CN103994951A - Simulator for migration and transformation of environmental pollutants in different aquifers of underground water - Google Patents
Simulator for migration and transformation of environmental pollutants in different aquifers of underground water Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a simulator for migration and transformation of environmental pollutants in different aquifers of underground water. The simulator comprises a water storage device, an upstream water head adjusting device, an aquifer simulating device, a sample feeding device, a water injection well pumping device and a downstream water head adjusting device. The simulator has the following advantages: the simulator can simulate a confined water aquifer and a table water aquifer in a zone of saturation and a capillary water zone and the like in the zone of saturation; flexible and changeful properties of an aquifer can be set according to needs of the properties of the aquifer; through monitoring of a seepage field, a hydraulic pressure field and a hydrochemical field, the rules of migration and transformation of novel environmental pollutants like nanometer particles in aquifers of underground water are researched by using a physical simulation mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the analogue means of the research of environmental contaminants to groundwater contamination, particularly a kind of environmental contaminants Transport And Transformation in underground water different water cut layer.
Background technology
In last century Mo, carbon and some metal oxide nano-materials be it is found that successively, and from then on the mankind have entered nanometer era.Along with a large amount of utilizations of nano material, new materials such as graphene oxide, fullerene nano particle has all obtained a large amount of application in the various aspects of life.Therefore large-scale production and application cause in its entered environment, and especially when people synthesize the nano material after modification, it has good dispersive property thereby can penetrate surface soil layer and enters in underground water aqueous system underground water is polluted.Nano material develops into the environmental contaminants that groundwater environment caused to potential threat gradually.
These class environmental contaminants are the pollutants that just occurred in recent years, and it is low at the content of occurring in nature, are not very general.But along with the development of industrial or agricultural, the environmental pollution effect of these environmental contaminants will inevitably highlight.At present people to its understanding in the starting stage, so for its behavior in groundwater environment of systematic research, must consider the impact in factors such as different aqueous conditions, different hydrochemical field, hydraulic pressure fields.The present invention, in conjunction with the aspect of above-mentioned required consideration, can effectively disclose the Transport of these class environmental contaminants.
The environmental contaminants such as nano particle are extremely urgent to the research of groundwater contamination, and wherein the migration and conversion rule of these class environmental contaminants in ground water aquifer is the condition precedent that solves groundwater contamination problem.Indoor physical simulation research can be controlled hydraulics and the water-bearing zone character of underground water aqueous system, as the variablees such as water chemistry condition of head height, porous medium character, mobile phase are set.Can simulate the transition process of environmental contaminants in underground water different water cut layer under different condition, thereby draw relevant conclusion.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for above-mentioned existing problems, the analogue means of a kind of environmental contaminants Transport And Transformation in underground water different water cut layer is provided, this device can be simulated the different external environmental conditions such as different ground water aquifer seepage fields, groundwater chemical field, under research varying environment condition, the rule of pollutant Transport And Transformation.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
The analogue means of a kind of environmental contaminants Transport And Transformation in underground water different water cut layer, comprise water-storing device, upstream head regulating device, water-bearing zone analogue means, sample delivery device, take out water injection well device and downstream head regulating device, water-storing device comprises suction pump and water tank, and suction pump import is connected with water tank by water pipe, upstream head regulating device, by storage box and screw rod, form and be threaded connection, by the rotation of screw rod, regulate the height of storage box, screw rod is supported on iron stand, in storage box, be provided with dividing plate and storage box is divided into front storage box and rear storage box, front storage box and rear storage box bottom are respectively equipped with front water delivering orifice, rear water delivering orifice, front water delivering orifice is connected with water tank by silicone tube, rear water delivering orifice is connected with the casing of water-bearing zone analogue means by silicone tube, and suction pump outlet is connected with rear storage box by water pipe, water-bearing zone analogue means is with the organic glass casing of top cover and is fixed on base, in casing, be vertically fixed with two porous poly (methyl methacrylate) plates that are coated with 200 order gauzes casing is divided into upstream tank, seepage tank and downstream tank, upper water trench bottom is provided with water inlet, tail water trench bottom is provided with water delivering orifice, wall box is provided with 35 thief holes and fixes by the straight-through copper pipe of 35 thief holes being provided with on sidewall, wherein longitudinally be provided with the five row thief holes that spacing is identical, every row are laterally provided with seven thief holes that spacing is identical, the outer end of the straight-through copper pipe of each thief hole is connected with copper pagoda and silicone tube, between the outer end of straight-through copper pipe and copper pagoda, be provided with the fine and close gauze of 200 orders and utilize silica gel pad sealing, silicone tube is provided with tongs, on top cover of box, be fixed with seven pressure measurement probes and connect and compose water pressure monitoring device by wire and hydraulic pressure monitor, wherein two pressure measurement probes lay respectively at upstream tank and tail water slot part, five pressure measurement probes are not positioned at seepage tank part corresponding with five row thief holes respectively, on the outer wall of downstream tank, be fixed with the straight-through copper pipe of four electrodes, pH electrode, conductance electrode, dissolved oxygen electrode and oxidation-reduction potential electrode lead directly to copper pipe and utilize silica gel pad sealing through electrode respectively, pH electrode, conductance electrode, dissolved oxygen electrode and oxidation-reduction potential electrode connect and compose hydrochemical field monitoring device by wire and monitoring form respectively, sample delivery device comprises syringe pump, syringe, through way valve and porous ceramics head, syringe pump is connected with syringe, through way valve is located at the outlet of syringe and is connected with porous ceramics head by tetrafluoroethene pipe, plexi-glass tubular and silicone tube, and wherein silicone tube and porous ceramics head stretch in the casing of water-bearing zone analogue means, take out water injection well device and comprise and take out waterflood pump with Simulated Water well casing and be connected by pipeline, Simulated Water well casing is vertical in the casing of water-bearing zone analogue means, and the uniform water seepage hole of Simulated Water well casing tube wall, by regulating the thickness of well permeable layer with adhesive tape shutoff water seepage hole, downstream head regulating device and upstream head regulating device structure are basic identical, but the storage box on dividing plate both sides bottom is respectively equipped with water transport port and freeing port, and wherein the water transport port of storage box is connected with the bottom half water delivering orifice of water-bearing zone analogue means by silicone tube.
Advantage of the present invention is: this device can be simulated confined aquifer, the table water aquifer in zone of saturation, also can the simulation package band of gas in capillary water zone etc.; Can be according to the flexible and changeable character that water-bearing zone is set of the needs of simulated water-bearing zone character; By to seepage field, the monitoring of hydraulic pressure field, hydrochemical field, discloses the Transport And Transformation rule of the type environment pollutants such as nano particle in ground water aquifer by the mode of physical simulation.
accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is this analogue means structural representation.
Fig. 2 is sample delivery device part enlarged diagram in this analogue means.
Fig. 3 is hydraulic pressure monitoring device part enlarged diagram in this analogue means.
Fig. 4 is hydrochemical field monitoring device part enlarged diagram in this analogue means.
Fig. 5 is thief hole part enlarged diagram in this analogue means.
Fig. 6 takes out water injection well device part enlarged diagram in this analogue means.
In figure: 1. rear water delivering orifice 9. casing 10. base 11. porous poly (methyl methacrylate) plates of the suction pump 2. water tank front water delivering orifice 8. of 3. storage box 4. screw rod 5. iron stand 6. dividing plate 7.
The fine and close gauze 19a of copper pagoda 17. silicone tube 18.200 orders of the straight-through copper pipe 16. of 12. water inlet 13. water delivering orifice 14. thief hole 15. thief holes, 20. tongs 21. pressure measurement of b. silica gel pad straight-through copper pipe 24.pH electrode 25. conductance electrodes of 22. hydraulic pressure monitor 23. electrodes of popping one's head in
26. dissolved oxygen electrode 27. oxidation-reduction potential electrode 28. monitoring form 29. syringe pump 30. syringe 31. through way valve 32. porous ceramics head 33. tetrafluoroethene pipe 34. plexi-glass tubular 35. silicone tubes 36. are taken out waterflood pump 37. Simulated Water well casing 38. water seepage hole 39. water transport port 40. freeing port.
Embodiment
Embodiment:
The analogue means of a kind of environmental contaminants Transport And Transformation in underground water different water cut layer, comprise water-storing device, upstream head regulating device, water-bearing zone analogue means, sample delivery device, take out water injection well device and downstream head regulating device, water-storing device comprises suction pump 1 and water tank 2, and suction pump 1 import is connected with water tank 2 by water pipe, upstream head regulating device, by storage box 3 and screw rod 4, form and be threaded connection, by the rotation of screw rod, regulate the height of storage box, screw rod 4 is supported on iron stand 5, in storage box 4, be provided with dividing plate 6 and storage box 3 is divided into front storage box and rear storage box, front storage box and rear storage box bottom are respectively equipped with front water delivering orifice 7, rear water delivering orifice 8, front water delivering orifice 7 is connected with water tank 2 by silicone tube, rear water delivering orifice 8 is connected with the casing of water-bearing zone analogue means by silicone tube, and suction pump 1 outlet is connected with rear storage box by water pipe, water-bearing zone analogue means is with the organic glass casing 9 of top cover and is fixed on base 10, casing 9 is interior to be vertically fixed with two porous poly (methyl methacrylate) plates 11 that are coated with 200 order gauzes casing 9 is divided into upstream tank, seepage tank and downstream tank, upper water trench bottom is provided with water inlet 12, tail water trench bottom is provided with water delivering orifice 13, wall box is provided with 35 thief holes 14 fixing by the straight-through copper pipe 15 of 35 thief holes being provided with on sidewall, wherein longitudinally be provided with the five row thief holes that spacing is identical, every row are laterally provided with seven thief holes that spacing is identical, the outer end of the straight-through copper pipe 15 of each thief hole is connected with copper pagoda 16 and silicone tube 17, between the outer end of straight-through copper pipe 15 and copper pagoda 16, be provided with the fine and close gauze 18 of 200 orders and utilize silica gel pad 19a sealing, silicone tube 17 is provided with tongs 20, on casing 9 top covers, be fixed with seven pressure measurement probes 21 and connect and compose water pressure monitoring device by wire and hydraulic pressure monitor 22, wherein two pressure measurement probes lay respectively at upstream tank and tail water slot part, five pressure measurement probes are not positioned at seepage tank part corresponding with five row thief holes respectively, on the outer wall of downstream tank, be fixed with the straight-through copper pipe 23 of four electrodes, pH electrode 24, conductance electrode 25, dissolved oxygen electrode 26 and oxidation-reduction potential electrode 27 lead directly to copper pipe 23 and utilize silica gel pad 19b sealing through electrode respectively, pH electrode 24, conductance electrode 25, dissolved oxygen electrode 26 and oxidation-reduction potential electrode 27 connect and compose hydrochemical field monitoring device by wire and monitoring form 28 respectively, sample delivery device comprises syringe pump 29, syringe 30, through way valve 31 and porous ceramics head 32, syringe pump 29 is connected with syringe 30, through way valve 31 is located at the outlet of syringe 30 and is connected with porous ceramics head 32 by tetrafluoroethene pipe 33, plexi-glass tubular 34 and silicone tube 35, and wherein silicone tube 35 and porous ceramics head 32 stretch in the casing of water-bearing zone analogue means, taking out water injection well device comprises and takes out waterflood pump 36 with Simulated Water well casing 37 and be connected by pipeline, Simulated Water well casing 36 is vertical in the casing of water-bearing zone analogue means, the uniform water seepage hole 38 of Simulated Water well casing 37 tube wall, by regulating the thickness of well permeable layer with adhesive tape shutoff water seepage hole, downstream head regulating device and upstream head regulating device structure are basic identical, but the storage box on dividing plate both sides bottom is respectively equipped with water transport port 39 and freeing port 40, and wherein the water transport port 39 of storage box is connected with the bottom half water delivering orifice 13 of water-bearing zone analogue means by silicone tube.
In this embodiment, the length of water-bearing zone analogue means be 42 centimetres, wide be 7 centimetres, be highly 24 centimetres, adopt poly (methyl methacrylate) plate preparation; The diameter of the thief hole arranging on anterior poly (methyl methacrylate) plate is 1 centimetre, and transverse holes spacing is 5 centimetres, and longitudinal hole spacing is 3 centimetres; The pitch of holes of the pressure measurement probe on top cover of box is 5 centimetres.
Working mechanism of the present invention:
Upstream head regulating device is connected with upstream water tank and controls the liquid level in the water tank of upstream, and downstream head regulating device is connected with downstream water tank and controls the liquid level in water tank.When simulated dive water-bearing zone, upstream water tank level and downstream water tank level are all in the altitude range of seepage tank.When simulation is during confined aquifer, upstream water tank level, downstream water tank level are consistent with the liquid level of seepage tank, but hydraulic pressure is higher than the pressure of liquid level generation.By the hydraulics into and out of water hole control seepage tank of upstream water tank and downstream water tank.
Take out while simulating complete penetration of well in water injection well device, plexi-glass tubular is put into sand launder completely.When simulation partially penetrating well, with putting into sand launder after waterproof rubber belt sealing part plexi-glass tubular.In two kinds of situations, all utilization is taken out waterflood pump and is taken out water filling.
This analogue means, in order to meet the needs at the Transport of underground water to environmental contaminants such as nano particles, can be simulated table water aquifer and confined aquifer in zone of saturation, the migration situation in the support capillary water zone in addition also can the simulation package band of gas.By changing the character of porous medium, also can design the migration situation under the conditions such as homogeneous isotropy, homogeneous anisotropy, heterogeneous body isotropy, heterogeneous anisotropic.In order to disclose the Transport of environmental contaminants, the short form test condition of trying one's best, this device only needs to control single water-bearing zone character, and the height of the storage box by upstream and downstream is controlled the hydraulic properties in seepage tank.By head regulating device, regulate upstream and downstream head height, there is certain head difference in two heads, forms stable flow field.In seepage flow section, load the porous medium of homogeneous, by throwing sampling device, inject the environmental pollutants such as nano particle.In thief hole, sample monitoring pollutant Transport.If during simulation confined aquifer, need the height of storage box in upstream and downstream water head equipment to be adjusted to higher than seepage tank top board.
The concrete steps of utilizing this analogue means to detect are as follows:
1) device sealing detection
After device various piece is connected, by screw rod, regulate the height of upstream and downstream water head equipment, make it all higher than seepage tank top board height.In the water tank in upper water head regulating device, add deionized water, open small pump, form water circulation.Toward slowly water filling in the storage box in upper water head regulating device, the liquid level in seepage tank also slowly raises along with the injection of water, until stable.Check that device has or not Seepage.
2) filling of porous medium
In this device, the porous medium of filling is the quartz sand particle through soda acid rinsings such as pernitric acid, NaOH.Particle diameter is distributed between 0.2-0.3mm.By porous medium in layer add seepage flow section, adding lower one deck after often adding one deck compacting, until fill whole seepage tank.The porous ceramics head of sample delivery device is also nuzzled in seepage tank.
3) the full water of porous medium
The height of upstream and downstream head is adjusted to unanimously, by small pump, control the volume of water input of storage box, slowly pass into from lower to upper deionized water, and heighten gradually the height of storage box in upstream and downstream water head equipment, make the storage box height in the lower slightly upstream of the height head regulating device of the storage box in the head regulating device of downstream, until quartz sand layer, all satisfy after water, keep upstream and downstream head regulating device height.
4) formation of steady flow condition
After the full water stage completes, regulate upstream and downstream water head equipment to make two ends liquid level form liquid level poor, control the flow velocity of seepage flow part.Be adjusted to after the flow velocity that meets test condition, open hydraulic pressure monitoring device, hydrochemical field monitoring device.Flow and the water chemistry character of regular monitoring downstream head drainage position.Until above-mentioned each after data stabilization, can determine that flow field is stable.
5) inject environmental pollutants
The pollutants such as nano particle are dissolved and are dispersed in aqueous solution, with after syringe draw solution, the syringe of foul solution is placed on syringe pump.Regulate syringe pump injection volume to realize the processes such as the moment input of simulation point source, the lasting input of point source.
6) sampling monitoring
Emerging pollutant sampled from the thief hole of choosing every 2 minutes after throwing in, and primary sample is about 1-2 milliliter, utilizes ultraviolet spectrophotometer to come absorbance the record of test sample product, until stop sampling after the data stabilization of thief hole.
7) seepage field conversion
On original experiment condition, in seepage tank, be provided with a complete penetration of well, utilize water pump quantitatively to draw water or water filling, repeat above-mentioned experimentation.
Claims (1)
1. the analogue means of environmental contaminants Transport And Transformation in underground water different water cut layer, it is characterized in that: comprise water-storing device, upstream head regulating device, water-bearing zone analogue means, sample delivery device, take out water injection well device and downstream head regulating device, water-storing device comprises suction pump and water tank, and suction pump import is connected with water tank by water pipe, upstream head regulating device, by storage box and screw rod, form and be threaded connection, by the rotation of screw rod, regulate the height of storage box, screw rod is supported on iron stand, in storage box, be provided with dividing plate and storage box is divided into front storage box and rear storage box, front storage box and rear storage box bottom are respectively equipped with front water delivering orifice, rear water delivering orifice, front water delivering orifice is connected with water tank by silicone tube, rear water delivering orifice is connected with the casing of water-bearing zone analogue means by silicone tube, and suction pump outlet is connected with rear storage box by water pipe, water-bearing zone analogue means is with the organic glass casing of top cover and is fixed on base, in casing, be vertically fixed with two porous poly (methyl methacrylate) plates that are coated with 200 order gauzes casing is divided into upstream tank, seepage tank and downstream tank, upper water trench bottom is provided with water inlet, tail water trench bottom is provided with water delivering orifice, wall box is provided with 35 thief holes and fixes by the straight-through copper pipe of 35 thief holes being provided with on sidewall, wherein longitudinally be provided with the five row thief holes that spacing is identical, every row are laterally provided with seven thief holes that spacing is identical, the outer end of the straight-through copper pipe of each thief hole is connected with copper pagoda and silicone tube, between the outer end of straight-through copper pipe and copper pagoda, be provided with the fine and close gauze of 200 orders and utilize silica gel pad sealing, silicone tube is provided with tongs, on top cover of box, be fixed with seven pressure measurement probes and connect and compose water pressure monitoring device by wire and hydraulic pressure monitor, wherein two pressure measurement probes lay respectively at upstream tank and tail water slot part, five pressure measurement probes are not positioned at seepage tank part corresponding with five row thief holes respectively, on the outer wall of downstream tank, be fixed with the straight-through copper pipe of four electrodes, pH electrode, conductance electrode, dissolved oxygen electrode and oxidation-reduction potential electrode lead directly to copper pipe and utilize silica gel pad sealing through electrode respectively, pH electrode, conductance electrode, dissolved oxygen electrode and oxidation-reduction potential electrode connect and compose hydrochemical field monitoring device by wire and monitoring form respectively, sample delivery device comprises syringe pump, syringe, through way valve and porous ceramics head, syringe pump is connected with syringe, through way valve is located at the outlet of syringe and is connected with porous ceramics head by tetrafluoroethene pipe, plexi-glass tubular and silicone tube, and wherein silicone tube and porous ceramics head stretch in the casing of water-bearing zone analogue means, take out water injection well device and comprise and take out waterflood pump with Simulated Water well casing and be connected by pipeline, Simulated Water well casing is vertical in the casing of water-bearing zone analogue means, and the uniform water seepage hole of Simulated Water well casing tube wall, by regulating the thickness of well permeable layer with adhesive tape shutoff water seepage hole, downstream head regulating device and upstream head regulating device structure are basic identical, but the storage box on dividing plate both sides bottom is respectively equipped with water transport port and freeing port, and wherein the water transport port of storage box is connected with the bottom half water delivering orifice of water-bearing zone analogue means by silicone tube.
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