CN217561727U - Radar and unmanned aerial vehicle - Google Patents

Radar and unmanned aerial vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN217561727U
CN217561727U CN202220900796.6U CN202220900796U CN217561727U CN 217561727 U CN217561727 U CN 217561727U CN 202220900796 U CN202220900796 U CN 202220900796U CN 217561727 U CN217561727 U CN 217561727U
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antenna array
radar
receiving
antenna
transmitting
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马留涛
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Shenzhen Saifang Technology Co ltd
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Autel Intelligent Automobile Corp Ltd
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Abstract

The utility model relates to a signal transceiver technical field especially relates to a radar and unmanned aerial vehicle, and the radar includes sensor main part, receiving antenna array and transmitting antenna array, and receiving antenna array includes a plurality of receiving antenna array unit, and each receiving antenna array unit links to each other with the receiving port of sensor main part respectively; the transmitting antenna array comprises two transmitting antenna array units which are arranged in parallel with the receiving antenna array units, each transmitting antenna array unit is respectively connected with the transmitting port of the sensor main body, and the transmitting aperture of the transmitting antenna array is 1-1.5 lambda larger than the receiving aperture of the receiving antenna array; the sensor main part is used for carrying out virtual aperture processing to digital signal after receiving the digital signal that receiving antenna array received, forms virtual antenna array at the receive port to increase the receiving aperture of radar, improve radar antenna's gain, in order to satisfy unmanned aerial vehicle to the requirement of volume, quality and the detection performance of radar.

Description

Radar and unmanned aerial vehicle
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a signal transceiver technical field especially relates to a radar and unmanned aerial vehicle.
Background
The existing unmanned aerial vehicle generally adopts a camera to be positioned in combination with a vision algorithm, and because the detection distance of the camera is short, the accuracy is poor, the influence of weather environment is large, and the vision algorithm is complex, errors are easy to occur when a target is detected and positioned.
Outstanding sensor in radar is surveyed and is fixed a position as the target, has received the wide application in car intelligence driver assistance, but because unmanned aerial vehicle is strict to whole volume and quality requirement to need possess good detection performance, and current radar can't satisfy volume, quality requirement and detection performance requirement simultaneously, therefore the unable wide application in unmanned aerial vehicle of radar.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a radar and unmanned aerial vehicle can make the radar satisfy small, the quality is light in the time, still possesses good detection performance.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the utility model discloses a technical scheme that embodiment adopted is: providing a radar, wherein the radar comprises a sensor main body, a receiving antenna array and a transmitting antenna array, the receiving antenna array comprises a plurality of receiving antenna array units, and each receiving antenna array unit is respectively connected with a receiving port of the sensor main body; the transmitting antenna array comprises two transmitting antenna array units which are arranged in parallel with the receiving antenna array units, each transmitting antenna array unit is respectively connected with a transmitting port of the sensor main body, the transmitting aperture of the transmitting antenna array is 1-1.5 lambda larger than the receiving aperture of the receiving antenna array, and lambda is the antenna wavelength; the sensor main body is used for performing virtual aperture processing on the digital signal after receiving the digital signal received by the receiving antenna array, and forming a virtual antenna array at the receiving port.
In some embodiments, the distance between adjacent receiving antenna array units is 1.5-2 λ, where λ is the antenna wavelength; the virtual aperture of the virtual antenna array is equal to twice the receiving aperture and is added with 1-1.5 lambda.
In some embodiments, the number of the receiving antenna array units is four, and the distances between adjacent receiving antenna array units are 1.5 λ, 2 λ and 2 λ in sequence.
In some embodiments, the spacing between two of the transmit antenna array elements is 6.5 λ.
In some embodiments, the radar further includes a dielectric plate, and the sensor body, the receiving antenna array, and the transmitting antenna array are disposed on the dielectric plate.
In some embodiments, an isolation dummy antenna is disposed between adjacent receiving antenna array elements.
In some embodiments, the edge of the dielectric plate is provided with a via hole, and the isolated dummy antenna is grounded through the via hole.
In some embodiments, the receive antenna array elements and the transmit antenna array elements each comprise two microstrip comb antenna elements connected at one end.
In some embodiments, the microstrip comb antenna element H-plane directional pattern employs chebyshev windowing function synthesis, taylor distribution, or binomial distribution; the microstrip comb-shaped antenna unit comprises a microstrip line and a plurality of patches; the plurality of patches are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the microstrip line; the distance between the adjacent patches is 0.5 lambda.
The utility model discloses another technical scheme that embodiment adopted is: there is provided a drone comprising a radar as described above.
Be different from the condition of correlation technique, the utility model discloses radar and unmanned aerial vehicle carries out virtual aperture through the digital signal to receiving antenna array receipt and handles, forms virtual antenna array at the receiving port to on the basis that does not change actual antenna quantity and bore, realize the increase more than one time of receiving bore of radar receiving port promotes the SNR of radar to increase substantially radar antenna's gain, make radar antenna's radio frequency detection distance obtains the promotion of very big degree, can effectively satisfy unmanned aerial vehicle right radar's volume, quality and exploration performance's requirement.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a radar according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a radar according to an embodiment of the present invention in which a receiving antenna array is converted into a virtual antenna array;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a microstrip comb antenna unit in a radar according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a single loop channel transmit-receive incoherent combined radiation H-plane directional diagram of a radar according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an array factor-60 ° scan pattern of a virtual antenna array of a radar of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an array factor-30 ° scan pattern of a virtual antenna array of a radar of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an array factor 0 ° scan pattern of a virtual antenna array of a radar of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is an array factor 30 ° scan pattern of a virtual antenna array of a radar in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is an array factor 60 ° scan pattern of a virtual antenna array of a radar in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the specific examples are as follows:
100. a radar;
1. a dielectric plate; 11. a via hole; 12. positioning holes;
2. a sensor body;
3. receiving an antenna array; 31. receiving an antenna array unit;
4. a transmit antenna array; 41. a transmit antenna array unit;
5. a virtual antenna array;
7. a microstrip comb antenna unit; 71. a microstrip line; 72. pasting a piece;
8. the dummy antenna is isolated.
Detailed Description
To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
If the existing radar wants to ensure good detection performance, the antenna aperture needs to be increased so as to improve the antenna gain and the radio frequency detection distance, and the increase of the antenna aperture can correspondingly increase the whole volume of the radar, so that the quality is increased. If want to guarantee small volume, light weight, just need reduce the antenna bore, and reduce the corresponding radar detection performance that can make of antenna bore and reduce, can't satisfy the required requirement of equipment (for example unmanned aerial vehicle).
In order to solve the above problem, as shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a radar 100, where the radar 100 includes a dielectric plate 1, a sensor main body 2, a receiving antenna array 3, and a transmitting antenna array 4, and the sensor main body 2, the receiving antenna array 3, and the transmitting antenna array 4 are all disposed on the dielectric plate 1, so as to fix the sensor main body 2, the receiving antenna array 3, and the transmitting antenna array 4, and facilitate the overall movement and installation of the radar 100; the receiving antenna array 3 is configured to receive a signal, where the receiving antenna array 3 includes a plurality of receiving antenna array units 31, and each receiving antenna array unit 31 is connected to a receiving port of the sensor main body 2; the transmitting antenna array 4 is configured to transmit signals, the transmitting antenna array 4 includes two transmitting antenna array units 41 arranged in parallel with the receiving antenna array units 31, and each transmitting antenna array unit 41 is connected to a transmitting port of the sensor main body 2; the sensor main body 2 is configured to perform virtual aperture processing on the digital signal after receiving the digital signal received by the receiving antenna array 3, and form a virtual antenna array 5 at the receiving port. Through setting up a plurality of receive antenna array unit 31 and two transmit antenna array unit 41 constitutes the MIMO array of many inputs and two outputs, handles and utilizes virtual aperture technique through digital signal radar 100 receiving terminal forms virtual antenna array 5 to on the basis that does not change actual antenna quantity and bore, realize the increase more than one time of receiving bore of radar 100 receiving port promotes radar 100's SNR to improve radar 100's gain by a wide margin, make radar 100's antenna's radio frequency detection distance obtains the promotion of very big degree, can effectively satisfy unmanned aerial vehicle right radar 100's volume, quality and exploration performance's requirement.
For the dielectric plate 1, the size of the dielectric plate 1 is set to 30mm × 35mm, and a Rogers (Rogers) RO3003 (tm) plate material suitable for designing a 77GHz-81GHz frequency band millimeter wave antenna is adopted, the dielectric constant of the dielectric plate 1 in a 78GHz frequency band is 3.16, the thickness of the dielectric plate 1 is set to 0.127mm, and the thickness of surface copper is set to 20 μm, so that the receiving and transmitting stability of the radar 100 antenna is improved. Optionally, via holes 11 are arranged around the dielectric slab 1 and are metalized grounding via holes 11 to suppress surface waves, and optionally, the diameter of the via holes 11 is 0.2mm. Optionally, positioning holes 12 are formed in four corners of the dielectric plate 1 to fix the dielectric plate 1, and the diameter of each positioning hole 12 is 3mm.
As for the sensor main body 2, as shown in fig. 1, the sensor main body 2 includes Tx1 and Tx2 ports connected to two transmit antenna array units 41 one to one, and forms two transmit channels; the sensor main body 2 further comprises Rx1, rx2, rx3 and Rx4 ports which are respectively connected with the plurality of receiving antenna array units 31 in a one-to-one mode to form four receiving channels, the two transmitting channels and the four receiving channels jointly form a four-input two-output MIMO array, and a virtual antenna array 5 is formed at a receiving end through digital signal processing and virtual aperture technology, so that the radar 100 meets the installation size of an unmanned aerial vehicle platform, the receiving aperture is increased, the gain is improved, and the detection capability and the detection distance of the radar 100 are effectively improved. Optionally, the sensor body 2 adopts an Awr1863 radar 100 sensor.
As for the receiving antenna array unit 31, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a distance d1 between adjacent receiving antenna array units 31 is 1.5 to 2 λ, where λ is an antenna wavelength, a transmitting aperture d2 of the transmitting antenna array 4 is 1 to 1.5 λ larger than a receiving aperture d3 of the receiving antenna array 3, and a virtual aperture d4 of the virtual antenna array 5 is equal to twice the receiving aperture plus 1 to 1.5 λ, that is, d4=2d3+ (d 2-d 3). The distance d1 between the adjacent receiving antenna array units 31 is set to be 1.5-2 lambda, and the transmitting aperture d2 is set to be 1-1.5 lambda larger than the receiving aperture d3, so that the virtual aperture d4 of the virtual antenna array 5 formed by the receiving end of the radar 100 is two times larger than the original receiving antenna aperture d3, thereby realizing the increase of the antenna aperture of the receiving port of the radar 100 by more than one time on the basis of not changing the number and the aperture of actual antennas, and greatly improving the radio frequency detection distance of the radar 100 antenna.
As shown in fig. 1, the number of the receiving antenna array units 31 is four, and the distances between adjacent receiving antenna array units 31 are 1.5 λ, 2 λ and 2 λ in sequence. The receiving antenna array 3 is arranged in a sparse array (i.e. the distances between adjacent receiving antenna array units 31 are not all equal), so as to improve the problem of mutual coupling caused by too small distance between the receiving antenna array units 31.
As shown in fig. 1, an isolation dummy antenna is disposed between adjacent receiving antenna array units 31, the isolation dummy antenna is not connected to the sensor body 2, and the isolation dummy antenna is used for grounding, so as to improve the isolation between the receiving antenna array units 31 and suppress surface waves; optionally, the isolation dummy antenna is grounded through the via hole 11 on the dielectric plate 1.
For the above-mentioned transmit antenna array unit 41, as shown in fig. 1, the distance between two transmit antenna array units 41 is 6.5 λ. The four receiving antenna array units 31 and the two transmitting antenna array units 41 together form a four-input two-output MIMO array, and the receiving end of the radar 100 forms the virtual antenna array 5 by digital signal processing and virtual aperture technology, as shown in fig. 2, in the virtual antenna array 5, the aperture of the receiving antenna array 3 is 5.5 λ (1.5 λ +2 λ +2 λ =5.5 λ), and the aperture of the virtual antenna array 5 reaches 12 λ ((1.5 λ +2 λ +2 λ) × 2+ (6.5 λ -5.5 λ) =12 λ), that is, the aperture of the virtual antenna array 5 is 2.1 times the aperture of the receiving antenna array 3, so that the antenna aperture of the receiving port of the radar 100 is increased by more than one time, the signal-to-noise ratio of the radar 100 is increased, the gain of the radar 100 antenna is increased greatly, the radio frequency detection distance of the radar 100 antenna is increased to a great extent, the angular resolution is increased, and the requirements on the volume, the quality, and the detection performance of the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 can be satisfied.
As shown in fig. 3, the receiving antenna array unit 31 and the transmitting antenna array unit 41 each include two microstrip comb antenna units 7 connected at one end. Microstrip comb antenna unit 7 has characteristics small, that the quality is light and the section is low, more does benefit to and satisfies required small volume and lightweight requirement when radar 100 is applied to the unmanned aerial vehicle platform.
For the microstrip comb-shaped antenna unit 7, an H-plane directional pattern of the microstrip comb-shaped antenna unit 7 adopts chebyshev windowing function synthesis, taylor distribution, binomial distribution or the like to realize a low sidelobe level; the microstrip comb antenna unit 7 includes a microstrip line 71 and a plurality of patches 72.
Here, a plane parallel to the electric field direction is referred to as an E-plane, and a plane perpendicular to the electric field direction is referred to as an H-plane.
As for the above-described microstrip line 71, as shown in fig. 3, the microstrip line 71 is used to connect the patch 72 and the sensor body 2, thereby enabling the patch 72 to transmit or receive a signal.
For the above patches 72, as shown in fig. 3, a plurality of patches 72 are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the microstrip line 71, the patches 72 are mirror-symmetric along the central axis of the microstrip comb antenna unit 7, and the distance between adjacent patches 72 is 0.5 λ.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the number of the patches 72 is 10, and along the extending direction perpendicular to the microstrip line 71, the width ratio of the patches 72 is, in order: 0.54; the maximum width of the patch 72 is 1.35mm. Therefore, the H-side lobe level of the antenna is ensured to be less than-16 dB, and the anti-interference capability of the antenna is improved, as shown in fig. 4.
Each item of data of the antenna in the radar 100 provided by the embodiment of the present invention is explained by a simulation experiment, according to the directional diagram product principle, the radar 100 single-loop path directional diagram is a directional diagram after incoherent combination of a transmitting antenna directional diagram and a receiving antenna directional diagram, and an antenna FOV (Field of View, detection View angle range) of the radar 100 single-loop path directional diagram is defined as a beam width when the maximum gain is reduced by 12 dB. Please refer to fig. 4 to fig. 9.
Fig. 4 is a single loop path transmit-receive incoherent combined radiation H-plane directional diagram of the radar 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which the abscissa is an angle θ, theta [ deg ]; the ordinate is the Gain, gain [ dB ].
As can be seen from fig. 4, the H-plane gain of the microstrip comb-shaped antenna unit 7 is 31.3dB; the antenna FOV is defined as the beam width at which the maximum gain drops by 12dB, and the angles at which the left and right sides of the main lobe drop by 12dB in fig. 4 are-30 ° and 28 °, respectively, then the single transmit receive channel antenna FOV is 58 ° with a larger FOV.
Can know by figure 4, the side lobe level of microstrip comb antenna unit 7's H face is less than-16 dB, then the utility model discloses radar 100 has reduced the side lobe level of perpendicular face, suppresses the interference of sidelobe noise, promotes microstrip comb antenna unit 7's interference killing feature.
Taking the four-channel receiving antenna array 3 as an example, fig. 5 to 9 are array factor scanning patterns of the virtual antenna array 5 of the radar 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, in this embodiment, the array factor of the virtual antenna array 5 is DBF (Digital Beam Forming) scanned, and the scanning directions are respectively 0 °, ± 30 ° and ± 60 °, wherein the abscissa is the angle θ, theta [ deg ]; the ordinate is the Gain, gain [ dB ].
As can be seen from fig. 5 to 9, the array factor of the virtual antenna array 5 is DBF scanned at ± 30 ° and ± 60 °, and the grating lobe size is always lower than the main lobe by 3dB within ± 60 °, so that the array factor is defined by the FOV, and the array factor is not blurred by angle measurement, and the FOV of the array factor is 120 °.
When the virtual array factor is used for DBF scanning, the angle with the grating lobe higher than the main lobe is called a non-fuzzy angle when the radar 100 is used for DOA (Direction Of Arrival) estimation, and the FOV indicates that the DOA angle is larger than 120 degrees, the larger the DOA angle is, the larger the non-fuzzy angle Of the radar 100 is, and the larger the non-fuzzy angle is, the larger the FOV Of an antenna is, the angle-resolution fuzzy design does not need to be considered when the radar 100 system is designed, namely, the angle-resolution fuzzy does not need to be considered when the algorithm is designed, so that the algorithm cost is saved, and the DOA calibration efficiency is improved.
The FOV of radar 100 comprises antenna FOV and array factor's FOV jointly, because array factor presents wide FOV phenomenon, then radar 100FOV is mainly influenced by antenna FOV, and radar 100FOV is the FOV of antenna promptly, the utility model discloses radar 100FOV of embodiment is 58.
An embodiment of the utility model provides an unmanned aerial vehicle is still provided, unmanned aerial vehicle includes radar 100. The unmanned aerial vehicle can meet the requirements of the unmanned aerial vehicle on the volume, the mass and the detection performance of the radar 100 by adopting the radar 100 for detection and positioning; and compare in the unmanned aerial vehicle that adopts the camera to combine visual algorithm to fix a position now, radar 100 surveys and fixes a position more accurately, receives environment and external factor to influence for a short time to can effectively promote the intelligent degree of unmanned aerial vehicle flight and control.
The utility model discloses radar 100 and unmanned aerial vehicle of embodiment, through carrying out virtual aperture to the digital signal that receiving antenna array 3 received and handling, form virtual antenna array 5 at the receiving port to on the basis that does not change actual antenna quantity and bore, realize the increase more than one time of the antenna bore of radar 100 receiving port, promote the SNR of radar 100, and improve the gain of radar 100 antenna by a wide margin, make the radio frequency detection distance of radar 100 antenna obtain promotion of very big degree, can effectively satisfy unmanned aerial vehicle to the requirement of radar 100's volume, quality and detection performance; moreover, a H-plane directional diagram of the antenna is synthesized by adopting a Chebyshev windowing function, so that the level of a vertical plane side lobe is reduced, the interference of side lobe noise is inhibited, and the anti-interference capability of the microstrip comb-shaped antenna unit 7 is improved.
It should be noted that the preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the specification and the drawings, but the present invention can be realized in many different forms, and is not limited to the embodiments described in the specification, which are not intended as additional limitations to the present invention, and are provided for the purpose of making the understanding of the present disclosure more thorough and complete. Moreover, the above technical features are combined with each other to form various embodiments which are not listed above, and all the embodiments are regarded as the scope of the present invention; further, modifications and variations may be suggested to those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings, and it is intended to cover all such modifications and variations as fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A radar, comprising:
a sensor body;
the receiving antenna array comprises a plurality of receiving antenna array units, and each receiving antenna array unit is connected with a receiving port of the sensor main body respectively;
the transmitting antenna array comprises two transmitting antenna array units which are arranged in parallel with the receiving antenna array units, each transmitting antenna array unit is respectively connected with a transmitting port of the sensor main body, the transmitting aperture of the transmitting antenna array is 1-1.5 lambda larger than the receiving aperture of the receiving antenna array, and lambda is the antenna wavelength;
the sensor main body is used for performing virtual aperture processing on the digital signal after receiving the digital signal received by the receiving antenna array, and forming a virtual antenna array at the receiving port.
2. The radar of claim 1 wherein the spacing between adjacent receive antenna array elements is between 1.5 and 2 λ, where λ is the antenna wavelength; the virtual aperture of the virtual antenna array is equal to two times of the receiving aperture and is added with 1-1.5 lambda.
3. The radar of claim 2 wherein the number of receive antenna array elements is four and the spacing between adjacent receive antenna array elements is 1.5 λ, 2 λ and 2 λ, respectively.
4. A radar as claimed in claim 3 wherein the spacing between two transmit antenna array elements is 6.5 λ.
5. The radar of claim 1, further comprising a dielectric plate, wherein the sensor body, the receive antenna array, and the transmit antenna array are disposed on the dielectric plate.
6. The radar of claim 5 wherein an isolating dummy antenna is disposed between adjacent receive antenna array elements.
7. Radar according to claim 6, characterised in that the dielectric plate is provided with a via at its edge, through which the isolating dummy antenna is connected to ground.
8. Radar according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the receive antenna array elements and the transmit antenna array elements each comprise two microstrip comb antenna elements connected at one end.
9. Radar according to claim 8,
the H-plane directional diagram of the microstrip comb-shaped antenna unit adopts Chebyshev windowing function synthesis, taylor distribution or binomial distribution;
the microstrip comb-shaped antenna unit comprises a microstrip line and a plurality of patches;
the plurality of patches are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the microstrip line;
the distance between the adjacent patches is 0.5 lambda.
10. A drone, characterized in that it comprises a radar according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202220900796.6U 2022-04-18 2022-04-18 Radar and unmanned aerial vehicle Active CN217561727U (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113777609A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-12-10 深圳市道通智能汽车有限公司 Radar and unmanned aerial vehicle

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113777609A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-12-10 深圳市道通智能汽车有限公司 Radar and unmanned aerial vehicle

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Address after: 518055 401, Building B1, Nanshan Zhiyuan, No. 1001, Xueyuan Avenue, Changyuan Community, Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong

Patentee after: Shenzhen Saifang Technology Co.,Ltd.

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Patentee before: Shenzhen Daotong Intelligent Automobile Co.,Ltd.