CN116840103B - Experimental device and simulation method for researching pollutant migration of coastal underground reservoir - Google Patents
Experimental device and simulation method for researching pollutant migration of coastal underground reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN116840103B CN116840103B CN202310831431.1A CN202310831431A CN116840103B CN 116840103 B CN116840103 B CN 116840103B CN 202310831431 A CN202310831431 A CN 202310831431A CN 116840103 B CN116840103 B CN 116840103B
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/04—Investigating osmotic effects
Abstract
The invention provides an experimental device and a simulation method for researching the pollutant migration of a coastal underground reservoir, which solve the problem that the traditional underground water solute migration simulation device cannot be used for describing the pollutant migration dynamic process in the underground reservoir due to the lack of key facilities for forming the hydrodynamic condition of the underground reservoir. The method can intuitively observe the space-time distribution and enrichment effect of the pollutant content, can test the track and the residence time of the pollutant migration at different positions, and establishes the action relationship of the underground reservoir structure, hydrodynamic conditions and the pollutant migration. The structure of the cut-off wall and the pollution source intensity in the device are adjustable, and the migration-enrichment process of target pollutants under the strong actions of different underground reservoir spaces, hydrodynamic conditions and pollution sources can be explored. The concentration of the pollutant is determined by indirect methods (photographing, conversion and extraction) and is verified by combining direct methods (sampling and chemical analysis), so that the measurement accuracy can be ensured and the working efficiency can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground water solute migration simulation devices, in particular to an experimental device and a simulation method for researching the migration of pollutants in a coastal underground reservoir.
Background
The underground reservoir is a geological engineering which fully utilizes the natural underground water storage space to develop and construct, has the functions of blocking, regulating and utilizing underground water and has the function of protecting the environment. In order to prevent seawater invasion, an underground infiltration wall is generally built at the downstream (sea side) of an aquifer to form a physical barrier for seawater invasion to inland. After the cut-off wall is built, the underground water level of the upstream aquifer can be raised, the storage capacity of the underground fresh water is increased, and the upstream space of the cut-off wall is used as an underground reservoir. However, the engineering practice at home and abroad shows that after the coastal underground reservoir is built, the underground water quantity discharged downstream from the reservoir is reduced (even cut off), so that the enrichment of pollutants in the underground reservoir can be caused, the underground water is polluted, and the economic and social benefits of the underground reservoir are reduced.
The action mechanism of pollutant migration and enrichment in the underground reservoir is clarified, and the method has important scientific significance for protecting the coastal underground fresh water resources. Regarding the mechanism study of contaminant migration in underground reservoirs, common research methods include site monitoring and numerical modeling. The site monitoring is to compare the concentration of pollutants in an underground reservoir and downstream monitoring points after the monitoring well is arranged, sampling and water chemistry analysis are carried out, and determine the source and contribution of the pollutants. The numerical simulation is based on a generalized hydrogeologic model and a mathematical model, and utilizes a numerical method to simulate the solute migration process in an aquifer so as to determine the space-time distribution of the pollutants in the underground reservoir. The field monitoring has large workload and limited data, and the movement rule of the pollutants in the whole aquifer cannot be described. The result given by the numerical simulation is an approximate solution, and the calculation accuracy is influenced by factors such as model generalization, space-time discrete strategy, numerical oscillation and the like.
The indoor sand tank experiment simulates the movement of pollutants in an aquifer and is also an important means for researching the migration of underground water solutes. Compared with the field experiment, the method has small workload and can reduce the movement rule of the pollutants in the whole aquifer. However, at present, the conventional groundwater solute migration simulation device lacks facilities for forming an underground reservoir, and cannot perform experiments of pollutant migration in the coastal underground reservoir. Therefore, it is necessary to specially design a set of experimental devices and methods for simulating the migration of pollutants in the coastal underground reservoirs, so as to solve the problems.
The common underground water solute migration simulation device cannot restore hydrodynamic conditions of the coastal underground reservoir due to the lack of key facilities (cut-off walls) for forming the underground reservoir, and further cannot describe the dynamic process of pollutant migration in the underground reservoir. In addition, the accuracy of the measurement of contaminant concentrations in such devices is also to be improved. The invention designs an experimental device and method for simulating the pollutant migration of the coastal underground reservoir, which can intuitively observe the space-time distribution and enrichment effect of the pollutant content, can test the track and the residence time of the pollutant migration at different positions, and establishes the response relationship of the underground reservoir structure, hydrodynamic conditions and the pollutant migration.
Disclosure of Invention
The coastal underground reservoir is used for protecting fresh water resources, and a water-impermeable underground cut-off wall is generally built at the downstream to prevent seawater invasion. The type, position and height of the cut-off wall are different, and the formed underground reservoir space and hydrodynamic conditions are also different, so that the migration and enrichment process of pollutants in the reservoir is influenced. However, the conventional groundwater solute migration simulation device cannot characterize the dynamic process of pollutant migration in the underground reservoir due to lack of facilities for forming the underground reservoir. In order to make up the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an experimental device and a simulation method for researching the pollutant migration of the coastal underground reservoir, which can intuitively observe the space-time distribution and enrichment effect of the pollutant content, test the track and the residence time of the pollutant migration at different positions and establish the response relationship of the underground reservoir structure, the hydrodynamic condition and the pollutant migration.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the experimental device for be used for studying coastal underground reservoir pollutant migration, including seepage groove, light water bucket, sea cask, wherein experimental device still includes to cut off seepage wall analog system, pollution source analog system, imaging system, monitoring system, and the inside of seepage groove is divided into three part from left to right in proper order with seepage inslot portion through two first water permeable partition boards: the device comprises a seawater chamber, a central chamber and a fresh water chamber, wherein the bottom of the seawater chamber is connected with a seawater barrel, seawater is pumped into the seawater chamber from the seawater barrel by a submersible pump, simulated seawater is filled in the seawater barrel, the simulated seawater is prepared by mixing deionized water and salt and is dyed by a food red dyeing agent, a first flowmeter is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the seawater barrel and the seawater chamber to measure the flow of the simulated seawater, a seawater chamber overflow port is arranged at the upper part of the seawater chamber, a second flowmeter is arranged at the seawater chamber overflow port, a fresh water chamber overflow port is arranged at the upper part of the fresh water chamber, a third flowmeter is arranged at the fresh water chamber overflow port, the bottom of the fresh water chamber is connected with the fresh water barrel, the fresh water barrel supplies water to the fresh water chamber by the submersible pump, fresh water is filled in the fresh water barrel, deionized water is simulated, and a fourth flowmeter is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the fresh water chamber and the fresh water barrel to measure the flow of the fresh water;
the central chamber is internally filled with sand samples, the sand samples are white quartz sand, the filling height of the sand samples is 32 cm, the sand samples are filled in a water-saturated mode, and the water level is always higher than the filled sand sample position 10 cm;
the seepage-proofing wall simulation system is arranged in the central chamber and comprises a socket groove and a plugboard which can be inserted into and pulled out of the socket groove, the plugboard is made of a hard porous acrylic board, the lower part of the plugboard is sealed by a waterproof adhesive tape, the socket groove is arranged at a position which is 39 to cm away from the seawater chamber, the socket groove comprises two second permeable baffles which are vertically arranged in the central chamber, the second permeable baffles are made of the hard acrylic board, and small holes are distributed on the second permeable baffles and wrap gauze;
the pollution source simulation system comprises a liquid storage tank, a peristaltic pump, a surface source sprayer and a point source sprayer, nitrate pollution solution dyed in brilliant blue is arranged in the liquid storage tank, the pollution solution is pumped into the surface source sprayer and the point source sprayer through the peristaltic pump respectively, water stopping clamps are respectively arranged on liquid inlet pipelines of the surface source sprayer and the point source sprayer, the surface source sprayer is a glass dish with smooth bottom and small holes, the surface source sprayer is placed at the top of a central chamber and 20-cm parts of the central chamber, the point source sprayer comprises hollow steel balls and steel wire nets which play a fixing role on the steel balls at the outer parts of the hollow steel balls, the diameters of the steel balls are 1cm, the small holes are fully distributed on the surfaces of the steel balls, porous mediums can only permeate water and isolate the steel balls, the point source sprayer is horizontally and vertically distributed in sand samples of the central chamber, 8 point source sprayers are horizontally distributed at 5cm below the sand sample top of the central chamber at equal intervals of 14cm, and 5 point source sprayers are vertically distributed at the same intervals of 6cm from the dilute water chamber;
the imaging system comprises a camera and a lighting device, wherein the camera is positioned on the front surface of the central chamber, the lighting device comprises red shading cloth and a lamp box, a darkroom is formed by using the red shading cloth with the width of 3 meters at the periphery between the seepage groove and the camera, the lamp box is arranged on the back surface of the seepage groove, the lamp box is composed of LED lamp strips which are uniformly distributed, and the surface of the lamp box is a white light-transmitting film;
the monitoring system comprises 15 sampling ports, 15 sampling ports are arranged on the back surface of the central chamber at the same horizontal and vertical intervals, the sampling ports are hard glass tubes with diameters of 6mm and lengths of 3 cm, the hard glass tubes are embedded on the seepage grooves and face to the outside, gauze is plugged into the sampling ports, rubber tubes are sleeved outside the sampling ports, the rubber tubes are clamped by water stop clamps, and the water stop clamps can be opened for sampling in the experimental process.
Preferably, the infiltration tank is made of a plastic glass plate with a thickness of 15 and mm, and has a length of 173 and cm, a width of 8 and cm, and a height of 45 and cm.
As a preferable scheme, the plugboard is made of a hard porous acrylic plate with the thickness of 6 mm.
Further, the spacing of the second water permeable barrier is 7mm.
Further, the particle size of the white quartz sand sample filled in the central chamber isd 50 =0.5 mm，d 90 /d 10 =2.6。
Further, a contaminated solution inside the reservoir was formulated by dissolving 0.725, g of analytically pure potassium nitrate KNO 3 Dyeing with brilliant blue in each liter of deionized water to distinguish sea water from fresh water, its density was determined to be 1004 g/L, corresponding to nitrate nitrogen NO 3 - The N concentration is 100 mg/L.
Further, the concentration of seawater in the seawater barrel is 35g/L, and the density is 1025 g/L.
Further, the fresh water in the fresh water bucket has the salinity of 0 g/L and the density of 1000 g/L.
The simulation method of the experimental device for researching the pollutant migration of the coastal underground reservoir comprises the following specific steps:
s1: preparing an experimental material; preparing white quartz sand, fresh water, dyed seawater and dyed pollution solution;
s2: filling sand samples; filling a sand sample of white quartz sand in a water saturation mode; after sand sample filling is completed and the sand sample is saturated with water and stands for 6 hours, the water level of the fresh water chamber is adjusted to be 25 cm, and the water level of the sea water chamber is adjusted to be 24 cm.
S3: image processing; preparing a series of pollution solutions with concentration to fill the central room, shooting by a camera to obtain a color photo, converting the color photo into RGB values under the concentration by MATLAB software, and establishing gray-concentration standard curves at different positions of the central room;
s4: forming hydrodynamic conditions of the underground reservoir; the inserting plate is inserted into the inserting groove, a sea water invasion prevention and control process of the cut-off wall is simulated, a submersible pump in the sea water barrel is opened, sea water flows into the sea water chamber from the bottom, fresh water is displaced, and the sea water flows out from an overflow port of the sea water chamber, and finally the whole sea water chamber is occupied by the sea water; the seawater invasion starts, a saline water wedge is formed at the lower part of the central chamber and moves inwards to the position of the cut-off wall;
s5: nitrate non-point source pollution process of underground reservoir; opening the surface source sprayerWater clamp, peristaltic pump with fixed flow rate 0.01 m 3 And/d, releasing nitrate pollution solution from the top of the aqueous medium, and observing the migration process of the pollutants in the underground reservoir. In the experimental process, a stopwatch records the experimental running time, a camera shoots once every 1 minute, and the change of the nitrate pollution range in the central room is recorded; collecting water samples from 15 sampling ports on the back of the central chamber every 5 minutes, and measuring the content of nitrate nitrogen by adopting an ultraviolet spectrophotometry; terminating the experiment when the nitrate pollution range in the central room is not changed any more;
s6: analyzing data; after the experiment is finished, arranging experimental photos taken at different moments, converting the experimental photos into gray images by MATLAB software, and obtaining concentration information of nitrate in the underground reservoir based on gray-concentration quantitative relation established in the step S3; comparing the nitrate concentration sampled and measured at the sampling port with the nitrate concentration obtained by photographing and converting, and verifying the effectiveness of the nitrate concentration;
flux discharged from upstream to downstream of underground reservoirQ f Can be expressed as:
（1），
in the method, in the process of the invention,Q 1 andQ 2 the flow rates recorded for the second flow meter and the first flow meter, respectively;
the change of the water storage capacity in the underground reservoir is described as follows:
（2），
in the method, in the process of the invention,Q T the water quantity added for the underground reservoir,Q 3 andQ 4 the flow rates recorded for the flowmeter and the flowmeter respectively,Q 5 the flow pumped by peristaltic pump 19 in the system is simulated for the source of pollution.
As a preferred embodiment, the concentration of the contaminated solution in step S3 is a series of concentrations of 0mg/L, 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 30mg/L, 40 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 60 mg/L, 70mg/L, 80 mg/L, 90 mg/L, 100 mg/L.
The invention adopts the technical proposal, and compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention specially designs a set of experimental device and method capable of simulating the pollutant migration of the coastal underground reservoir, and solves the problem that the traditional underground water solute migration simulation device cannot describe the pollutant migration dynamic process in the underground reservoir due to the lack of key facilities for forming the hydrodynamic condition of the underground reservoir. The device and the simulation method can intuitively observe the space-time distribution and enrichment effect of the pollutant content, can test the track and the residence time of the pollutant migration at different positions, and establish the action relationship of the underground reservoir structure, hydrodynamic conditions and the pollutant migration.
(2) The structure (type, position and height) of the cut-off wall and the pollution source intensity (position, infiltration rate and concentration) of the device are all adjustable, and the migration-enrichment process of target pollutants under the actions of different underground reservoir spaces, hydrodynamic conditions and strong pollution sources can be explored.
(3) The concentration of the pollutant is determined by indirect methods (photographing, conversion and extraction) and is verified by combining direct methods (sampling and chemical analysis), so that the measurement accuracy can be ensured and the working efficiency can be improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention,
the correspondence between the reference numerals and the components in fig. 1 is:
1 seepage groove, 2 fresh water bucket, 3 sea water bucket, 4 first water permeable partition board, 5 sea water room, 6 central room, 7 fresh water room, 8 flowmeter, 9 overflow mouth, 10 flowmeter, 11 overflow mouth, 12 flowmeter, 13 flowmeter, 14 jack groove, 15 picture peg, 16 picture peg watertight part, 17 second water permeable partition board, 18 liquid storage tank, 19 peristaltic pump, 20 non-point source distributor, 21 point source distributor, 22 camera, 23 shading cloth, 24 lamp house, 25 sampling mouth.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
An experimental apparatus and a simulation method for studying the migration of pollutants in a coastal underground reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an experimental device for researching the pollutant migration of a coastal underground reservoir, which comprises a seepage groove 1, a fresh water barrel 2 and a sea water barrel 3, wherein the seepage groove 1 is composed of an organic glass plate with the thickness of 15 and mm, and the length of the seepage groove 1 is 173 and cm, the width of the seepage groove is 8 and cm, and the height of the seepage groove is 45 and cm. Wherein, experimental apparatus still includes to cut off ooze wall analog system, pollution source analog system, imaging system, monitoring system, and the inside of ooze groove 1 is divided into three part from left to right in proper order through two first baffle 4 that permeate water in groove 1: the sea water chamber 5, the central chamber 6 and the fresh water chamber 7, the sea water chamber 5 simulates the sea boundary of a constant water head, the bottom of the sea water chamber 5 is connected with the sea water barrel 3, sea water is pumped into the sea water chamber 5 from the sea water barrel 3 by the submersible pump, the sea water barrel 3 is internally provided with simulated sea water, the simulated sea water is mixed and prepared by deionized water and salt, and the sea water is dyed by the food red colorant to distinguish fresh water. The connecting pipeline between the sea water bucket 3 and the sea water chamber 5 is provided with a first flowmeter 8 for measuring the flow, the upper part of the sea water chamber 5 is provided with a sea water chamber overflow port 9 for controlling the sea water level, and the sea water chamber overflow port 9 is provided with a second flowmeter 10 for measuring the total drainage. The fresh water chamber 7 simulates an inland boundary of a constant water head, the upper part of the fresh water chamber 7 is provided with a fresh water chamber overflow port 11, the water level is controlled by the fresh water chamber overflow port 11, and a third flowmeter 12 is arranged at the fresh water chamber overflow port 11 and used for measuring the water quantity of the backflow. The bottom of the fresh water chamber 7 is connected with the fresh water barrel 2, the fresh water barrel 2 supplies water to the fresh water chamber 7 through a submersible pump, fresh water is filled in the fresh water barrel 2, deionized water is adopted for simulation, and a fourth flowmeter 13 is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the fresh water chamber 7 and the fresh water barrel 2 to measure the flow of the fresh water;
the central chamber 6 simulates a coastal diving aquifer, sand samples are filled in the central chamber, the sand samples are white quartz sand, the filling height of the sand samples is 32 cm, the sand samples are filled in a water saturation mode, and the water level is always higher than the filled sand sample position 10 cm; the central chamber 6 is filled with white quartz sand sample with the particle diameter ofd 50 =0.5 mm，d 90 /d 10 =2.6, and the particle size distribution after sieving was uniform. Before sand sample is used, the sand sample is rinsed for a plurality of times by tap water and dried for standby.
The seepage-proofing wall simulation system is arranged in the central chamber 6, and comprises a socket groove 14 and a plugboard 15 which can be inserted into and pulled out of the socket groove 14, wherein the plugboard 15 is made of a hard porous acrylic plate, the lower part of the plugboard 15 is sealed by a waterproof adhesive tape 16, so as to achieve the waterproof effect and simulate the waterproof effect of the seepage-proofing wall. The socket groove 14 is arranged at a position which is far from the seawater chamber 39 cm, the socket groove 14 comprises two second water-permeable partition boards 17 which are vertically arranged in the central chamber 6, the second water-permeable partition boards 17 are made of hard acrylic plates, small holes are distributed on the second water-permeable partition boards, and the second water-permeable partition boards are wrapped with gauze to achieve the purposes of water permeation and porous medium isolation; the plugboard 15 is made of a hard porous acrylic plate with the thickness of 6 mm. The spacing of the second water-permeable barrier 17 is 7mm, just allowing insertion and extraction of the insert plate 15.
The pollution source simulation system comprises a liquid storage tank 18, a peristaltic pump 19, a surface source sprayer 20 and a point source sprayer 21, wherein nitrate solution is arranged in the liquid storage tank 18, and pollution solution dyed with brilliant blue food pigment blue No. 1 is pumped into the surface source sprayer 20 and the point source sprayer 21 by the liquid storage tank 18 through the peristaltic pump 19 respectively, water stop clamps are respectively arranged on liquid inlet pipelines of the surface source sprayer 20 and the point source sprayer 21, and the surface source sprayer 20 is smooth in bottom and is full of small holesThe surface source dispenser 20 is placed on top of the central chamber 6, 720cm from the fresh water chamber, and the contaminated solution is vertically introduced into the porous medium through the dispenser. The point source distributor 21 comprises hollow steel balls and a steel wire mesh which is arranged outside the hollow steel balls and is used for fixing the steel balls, the steel wire mesh is horizontally and vertically arranged inside a porous medium, and a plurality of hollow steel balls can be fixed on the steel wire mesh in a certain order. The diameter of the steel ball is 1cm, pores are distributed on the surface of the steel ball, porous media can be permeated and isolated, the point source sprinklers 21 are respectively horizontally and vertically distributed in sand samples of the central chamber 6, 8 point source sprinklers 21 are horizontally distributed at equal intervals of 14cm below the top of the sand samples of the central chamber 6, and 5 point source sprinklers 21 are vertically distributed at equal intervals of 6cm at 5cm away from the fresh water chamber 7; contaminated solution inside reservoir 18 formulated by dissolving analytically pure potassium nitrate KNO of 0.725 g 3 Dyeing with brilliant blue in each liter of deionized water to distinguish sea water from fresh water, its density was determined to be 1004 g/L, corresponding to nitrate nitrogen NO 3 - The N concentration is 100 mg/L. The seawater concentration in the seawater barrel 3 is 35g/L, and the density is 1025 g/L. The fresh water in the fresh water bucket 2 has the salinity of 0 g/L and the density of 1000 g/L.
The imaging system comprises a camera 22 and an illumination device, wherein the camera 22 is positioned on the front surface of the central room 6, and the position of the camera is adjusted to ensure that the front surface of the central room can be clearly shot. The lighting device comprises a red shading cloth 23 and a lamp box 24, wherein a darkroom is formed between the seepage groove 1 and the camera 22 by using the red shading cloth 23 with the width of 3 meters, so that the outside light source is prevented from affecting the authenticity of a shot photo, the lamp box 24 is arranged on the back of the seepage groove 1, the lamp box 24 is composed of uniformly-arranged LED lamp strips, and the surface of the lamp box 24 is a white light-transmitting film, so that the light of the lamp box 24 can be further uniform;
the monitoring system comprises 15 sampling ports 25, and can sample and measure the concentration of pollutants in the central room 6 at any time in the experimental process. 15 sampling ports 25 are arranged on the back of the central chamber 6 at the same horizontal and vertical intervals, the sampling ports 25 are hard glass tubes with diameters of 6mm and lengths of 3 cm, the hard glass tubes are embedded on the seepage grooves 1 and face to the outside, gauze is plugged into the inside of the sampling ports 25, and porous media flowing out along with water flow in the sampling process are avoided. The outside cover of sample connection 25 is equipped with the rubber tube to use the stagnant water clamp to clip, can open the stagnant water clamp and take a sample in the experimentation.
Example 1
The simulation method of the experimental device for researching the pollutant migration of the coastal underground reservoir comprises the following specific steps:
s1: preparing an experimental material; preparing white quartz sand, fresh water, dyed seawater and dyed pollution solution; the particle size distribution is uniform after sievingd 50 =0.5 mm，d 90 /d 10 Before sand sample use, rinsing with tap water for several times, and oven drying; the fresh water is simulated by deionized water, the salinity is 0 g/L, and the density is 1000 g/L; the seawater is prepared by mixing deionized water and salt, and is dyed by a food red dyeing agent to distinguish fresh water; the concentration of the prepared seawater is 35g/L, and the density is 1025 g/L; in the experiment, nitrate which is a typical pollutant of underground water is taken as an example, and a pollution solution is prepared by dissolving 0.725 and g of analytically pure potassium nitrate KNO 3 In each liter of deionized water, and dyeing to distinguish sea water from fresh water, its density was measured as 1004 g/L, corresponding to nitrate nitrogen NO 3 - -N concentration 100 mg/L;
s2: filling sand samples; filling a sand sample of white quartz sand in a water saturation mode; the water level is always higher than the filled sand sample position 10 cm, and the filling height is 32 cm; the surface source dispenser 20 is arranged on the top of the central chamber, and is located at a distance from the fresh water chamber 20 cm. The point source sprinklers 21 are respectively horizontally and vertically arranged, and 8 point source sprinklers are horizontally arranged at equal intervals of 14cm at a position 5cm below the top of the filling sand sample. 5 point source sprinklers are vertically distributed at the same interval of 6cm at the position 5cm away from the fresh water chamber. Before the sprinkler is started, the sprinkler is controlled to be in a closed state by a water stop clamp. After sand sample filling is completed and the sand sample is saturated with water and stands for 6 hours, the water level height of the fresh water chamber 7 is adjusted to be 25 cm, and the water level height of the sea water chamber 5 is adjusted to be 24 cm.
S3: image processing; preparing a series of pollution solutions with the concentration of 0mg/L, 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 30mg/L, 40 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 60 mg/L, 70mg/L, 80 mg/L, 90 mg/L and 100 mg/L to fill the central chamber 6, taking a color picture by using the camera 22, converting the color picture into RGB values under the concentration by using MATLAB software, and establishing gray-concentration standard curves at different position points of the central chamber 6;
s4: forming hydrodynamic conditions of the underground reservoir; the plugboard 15 is inserted into the socket groove 14, the sea water invasion prevention and control process of the cutoff wall is simulated, the submersible pump in the sea water bucket 3 is opened, sea water flows into the sea water chamber 5 from the bottom, fresh water is displaced, and the fresh water flows out from the sea water chamber overflow port 9, and finally the whole sea water chamber 5 is occupied by sea water; the seawater invasion starts, a saline water wedge is formed at the lower part of the central chamber 6 and moves inwards to the inland until reaching the position of the cut-off wall; due to the blocking effect of the wall body, the saline water wedge stops invading to the inland and slowly rises along the cut-off wall. When the distribution of the salty fresh water at the downstream of the wall body is unchanged, the initial hydrodynamic condition of the underground reservoir can be considered to be formed.
S5: nitrate non-point source pollution process of underground reservoir; the water stop clamp of the surface source dispenser 20 is opened, and the peristaltic pump 19 is used for controlling the flow rate to be 0.01 and 0.01 m 3 And/d, releasing nitrate pollution solution from the top of the aqueous medium, and observing the migration process of the pollutants in the underground reservoir. In the experimental process, a stopwatch records the experimental running time, and the camera 22 (Canon IXUS 285 HS) shoots once every 1 minute and records the change of the nitrate pollution range in the central room; collecting water samples from 15 sampling ports 25 on the back of the central chamber 6 once every 5 minutes, and measuring the content of nitrate nitrogen by adopting an ultraviolet spectrophotometry (model of photometer UNICO UV 2800A), wherein the water sample measuring process refers to the standard HJ 634-2012; terminating the experiment when the nitrate pollution range in the central room 6 is not changed any more;
s6: analyzing data; after the experiment is finished, arranging experimental photos taken at different moments, converting the experimental photos into gray images by MATLAB software, and obtaining concentration information of nitrate in the underground reservoir based on gray-concentration quantitative relation established in the step S3; comparing the nitrate concentration sampled and measured at the sampling port (in a direct mode) with the nitrate concentration obtained by photographing and converting (in an indirect mode), verifying the effectiveness of the nitrate concentration, and improving the measuring precision of the pollutant content;
flux discharged from upstream to downstream of underground reservoirQ f Can be expressed as:
（1），
in the method, in the process of the invention,Q 1 andQ 2 the flow rates recorded for the second flow meter 10 and the first flow meter 8, respectively;
the change of the water storage capacity in the underground reservoir is described as follows:
（2），
in the method, in the process of the invention,Q T the water quantity added for the underground reservoir,Q 3 andQ 4 the flow rates recorded for the fourth flow meter 13 and the third flow meter 12 respectively,Q 5 the flow pumped by peristaltic pump 19 in the system is simulated for the source of pollution.
Example 2
Example 1 describes in detail the experimental procedure of the device for observing the migration of pollutants in a coastal underground reservoir, in particular to non-point source pollution. For studies focusing on the migration path and residence time of the contaminants, the surface-source dispenser 20 may be closed, the point-source dispenser 21 may be opened, and the contaminant release time may be controlled in step S5 of the above-described embodiment 1. And (3) starting the point source sprayer every time, observing the migration process of pollutants in the underground reservoir, and recording the migration track and time of the pollutants. After the pollutants are all discharged out of the central chamber, the current point source distributor is closed, the other point source distributor is opened, and the process is repeated until all the horizontal and vertical point source distributors are tested successively, so that the movement track and the residence time of the land source pollutants at different positions in the underground reservoir are obtained. In conclusion, the device designed by the invention can meet the indoor experimental requirements of the coastal underground reservoir pollutant migration, and provides a feasible testing device for theoretical research on the water pollution mechanism of the underground reservoir.
In the description of the present invention, the term "plurality" means two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "coupled," "mounted," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally connected, for example; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the description of the present specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "particular embodiments," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The experimental device for be used for studying coastal underground reservoir pollutant migration, including infiltration groove (1), light water bucket (2), sea water bucket (3), its characterized in that, experimental device still includes interception wall analog system, pollution source analog system, imaging system, monitoring system, and inside of infiltration groove (1) is divided into three part from left to right in proper order with infiltration groove (1) inside through two first water separator plates (4): the device comprises a seawater chamber (5), a central chamber (6) and a fresh water chamber (7), wherein the bottom of the seawater chamber (5) is connected with a seawater barrel (3), seawater is pumped into the seawater chamber (5) from the seawater barrel (3) by a submersible pump, simulated seawater is filled in the seawater barrel (3), deionized water and salt are mixed and prepared, food red colorant is used for dyeing, a first flowmeter (8) is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the seawater barrel (3) and the seawater chamber (5) for measuring the flow rate of the seawater, a seawater chamber overflow port (9) is arranged at the upper part of the seawater chamber (5), a second flowmeter (10) is arranged at the seawater chamber overflow port (9), a fresh water chamber overflow port (11) is arranged at the upper part of the fresh water chamber (7), a third flowmeter (12) is arranged at the fresh water chamber overflow port (11), the bottom of the fresh water chamber (7) is connected with a fresh water barrel (2), the fresh water barrel (2) is used for supplying water to the fresh water chamber (7) through the submersible pump, the fresh water is filled in the fresh water barrel (2), a fourth flowmeter (13) is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the fresh water chamber (7) and the fresh water barrel (2);
the central chamber (6) is internally filled with sand samples, the sand samples are white quartz sand, the filling height of the sand samples is 32 cm, the sand samples are filled in a water-saturated mode, and the water level is always higher than the filled sand sample position 10 cm;
the seepage-proofing wall simulation system is arranged in the central chamber (6), the seepage-proofing wall simulation system comprises a jack groove (14) and a plugboard (15) which can be inserted into and pulled out of the jack groove (14), the plugboard (15) is made of a hard porous acrylic board, the lower part of the plugboard (15) is sealed by a waterproof adhesive tape (16), the jack groove (14) is arranged at a position which is away from the seawater chamber 39 cm, the jack groove (14) comprises two second permeable baffles (17) which are vertically arranged in the central chamber (6), and the second permeable baffles (17) are made of the hard acrylic board, are covered with small holes and are wrapped with gauze;
the pollution source simulation system comprises a liquid storage tank (18), a peristaltic pump (19), a surface source sprayer (20) and a point source sprayer (21), wherein nitrate solution is arranged in the liquid storage tank (18) and is polluted by brilliant blue, the liquid storage tank (18) pumps the pollution solution into the surface source sprayer (20) and the point source sprayer (21) through the peristaltic pump (19) respectively, water stop clamps are respectively arranged on liquid inlet pipelines of the surface source sprayer (20) and the point source sprayer (21), the surface source sprayer (20) is a glass dish with smooth bottom and small holes, the surface source sprayer (20) is placed at the top of a central chamber (6) and is positioned at a position of a distance of 20cm from a dilute chamber (7), the point source sprayer (21) comprises hollow steel balls and steel wire meshes which play a fixed role on the steel balls outside the hollow steel balls, the steel balls have diameters of 1cm, the surfaces are fully provided with small holes, the water permeable and isolating porous media are only arranged on the surfaces, the point source sprayer (21) are horizontally and vertically distributed in the central chamber (6), the sand sample is distributed at the position of the same distance of 5cm below the central chamber (6), and the sand sample is distributed at the position of 5cm (5 cm) at the same distance of the top of the dilute chamber (7 cm) and at the same distance of 5 cm;
the imaging system comprises a camera (22) and a lighting device, wherein the camera (22) is positioned on the front surface of a central room (6), the lighting device comprises a red shading cloth (23) and a lamp box (24), a darkroom is formed between a seepage groove (1) and the camera (22) by using the red shading cloth (23) with the width of 3 meters, the lamp box (24) is arranged on the back surface of the seepage groove (1), the lamp box (24) is composed of uniformly-arranged LED lamp strips, and the surface of the lamp box is a white light-transmitting film;
the monitoring system comprises 15 sampling ports (25), 15 sampling ports (25) are arranged on the back of a central room (6) at the same horizontal and vertical intervals, the sampling ports (25) are hard glass tubes with the diameters of 6mm and the lengths of 3 cm, the hard glass tubes are embedded on a seepage groove (1) and face to the outside, gauze is plugged into the sampling ports (25), rubber tubes are sleeved outside the sampling ports (25), water stop clamps are used for clamping, and the water stop clamps are opened for sampling in the experimental process.
2. An experimental device for studying the migration of pollutants in a coastal groundwater reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that the percolation tank (1) is constituted by a sheet of plexiglass with a thickness of 15 mm, with a length of 173 cm, a width of 8 cm and a height of 45 cm.
3. An experimental device for studying the migration of pollutants in a coastal subterranean reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the insert plate (15) is made of a rigid porous acrylic plate having a thickness of 6 mm.
4. An experimental device for studying the migration of pollutants in a coastal subterranean reservoir according to claim 3, characterized in that the spacing of the second water permeable baffles (17) is 7mm.
5. An experimental device for studying the migration of pollutants in a coastal groundwater reservoir according to claim 4, characterized in that the central chamber (6) is filled with white quartz sand having a sand-like particle size ofd 50 =0.5 mm，d 90 /d 10 =2.6。
6. An experimental device for studying the migration of pollutants in a coastal subterranean reservoir according to claim 5, characterized in that the contaminated solution inside the reservoir (18) is formulated by dissolving 0.725 g of analytically pure potassium nitrate KNO 3 Dyeing with brilliant blue in each liter of deionized water to distinguish sea water from fresh water, its density was determined to be 1004 g/L, corresponding to nitrate nitrogen NO 3 - The N concentration is 100 mg/L.
7. An experimental device for studying the migration of pollutants in a coastal groundwater reservoir according to claim 6, characterized in that the seawater concentration inside the seawater barrel (3) is 35g/L, density is 1025 g/L.
8. An experimental facility for studying the migration of pollutants in a coastal groundwater reservoir according to claim 7, characterized in that the fresh water in the fresh water barrel (2) has a salinity of 0 g/L and a density of 1000 g/L.
9. A simulation method of an experimental device for studying the migration of pollutants in a coastal underground reservoir as claimed in claim 8, comprising the following specific steps:
s1: preparing an experimental material; preparing white quartz sand, fresh water, dyed seawater and dyed pollution solution;
s2: filling sand samples; filling a sand sample of white quartz sand in a water saturation mode; after sand sample filling is finished, full water is filled and the sand sample stands for 6 hours, the water level of the fresh water chamber (7) is adjusted to be 25 cm, and the water level of the sea water chamber (5) is adjusted to be 24 cm;
s3: image processing; preparing a series of concentration pollution solutions to fill the central room (6), taking a color picture by using a camera (22), converting the color picture into RGB values under the concentration by using MATLAB software, and establishing gray-concentration standard curves at different positions of the central room (6);
s4: forming hydrodynamic conditions of the underground reservoir; the plugboard (15) is inserted into the jack groove (14), the sea water invasion prevention and control process of the cutoff wall is simulated, the submersible pump in the sea water barrel (3) is opened, sea water flows into the sea water chamber (5) from the bottom, fresh water is displaced, and the fresh water flows out from the sea water chamber overflow port (9), and finally the whole sea water chamber (5) is occupied by sea water; the seawater invasion starts, a salty water wedge is formed at the lower part of the central chamber (6) and moves inwards until reaching the position of the cut-off wall;
s5: nitrate non-point source pollution process of underground reservoir; opening the water stop clamp of the surface source distributor (20) or the point source distributor (21), and controlling the peristaltic pump (19) to have a constant flow rate of 0.01-0.01 m 3 D, releasing nitrate pollution solution from the top of the aqueous medium, and observing the migration process of the pollutants in the underground reservoir; in the experimental process, a stopwatch records the experimental running time, a camera (22) shoots once every 1 minute, and the change of the nitrate pollution range in the central room is recorded; collecting water samples from 15 sampling ports (25) on the back of the central chamber (6) every 5 minutes, and measuring the content of nitrate nitrogen by adopting an ultraviolet spectrophotometry; terminating the experiment when the nitrate pollution range in the central room (6) is not changed any more;
s6: analyzing data; after the experiment is finished, arranging experimental photos taken at different moments, converting the experimental photos into gray images by MATLAB software, and obtaining concentration information of nitrate in the underground reservoir based on gray-concentration quantitative relation established in the step S3; comparing the nitrate concentration sampled and measured at the sampling port with the nitrate concentration obtained by photographing and converting, and verifying the effectiveness of the nitrate concentration;
upstream of underground reservoirDownstream excreted fluxQ f Expressed as:
（1），
in the method, in the process of the invention,Q 1 andQ 2 the flow rates recorded for the second flow meter (10) and the first flow meter (8), respectively;
the change of the water storage capacity in the underground reservoir is described as follows:
（2），
in the method, in the process of the invention,Q T the water quantity added for the underground reservoir,Q 3 andQ 4 the flow rates recorded by the fourth flowmeter (13) and the third flowmeter (12) respectively,Q 5 the flow pumped by a peristaltic pump (19) in the pollution source simulation system.
10. A simulation method of an experimental set-up for studying the migration of contaminants in a coastal groundwater reservoir according to claim 9, wherein in step S3 a series of contaminated solutions with concentrations of 0mg/L, 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 30mg/L, 40 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 60 mg/L, 70mg/L, 80 mg/L, 90 mg/L, 100 mg/L are used.
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