CN116780209B - Integrated receiving and transmitting antenna applicable to millimeter wave products - Google Patents
Integrated receiving and transmitting antenna applicable to millimeter wave products Download PDFInfo
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- CN116780209B CN116780209B CN202310877633.XA CN202310877633A CN116780209B CN 116780209 B CN116780209 B CN 116780209B CN 202310877633 A CN202310877633 A CN 202310877633A CN 116780209 B CN116780209 B CN 116780209B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention relates to an integrated receiving and transmitting antenna applicable to millimeter wave products, and belongs to the field of signal processing and antenna design. The invention comprises an omnidirectional receiving antenna unit, a receiving antenna unit and a receiving antenna unit, wherein the omnidirectional receiving antenna unit is used for capturing an external radio signal omnidirectionally; an omni-directional transmitting antenna unit for implementing radiation of the generated radio signal; the switch network is used for selecting and transmitting the multi-path captured radio signals; and the millimeter wave front end unit is used for moving and amplifying the radio signal. Through the mode, the integrated and integrated design of the receiving and transmitting antenna is adopted, so that not only can the radio signals in the 360-degree direction be effectively captured, but also the light-weight requirement of equipment is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of signal processing and antenna design, and particularly relates to an integrated transceiver antenna applicable to millimeter wave products.
Background
In recent years, millimeter wave technology has made a major breakthrough in the aspects of transmitters, receivers, antennas, millimeter wave devices and the like, and particularly development of monolithic integration millimeter wave technology makes application of millimeter wave near field detection in practical engineering implementation practical.
The millimeter wave radio detection application has obvious advantages compared with the traditional microwave detection, the millimeter wave near field detection technology enters a new stage of wide application, and the millimeter wave detection has the characteristics of extremely wide working frequency band, narrow beam width of a millimeter wave antenna, obvious Doppler effect of millimeter wave signals, small volume/light weight compared with microwave equipment and the like.
At present, a phased array system (generally digital multi-beam receiving) is adopted for capturing the high gain of the millimeter wave radio signal, but the technology of a phase-shifting chip of the phased array system in the millimeter wave frequency band is not mature at present, and each digital multi-beam needs to be matched with an independent digital processing channel, so that the device is complex, high in power consumption and high in cost, and is not suitable for practical engineering realization under the scene of light weight of the device.
In view of this, the present invention proposes an integrated transceiver antenna applicable to millimeter wave products.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an integrated receiving and transmitting antenna applicable to millimeter wave products, so as to solve the problems of complex, high power consumption and high cost of traditional high-gain capturing equipment for millimeter wave radio signals.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an integrated transceiver antenna applicable to millimeter wave products, the integrated transceiver antenna comprising: the device comprises an omni-directional receiving antenna unit, an omni-directional transmitting antenna unit, a first millimeter wave front end unit, a second millimeter wave front end unit and a switch network;
the omni-directional receiving antenna unit includes: an omnidirectional receiving antenna array and a low noise amplifying module;
the omni-directional transmitting antenna unit includes: an omni-directional transmitting antenna array;
the omnidirectional receiving antenna array is connected with the switch network through the low-noise amplifying module, and the omnidirectional transmitting antenna array is connected with the switch network through the first millimeter wave front end unit;
the switch network is connected with the second millimeter wave front end unit;
the switch network consists of a receiving selection switch structure and a transmitting selection switch structure;
the antenna arrays in the omnidirectional receiving antenna unit and the omnidirectional transmitting antenna unit are respectively a plurality of horn antenna arrays with narrower wave beams, and the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are time-division gated by switching a switch structure in a switch network, so that time-division coverage of a wide airspace is realized;
the integrated receiving and transmitting antenna is divided into two integrated structures: a millimeter wave receiving and transmitting integrated part and a millimeter wave processing and controlling integrated part;
the millimeter wave transceiving integrated part includes: the device comprises an omnidirectional receiving antenna array, an omnidirectional transmitting antenna unit, a low-noise amplifier and a first millimeter wave front end unit, wherein the low-noise amplifier is directly connected to the omnidirectional receiving antenna array and then is arranged on one side of the top layer of a chassis of the integrated part, the omnidirectional transmitting antenna unit is directly arranged on the other side of the top layer of the chassis, the first millimeter wave front end unit and the chassis are in common structural design, and are arranged on the inner side of the chassis, and the chassis shell is used as a shell of the first millimeter wave front end unit;
the millimeter wave processing control integration section includes: the switching network and the second millimeter wave front are integrated into one extension.
Furthermore, the switch network adopts a millimeter wave electronic switch to realize rapid airspace switching.
Furthermore, the omnidirectional receiving antenna unit needs to be connected with a millimeter wave low noise amplifier, and then signals are selected to the frequency conversion channel through the switch array.
Further, the microwave variable frequency signal is sent to the multipath millimeter wave power amplifier in the first millimeter wave front end unit through the switch array in the switch network, and then the generated radio signal is directly transmitted out through the antenna by the millimeter wave power amplifier.
Further, the number of the receiving antennas is N, the number of the transmitting antennas is M, and the coverage space of the N receiving antennas is smaller than or equal to the coverage space of the M transmitting antennas.
Furthermore, the antenna array adopts a plurality of horn antenna arrays with narrower wave beams to realize wide space domain time-sharing coverage through a switch structure in a switch network.
Further, the omnidirectional receiving antenna array adopts an antenna array of 16-element horn array elements, each horn antenna covers an airspace with the azimuth of 22.5 degrees, an antenna output interface is a standard waveguide and is positioned at the bottom of the antenna, and the antenna array is spliced to realize the full airspace coverage with the azimuth of 360 degrees.
Further, the omni-directional transmitting antenna array adopts 4-quadrant distribution, and adopts a transmitting antenna array of 4-element horn antennas, each horn antenna covers 90 degrees in azimuth, and an antenna output interface is a BJ320 standard waveguide and is positioned at the bottom of the antenna.
Further, the switch network is composed of a 16-way receiving selection switch structure and a 4-way transmitting selection switch structure.
The invention also provides a working method of the integrated receiving and transmitting antenna, which comprises the following steps:
s01, inputting radio signals received by receiving antennas in an omnidirectional receiving antenna array into a low-noise amplifier;
s02, the radio signal is processed through a low-noise amplifier to amplify the signal, and the processed radio signal is output to a switch network;
s03, the switch network realizes the selection of the input radio signal according to a set switch switching mode, and outputs the selected radio signal to the second millimeter wave front end unit; meanwhile, the switch network receives the radio signal input by the second millimeter wave front end unit and distributes the radio signal;
s04, the millimeter wave front end unit has two basic functions, wherein the first millimeter wave front end unit has the function of carrying out frequency shifting and shaping on a received radio signal and carrying millimeter wave frequency to a lower frequency; the second millimeter wave front end unit is used for shaping and amplifying a radio signal generated by equipment and outputting the processed signal to the switch network;
s05, transmitting the radio signal output by the switch network to the omnidirectional transmitting antenna unit, and realizing radiation of the radio signal.
(III) beneficial effects
The invention provides an integrated receiving and transmitting antenna applicable to millimeter wave products, which has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting antenna integrated design technology, designs the millimeter wave multi-beam receiving and transmitting antenna, the millimeter wave front end (low noise amplifier or power amplifier) and the switch network with high density, and directly connects the low noise amplifier to the omnidirectional receiving antenna array, then installs the low noise amplifier on one side of the top layer of the chassis of the integrated part, the omnidirectional transmitting antenna unit is directly installed on the other side of the top layer of the chassis, the first millimeter wave front end unit and the chassis are in common structure design and installed on the inner side of the chassis, thereby greatly reducing the volume and weight of the antenna array, simultaneously reducing the cable connection loss between the antenna and the front end, and ensuring the high sensitivity capturing and high gain radiation to millimeter wave signals. The invention completes the integrated design of the receiving and transmitting antenna of the millimeter wave product through the integrated design technology. The overall size and weight can be greatly reduced compared with conventional designs.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a millimeter wave product multi-beam transceiver antenna of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an integrated transceiver antenna design applicable to millimeter wave products in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of the steps of the integrated transceiver antenna of the present invention applicable to millimeter wave products;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a millimeter wave receiving antenna array structure according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a millimeter wave transmitting antenna array structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, contents and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention discloses an integrated receiving and transmitting antenna applicable to millimeter wave products, which comprises an omnidirectional receiving antenna unit, a receiving antenna unit and a receiving antenna unit, wherein the omnidirectional receiving antenna unit is used for capturing external radio signals omnidirectionally; an omni-directional transmitting antenna unit, which is implemented to radiate a generated radio signal; a switching network for selecting and transmitting the multiple captured radio signals; the millimeter wave front end unit realizes the moving and amplifying of the radio signal. Through the mode, the integrated and integrated design of the receiving and transmitting antenna is adopted, so that not only can the radio signals in the 360-degree direction be effectively captured, but also the light-weight requirement of equipment is met.
In order to overcome at least one defect or deficiency in the prior art, the invention provides an integrated transceiver antenna applicable to millimeter wave products, the integrated transceiver antenna adopts an integrated architecture based on unified millimeter wave transceiver antenna units, an antenna array adopts a horn antenna array with a plurality of narrow beams, high-gain detection and emission are realized, and wide airspace coverage is realized through switching of a switch array, so that the cost and the power consumption of equipment are reduced, and the light-weight requirement of the equipment is realized.
In order to achieve the beneficial effects, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in structural implementation, the integrated transceiver antenna includes: the device comprises an omnidirectional receiving antenna unit, an omnidirectional transmitting antenna unit, a first millimeter wave front end unit, a second millimeter wave front end unit and a switch network, wherein unit-level reconstruction solutions are respectively researched from the unit layers, and all parts are integrated together by adopting an integrated design technology, so that the lightweight design of millimeter wave products is realized.
The omni-directional receiving antenna unit includes: the omnidirectional receiving antenna array and the low noise amplifying module, the omnidirectional transmitting antenna unit comprises: an omni-directional transmitting antenna array;
the omnidirectional receiving antenna array is connected with the switch network through the low-noise amplifying module, and the omnidirectional transmitting antenna array is connected with the switch network through the first millimeter wave front end unit;
the switch network is connected with the second millimeter wave front end unit;
the switch network is composed of a 16-way receiving selection switch structure and a 4-way transmitting selection switch structure.
The antenna arrays in the omnidirectional receiving antenna unit and the omnidirectional transmitting antenna unit are respectively horn antenna arrays with a plurality of narrower wave beams, and the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are time-division gated by switching the switch structure in the switch network, so that the time-division coverage of a wide airspace is realized, and the requirements of capturing and radiating the radio signals in the millimeter wave frequency range in an omnidirectional manner can be met.
After the integrated design is adopted, the integrated receiving and transmitting antenna is divided into two integrated structures: millimeter wave receiving and transmitting integrated part and millimeter wave processing and controlling integrated part.
The millimeter wave transceiving integrated part includes: the omnidirectional receiving antenna array, the omnidirectional transmitting antenna unit, the low noise amplifier and the first millimeter wave front end unit are arranged, when the structure is designed, the low noise amplifier is directly connected to the omnidirectional receiving antenna array and then is arranged on one side of the top layer of the chassis of the integrated part, the omnidirectional transmitting antenna unit is directly arranged on the other side of the top layer of the chassis, the first millimeter wave front end unit and the chassis are arranged on the inner side of the chassis in a common structural design, and the chassis shell is used as the shell of the first millimeter wave front end unit, so that the integrated design is structurally adopted.
The millimeter wave processing control integration section includes: the switching network and the second millimeter wave front are integrated into one extension.
Example 1:
the invention will now be described in detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
(1) Multi-beam transceiver antenna principle
Firstly, in practical application, millimeter wave detection signals are possibly captured in various spatial distributions and are required to adapt to an atmospheric window of a millimeter wave frequency band, a conventional antenna and a conventional power amplifier cannot meet the radiation efficiency requirement of a full frequency band, meanwhile, the requirements of quick response speed and light volume of millimeter wave front ends in subsequent system design are considered, and a millimeter wave electronic switch is selected in the design to realize quick airspace switching so as to realize full airspace time-sharing coverage.
And secondly, as the millimeter wave frequency band signal has large space loss, the receiving system is required to have high sensitivity detection capability, and the switching loss can directly influence the sensitivity of the system, so that the omnidirectional receiving antenna unit cannot be directly connected with a switch, and the millimeter wave low-noise amplifier is required to be connected first, and then signals are selected and connected to a frequency conversion channel through a switch array.
Finally, for an omni-directional transmitting antenna unit, if a switch is connected after a power amplifier, the switching loss can affect the output power. Therefore, the microwave variable frequency signal is sent to the multipath millimeter wave power amplifier in the first millimeter wave front end unit through the switch array in the switch network, and then the generated radio signal is directly transmitted out through the antenna by the millimeter wave power amplifier.
After the above reasons are considered, a schematic block diagram of a design scheme of the multi-beam transceiver antenna of the millimeter wave product is shown in fig. 1. In the figure, the number of receiving antennas is N, the number of transmitting antennas is M, and in particular, the number of N and M are not particularly required, but the coverage area of the N receiving antennas is not more than the coverage area of the M transmitting antennas. The antenna array adopts a plurality of horn antenna arrays with narrower wave beams to realize wide space domain time-sharing coverage through a switch structure in a switch network, and adopts a mode of directly accessing a low noise amplifier or a power amplifier after receiving the antenna to realize low-loss signal capturing and signal radiation.
Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, a schematic diagram after an integrated design is adopted, the method is specifically divided into a millimeter wave transceiver integrated part and a millimeter wave processing control integrated part, so as to realize the light weight requirement of the product.
Fig. 3 is a working method of the integrated transceiver antenna applicable to millimeter wave products, which comprises the following steps:
s01, inputting radio signals received by receiving antennas in an omnidirectional receiving antenna array into a low-noise amplifier;
s02, the radio signal is processed through a low-noise amplifier to amplify the signal, improve the noise coefficient of the system and output the processed radio signal to a switch network;
s03, the switch network realizes the selection of the input radio signal according to a set switch switching mode, and outputs the selected radio signal to the second millimeter wave front end unit; and meanwhile, the switch network can receive the radio signal input by the second millimeter wave front end unit and distribute the radio signal.
S04, the millimeter wave front end unit has two basic functions, wherein the first millimeter wave front end unit has the function of carrying out frequency shifting and shaping on a received radio signal and carrying millimeter wave frequency to a lower frequency; the second millimeter wave front-end unit functions to shape and amplify the radio signal generated by the device and output the processed signal to the switching network.
S05, transmitting the radio signal output by the switch network to the omnidirectional transmitting antenna unit, and realizing radiation of the radio signal.
(2) Omnidirectional receive antenna array design
As shown in fig. 4, the omni-directional receiving antenna array adopts an antenna array with 16-element horn array elements, each horn antenna covers an airspace with an azimuth of 22.5 degrees, and an antenna output interface is a standard waveguide and is positioned at the bottom of the antenna. The normal gain of the array antenna is larger than 13dBi, and the sensitivity of the receiver is added, so that the high-sensitivity capturing requirement of millimeter wave signals can be met. By splicing four antenna arrays, full-airspace coverage of 360 degrees in azimuth can be realized.
(3) Omnidirectional transmitting antenna unit design
The omni-directional transmitting antenna array does not need frequent airspace switching in practical application, so the omni-directional transmitting antenna array adopts 4-quadrant allocation and realizes full airspace coverage by 4 array elements. The design according to the 4-quadrant principle is also beneficial to expanding to different platforms. Fig. 5 shows a transmitting antenna array using 4-element horn antennas, each horn antenna covers 90 ° azimuth, the antenna output interface is a BJ320 standard waveguide, and is located at the bottom of the antenna, the gain of the array antenna is greater than 4dBi, and the solid-state power amplifier with high radiation power is selected, so that the related design can meet the requirements of high power, wide space and the like.
Example 2:
an integrated transceiver antenna applicable to millimeter wave products, comprising:
omnidirectional receiving antenna unit: the method comprises the steps of performing omnidirectional capturing on external radio signals;
millimeter wave front unit: the method comprises the steps of carrying out signal movement on an external radio signal and amplifying the generated radio signal;
switching network: it realizes the distribution and transmission of radio signals;
an omni-directional transmitting antenna unit radiating the generated radio signal;
the front-end unit comprises a millimeter wave power amplifier and a millimeter wave frequency conversion part;
the omnidirectional receiving antenna unit comprises an omnidirectional receiving antenna array and a low-noise amplifying module.
Further, S01, inputting a radio signal received by a receiving antenna into a low noise amplifier;
s02, the radio signal is processed through a low-noise amplifier, so that signal amplification is realized, the noise coefficient of the system is improved, and the processed radio signal is output to a switch network;
s03, the switch network controls the switch of the switch according to the set measurement, so that the input radio signal is selected, the selected radio signal is output to the front-end unit, and meanwhile, the switch network can receive the radio signal input by the front-end unit and distribute the radio signal.
S04, the millimeter wave front end unit has two basic functions, wherein the first millimeter wave front end unit has the function of carrying out frequency shifting and shaping on a received radio signal and carrying millimeter wave frequency to a lower frequency; the second millimeter wave front-end unit functions to shape and amplify the radio signal generated by the device and output the processed signal to the switching network.
S05, transmitting the radio signal output by the switch network to an omnidirectional transmitting antenna unit to radiate the radio signal
The invention completes the integrated design of the receiving and transmitting antenna of the millimeter wave product through the integrated design technology. The overall size and weight can be greatly reduced compared with conventional designs.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting antenna integrated design technology, designs the millimeter wave multi-beam receiving and transmitting antenna, the millimeter wave front end (low noise amplifier or power amplifier) and the switch network with high density, and directly connects the low noise amplifier to the omnidirectional receiving antenna array, then installs the low noise amplifier on one side of the top layer of the chassis of the integrated part, the omnidirectional transmitting antenna unit is directly installed on the other side of the top layer of the chassis, the first millimeter wave front end unit and the chassis are in common structure design and installed on the inner side of the chassis, thereby greatly reducing the volume and weight of the antenna array, simultaneously reducing the cable connection loss between the antenna and the front end, and ensuring the high sensitivity capturing and high gain radiation to millimeter wave signals.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. An integrated transceiver antenna for millimeter wave products, comprising: the device comprises an omni-directional receiving antenna unit, an omni-directional transmitting antenna unit, a first millimeter wave front end unit, a second millimeter wave front end unit and a switch network;
the omni-directional receiving antenna unit includes: an omnidirectional receiving antenna array and a low noise amplifying module;
the omni-directional transmitting antenna unit includes: an omni-directional transmitting antenna array;
the omnidirectional receiving antenna array is connected with the switch network through the low-noise amplifying module, and the omnidirectional transmitting antenna array is connected with the switch network through the first millimeter wave front end unit;
the switch network is connected with the second millimeter wave front end unit;
the switch network consists of a receiving selection switch structure and a transmitting selection switch structure;
the antenna arrays in the omnidirectional receiving antenna unit and the omnidirectional transmitting antenna unit are respectively a plurality of horn antenna arrays with narrower wave beams, and the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are time-division gated by switching a switch structure in a switch network, so that time-division coverage of a wide airspace is realized;
the integrated receiving and transmitting antenna is divided into two integrated structures: a millimeter wave receiving and transmitting integrated part and a millimeter wave processing and controlling integrated part;
the millimeter wave transceiving integrated part includes: the device comprises an omnidirectional receiving antenna array, an omnidirectional transmitting antenna unit, a low-noise amplifier and a first millimeter wave front end unit, wherein the low-noise amplifier is directly connected to the omnidirectional receiving antenna array and then is arranged on one side of the top layer of a chassis of the integrated part, the omnidirectional transmitting antenna unit is directly arranged on the other side of the top layer of the chassis, the first millimeter wave front end unit and the chassis are in common structural design, and are arranged on the inner side of the chassis, and the chassis shell is used as a shell of the first millimeter wave front end unit;
the millimeter wave processing control integration section includes: the switching network and the second millimeter wave front-end unit are integrated into one extension.
2. The integrated transceiver antenna for millimeter wave products of claim 1, wherein the switching network employs millimeter wave electronic switches to achieve fast spatial switching.
3. The integrated transceiver antenna for millimeter wave products of claim 1, wherein the omnidirectional receiving antenna array is followed by a millimeter wave low noise amplifier, and then the signal is routed to the frequency conversion channel through the switch array.
4. The integrated transceiver antenna for millimeter wave products of claim 1, wherein the microwave variable frequency signal is sent to the multiple millimeter wave power amplifier in the first millimeter wave front end unit through the switch array in the switch network, and the generated radio signal is directly transmitted out through the antenna by the millimeter wave power amplifier.
5. The integrated transceiver antenna for millimeter wave products of claim 1, wherein the number of receiving antennas is N, the number of transmitting antennas is M, and the coverage area of the N receiving antennas is less than or equal to the coverage area of the M transmitting antennas.
6. The integrated transceiver antenna for millimeter wave products as defined in claim 5, wherein the antenna array employs a plurality of horn antenna arrays with narrower beams to achieve wide spatial-domain time-sharing coverage through a switching structure in the switching network.
7. The integrated transceiver antenna for millimeter wave products of claim 5, wherein the omnidirectional receiving antenna array adopts an antenna array of 16-element horn array elements, each horn antenna covers a space domain with an azimuth of 22.5 degrees, the antenna output interface is a standard waveguide and is positioned at the bottom of the antenna, and the antenna array is spliced to realize the full space domain coverage with the azimuth of 360 degrees.
8. The integrated transceiver antenna for millimeter wave products of claim 7, wherein the omni-directional transmitting antenna array is a 4-quadrant distributed transmitting antenna array with 4-element horn antennas, each horn antenna covers 90 ° azimuth, the antenna output interface is a BJ320 standard waveguide, and the antenna output interface is located at the bottom of the antenna.
9. The integrated transceiving antenna applicable to millimeter wave products as recited in claim 8, wherein the switching network is comprised of a 16-way receive selection switch structure and a 4-way transmit selection switch structure.
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