CN116835985A - 一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116835985A CN116835985A CN202310641021.0A CN202310641021A CN116835985A CN 116835985 A CN116835985 A CN 116835985A CN 202310641021 A CN202310641021 A CN 202310641021A CN 116835985 A CN116835985 A CN 116835985A
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- powder
- carbon brush
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- silicon carbide
- wiper motor
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004156 Azodicarbonamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N azodicarbonamide Chemical compound NC(=O)\N=N\C(N)=O XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019399 azodicarbonamide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007550 Rockwell hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- JPIGLKCRJXYQHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Mo](=S)=S Chemical compound [Si].[Mo](=S)=S JPIGLKCRJXYQHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 nickel metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
- H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
- H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
- H01R39/26—Solid sliding contacts, e.g. carbon brush
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- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
- C04B35/528—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components
- C04B35/532—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components containing a carbonisable binder
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- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料及其制备方法,按重量份计,由如下原料组成:鳞片石墨粉40‑50份、膨胀石墨20‑30份、酚醛树脂粉10‑20份、铜粉15‑30份、碳化硅复合材料5‑10份、改性金刚石1‑2份、偶氮二甲酰胺0.5‑1.5份。本发明提供的碳刷材料,原料中加入酚醛树脂作为粘接剂,经高温处理后炭化,可以提高产品的机械强度;加入的偶氮二甲酰胺作为造孔剂,可在碳刷中形成空隙,吸收部分电势能,减少火花的产生,同时也可吸收电刷产生的声波,减小噪音的产生,在雨刮电机中具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于碳刷材料技术领域,具体涉及一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着我国经济的快速发展,社会的不断进步,科学技术也是日新月异,在这种背景下,我国的电机技术水平得到了良好的发展。传统的电机技术,只是加工一些简单的机械零件,现代电机技术相较于传统的电机,在经过了不断的发展以及更新换代之后,拥有了更加强大的动力,已经成为了完成不同任务的完整的电子化机电体系,成为了人们的生产以及生活中必不可少的部分。作为电能和机械能之间相互转换的一种设备,电动机主要由定子与转子组成。其工作的原理是通过磁场对电流受力的作用,使得电动机发生转动。利用通电线圈产生旋转磁场并作用于转子形成磁电动力旋转扭矩,而通电导线在磁场中受力运动的方向跟电流方向和磁感线方向有关。
碳刷是电动机的固定部分(定子)和转动部分(转子)之间传递能量或信号的装置,一般是碳石墨或金属以及粘结剂和添加剂制成,是电机的关键易耗损零部件。作为一种典型的滑动电接触材料,碳刷必须有效地提供电和热的传导途径并同时能经久耐用,因此碳刷性能的好坏直接影响着电机的耗电量也影响着电机的性能、寿命、安全。
碳刷在随着转子长期滑动过程中,会在换向器表面形成厚的保护皮膜,这种皮膜久而久之如果发生部分脱落等局部缺陷,就会在脱落部分产生电流集中,造成整流特性恶化,甚至导致碳刷表面产生凹凸不平,如果电流过大也会造成换向器表面的损坏。为了解决这个问题,通常会向碳刷中加入磨削剂如碳化硅等,这样就可以使碳刷工作时在换向器表面形成的皮膜被碳化硅削除,但是,由于碳化硅的硬度极大,经常因其有部分大颗粒或絮凝导致分散不均匀,随着碳刷长期滑动就会将换向器表面划伤,从而导致碳刷工作效率下降,进而降低电机工作效率,同时还会产生噪声,这类碳刷不适用于汽车雨刮电机。
中国专利申请号为201310632093.5公开了一种碳刷及其制备方法,该碳刷由以下质量分数的组分制备而成:20~90wt%碳纳米管、0~60wt%活性炭、2~10wt%含钛纳米化合物、和5~20wt%金属粉末或其氧化物粉末或其盐类的粉末。该碳刷的制备方法为:将碳纳米管、活性炭、含钛纳米化合物、及金属粉末或其氧化物粉末或其盐类的粉末混合均匀,经成型后在高温高压下烧结而成。本发明制备碳刷材料的主要成分为具有良好导电性的含钛化合物、碳纳米管、石墨以及少量铁、钴、镍金属,其中含钛化合物具有良好的耐磨性,石墨具有小的摩擦系数,碳纳米管赋予碳刷良好的韧性,但该碳刷的硬度及耐磨性能还有进一步提高的空间。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料及其制备方法,以解决碳化硅直接加入碳刷材料后由于分散不均,从而导致工作效率下降、耐磨性能不均的问题,本发明制备的碳刷较高的硬度和耐磨性能,碳化硅分散均匀,产生噪音少,适用于雨刮电机。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料,按重量份计,由如下原料组成:
鳞片石墨粉40-50份、膨胀石墨20-30份、酚醛树脂粉10-20份、铜粉15-30份、碳化硅复合材料5-10份、改性金刚石1-2份、偶氮二甲酰胺0.5-1.5份。
优选的,所述碳化硅复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将碳化硅加入硝酸溶液中,加热处理,经过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到预处理碳化硅;
(2)将步骤(1)中的预处理碳化硅分散在去离子水中,然后向其中加入二硫化钼粉末,用高速剪切分散机剪切混合,然后将得到的悬浊液静置,除去底部的固体沉淀物,将上层悬浊液冷冻干燥,得到复合粉体;
(3)将硝酸铜和EDTA加入去离子水中,搅拌2-3h,得到混合溶液,然后向其中加入步骤(2)得到的复合粉体,搅拌均匀后离心、干燥,将得到的混合物在还原气氛中煅烧,煅烧完成后得到固体粉末;接着将固体粉末加入γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷水溶液中,进行搅拌反应,反应完成后经过滤、干燥、球磨,得到碳化硅复合材料。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述硝酸溶液的浓度为10-15wt%;所述加热处理的温度为80-90℃,加热处理时间为3-5h。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述预处理碳化硅、去离子水和二硫化钼粉末的质量比为4-6:100-150:3-5。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述剪切的转速为4000-6000rpm,时间为2-3h。
优选的,步骤(3)中所述硝酸铜、EDTA、去离子水和复合粉体的质量比为20-30:15-25:250-300:10-20;所述煅烧的温度为300-400℃,时间为1-2h。
优选的,步骤(3)中所述γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷水溶液中γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的浓度为2-5wt%;所述固体粉末与γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷水溶液的质量比为5-10:100;所述搅拌反应的温度为60-70℃,时间为3-5h。
优选的,改性金刚石的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将碱木质素加入到去离子水中,搅拌均匀,然后向其中加入金刚石粉,搅拌混合均匀,冷冻干燥,在氮气气氛、500-600℃下煅烧2-3h,即得到改性金刚石。
优选的,碱木质素、去离子水和金刚石粉的质量比为3-5:20-30:1。
本发明还保护一种所述用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按重量份将鳞片石墨粉、膨胀石墨、酚醛树脂粉、铜粉、碳化硅复合材料、改性金刚石、偶氮二甲酰胺投入混合机中搅拌1-2h,得到混合粉末,将得到的混合粉末在模具中压制,脱模后得到毛胚,然后在氨气气氛下烧结,烧结工艺为:在8-12h内将高温烧结炉内温升至700-850℃,即得所述用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
(1)本发明将二硫化钼和预处理碳化硅在高速剪切分散机中进行剥离和组装,通过高速剪切,将二硫化钼剥离成纳米片,并与经表面处理后的碳化硅进行组装,得到复合粉体,再将复合粉体与EDTA-Cu络合物进行混合,接着在还原气氛中煅烧,最后再将其与γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷进行反应,得到碳化硅复合材料,碳化硅复合材料中二硫化钨的润滑性能和碳化硅的硬质磨削性能相互结合,大幅提升了碳刷材料的耐磨性;并且将铜附着在复合粉体上,改善了二硫化钼-碳化硅复合粉体的导电性能,进而提高了碳刷材料的导电性。
(2)本发明提供的碳刷材料,加入的金刚石具有比较高的强度和硬度,但导电性能差,本发明将碱木质素溶液与金刚石进行共混,冷冻干燥后进行煅烧,在金刚石的表面形成碳包覆,改善了金刚石的导电性,同时提高了金刚石材料的活性,避免了碳刷表面不会因金刚石的质硬及分布不均匀而损坏,同时,碳刷性能更稳定,电流也不会产生大的波动,电机工作稳定性和整流特性会更好,效率更高,碳刷摩擦损耗率更小;改性金刚石与碳化硅复合材料相互作用,共同提高了碳刷材料的导电性和耐磨性。
(3)本发明提供的碳刷材料,原料中加入酚醛树脂作为粘接剂,经高温处理后炭化,可以提高产品的机械强度;加入的偶氮二甲酰胺作为造孔剂,可在碳刷中形成空隙,吸收部分电势能,减少火花的产生,同时也可吸收电刷产生的声波,减小噪音的产生,在雨刮电机中具有良好的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明中所使用的鳞片石墨粉的规格为325目;
膨胀石墨的规格为200目;
酚醛树脂粉的规格为300目;
铜粉的规格为325目,纯度为99.5%;
碳化硅的规格为2000目;
二硫化钼的规格为2500-3000目;
金刚石粉的规格为1800-2000目。
实施例1
一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将鳞片石墨粉400g、膨胀石墨200g、酚醛树脂粉100g、铜粉150g、碳化硅复合材料50g、改性金刚石10g、偶氮二甲酰胺5g投入混合机中搅拌1h,得到混合粉末,将得到的混合粉末在模具中压制,压制处理的单位压力3吨/cm2,脱模后得到毛胚,然后在氨气气氛下烧结,烧结工艺为:在8h内将高温烧结炉内温升至700℃,随后自然冷却,即得所述用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料。
其中,所述碳化硅复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将10g碳化硅加入200mL浓度为10wt%的硝酸溶液中,在80℃下加热处理5h,经过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到预处理碳化硅;
(2)将步骤(1)中的4g预处理碳化硅分散在100g去离子水中,然后向其中加入3g二硫化钼粉末,用高速剪切分散机剪切混合,剪切的转速为4000rpm,时间为3h,然后将得到的悬浊液静置,除去底部的固体沉淀物,将上层悬浊液冷冻干燥,得到复合粉体;
(3)将20g硝酸铜和15g EDTA加入250g去离子水中,搅拌3h,得到混合溶液,然后向其中加入步骤(2)得到的10g复合粉体,搅拌均匀后离心、干燥,将得到的混合物在还原气氛中煅烧,煅烧的温度为300℃,时间为2h,煅烧完成后得到固体粉末;接着将5g固体粉末加入100g浓度为2wt%的γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷水溶液中,在60℃下搅拌反应5h,反应完成后经过滤、干燥、球磨,得到碳化硅复合材料。
所述改性金刚石的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将3g碱木质素加入20g去离子水中,搅拌均匀,然后向其中加入1g金刚石粉,搅拌混合均匀,冷冻干燥,在氮气气氛、500℃下煅烧3h,即得到改性金刚石。
实施例2
一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将鳞片石墨粉450g、膨胀石墨250g、酚醛树脂粉150g、铜粉200g、碳化硅复合材料70g、改性金刚石15g、偶氮二甲酰胺10g投入混合机中搅拌1h,得到混合粉末,将得到的混合粉末在模具中压制,压制处理的单位压力3吨/cm2,脱模后得到毛胚,然后在氨气气氛下烧结,烧结工艺为:在10h内将高温烧结炉内温升至750℃,随后自然冷却,即得所述用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料。
其中,所述碳化硅复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将10g碳化硅加入200mL浓度为10wt%的硝酸溶液中,在85℃下加热处理4h,经过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到预处理碳化硅;
(2)将步骤(1)中的5g预处理碳化硅分散在130g去离子水中,然后向其中加入4g二硫化钼粉末,用高速剪切分散机剪切混合,剪切的转速为5000rpm,时间为3h,然后将得到的悬浊液静置,除去底部的固体沉淀物,将上层悬浊液冷冻干燥,得到复合粉体;
(3)将25g硝酸铜和20g EDTA加入250g去离子水中,搅拌3h,得到混合溶液,然后向其中加入步骤(2)得到的15g复合粉体,搅拌均匀后离心、干燥,将得到的混合物在还原气氛中煅烧,煅烧的温度为350℃,时间为2h,煅烧完成后得到固体粉末;接着将7g固体粉末加入100g浓度为3wt%的γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷水溶液中,在65℃下搅拌反应4h,反应完成后经过滤、干燥、球磨,得到碳化硅复合材料。
所述改性金刚石的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将4g碱木质素加入25g去离子水中,搅拌均匀,然后向其中加入1g金刚石粉,搅拌混合均匀,冷冻干燥,在氮气气氛、550℃下煅烧3h,即得到改性金刚石。
实施例3
一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将鳞片石墨粉450g、膨胀石墨250g、酚醛树脂粉150g、铜粉250g、碳化硅复合材料80g、改性金刚石15g、偶氮二甲酰胺10g投入混合机中搅拌2h,得到混合粉末,将得到的混合粉末在模具中压制,压制处理的单位压力3吨/cm2,脱模后得到毛胚,然后在氨气气氛下烧结,烧结工艺为:在10h内将高温烧结炉内温升至800℃,随后自然冷却,即得所述用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料。
其中,所述碳化硅复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将10g碳化硅加入200mL浓度为15wt%的硝酸溶液中,在85℃下加热处理4h,经过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到预处理碳化硅;
(2)将步骤(1)中的5g预处理碳化硅分散在130g去离子水中,然后向其中加入4g二硫化钼粉末,用高速剪切分散机剪切混合,剪切的转速为5000rpm,时间为2h,然后将得到的悬浊液静置,除去底部的固体沉淀物,将上层悬浊液冷冻干燥,得到复合粉体;
(3)将25g硝酸铜和20g EDTA加入300g去离子水中,搅拌3h,得到混合溶液,然后向其中加入步骤(2)得到的15g复合粉体,搅拌均匀后离心、干燥,将得到的混合物在还原气氛中煅烧,煅烧的温度为350℃,时间为1h,煅烧完成后得到固体粉末;接着将8g固体粉末加入100g浓度为4wt%的γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷水溶液中,在65℃下搅拌反应4h,反应完成后经过滤、干燥、球磨,得到碳化硅复合材料。
所述改性金刚石的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将4g碱木质素加入25g去离子水中,搅拌均匀,然后向其中加入1g金刚石粉,搅拌混合均匀,冷冻干燥,在氮气气氛、550℃下煅烧2h,即得到改性金刚石。
实施例4
一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将鳞片石墨粉500g、膨胀石墨300g、酚醛树脂粉200g、铜粉300g、碳化硅复合材料100g、改性金刚石20g、偶氮二甲酰胺15g投入混合机中搅拌2h,得到混合粉末,将得到的混合粉末在模具中压制,压制处理的单位压力3吨/cm2,脱模后得到毛胚,然后在氨气气氛下烧结,烧结工艺为:在12h内将高温烧结炉内温升至850℃,随后自然冷却,即得所述用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料。
其中,所述碳化硅复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将10g碳化硅加入200mL浓度为15wt%的硝酸溶液中,在90℃下加热处理3h,经过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到预处理碳化硅;
(2)将步骤(1)中的6g预处理碳化硅分散在150g去离子水中,然后向其中加入5g二硫化钼粉末,用高速剪切分散机剪切混合,剪切的转速为6000rpm,时间为2h,然后将得到的悬浊液静置,除去底部的固体沉淀物,将上层悬浊液冷冻干燥,得到复合粉体;
(3)将30g硝酸铜和25g EDTA加入300g去离子水中,搅拌3h,得到混合溶液,然后向其中加入步骤(2)得到的20g复合粉体,搅拌均匀后离心、干燥,将得到的混合物在还原气氛中煅烧,煅烧的温度为400℃,时间为1h,煅烧完成后得到固体粉末;接着将10g固体粉末加入100g浓度为5wt%的γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷水溶液中,在70℃下搅拌反应3h,反应完成后经过滤、干燥、球磨,得到碳化硅复合材料。
所述改性金刚石的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将5g碱木质素加入30g去离子水中,搅拌均匀,然后向其中加入1g金刚石粉,搅拌混合均匀,冷冻干燥,在氮气气氛、600℃下煅烧2h,即得到改性金刚石。
对比例1
一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将鳞片石墨粉400g、膨胀石墨200g、酚醛树脂粉100g、铜粉150g、碳化硅复合材料50g、改性金刚石10g、偶氮二甲酰胺5g投入混合机中搅拌1h,得到混合粉末,将得到的混合粉末在模具中压制,压制处理的单位压力3吨/cm2,脱模后得到毛胚,然后在氨气气氛下烧结,烧结工艺为:在8h内将高温烧结炉内温升至700℃,随后自然冷却,即得所述用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料。
其中,所述碳化硅复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将10g碳化硅加入200mL浓度为10wt%的硝酸溶液中,在80℃下加热处理5h,经过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到预处理碳化硅;
(2)将步骤(1)中的4g预处理碳化硅分散在100g去离子水中,然后向其中加入3g二硫化钼粉末,用高速剪切分散机剪切混合,剪切的转速为4000rpm,时间为3h,然后将得到的悬浊液静置,除去底部的固体沉淀物,将上层悬浊液冷冻干燥,得到碳化硅复合材料。
所述改性金刚石的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将3g碱木质素加入20g去离子水中,搅拌均匀,然后向其中加入1g金刚石粉,搅拌混合均匀,冷冻干燥,在氮气气氛、500℃下煅烧3h,即得到改性金刚石。
对比例2
一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将鳞片石墨粉400g、膨胀石墨200g、酚醛树脂粉100g、铜粉150g、碳化硅复合材料50g、改金刚石10g、偶氮二甲酰胺5g投入混合机中搅拌1h,得到混合粉末,将得到的混合粉末在模具中压制,压制处理的单位压力3吨/cm2,脱模后得到毛胚,然后在氨气气氛下烧结,烧结工艺为:在8h内将高温烧结炉内温升至700℃,随后自然冷却,即得所述用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料。
其中,所述碳化硅复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将10g碳化硅加入200mL浓度为10wt%的硝酸溶液中,在80℃下加热处理5h,经过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到预处理碳化硅;
(2)将步骤(1)中的4g预处理碳化硅分散在100g去离子水中,然后向其中加入3g二硫化钼粉末,用高速剪切分散机剪切混合,剪切的转速为4000rpm,时间为3h,然后将得到的悬浊液静置,除去底部的固体沉淀物,将上层悬浊液冷冻干燥,得到复合粉体;
(3)将20g硝酸铜和15g EDTA加入250g去离子水中,搅拌3h,得到混合溶液,然后向其中加入步骤(2)得到的10g复合粉体,搅拌均匀后离心、干燥,将得到的混合物在还原气氛中煅烧,煅烧的温度为300℃,时间为2h,煅烧完成后得到固体粉末;接着将5g固体粉末加入100g浓度为2wt%的γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷水溶液中,在60℃下搅拌反应5h,反应完成后经过滤、干燥、球磨,得到碳化硅复合材料。
对比例3
一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将鳞片石墨粉400g、膨胀石墨200g、酚醛树脂粉100g、铜粉150g、碳化硅复合材料50g、金刚石10g、偶氮二甲酰胺5g投入混合机中搅拌1h,得到混合粉末,将得到的混合粉末在模具中压制,压制处理的单位压力3吨/cm2,脱模后得到毛胚,然后在氨气气氛下烧结,烧结工艺为:在8h内将高温烧结炉内温升至700℃,随后自然冷却,即得所述用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料。
其中,所述碳化硅复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将4g碳化硅与3g二硫化钼粉末混合均匀,即得所述碳化硅复合材料。
将实施例1-4和对比例1-3所制备的样品进行性能测试,具体如下:
电阻率测试:按照JB/T 8133.2-2013标准进行测试;
洛氏硬度测试:按照JB/T 8133.3-2013标准进行测试;
电摩擦实验:采用电机转子与碳刷对磨,碳刷通过电流密度67A/cm2,接触压强0.23MPa,转子旋转速度1000r/min,连续对磨100小时后测量碳刷的长度尺寸磨损量,测试结果如下表1所示:
表1
电阻率(μΩ·m) | 硬度(HRC) | 磨损率(mm/100h) | |
实施例1 | 0.42 | 62 | 0.23 |
实施例2 | 0.38 | 64 | 0.20 |
实施例3 | 0.39 | 65 | 0.19 |
实施例4 | 0.41 | 62 | 0.22 |
对比例1 | 1.46 | 61 | 0.48 |
对比例2 | 0.98 | 63 | 0.43 |
对比例3 | 1.62 | 62 | 0.54 |
从上表可以看出,本发明制备的碳刷材料在各原料协同作用下,具有良好的电阻率和较高的耐磨性能。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料,其特征在于,按重量份计,由如下原料组成:
鳞片石墨粉40-50份、膨胀石墨20-30份、酚醛树脂粉10-20份、铜粉15-30份、碳化硅复合材料5-10份、改性金刚石1-2份、偶氮二甲酰胺0.5-1.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料,其特征在于,所述碳化硅复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将碳化硅加入硝酸溶液中,加热处理,经过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到预处理碳化硅;
(2)将步骤(1)中的预处理碳化硅分散在去离子水中,然后向其中加入二硫化钼粉末,用高速剪切分散机剪切混合,然后将得到的悬浊液静置,除去底部的固体沉淀物,将上层悬浊液冷冻干燥,得到复合粉体;
(3)将硝酸铜和EDTA加入去离子水中,搅拌2-3h,得到混合溶液,然后向其中加入步骤(2)得到的复合粉体,搅拌均匀后离心、干燥,将得到的混合物在还原气氛中煅烧,煅烧完成后得到固体粉末;接着将固体粉末加入γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷水溶液中,进行搅拌反应,反应完成后经过滤、干燥、球磨,得到碳化硅复合材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述硝酸溶液的浓度为10-15wt%;所述加热处理的温度为80-90℃,加热处理时间为3-5h。
4.根据权利要求2所述一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述预处理碳化硅、去离子水和二硫化钼粉末的质量比为4-6:100-150:3-5。
5.根据权利要求2所述一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述剪切的转速为4000-6000rpm,时间为2-3h。
6.根据权利要求2所述一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述硝酸铜、EDTA、去离子水和复合粉体的质量比为20-30:15-25:250-300:10-20;所述煅烧的温度为300-400℃,时间为1-2h。
7.根据权利要求2所述一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷水溶液中γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的浓度为2-5wt%;所述固体粉末与γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷水溶液的质量比为5-10:100;所述搅拌反应的温度为60-70℃,时间为3-5h。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料,其特征在于,所述改性金刚石的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将碱木质素加入到去离子水中,搅拌均匀,然后向其中加入金刚石粉,搅拌混合均匀,冷冻干燥,在氮气气氛、500-600℃下煅烧2-3h,即得到改性金刚石。
9.根据权利要求8所述一种用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料,其特征在于,碱木质素、去离子水和金刚石粉的质量比为3-5:20-30:1。
10.一种如权利要求1-9任一项所述用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
按重量份将鳞片石墨粉、膨胀石墨、酚醛树脂粉、铜粉、碳化硅复合材料、改性金刚石、偶氮二甲酰胺投入混合机中搅拌1-2h,得到混合粉末,将得到的混合粉末在模具中压制,脱模后得到毛胚,然后在氨气气氛下烧结,烧结工艺为:在8-12h内将高温烧结炉内温升至700-850℃,即得所述用于雨刮电机的碳刷材料。
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