CN103743879A - Experimental simulation operation method for pollutant transportation under abrupt pollution accident - Google Patents
Experimental simulation operation method for pollutant transportation under abrupt pollution accident Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an experimental simulation operation method for pollutant transportation under an abrupt pollution accident. The experimental simulation operation method comprises the following steps: simulating a natural riverbed by using circulating water, wherein substances with different properties are used as pollutant tracer agents; controlling key factors including a water level, a flow speed and the like; and simulating a pollution pulse process comprising a pollutant entering process and a releasing process. When a river is polluted for a period of time, part of pollutants enter a riverbed and a polluted water body in overlying water is replaced by de-ionized water; then the polluted riverbed starts to release the pollutants. According to the experimental simulation operation method, the entering process and the releasing process are effectively linked by adopting technological means of reasonably replacing the water, arranging a water stopping device at a water inlet and the like, and adopting a programmed experimental design; the discontinuity problem and the consistency problem of the transportation of the pollutants between the overlying water and pore water are solved; the pollutant transportation process under the abrupt pollution accident can be simulated and realized in an indoor laboratory very well so as to disclose a river substrate pollution principle and a pollution transportation and releasing principle in the riverbed after the pollution accident is stopped.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is the experimental simulation method of operating of pollutant migration under burst pollution event.Belong to hydraulic engineering and field of environment engineering.
Background technology
Because burst Pollution event at home and abroad takes place frequently, the environmental hazard causing is especially severe also, particularly huge on the impact of river lakebed matter, yet a lot of research focuses mostly on after burst Pollution event occurs, the chronic pollution that lake, river is caused is also familiar with deficiency, particularly huge on the impact of river lakebed matter, overlying water pollutant levels Transport And Transformation situation, ignores the Transport And Transformation in the lakebed matter porous medium of river.Hysteresis due to experimental implementation technology, at present about the research operating difficulties under burst Pollution event, lack corresponding experimental design and operative technique, cannot further disclose after the generation of burst Pollution event the migration mechanism in overlying water and underground water of Pollution Clouds.
After burst Pollution formal matter part occurs, there are two main processes in the conversion for pollutant between overlying water and pore water, enters and dispose procedure, enters and discharge Collaborative experiment existence two large technological difficulties: discontinuous problem and consistency problem.Get the hang of and recur in natural situation with release conditions, nature riverbed and overlying water are organic wholes, meet the law of indestructibility of matter, keep mobile equilibrium, but Collaborative experiment can not be accomplished continuity, discontinuum is now discontinuous on discontinuous on the time and space both ways.Model experiment is the abstract of actual conditions, feasible for guaranteeing the research of release experiment, the consistance that must first meet concentration under release conditions must reduce the concentration of the lower sign pollutant that gets the hang of, and makes overlying water become " clear water " that does not contain (or content is very low) pollutant.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to make up the defect of prior art, after burst Pollution event is occurred, pollutant transport process in river system is simulated out, disclose lake, pollutant river Migration in Porous Media release characteristic and mechanism thereof under unexpected incidents, after the generation of burst Pollution event, the health control of lake, river provides necessary method and technical support.
Technical scheme: in order to realize foregoing invention object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the experimental simulation method of operating of pollutant migration under burst Pollution event, comprises the steps:
(1) sediment circulating water tank and bed ripples are set, in a cycle period, add trail pollutant agent, it is fully circulated;
(2) reach after certain hour (time is polluted in pulse), close Multifunctional water instrument and constant temperature rod, adopt stifled stream method to block water, adjust the tank gradient to level, close valve termination of pumping simultaneously;
(3) slowly reduce the height of tank overflow groove, bleed off the water of " contaminated " in tank, when exposing water inlet and block water wooden unit, open the water that valve bleeds off water inlet and water return pipeline the inside " contaminated ", the water surface in tank and bed ripples crest, when 2～5mm, stop reducing overflow groove height;
(4) adopt the deionized water (for non-reacted pollutant experiment) of being prepared by preformulation technology, or the buffer solution of certain pH (for reactive contaminants experiment) rinses inlet segment, water exit end and water return pipeline, containing husky tank section upstream, slowly add with tank in the deionized water of reserved water same volume, the water of discharging in reservoir also cleans reservoir;
(5) in reservoir, add the water preparing, open valve turn on pump, slowly Open valve control add water speed, simultaneously slow rising overflow groove height is to predetermined altitude, when tank closes valve termination of pumping during to certain altitude, remove water inlet waterproofing device, open Multifunctional water instrument and constant temperature rod, turn on pump, fast open valve, to predetermined amount of flow, are adjusted the gradient to predetermined value simultaneously;
(6) by predetermined time, show to extract overlying water and pore water concentration, keep the water body total amount in tank system constant constant with pH value, when the concentration of overlying water reaches in a basic balance, stop experiment.
As preferably, trail pollutant agent in described step (), comprises non-reacted pollutant and reactive contaminants.
As preferably, described step (two) adopts stifled stream method: with block water wooden unit and plasticine at inducer water blockoff, to prevent that water from discharging destruction bed ripples from water inlet.
As preferably, the water surface in described step (three) in tank and bed ripples crest during 3mm, stop reducing overflow groove height apart.
As preferably, in described step (four), with the buffer solution of deionized water or certain pH, rinse inlet segment, water exit end and water return pipeline 3 times, clean reservoir 3 times.
As preferably, preformulation technology in described step (four): the buffer solution of the needed deionized water of release experiment or certain pH is carried out pre-configured, control its temperature and pH value.
As preferably, the water preparing in described step (five) refers to when experiment starts, according to experimental design, heat and be controlled at the deionized water of predetermined temperature or the buffer solution of certain pH, for reactive contaminants, test, by add pH buffer solution in deionized water, make pH value reach predetermined value.
As preferably, in described step (five), add water speed and control as 0.28-0.41L/s.
As preferably, described Multifunctional water instrument monitors that temperature, the electricity of overlying water are led automatically, pH and salinity, and measuring intervals of TIME is 3～5 minutes.
As preferably, in experimentation, control the gradient, water temperature, pH value, water level identical when pollutant gets the hang of with release conditions.
For getting the hang of and discontinuous problem of release conditions time, the present invention has taked 3 technical cues to solve:
1) preformulation technology.When entering experiment, according to experimental design, the needed deionized water of release experiment is prepared in advance, control its temperature and pH value; After system is cleaned, reservoir required water is prepared in advance, thereby effectively shortens and change the water time.
2) experimental design of sequencing.Discontinuous with release conditions owing to getting the hang of, effective measure is exactly the experimental design guiding experiment by the sequencing of science, by considering that in advance the problem that may occur in experiment rationally decides on experimental procedures, standard experimental detail, keeps away time loss unnecessary in free-changing water process.
3) definite control criterion.The step of each regulation in experiment is carried out to clear and definite numerical index to be controlled, employing science exact figure index, contributes to differentiate the completeness of each experimental procedure, is convenient to control experiment progress, shorten experimental period, be also conducive to record and the scientific analysis of experiment simultaneously.
For getting the hang of and the discontinuous problem in release conditions space, the present invention has taked following technical cue to solve:
Keep bed ripples form constant.This is one of key condition of this experiment control, in order to keep the constant of bed ripples form, has carried out many experiments, has obtained certain law in repeatedly practising.
A. for keeping bed ripples form constant, need to adopt stifled stream method.Stifled stream method is exactly to adopt certain technological means and suitable material at inducer water blockoff, water in anti-water stopping trough flows out and destroys bed ripples from inducer, this is very important for circulating water chennel experiment, because it is determined close down and reduce after overflow groove height at water pump by the characteristic of circulating water chennel, water in tank can flow out from water inlet and water delivering orifice simultaneously, if without this measure, can destroy bed ripples.
B. guarantee that other experiment condition is constant, by instrument monitoring in conjunction with preformulation technology control the gradient, water temperature, pH value, water level get the hang of identical with release conditions, thereby solution experimental state discontinuous problem.
By considering the various piece of circulating water chennel system, take optimization criteria, the concentration that progressively reduces pollutant by means piecemeals such as flushing, dilution, extractions is to error allowed band.In concrete experimental design, considered the step of best reduction concentration, first extract, then rinse, and stipulated flushing pass, improved experimental precision, thereby solved, experimentally cover water concentration and in fact cover the consistance of water concentration.
Beneficial effect: 1) the present invention not only changes overlying water in tank with the buffer solution of deionized water or certain pH, with the buffer solution of deionized water or certain pH, circulating pipe system and reservoir are rinsed simultaneously, can with the buffer solution of deionized water or certain pH, change " polluted water body " in overlying water to greatest extent, simulate more truly burst Pollution event, in order to monitor, pollutant moves in riverbed and release lays the first stone.
2) the present invention is by tight experimental design, in practical operation, according to design procedure, carry out without any confusion, also sequence of operation and method are optimized simultaneously, make to change water rapid, thereby guaranteed from the continuity of the release conditions that get the hang of as far as possible, to greatest extent simulation actual conditions.
3) the present invention changes and in water, can not destroy or change original pollutant and get the hang of, and keeps bed ripples form constant.By controlling draining lowest water level (with the lowest water level that prevents that bed ripples from destroying), shutoff import and drainage channel, with flowmeter, control deionized water and add the measures such as water speed, constant to guarantee bed ripples form, maintained equally consistent from the release conditions experiment condition that gets the hang of.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is overlying water NaCl concentration changes with time figure; (a) enter process; (b) dispose procedure;
Fig. 2 is that pore water concentration is with change in depth figure; Wherein, (a) N1 round gap water concentration is with change in depth (entering process), and (b) N1 round gap water concentration is with change in depth (dispose procedure), and (c) N2 round gap water concentration is with change in depth (dispose procedure);
Fig. 3 is pollutant cloud cluster transition process figure in riverbed, the dark high concentration that represents, and light color represents low concentration.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated; be noted that the following stated is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to embodiment; for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
River sand gathers from the Changjiang river, d
50=0.30mm, porosity is 0.33, infiltration coefficient is 8.84 * 10
-4m/s.Before experiment starts, need river sand to clean up, specifically wash method for determining sand referring to application publication number CN102500458A " a kind of method for determining sand and special purpose device thereof washed ".Experiment equipment therefor and sampled measurements technology are referring to application publication number CN102507140A " experimental technique of sediment circulating water tank ".
The experimental technique of sediment circulating water tank, first the silt of wash clean is packed into tank, then make bed ripples, open water pump, adjust the tank gradient and water level, control tank temperature, after current and temperature stabilization, at water tank, add pollutant or colloid, extract pore water, measure pollutant or the colloid concentration of overlying water and pore water.A few row's vertical samplings hole is set at the middle part of tank, is used for extracting pore water.At the afterbody of tank, Multifunctional water instrument (MPTROLL-9500) is installed, temperature, the electricity of automatically monitoring overlying water led, pH and salinity, and measuring intervals of TIME is 4 minutes.In the exit portion of tank, automatic constant-temperature rod is installed, when water temperature does not reach experiment predetermined value, constant temperature rod Automatic-heating; When temperature reaches experiment predetermined value, constant temperature rod stops heating automatically, and the current of heating are after backwater system is mixed, enter the more even of test section water temperature, after temperature adjustment, the overlying water day and night temperature of tank is less, and the impact of temperature fluctuation on flume experiment controls environment.The water circulation realization of drawing water from reservoir by stainless steel pump, has installed stainless steel water valve at the water delivering orifice of pump, can control the flow of the whole circulation system, in the distance of dried up valve 4.5m, electromagnetic flowmeter has been installed, and in order to control deionized water, adds water speed.
NaCl is used for as trail pollutant agent, after control hydraulic parameters (gradient, water temperature, water level etc.) is constant, adds tank.After pore water extraction and dilution, sample is taken on conductivity meter (DDS-308A) and measured.Mean flow rate and the depth of water are respectively 11.62cm/s and 9.31cm.
Adopt preformulation technology, the required deionized water of release experiment is put in several 300L and 130L water tank, bucket, be heated to predetermined temperature; Add buffer solution and adjust pH value for testing predetermined value, for reservoir, to add water standby.
Under burst Pollution event, the experimental simulation method of operating of pollutant migration, comprises the steps:
(1) sediment circulating water tank and bed ripples are set according to the method described above, add NaCl and pH buffer solution in a cycle period, during experiment, overlying water initial concentration is 1.55kg/m
3, in riverbed, salinity is 0, such process has continued 3 hours burst length;
(2) close Multifunctional water instrument and constant temperature rod, inducer is blocked the water in tank near high 6.5cm, the wide 4cm for place of bed material and wooden unit and the plasticine of long 29.7cm, in case the water in tank flows out and destroys bed ripples from inducer after stopping valve, adjust the tank gradient to level, close valve termination of pumping simultaneously, reduce the impact of operation on pollutant migration as far as possible;
(3) slowly reduce the height of tank overflow groove, when exposing water inlet waterproofing device, open the water that valve bleeds off water inlet and water return pipeline the inside, the water surface in tank and bed ripples crest, when 3mm, stop reducing overflow groove height; Make sure to keep in mind to allow bed ripples expose, because after bed ripples exposes, no matter how slowly with, speed adds water, all can destroy the shape of bed ripples, by many experiments, is drawn and will be protected that bed ripples shape is intact and quantity of exchanged water is maximum, and the reserved high water level of 3mm is optimal selection;
(4) adopt the deionized water rinsing inlet segment prepared by preformulation technical configuration, water exit end and water return pipeline 3 times, remove this three pollutants that part contains, containing husky tank section upstream, slowly add with tank in the deionized water of reserved water same volume, this is in order to reduce the interference of reserved water to release experiment; With submersible pump, from reservoir, draw water simultaneously, discharge the water in reservoir, then clean reservoir 3 times;
(5) with the bucket of 3 15L, in reservoir, add the water preparing simultaneously, open valve turn on pump, slowly open valve is also controlled at 0.28-0.41L/s adding water speed, simultaneously slow rising overflow groove height is to predetermined altitude, when tank closes valve termination of pumping during to certain altitude, remove block water wooden unit and plasticine, open Multifunctional water instrument (MPTROLL-9500) and constant temperature excellent, turn on pump, fast open valve, to predetermined amount of flow, are adjusted the gradient to predetermined value simultaneously;
(6) by predetermined time, show to extract overlying water and pore water, overlying water extracts from the afterbody of tank, within every 4 hours, adds deionized water 400ml, supplements evaporation section, guarantees that the water body total amount in tank system is constant; For metallic ion experiment, regularly check pH, pH value departs from predetermined value, and by adding acetic acid or sodium acetate is adjusted, flume experiment continues 2～4 days, stops testing when the concentration of overlying water reaches in a basic balance.
By rapid operation above-mentioned steps (two)～(five), " polluted water body " is replaced by deionized water, to start, pollutant moves in riverbed and the monitoring of dispose procedure is step (sixs') measurement.Measure the sample extracting, after exhausting, just deliver to immediately laboratory measurement for NaCl, colloid is measured and is no more than at most 12 hours, and metallic ion experiment finishes rear unification and measures to chemical laboratory.
Experimental data is shown in Fig. 1-3.
Variation from Fig. 1 overlying water relative concentration, the research that the present invention has well supported to get the hang of and release conditions pollutant moves, point from right figure initial time, after changing water, overlying water concentration almost drops to 0, it is remarkable that proof is changed water effect, meets the needed accuracy requirement of release experiment.
Fig. 2 is the pollutant migration pulse signal that N1, N2 two row's gaging holes measure, and from 180min and 207min two width figure, can illustrate, due to scientific and reasonable sequencing experimental design, at two state intersections, has guaranteed well to enter and the continuity discharging.
Fig. 3 can characterize the rule of pollutant levels migration very intuitively, from 207min, can find that near husky wavelength side section region be light color, after representing to change water, overlying water pollutant levels are very low, and the pollutant that no longer includes high concentration enters riverbed, from 207min, are the simulation process of release conditions.This figure imports COMSOL coupling model the color separation of setting up by this experimental data in moment and shows, 207min overlying water clearly shows and approaches white, proves and meets release experiment accuracy requirement, changes water effect remarkable.
Claims (10)
1. the experimental simulation method of operating of pollutant migration under burst pollution event, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) sediment circulating water tank is set, in a cycle period, adds trail pollutant agent, it is fully circulated;
(2) reach after certain hour, close Multifunctional water instrument and constant temperature rod, adopt stifled stream method to block water, adjust the tank gradient to level, close valve termination of pumping simultaneously;
(3) slowly reduce the height of tank overflow groove, when exposing water inlet waterproofing device, open the water that valve bleeds off water inlet and water return pipeline the inside, the water surface in tank and bed ripples crest, when 2～5mm, stop reducing overflow groove height;
(4) deionized water that employing is prepared by preformulation technology or the buffer solution of certain pH rinse inlet segment, water exit end and water return pipeline, containing husky tank section upstream, slowly add with tank in the deionized water of reserved water same volume, the water of discharging in reservoir also cleans reservoir;
(5) to adding the water for preparing or the buffer solution of certain pH in reservoir, open valve turn on pump, slowly add, simultaneously slow rising overflow groove is to predetermined altitude, when tank closes valve termination of pumping during to certain altitude, remove water inlet waterproofing device, open Multifunctional water instrument and constant temperature rod, turn on pump, fast open valve, to predetermined amount of flow, are adjusted the gradient to predetermined value simultaneously;
(6) by predetermined time table, extract overlying water and pore water, keep that water body total amount in tank system is constant and pH value is constant, after the concentration of overlying water is substantially constant, stop testing.
2. the experimental simulation method of operating of pollutant migration under burst pollution event according to claim 1, is characterized in that: trail pollutant agent in described step (), comprises non-reacted pollutant and reactive contaminants.
3. the experimental simulation method of operating that under burst pollution event according to claim 1, pollutant moves, it is characterized in that: described step (two) adopts stifled stream method: with block water wooden unit and plasticine at inducer water blockoff, to prevent that water from discharging destruction bed ripples from water inlet.
4. the experimental simulation method of operating of pollutant migration under burst pollution event according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the water surface in described step (three) in tank and bed ripples crest, when 3mm, stop reducing overflow groove height.
5. the experimental simulation method of operating that under burst pollution event according to claim 1, pollutant moves, it is characterized in that: in described step (four), with the buffer solution of deionized water or certain pH, rinse inlet segment, water exit end and water return pipeline 3 times, clean reservoir 3 times.
6. the experimental simulation method of operating that under burst pollution event according to claim 1, pollutant moves, it is characterized in that: preformulation technology in described step (four): the buffer solution of the needed deionized water of release experiment or certain pH is carried out pre-configured, control its temperature and pH value.
7. the experimental simulation method of operating that under burst pollution event according to claim 1, pollutant moves, it is characterized in that: the water preparing in described step (five) refers to when experiment starts, according to experimental design, heat and be controlled at the deionized water of predetermined temperature or the buffer solution of certain pH, for reactive contaminants, test, by add pH buffer solution in deionized water, make pH value reach predetermined value.
8. the experimental simulation method of operating of pollutant migration under burst pollution event according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (five), add water speed and control as 0.28-0.41L/s.
9. the experimental simulation method of operating of pollutant migration under burst pollution event according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Multifunctional water instrument monitors that temperature, the electricity of overlying water are led automatically, pH and salinity, and measuring intervals of TIME is 3～5 minutes.
10. the experimental simulation method of operating of pollutant migration under burst pollution event according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in experimentation, control the gradient, water temperature, pH value, water level identical when pollutant gets the hang of with release conditions.
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| CN106815448A (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2017-06-09 | 长江水资源保护科学研究所 | A kind of river attenuation type pollutant analogy method |
| CN105510258B (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2018-01-19 | 河海大学 | Experimental method of the nitrate in the underground water lake interface migration for having water plant |
| CN109342659A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-02-15 | 河海大学 | A kind of measuring device and method of bed surface organic matter burst size |
| WO2019180684A1 (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2019-09-26 | Fluvia S.A.S. | Electronic device and method for gathering and processing hydraulic and dispersive parameters in real time |
| CN110907618A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-03-24 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 | Simulation device for researching migration and transformation rules of organic pollutants in river |
| CN116679021A (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2023-09-01 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method and system for filling soluble marker in pollutant diffusion model |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105510258B (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2018-01-19 | 河海大学 | Experimental method of the nitrate in the underground water lake interface migration for having water plant |
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| CN106815448B (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2020-03-31 | 长江水资源保护科学研究所 | River attenuation type pollutant simulation method |
| WO2019180684A1 (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2019-09-26 | Fluvia S.A.S. | Electronic device and method for gathering and processing hydraulic and dispersive parameters in real time |
| CN109342659A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-02-15 | 河海大学 | A kind of measuring device and method of bed surface organic matter burst size |
| CN110907618A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-03-24 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 | Simulation device for researching migration and transformation rules of organic pollutants in river |
| CN116679021A (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2023-09-01 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method and system for filling soluble marker in pollutant diffusion model |
| CN116679021B (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2024-04-19 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method and system for filling soluble marker in pollutant diffusion model |
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