CN102590469B - Flat plate tracing simulating device system and simulating method for salt water intrusion under tidal action - Google Patents
Flat plate tracing simulating device system and simulating method for salt water intrusion under tidal action Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flat plate tracing simulating device system for salt water intrusion under tidal action. The flat plate tracing simulating device system comprises a flat plate water channel, a tidal wave generator, a salt water reservoir, a fresh water tank and a salt water tank, wherein the flat plate water channel is provided with a fresh water area, a sediment area and a salt water area along the length direction; the sediment area is filled with sediment and provided with 5-6 sample discharging-taking holes; the fresh water area, the sediment area and the salt water area are spaced by a filtering net and a water permeable inserting plate respectively; the tidal wave generator is arranged between the salt water area of the flat plate channel and the salt water reservoir; the fresh water tank is connected with the fresh water area of the flat plate water channel through a flowrate regulating device and used for injecting fresh water to the fresh water area; and the salt water tank is connected with the salt water area of the flat plate water channel through another flowrate regulating device and is used for injecting salt water to the salt water area. The full process of salt water intrusion under tidal action can be visually viewed through the device, so that the purpose of deeply exploring the mechanism of sea water intrusion is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental simulation device, particularly relate to the flat plate tracing simulation device system of salt water encroachment under a kind of tidal action, the invention still further relates to the flat plate tracing analogy method of salt water encroachment under a kind of tidal action.
Background technology
Salt water encroachment is the major issue that coastal cities industrial and agricultural development faces, and especially at northern area, excessive underground water of taking out has caused large-area salt water encroachment, has had a strong impact on life and the expanding economy of local people.Meanwhile, salt water encroachment also produces material impact to the ecologic environment of coastland, and cause large area saline Land, original limnobios group is also progressively to the transition of halobios group.Along with the further aggravation of salt water encroachment, the society that it causes and environmental problem are on the rise, and progressively cause the concern of people, also have increasing research to start to pay close attention to this field.
First control salt water encroachment will understand the mechanism of salt water encroachment, grasps the present situation of salt water encroachment, the development trend of Accurate Prediction salt water encroachment.Numerical simulation and physical simulation two kinds of means are mainly relied on to the research of salt water encroachment problem, numerical simulation be utilize on the basis of accurate understanding invasion mechanism mathematical model to describe the research object such as salt solute concentration, pressure distribution in water-bearing zone in time with the situation of change in space, physical simulation refers to be imitated salt water encroachment phenomenon by field or laboratory experiment and explores invasion rule.At present, existing mathematical model still can not well describe salt water encroachment phenomenon, particularly when to consideration tidal action, therefore, is the inevitable choice of salt water encroachment research by means of physical model experiment simulation invasion effect.
By the restriction of experiment condition and cost, existing salt water encroachment experimental simulation mainly adopts indoor model.Owing to simplifying studying a question, most experiments model does not consider tidal action, and research proves that tidal action has material impact to analog result, and therefore the reference value of these experimental simulation results is had a greatly reduced quality; Because NaCl dissolved dilution process cannot with the naked eye be differentiated, adopt probe monitors not only greatly can improve experimental cost, and experiment operability being not high, there is a difficult problem in the visual of experimentation.Owing to there are problems, adopt indoor model simulation salt water encroachment experimental study still rare, and only adopt have circumscribed numerical model cannot reach further investigation Saline Intrusion Mechanism object.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of flat plate tracing simulation device system intuitively can seeing salt water encroachment under tidal action.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the flat plate tracing analogy method of salt water encroachment under a kind of tidal action.
The third object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method utilizing described flat plate tracing analogue means to carry out contaminant transportation spike.
Technical scheme: the flat plate tracing simulation device system of salt water encroachment under tidal action of the present invention, comprise dull and stereotyped tank, tidal wave maker, salt reservoir, fresh-water tank and brine tank, described dull and stereotyped tank sets gradually as fresh water district, silt district and salt pool along its length, be filled with silt in described silt district, and be provided with 5 ~ 6 row's thief holes; Described fresh water district, between silt district and salt pool respectively by filter screen and permeable plate interval; Described tidal wave maker is arranged between the salt pool of described dull and stereotyped tank and described salt reservoir, for the salt solution in described salt reservoir is injected described salt pool with the form of tide; Described fresh-water tank is connected by the fresh water district of flow regulator with described dull and stereotyped tank, for being injected into by fresh water in described fresh water district; Described brine tank is connected by the salt pool of flow regulator with described dull and stereotyped tank, for by saltwater replenishment in described salt pool.
For the ease of acquisition test result, described flat plate tracing analogue means is arranged in the closed space of light, also comprises illuminator, camera system and white background curtain; Described illuminator is arranged in the closed space of described light for providing light source; Described camera system is arranged on the dead ahead of described flat plate tracing analogue means, for taking process of the test and result; Described white background curtain is arranged on the dead astern of described flat plate tracing analogue means as shooting environmental background colour.
Described camera system is two and is separately positioned on apart from described flat plate tracing analogue means same distance, equal angular place with the camera of brand with style, has 1/3rd places overlapping in the finding a view of two cameras; At camera lay down location, black curtain is set, only makes camera lens lean out from black curtain.
For the ease of the research of two dimension, ignore the impact that silt is invaded in thickness, the thickness of described dull and stereotyped tank is 1 ~ 3cm.
Further, the height of described dull and stereotyped tank is 80cm; The length in fresh water district is 5cm; The length in silt district is 340cm, and the silt height in silt district is 65cm; The length in salt pool is 5cm.
The flat plate tracing analogy method of salt water encroachment under tidal action of the present invention, comprises the steps:
(1) use NaCl and FD & C red 40 mixed solution, load in brine tank and salt reservoir as seawater; Deionized water and silt is added in dull and stereotyped tank;
(2) open fresh-water tank water valve, be adjusted to required flow; Open tidal wave maker and the salt solution in salt reservoir is injected salt pool with the form of tide, open brine tank and inject supplementary salt solution to keep the salinity of salt pool salt water boundaries constant; The salt solution of high concentration is added in timing in salt reservoir, makes it reach initial seawater salinity; Meanwhile, open camera timing and take pictures, and timing samples from thief hole;
(3) salt solution in salt pool is invaded to silt district and is formed salt wedge, when salt wedge becomes constant, stop test.
Also apparatus of the present invention can be utilized to carry out contaminant transportation simulation by tracing, utilize flat plate tracing analogue means of the present invention to carry out the method for contaminant transportation spike, comprise the steps:
(1) in dull and stereotyped tank, deionized water and silt is added; Deionized water is loaded in brine tank and fresh-water tank;
(2) open the water valve of brine tank and fresh-water tank, the height of the adjustment fresh water district on both sides and the overflow vent in salt pool, makes the water level on both sides have certain water-head, according to Darcy's law, forms evenly single current in the sink;
(3) in silt district, inject the coloured soluble pollutants of band or colloid by the inlet of dull and stereotyped tank, open camera BR pollutant migration course simultaneously;
Etc. (4) pollutant moves away completely, stops experiment.
Model simplification is two dimensional model by beneficial effect: apparatus of the present invention are mainly used in flowing and the solute transfer process of studying the water-bearing zone degree of depth and vertical direction, shore line on the basis not considering direction flowing along the coastline.Device adopts organic glass wall in vertical shore line plane, the effect of visualization of outstanding whole experimentation, and adopts angle steel fixedly to prevent distortion; On the left of device, (direction, inland) adopts fresh-water tank to inject firm discharge fresh water, is used for describing fixing fresh-water flow border, fresh water outflow is affected from tidal action; On the right side of device, (sea is to border) arranges 1 salt reservoir and 1 brine tank, capacity is adopted to be the brine tank of 60L when not considering tidal action, salt water encroachment situation under simulation mean sea level effect, adopts capacity to be salt water encroachment rule under different tide amplitude effect simulated by the salt reservoir utilization tidal wave maker of 80L when considering tidal action; Through absorption test, device adopts FD & C red 40 and the invasion of NaCl solution simulated seawater, can ensure that in experimentation, tracer agent total amount does not decay; Adopt the every 15s of high-definition digital camera to gather and once test photo, guarantee the change procedure of omnidistance record salt water encroachment.Apparatus of the present invention intuitively can see the overall process of salt water encroachment under tidal action, reach the object of further investigation Saline Intrusion Mechanism.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention structural representation.
Fig. 2 is apparatus of the present invention and camera system layout.
Fig. 3 is the result figure of salt water encroachment under different experimental conditions in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is numerical simulation in the embodiment of the present invention, experiment and Glover bound on solutions face results contrast figure.Solid line is numerical solution; Diamond spot is experimental result; Dotted line is that Glover separates.
Embodiment
Below technical solution of the present invention is described in detail, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to described embodiment.
Embodiment: the flat plate tracing simulation device system of salt water encroachment under tidal action of the present invention, comprise dull and stereotyped tank 1, tidal wave maker 2, salt reservoir 3, fresh-water tank 4 and brine tank 5, described dull and stereotyped tank 1 sets gradually as fresh water district 1-1, silt district 1-2 and salt pool 1-3 along its length, silt is filled with in described silt district 1-2, and being provided with 5 ~ 6 row's thief holes, two pitchs of holes up and down of single row of holes are 1cm; Described fresh water district 1-1, between silt district 1-2 and salt pool 1-3 respectively by filter screen and permeable plate interval; Described tidal wave maker 2 is arranged between the salt pool 1-3 of described dull and stereotyped tank 1 and described salt reservoir 3, for the salt solution in described salt reservoir 3 is injected described salt pool 1-3 with the form of tide; Described fresh-water tank 4 is connected by the fresh water district 1-1 of flow regulator with described dull and stereotyped tank 1, for being injected into by fresh water in described fresh water district 1-1; Described brine tank 5 is connected by the salt pool 1-3 of flow regulator with described dull and stereotyped tank 1, for by saltwater replenishment in described salt pool 1-3.
Described flat plate tracing analogue means is arranged in the closed space of light, also comprises illuminator 6, camera system 7 and white background curtain; Described illuminator 6 is arranged in the closed space of described light for providing light source; Described camera system 7 is arranged on the dead ahead of described flat plate tracing analogue means, for taking test findings; Described white background curtain is arranged on the dead astern of described flat plate tracing analogue means as shooting environmental background colour, avoids other environmental backgrounds in laboratory to be photographed.
Simulation is omnidistance has color spike meter to simulate whole seawater intrusion mainly through taking pictures, and the migration process of Pollution Clouds, and the thief hole of the 5-6 row arranged overleaf.
In this experiment, illuminator 6 uses two row's illuminating lamps, and front row is 5 electricity-saving lamps, and rear row is 2 cumulative lamps; And the door of enclosed experiment room and window, stop the irradiation of outdoor optical (particularly sunshine), reduce or avoid light round the clock to change the change of the aberration of taking pictures caused.
In order to whole tank of taking pictures, camera system 7 needs two with the camera of brand with style, and be separately positioned on distance tank same distance, equal angular is taken; In order to better connection, two cameras have 1/3rd places overlapping; At camera lay down location, place black curtain, only make camera lens lean out from black curtain, the shadow of camera can be avoided like this to manifest in the sink, affect shooting effect.
The thickness of described dull and stereotyped tank 1 is 1 ~ 3cm; The height of described dull and stereotyped tank 1 is 80cm; The length of fresh water district 1-1 is 5cm; The length of silt district 1-2 is 340cm, and the silt height of silt district 1-2 is 65cm; The length of salt pool 1-3 is 5cm.
For seawater intrusion, use NaCl and FD & C red 40 mixed solution, as seawater; Salinity required for being equipped with NaCl, adds a small amount of FD & C red 40 as color tracer agent; The intuitively whole process of simulated seawater invasion; Simultaneously from the thief hole at the back side of tank, extract pore water, measure its conductance after diluting 250 times, be converted into concentration according to graticule.Pollutant is moved in how empty medium, selects the coloured soluble pollutants of suitable band or colloid, add tracer agent, by the transition process of image studies pollutant in how empty medium in fresh water district or silt district.
The flat plate tracing analogy method of salt water encroachment under tidal action, comprises the steps, specific experiment condition and parameter are in table 1:
(1) use NaCl and FD & C red 40 mixed solution, load in brine tank and salt reservoir as seawater; Deionized water and silt is added, each gaza 10cm height in dull and stereotyped tank;
(2) open fresh-water tank water valve, be adjusted to required flow; Open tidal wave maker and the salt solution in salt reservoir is injected salt pool with the form of tide, open brine tank (salinity of brine tank is initially the same with the salinity of salt reservoir) and inject supplementary salt solution to keep the salinity of salt pool salt water boundaries constant; Owing to having freshwater input in this system, therefore under the effect at density flow of the place on seawater border, particularly the salinity of the top water surface on the right is on the low side, in order to better simulate border, ocean (density of sea water is generally more fixed), therefore add the salt solution of equal initial density at an upper portion thereof.Every salt adding high concentration for 1 hour in salt reservoir, (this is owing to having freshwater input in whole system always, and therefore the salinity of salt reservoir can decline to reach initial seawater salinity; Meanwhile, open camera timing and take pictures, interval 15s once, and regularly samples from thief hole, and general interval is initial very fast, and slack-off gradually;
(3) salt solution in salt pool is invaded to silt district and is formed salt wedge, when salt wedge becomes constant, stop test.
Table 1 salt water encroachment experiment condition and parameter
Under different experimental conditions, salt water encroachment the results are shown in Figure 3.Fig. 4 is numerical simulation, experiment and Glover bound on solutions face results contrast figure.Solid line is numerical solution; Diamond spot is experimental result; Dotted line is that Glover separates.
Utilize flat plate tracing analogue means of the present invention to carry out the method for contaminant transportation spike, comprise the steps:
(1) in dull and stereotyped tank, deionized water and silt is added; Deionized water is loaded in brine tank and fresh-water tank;
(2) open the water valve of brine tank and fresh-water tank, the height of the adjustment fresh water district on both sides and the overflow vent in salt pool, makes the water level on both sides have certain water-head, according to Darcy's law, forms evenly single current in the sink;
(3) in silt district, inject the coloured soluble pollutants of band or colloid by the inlet of dull and stereotyped tank, open camera BR pollutant migration course simultaneously;
Etc. (4) pollutant moves away completely, stops experiment
As mentioned above, although represented with reference to specific preferred embodiment and described the present invention, it shall not be construed as the restriction to the present invention self.Under the spirit and scope of the present invention prerequisite not departing from claims definition, various change can be made in the form and details to it.
Claims (7)
1. the flat plate tracing simulation device system of salt water encroachment under a tidal action, it is characterized in that: comprise dull and stereotyped tank (1), tidal wave maker (2), salt reservoir (3), fresh-water tank (4) and brine tank (5), described dull and stereotyped tank (1) sets gradually as fresh water district (1-1), silt district (1-2) and salt pool (1-3) along its length, be filled with silt in described silt district (1-2), and be provided with 5 ~ 6 row's thief holes; Described fresh water district (1-1), between silt district (1-2) and salt pool (1-3) respectively by filter screen and permeable plate interval; Between the salt pool (1-3) that described tidal wave maker (2) is arranged on described dull and stereotyped tank (1) and described salt reservoir (3), for the salt solution in described salt reservoir (3) is injected described salt pool (1-3) with the form of tide, the salt water encroachment rule under utilizing tidal wave maker to simulate different tide amplitude effect; Described fresh-water tank (4) is connected by the fresh water district (1-1) of flow regulator with described dull and stereotyped tank (1), for being injected into by fresh water in described fresh water district (1-1); Described brine tank (5) is connected by salt pool (1-3) top of flow regulator with described dull and stereotyped tank (1), for by saltwater replenishment in described salt pool (1-3).
2. the flat plate tracing simulation device system of salt water encroachment under tidal action according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described flat plate tracing analogue means is arranged in the closed space of light, also comprises illuminator (6), camera system (7) and white background curtain; Described illuminator (6) is arranged in the closed space of described light for providing light source; Described camera system (7) is arranged on the dead ahead of described flat plate tracing analogue means, for taking process of the test and result; Described white background curtain is arranged on the dead astern of described flat plate tracing analogue means as shooting environmental background colour.
3. the flat plate tracing simulation device system of salt water encroachment under tidal action according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described camera system (7) be two with the camera of brand with style, be separately positioned on apart from described flat plate tracing analogue means same distance, equal angular place, in the finding a view of two cameras, have 1/3rd places overlapping; At camera lay down location, black curtain is set, only makes camera lens lean out from black curtain.
4. the flat plate tracing simulation device system of salt water encroachment under tidal action according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thickness of described dull and stereotyped tank (1) is 1 ~ 3cm.
5. the flat plate tracing simulation device system of salt water encroachment under tidal action according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the height of described dull and stereotyped tank (1) is 80cm; The length in fresh water district (1-1) is 5cm; The length in silt district (1-2) is 340cm, and the silt height of silt district (1-2) is 65cm; The length in salt pool (1-3) is 5cm.
6. a flat plate tracing analogy method for salt water encroachment under tidal action, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) use NaCl and FD & C red 40 mixed solution, load in brine tank and salt reservoir as seawater; Deionized water and silt is added in dull and stereotyped tank;
(2) open fresh-water tank water valve, be adjusted to required flow; Open tidal wave maker and the salt solution in salt reservoir is injected salt pool with the form of tide, open brine tank and inject supplementary salt solution to keep the salinity of salt pool salt water boundaries constant; The salt solution of high concentration is added in timing in salt reservoir, makes it reach initial seawater salinity; Meanwhile, open camera timing and take pictures, and timing samples from thief hole;
(3) salt solution in salt pool is invaded to silt district and is formed salt wedge, when salt wedge becomes constant, stop test.
7. utilize the flat plate tracing analogue means described in claim 1 to carry out the method for contaminant transportation spike, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) in dull and stereotyped tank, deionized water and silt is added; Deionized water is loaded in brine tank and fresh-water tank;
(2) open the water valve of brine tank and fresh-water tank, the height of the adjustment fresh water district on both sides and the overflow vent in salt pool, makes the water level on both sides have certain water-head, according to Darcy's law, forms evenly single current in the sink;
(3) in silt district, inject the coloured soluble pollutants of band or colloid by the inlet of dull and stereotyped tank, open camera BR pollutant migration course simultaneously;
Etc. (4) pollutant moves away completely, stops experiment.
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