTFE乳液(铜粉、钛粉、PTFE乳液的质量比为1:1:3)置于球磨机中,抽真空后进行球磨,球磨时间为50min,球磨转速为1000rpm,真空度为0 .5×10-2Pa,将球磨产物过滤、干燥、研磨,得到粉末A;
S2:将石墨烯、正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维溶于无水乙醇溶液(无水乙醇溶液的浓度为99.5%)中,滴入氨水充分反应后(石墨烯、正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维、氨水的质量摩尔比为5g:2mol:50g:8mol,石墨烯与无水乙醇溶液的质量比为1:100),置于80℃下热处理6h,然后过滤、洗涤得到前驱体;将前驱体、蒸馏水、乙醇、盐酸混合(正硅酸乙酯、蒸馏水、乙醇、盐酸的摩尔比为1:4:6:0.05,盐酸的浓度为0.1mol/L),在80℃热水浴中搅拌6h,待冷却后加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与正硅酸乙酯的摩尔比为1:1,继续搅拌后制得溶胶B;
S3:以铜箔为基底,将粉末A在铜箔上模压得到预压片,再将预压片继续真空热压,真空热压的压强为20MPa,时间为2h,温度为400℃,在铜箔上形成过渡层;
S4:将S2得到的溶胶B转移到注射器中,安装到3D打印设备上,使用三维软件对所需打印的复合材料建模,形成三维网状模型,将模型导入打印设备,在过渡层的基础上进行3D打印,形成介质层;
其中,三维网状模型的网眼面积为0.0001mm2,并将模型分层处理,打印时分层打印,层数为6层,层高10μm;
3D打印过程中的成型参数为:成形室温度:-20℃;针头针管温度:20℃;点胶针头内径10μm;挤出速度:200μm/s;剪切速度:15mm/s;
S5:将S4中3D打印后获得的材料先在-80℃条件下低温保存,再于0.02mbar、-55℃的环境下进行40h的冻干处理,得到三维成型PTFE基覆铜板。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种三维成型PTFE基覆铜板的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
S1:将铜粉、钛粉、PTFE乳液(铜粉、钛粉、PTFE乳液的质量比为1:1:3)置于球磨机中,抽真空后进行球磨,球磨时间为40min,球磨转速为1200rpm,真空度为0 .1×10-2Pa,将球磨产物过滤、干燥、研磨,得到粉末A;
S2:将石墨烯、正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维溶于无水乙醇溶液(无水乙醇溶液的浓度为99.5%)中,滴入氨水充分反应后(石墨烯、正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维、氨水的质量摩尔比为5g:2mol:50g:8mol,石墨烯与无水乙醇溶液的质量比为1:100),置于80℃下热处理5h,然后过滤、洗涤得到前驱体;将前驱体、蒸馏水、乙醇、盐酸混合(正硅酸乙酯、蒸馏水、乙醇、盐酸的摩尔比为1:4:6:0.05,盐酸的浓度为0.1mol/L),在85℃热水浴中搅拌5h,待冷却后加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与正硅酸乙酯的摩尔比为1:1,继续搅拌后制得溶胶B;
S3:以铜箔为基底,将粉末A在铜箔上模压得到预压片,再将预压片继续真空热压,真空热压的压强为10MPa,时间为3h,温度为450℃,在铜箔上形成过渡层;
S4:将S2得到的溶胶B转移到注射器中,安装到3D打印设备上,使用三维软件对所需打印的复合材料建模,形成三维网状模型,将模型导入打印设备,在过渡层的基础上进行3D打印,形成介质层;
其中,三维网状模型的网眼面积为0.04mm2,并将模型分层处理,打印时分层打印,层数为2层,层高200μm;
3D打印过程中的成型参数为:成形室温度:-20℃;针头针管温度:20℃;点胶针头内径100μm;挤出速度:400μm/s;剪切速度:15mm/s;
S5:将S4中3D打印后获得的材料先在-80℃条件下低温保存,再于0.05mbar、-50℃的环境下进行48h的冻干处理,得到三维成型PTFE基覆铜板。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种三维成型PTFE基覆铜板的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
S1:将铜粉、钛粉、PTFE乳液(铜粉、钛粉、PTFE乳液的质量比为1:1:3)置于球磨机中,抽真空后进行球磨,球磨时间为60min,球磨转速为1000rpm,真空度为0 .1×10-2Pa,将球磨产物过滤、干燥、研磨,得到粉末A;
S2:将石墨烯、正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维溶于无水乙醇溶液(无水乙醇溶液的浓度为99.5%)中,滴入氨水充分反应后(石墨烯、正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维、氨水的质量摩尔比为5g:2mol:50g:8mol,石墨烯与无水乙醇溶液的质量比为1:100),置于90℃下热处理5h,然后过滤、洗涤得到前驱体;将前驱体、蒸馏水、乙醇、盐酸混合(正硅酸乙酯、蒸馏水、乙醇、盐酸的摩尔比为1:4:6:0.05,盐酸的浓度为0.1mol/L),在80℃热水浴中搅拌5h,待冷却后加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与正硅酸乙酯的摩尔比为1:1,继续搅拌后制得溶胶B;
S3:以铜箔为基底,将粉末A在铜箔上模压得到预压片,再将预压片继续真空热压,真空热压的压强为15MPa,时间为2h,温度为450℃,在铜箔上形成过渡层;
S4:将S2得到的溶胶B转移到注射器中,安装到3D打印设备上,使用三维软件对所需打印的复合材料建模,形成三维网状模型,将模型导入打印设备,在过渡层的基础上进行3D打印,形成介质层;
其中,三维网状模型的网眼面积为0.0025mm2,并将模型分层处理,打印时分层打印,层数为5层,层高50μm;
3D打印过程中的成型参数为:成形室温度:-15℃;针头针管温度:25℃;点胶针头内径20μm;挤出速度:300μm/s;剪切速度:10mm/s;
S5:将S4中3D打印后获得的材料先在-90℃条件下低温保存,再于0.03mbar、-50℃的环境下进行45h的冻干处理,得到三维成型PTFE基覆铜板。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种三维成型PTFE基覆铜板的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
S1:将铜粉、钛粉、PTFE乳液(铜粉、钛粉、PTFE乳液的质量比为1:1:3)置于球磨机中,抽真空后进行球磨,球磨时间为40min,球磨转速为1100rpm,真空度为0.8×10-2Pa,将球磨产物过滤、干燥、研磨,得到粉末A;
S2:将石墨烯、正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维溶于无水乙醇溶液(无水乙醇溶液的浓度为99.5%)中,滴入氨水充分反应后(石墨烯、正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维、氨水的质量摩尔比为5g:2mol:50g:8mol,石墨烯与无水乙醇溶液的质量比为1:100),置于85℃下热处理6h,然后过滤、洗涤得到前驱体;将前驱体、蒸馏水、乙醇、盐酸混合(正硅酸乙酯、蒸馏水、乙醇、盐酸的摩尔比为1:4:6:0.05,盐酸的浓度为0.1mol/L),在85℃热水浴中搅拌5h,待冷却后加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与正硅酸乙酯的摩尔比为1:1,继续搅拌后制得溶胶B;
S3:以铜箔为基底,将粉末A在铜箔上模压得到预压片,再将预压片继续真空热压,真空热压的压强为20MPa,时间为2h,温度为430℃,在铜箔上形成过渡层;
S4:将S2得到的溶胶B转移到注射器中,安装到3D打印设备上,使用三维软件对所需打印的复合材料建模,形成三维网状模型,将模型导入打印设备,在过渡层的基础上进行3D打印,形成介质层;
其中,三维网状模型的网眼面积为0.01mm2,并将模型分层处理,打印时分层打印,层数为3层,层高100μm;
3D打印过程中的成型参数为:成形室温度:-15℃;针头针管温度:25℃;点胶针头内径50μm;挤出速度:200μm/s;剪切速度:10~15mm/s;
S5:将S4中3D打印后获得的材料先在-90℃条件下低温保存,再于0.02mbar、-55℃的环境下进行43h的冻干处理,得到三维成型PTFE基覆铜板。
对比例1
本对比例提供一种三维成型PTFE基覆铜板的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
S1:将石墨烯、正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维溶于无水乙醇溶液(无水乙醇溶液的浓度为99.5%)中,滴入氨水充分反应后(石墨烯、正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维、氨水的质量摩尔比为5g:2mol:50g:8mol,石墨烯与无水乙醇溶液的质量比为1:100),置于80℃下热处理6h,然后过滤、洗涤得到前驱体;将前驱体、蒸馏水、乙醇、盐酸混合(正硅酸乙酯、蒸馏水、乙醇、盐酸的摩尔比为1:4:6:0.05,盐酸的浓度为0.1mol/L),在80℃热水浴中搅拌6h,待冷却后加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与正硅酸乙酯的摩尔比为1:1,继续搅拌后制得溶胶B;
S2:将溶胶B转移到注射器中,安装到3D打印设备上,使用三维软件对所需打印的复合材料建模,形成三维网状模型,将模型导入打印设备,在铜箔的基础上进行3D打印,形成介质层;
其中,三维网状模型的网眼面积为0.0001mm2,并将模型分层处理,打印时分层打印,层数为6层,层高10μm;
3D打印过程中的成型参数为:成形室温度:-20℃;针头针管温度:20℃;点胶针头内径10μm;挤出速度:200μm/s;剪切速度:15mm/s;
S3:将S2中3D打印后获得的材料先在-80℃条件下低温保存,再于0.02mbar、-55℃的环境下进行40h的冻干处理,得到三维成型PTFE基覆铜板。
对比例2
本对比例提供一种三维成型PTFE基覆铜板的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
S1:将铜粉、钛粉、PTFE乳液(铜粉、钛粉、PTFE乳液的质量比为1:1:3)置于球磨机中,抽真空后进行球磨,球磨时间为50min,球磨转速为1000rpm,真空度为0 .5×10-2Pa,将球磨产物过滤、干燥、研磨,得到粉末A;
S2:将正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维溶于无水乙醇溶液(无水乙醇溶液的浓度为99.5%)中,滴入氨水充分反应后(正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维、氨水的摩尔比为2mol:50g:8mol,PTFE纤维与无水乙醇溶液的质量比为1:10),置于80℃下热处理6h,然后过滤、洗涤得到前驱体;将前驱体、蒸馏水、乙醇、盐酸混合(正硅酸乙酯、蒸馏水、乙醇、盐酸的摩尔比为1:4:6:0.05,盐酸的浓度为0.1mol/L),在80℃热水浴中搅拌6h,待冷却后加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与正硅酸乙酯的摩尔比为1:1,继续搅拌后制得溶胶B;
S3:以铜箔为基底,将粉末A在铜箔上模压得到预压片,再将预压片继续真空热压,真空热压的压强为20MPa,时间为2h,温度为400℃,在铜箔上形成过渡层;
S4:将S2得到的溶胶B转移到注射器中,安装到3D打印设备上,使用三维软件对所需打印的复合材料建模,形成三维网状模型,将模型导入打印设备,在过渡层的基础上进行3D打印,形成介质层;
其中,三维网状模型的网眼面积为0.0001mm2,并将模型分层处理,打印时分层打印,层数为6层,层高10μm;
3D打印过程中的成型参数为:成形室温度:-20℃;针头针管温度:20℃;点胶针头内径10μm;挤出速度:200μm/s;剪切速度:15mm/s;
S5:将S4中3D打印后获得的材料先在-80℃条件下低温保存,再于0.02mbar、-55℃的环境下进行40h的冻干处理,得到三维成型PTFE基覆铜板。
表1为本发明中实施例1~4及对比例1、对比例2所制备的三维成型PTFE基覆铜板测得的性能数据:
表1
通过表1中的测试数据可知,实施例1~4所提供的三维成型PTFE基覆铜板表现出低于2的介电常数,且介电损耗低于0.0016,表明更有利于信号的高速、低延迟、无损耗传输。同时,实施例1~4所提供的三维成型PTFE基覆铜板剥离强度优异,表明本发明提供的制备方法有助于提升PTFE基覆铜板的力学性能。而对比例1、对比例2中的覆铜板,介电常数、介质损耗均偏高,且剥离强度偏低,表明过渡层的设置、石墨烯的引入对于三维成型PTFE基覆铜板的性能提升来说具有显著影响。

Claims (10)

1.一种三维成型PTFE基覆铜板的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下具体步骤:
S1:将铜粉、钛粉、PTFE乳液置于球磨机中,抽真空后进行球磨,将球磨产物过滤、干燥、研磨,得到粉末A;
S2:将石墨烯、正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维溶于无水乙醇溶液中,滴入氨水充分反应后,进行热处理,然后过滤、洗涤得到前驱体;将前驱体、蒸馏水、乙醇、盐酸混合,在热水浴中搅拌,待冷却后加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液,继续搅拌,制得溶胶B;
S3:以铜箔为基底,将粉末A在其表面压制成膜,在铜箔上形成过渡层;
S4:将S2得到的溶胶B转移到注射器中,安装到3D打印设备上,使用三维软件对所需打印的复合材料建模,形成三维网状模型,将模型导入打印设备,在过渡层的基础上进行3D打印,形成介质层;
S5:将S4中3D打印后获得的材料进行冷冻干燥,得到三维成型PTFE基覆铜板。
2.如权利要求1所述的三维成型PTFE基覆铜板的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,铜粉、钛粉、PTFE乳液的质量比为1:1:3;球磨时间为40~60min,球磨转速为1000~1200rpm,真空度为0.1×10-2Pa~1.0×10-2Pa。
3.如权利要求1所述的三维成型PTFE基覆铜板的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中,石墨烯、正硅酸乙酯、PTFE纤维、氨水的质量摩尔比为5g:2mol:50g:8mol;
无水乙醇溶液的浓度为99.5%,石墨烯与无水乙醇溶液的质量比为1:100。
4.如权利要求1所述的三维成型PTFE基覆铜板的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中,正硅酸乙酯、蒸馏水、乙醇、盐酸的摩尔比为1:4:6:0.05,盐酸的浓度为0.1mol/L,在80~85℃热水浴中搅拌5~6h;
热处理过程为:置于80~90℃下热处理5~6h。
5.如权利要求1所述的三维成型PTFE基覆铜板的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与正硅酸乙酯的摩尔比为1:1。
6.如权利要求1所述的三维成型PTFE基覆铜板的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S3中,压制过程为:将粉末A在铜箔上模压得到预压片,再将预压片继续真空热压,在铜箔上形成过渡层;
所述真空热压的压强为10~20MPa,时间为2~3h,温度为400~450℃。
7.如权利要求1所述的三维成型PTFE基覆铜板的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S4中,所述三维网状模型的网眼面积为0.0001~0.04mm2,并将模型分层处理,打印时分层打印,层数为2~6层,层高10~200μm。
8.如权利要求1所述的三维成型PTFE基覆铜板的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S4中,所述3D打印过程中的成型参数为:成形室温度:-20~-15℃;针头针管温度:20~25℃;点胶针头内径10~100μm;挤出速度:200~400μm/s;剪切速度:10~15mm/s。
9.如权利要求1所述的三维成型PTFE基覆铜板的制备方法,其特征在于:冷冻干燥为:先在≤-80℃条件下低温保存,再于0.02~0.05mbar、-55~-50℃的环境下进行40~48h的冻干处理。
10.权利要求1~9任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的三维成型PTFE基覆铜板。
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