CN111464192B - Digital-analog hybrid cylindrical phased-array antenna for ad hoc network communication - Google Patents
Digital-analog hybrid cylindrical phased-array antenna for ad hoc network communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN111464192B CN111464192B CN202010269198.9A CN202010269198A CN111464192B CN 111464192 B CN111464192 B CN 111464192B CN 202010269198 A CN202010269198 A CN 202010269198A CN 111464192 B CN111464192 B CN 111464192B
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- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/0003—Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain
- H04B1/0007—Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain wherein the AD/DA conversion occurs at radiofrequency or intermediate frequency stage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
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- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0408—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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Abstract
The invention relates to a digital analog hybrid cylindrical phased array antenna for ad hoc network communication, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and antennas. The antenna comprises an antenna array surface, n m-channel TR assemblies and modules such as intermediate frequency acquisition processing, digital multi-beam forming processing, beam control, modulation and demodulation and the like, wherein each channel of the TR assemblies is provided with k output branches; the antenna array surface is formed by m multiplied by k multiplied by n antenna array elements which are arranged in a rectangular mode by taking the circumferential direction as a row and taking the axial direction as a column, the antenna array surface is equally divided into k regions in the circumferential direction, k branches of each channel of the TR component are correspondingly connected with k array elements in different regions one by one, and the ith TR component is just connected with the ith array element in each region. The invention has the advantages of large capacity, high speed, good anti-interference and anti-interception capabilities, improves the performance of the ad hoc network communication system and expands the application range of ad hoc network communication products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and antennas, and particularly relates to a digital analog hybrid cylindrical phased array antenna for ad hoc network communication.
Background
The ad hoc network communication generally adopts an omnidirectional antenna to complete the transmission and the reception of electromagnetic waves, and the omnidirectional antenna has the advantages that signals can be received in each direction, but has the defects of low antenna gain, interference resistance and poor interception resistance; the application and popularization of the ad hoc network communication system are strictly limited.
At present, under the condition that the installation height of antennas of some special platforms (such as airborne platforms) is strictly required, in order to improve the performance of the existing ad hoc network communication system and improve the communication distance and the communication capacity of the system, a communication antenna with high gain, interference resistance and interception resistance is required to be selected. However, such devices are lacking in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provide a digital-analog hybrid cylindrical phased array antenna for ad hoc network communication, where the antenna adopts a cylindrical digital-analog hybrid array antenna architecture, has the characteristics of high gain and strong interference resistance, and can flexibly and simultaneously form multiple beams and flexibly scan and control the beams.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a digital analog hybrid cylindrical phased array antenna for ad hoc network communication comprises a cylindrical antenna array surface 1, n m-channel dual intermediate frequency analog digital hybrid TR components 3, an intermediate frequency acquisition processing module 4, a digital multi-beam forming processing module 5, a beam control module 6, a modulation and demodulation unit 7, a clock and synchronization network 12, a first local oscillator 9, a first local oscillator power distribution network 8, a second local oscillator 11 and a second local oscillator power distribution network 10, wherein each channel of the TR components 3 is provided with k output branches; the cylindrical antenna array surface 1 is composed of m multiplied by k multiplied by n antenna array elements which are arranged in a rectangular manner by taking the circumferential direction of a cylinder as a row and the axial direction of the cylinder as a column, wherein the row number is m, the column number is k multiplied by n, the distances between adjacent rows are equal, and the distances between adjacent columns are equal; the cylindrical antenna array surface is equally divided into k regions in the circumferential direction, k branches of each channel of the TR component are correspondingly connected with k array elements in different regions one by one, the ith TR component is just connected with the ith array element in each region, each TR component is connected with the intermediate frequency acquisition and processing module 4, the digital multi-beam forming and processing module 5, the beam control module 6 and the modulation and demodulation unit 7 are sequentially connected, the clock and synchronization network 12 is used for providing clock signals, and the first local oscillator 9 and the second local oscillator 11 are respectively connected with each TR component through the corresponding first local oscillator power division network 8 and the corresponding second local oscillator power division network 10 and are used for providing local oscillator signals for double intermediate frequencies of the TR component; n, m and k are all more than 2, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n;
when receiving signals, electromagnetic wave signals from the space are received through the antenna array surface 1, the received signals enter the TR component 3 after being gated through a switch, a receiving channel of the TR component 3 performs low-noise amplification and down-conversion on the signals, and two paths of intermediate frequency signals are output to the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module 4 at the rear end to be subjected to AD sampling processing and are converted into digital signals; the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module 4 sends the digital signals to a digital multi-beam forming processing module 5 at the rear end for receiving digital beam forming processing to form beams; the formed wave beam is controlled by the wave beam control module 6 and then sent to the modulation and demodulation unit 7 at the rear end for demodulation processing, and communication demodulation is completed;
when the signal is transmitted, the modulation signal from the modulation and demodulation unit 7 is controlled by the beam control module 6 and then sent to the digital multi-beam forming processing module 5 for digital beam forming processing, and each path of input signal is sent to the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module 4 for DA signal transmission processing after being processed, so that each pair of input digital signals is converted into an output analog intermediate frequency signal; the analog intermediate frequency signals are respectively sent to the corresponding TR assemblies 3, the TR assemblies 3 carry out up-conversion and power amplification on the signals, and finally the amplified signals are sent to the corresponding array elements through switch gating so as to be emitted to the space.
Further, the TR component 3 is an active TR component, and includes an intermediate frequency band pass filter 13, a first frequency converter 14, a second frequency converter 15, a radio frequency band pass filter 18, a divide-by-m power divider, a numerical control attenuator 19, a numerical control phase shifter 20, a first transmit-receive switch 21-1, a power amplifier 22, a low noise amplifier 23, a limiter 24, a second transmit-receive switch 21-2, a radio frequency band pass filter 25, a coupling calibration network 26, m single-pole k-throw switches 27, and a power supply and monitoring interface 38;
when a signal is transmitted, two paths of intermediate frequency signals are respectively up-converted to radio frequency through corresponding frequency converters, then enter a one-m power divider to divide the signal into m paths after passing through a band-pass filter 18, and each path of signal is sequentially transmitted to a corresponding array element through a numerical control attenuator 19, a numerical control phase shifter 20, a first transceiving selector switch 21-1, a power amplifier 22, a second transceiving selector switch 21-2, a radio frequency band-pass filter 25 and a coupling calibration network 26 and then transmitted out through gating of a single-pole k-throw switch 27;
when receiving signals, the signals are gated and received by a single-pole k-throw switch 27, then sequentially pass through a coupling calibration network 26, a radio frequency band-pass filter 25 and a second receiving and transmitting change-over switch 21-2, then enter an amplitude limiter 24 and a low-noise amplifier 23 of a receiving channel, are amplified, then are sent to a numerical control phase shifter 20 and a numerical control attenuator 19 through a first receiving and transmitting change-over switch 21-1, are synthesized by m paths, then are sent to a first frequency converter and a second frequency converter through a band radio frequency band-pass filter 18 to become intermediate frequency signals, and finally are sent to an intermediate frequency acquisition processing module 4 at the rear end.
Further, the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module 4 comprises a first AD9361 chip 29 containing ADC and DAC conversion and a first FPGA chip 30; the first AD9361 chip is used for realizing the acquisition and processing of intermediate frequency signals and the digital-to-analog conversion and emission processing of baseband signals; the first FPGA chip 30 is configured to control the first AD9361 chip 29 and control signal transmission with the digital multi-beam forming processing module 5.
Further, the digital multi-beam forming processing module 5 is used for completing beam forming in a digital domain, and includes a second FPGA chip 31, a third FPGA chip 32, a high-speed interface switching chip, and a first optical module (33); the digital multi-beam forming processing module 5 performs weight calculation and beam forming processing on signals transmitted from the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module 4 in a second FPGA chip (31) and a third FPGA chip (32) to obtain beam data, and then transmits the formed beam data to the beam control module 6 at the rear end through a first optical module (33).
Further, the beam control module 6 includes a second optical module 34, a third optical module 36, and a fourth FPGA chip 35; the second optical module 34 is configured to receive data from the digital multi-beam forming processing module 5 through an optical fiber, the third optical module 36 is configured to transmit the data to the modem unit 7 through the optical fiber, and the fourth FPGA chip 35 is configured to perform local oscillation control, beam control, and data transmission.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the digital analog hybrid cylindrical phased array antenna adopts high-gain directional narrow-beam receiving and transmitting, and has high capacity, high speed rate and good anti-interference and anti-interception capabilities compared with an omnidirectional antenna adopted by the traditional ad hoc network communication.
2. The digital-analog hybrid cylindrical phased array antenna has high gain capability, flexibility and simultaneous multi-beam forming capability.
3. The invention adopts the multichannel double intermediate frequency analog-digital mixed TR component, can realize the pitching analog beam control and the azimuth digital beam control, and reduces the cost while ensuring the performance.
4. Furthermore, the single-pole multi-handle switch is arranged in the TR component, and can switch the connection with different antenna array elements, thereby realizing the connection of the array elements in a multi-region, completing the switching control of beams in a range of 360 degrees of the direction, reducing the number of the TR components and reducing the system cost and power consumption.
5. The azimuth direction of the invention can adopt a digital domain to carry out beam forming, and the invention has flexible beam scanning and control capability on the digit, and has fast beam scanning speed and high control precision.
6. When the method is actually used, the number of the wave beams can be flexibly increased under the condition of not increasing hardware resources, and the system expansion capability is strong.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a digital-analog hybrid cylindrical phased array antenna of an ad hoc network wireless communication system in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the entire antenna array in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a numbered schematic diagram of the antenna element of fig. 2;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the three-channel dual IF analog-to-digital hybrid TR assembly of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between a three-channel dual IF analog-digital hybrid TR module and an antenna;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the structure of the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module in FIG. 1;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of the digital multi-beam forming processing module of fig. 1;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the digital multi-beam forming process in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 9 is a block diagram of a beam steering module of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A digital analog hybrid cylindrical phased array antenna for ad hoc network communication comprises a cylindrical antenna array surface, n m-channel dual intermediate frequency analog digital hybrid TR components, an intermediate frequency acquisition processing module, a digital multi-beam forming processing module, a beam control module, a modulation and demodulation unit, a clock and synchronization network, a first local oscillator power distribution network, a second local oscillator and a second local oscillator power distribution network, wherein each channel of the TR components is provided with k output branches; the cylindrical antenna array surface is composed of m multiplied by k multiplied by n antenna array elements which are arranged in a rectangular mode by taking the circumferential direction of a cylinder as a row and the axial direction of the cylinder as a column, wherein the number of the rows is m, the number of the columns is k multiplied by n, the distances between adjacent rows are equal, and the distances between adjacent columns are equal; the cylindrical antenna array surface is equally divided into k regions in the circumferential direction, k branches of each channel of the TR component are correspondingly connected with k array elements in different regions one by one, the ith TR component is just connected with the ith array element in each region, each TR component is connected with the intermediate frequency acquisition and processing module, the digital multi-beam forming and processing module, the beam control module and the modulation and demodulation unit are sequentially connected, the clock and synchronization network is used for providing clock signals, and the first local oscillator and the second local oscillator are respectively connected with each TR component through the corresponding first local oscillator power division network and the corresponding second local oscillator power division network and are used for providing local oscillator signals for double intermediate frequencies of the TR components; n, m and k are all more than 2, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n;
when receiving signals, electromagnetic wave signals from the space are received through an antenna array surface, the received signals enter a TR component after being gated through a switch, a receiving channel of the TR component performs low-noise amplification and down-conversion on the signals, and two paths of intermediate frequency signals are output to an intermediate frequency acquisition processing module at the rear end to be subjected to AD sampling processing and converted into digital signals; the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module sends the digital signals to a digital multi-beam forming processing module at the rear end to receive digital beam forming processing and form beams; the formed wave beam is controlled by the wave beam control module and then sent to a modulation and demodulation unit at the rear end for demodulation processing, and communication demodulation is completed;
when the signal is transmitted, the modulation signal from the modulation and demodulation unit is controlled by the beam control module and then is sent to the digital multi-beam forming processing module for transmitting digital beam forming processing, and each path of input signal is sent to the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module for DA signal transmission processing after being processed, so that each pair of input digital signals is changed into an output analog intermediate frequency signal; the analog intermediate frequency signals are respectively sent to the corresponding TR assemblies, the TR assemblies carry out up-conversion and power amplification on the signals, and finally the amplified signals are sent to the corresponding array elements through switch gating so as to be emitted to the space.
Furthermore, the TR component is an active TR component, and includes an intermediate frequency band pass filter, a first frequency converter, a second frequency converter, a radio frequency band pass filter, a one-to-m power divider, a numerical control attenuator, a numerical control phase shifter, a transmit-receive switch, a power amplifier, a low noise amplifier, an amplitude limiter, a transmit-receive switch, a radio frequency band pass filter, a coupling calibration network, m single-pole k-throw switches, and a power supply and monitoring interface;
when signals are transmitted, two paths of intermediate frequency signals are respectively subjected to up-conversion to radio frequency through corresponding frequency converters, then the signals enter a one-m power divider to be divided into m paths after passing through a band-pass filter, and each path of signals are sequentially transmitted to corresponding array elements through the gating of a single-pole k-throw switch after passing through a numerical control attenuator, a numerical control phase shifter, a transceiving switch, a power amplifier, a transceiving switch, a radio frequency band-pass filter and a coupling calibration network;
when receiving signals, the signals are gated and received by a single-pole k throw switch, then sequentially pass through a coupling calibration network, a radio frequency band-pass filter and a receiving and transmitting change-over switch, then enter an amplitude limiter and a low noise amplifier of a receiving channel, are amplified and then sent into a numerical control phase shifter and a numerical control attenuator by the receiving and transmitting change-over switch, then are synthesized by m paths, are sent into a first frequency converter and a second frequency converter by the band radio frequency band-pass filter to become intermediate frequency signals, and finally are sent into an intermediate frequency acquisition processing module at the rear end.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a digital analog hybrid cylindrical phased array antenna for ad hoc network communication includes a cylindrical antenna array 1, twelve three-channel dual intermediate frequency analog digital hybrid TR components 3, two intermediate frequency acquisition processing modules 4, a digital multi-beam forming processing module 5, a beam control module 6, a modulation and demodulation unit 7, a clock and synchronization network 12, a first local oscillator 9, a first local oscillator one power distribution network 8, a second local oscillator 11, and a second local oscillator power distribution network 10.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the cylindrical antenna array 1 is composed of 48 antenna sub-arrays, each antenna sub-array is composed of three antenna units 2, and when viewed from the top, the whole array is divided into four regions, namely a first region, a second region, a third region and a fourth region, each region comprises 12 antenna sub-arrays, and each column is numbered from C1 to C12, C13 to C24, C25 to C36, and C37 to C48. Each row comprises three antenna units 2 with the numbers of X-Y-1, X-Y-2 and X-Y-3, wherein X represents the number of rows and takes the value of 1 to 48 rows, and Y represents the number of areas and takes the value of 1 to 4 areas.
The three-channel double-intermediate-frequency analog-digital mixed TR component 3 radio frequency interface is connected with an antenna unit through a radio frequency cable component, and the antenna unit connected with the first channel is numbered as follows: x-1-1, X-2-1, X-3-1 and X-4-1, and the antenna units connected with the second channel are numbered as follows: x-1-2, X-2-2, X-3-2 and X-4-2, and the number of the antenna unit connected with the third channel is as follows: x-1-3, X-2-3, X-3-3 and X-4-3, wherein the intermediate frequency interface of the three-channel double intermediate frequency analog-digital mixed TR component 3 is connected with the intermediate frequency interface of the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module 4 through an intermediate frequency cable; each intermediate frequency acquisition processing module 4 is connected with a digital multi-beam forming processing module 5 at the rear end through an optical fiber to complete real-time high-speed data transmission; the digital multi-beam forming processing module 5 mainly completes digital multi-beam forming processing and beam forming, and the rear end of the digital multi-beam forming processing module 5 is connected with the beam control module 6 through an optical fiber; the beam control module 6 is connected with an ad hoc network modulation and demodulation unit 7 at the rear end through an optical fiber; the input end of the clock and synchronization network 12 is connected with the modulation and demodulation unit 7, the modulation and demodulation unit 7 provides a reference clock to ensure the homology of the system, and the output end of the clock and synchronization network 12 is connected with the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module 4, the digital multi-beam forming processing module 5 and the beam control module 6 through cable components to provide clocks and synchronization signals for the modules; the first local oscillator 9 and the first local oscillator power distribution network 8, the second local oscillator 11 and the second local oscillator power distribution network 10 are connected with the three-channel double intermediate frequency analog-digital mixed TR component 3 through a cable component and provide local oscillator signals for the three-channel double intermediate frequency analog-digital mixed TR component 3; the cylindrical antenna array surface is integrally fixed in the high-strength structural frame to form the digital analog hybrid cylindrical phased array antenna device for ad hoc network wireless communication.
When receiving signals, electromagnetic wave signals from the space are received through the antenna array surface 1, the received signals are subjected to low-noise amplification and down-conversion through a receiving channel of the three-channel double intermediate-frequency analog-digital mixed TR component 3, and two paths of intermediate-frequency signals are output; the intermediate frequency signal is sent to an intermediate frequency acquisition processing module 4 at the rear end for AD sampling processing, and is converted into a digital signal; the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module 4 sends the digital signals to a digital multi-beam forming processing module 5 at the rear end for receiving digital beam forming processing to form beams; the formed wave beam is controlled by the wave beam control module 6 and sent to the modulation and demodulation unit 7 at the rear end for demodulation processing, thereby completing communication demodulation;
during signal transmission, modulation signals from the modulation and demodulation unit 7 are respectively controlled by the beam control module 6 and then sent to the digital multi-beam forming processing module 5 for digital beam forming processing, and each path of input signals are sent to the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module 4 for DA signal transmission processing after being processed, so that each pair of input digital signals is converted into an output analog intermediate frequency signal; the analog intermediate frequency signals are respectively sent to the three-channel double intermediate frequency analog digital mixed TR component 3, the three-channel double intermediate frequency analog digital mixed TR component 3 carries out up-conversion on the signals, power amplification is carried out on the signals through a transmitting channel in the three-channel double intermediate frequency analog digital mixed TR component 3, finally the amplified signals are sent to the corresponding antenna array surface 1, and the signals are transmitted to the space by the antenna array surface 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-channel dual intermediate frequency analog-to-digital hybrid TR module of fig. 1. The three-channel double-intermediate-frequency analog-digital mixed TR component 3 is an active TR transceiving component, can realize analog phase control in the pitching direction and transceiving of two paths of intermediate-frequency signals in the azimuth direction of three channels of the sub-array three-antenna unit, can realize independent adjustment of gain control when the communication distance is far and near different and can realize the capacity of simultaneously working two target pilot frequency channels.
Specifically, the three-channel double-intermediate-frequency analog-digital mixed TR component 3 comprises an intermediate-frequency band-pass filter 13, a first frequency converter 14, a first local oscillator 16, a second frequency converter 15, a second local oscillator 17, a radio-frequency band-pass filter 18, a numerical control attenuator 19 in a three-way analog TR module, a numerical control phase shifter 20, a first transceiving switch 21-1, a power amplifier 22, a low-noise amplifier 23, a limiter 24, a second transceiving switch 21-2, a radio-frequency band-pass filter 25, a coupling calibration network 26, a single-pole four-throw switch 27 and a power supply and monitoring interface 38; the TR component mainly completes the receiving and sending control, the pitching simulation phase shift and the amplitude control of three paths of radio frequency signals, and finally completes the conversion function from three paths of synthesized radio frequency signals to two paths of intermediate frequency signals.
When a signal is transmitted, two paths of intermediate frequency signals 1 and 2 are up-converted to radio frequency through the corresponding frequency converters 14 and 15 respectively, and are divided into three paths through the band-pass filter 18 and the power divider, and the three paths of signals are transmitted to the antenna at the rear end through the numerical control attenuator 19, the numerical control phase shifter 20, the first transceiving switch 21-1, the power amplifier 22, the second transceiving switch 21-2, the radio frequency band-pass filter 25, the coupling calibration network 26 and the single-pole four-throw switch 27 and then transmitted.
When receiving signals, the signals sequentially pass through a coupling calibration network 26, a radio frequency band-pass filter 25, a second receiving and transmitting change-over switch 21-2, an amplitude limiter 24 entering a receiving channel and a low noise amplifier 23 through a single-pole four-throw switch 27, are amplified and then sent into a numerical control phase shifter 20 and a numerical control attenuator 19 through a first receiving and transmitting change-over switch 21-1, are synthesized into three paths, then are sent into frequency converters 14 and 15 through a band radio frequency band-pass filter 18 to become intermediate frequency signals, and then are sent into an intermediate frequency acquisition processing module 4 at the rear end.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of the connection relationship between the three-channel dual intermediate frequency analog-digital hybrid TR module and the antenna in fig. 4. Wherein, the three passageway of TR subassembly is connected with 3 antenna element of antenna subarray respectively, and four ports of single-pole four-throw switch correspond the first region, second region, third region, fourth region of wavefront respectively, and every region includes 12 antenna subarrays, and every is listed as including three antenna element, and the antenna element number of being connected with first passageway has: x-1-1, X-2-1, X-3-1 and X-4-1, and the antenna units connected with the second channel are numbered as follows: x-1-2, X-2-2, X-3-2 and X-4-2, and the number of the antenna unit connected with the third channel is as follows: x-1-3, X-2-3, X-3-3 and X-4-3, wherein X represents the column number and takes the value from 1 to 48 columns.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module in fig. 1. The intermediate frequency acquisition processing module 4 comprises an AD9361 chip 29 containing ADC and DAC conversion and an FPGA chip 30; the AD9361 chip 29 is used for realizing the acquisition and processing of intermediate frequency signals and the digital-to-analog conversion and emission processing of baseband signals; the FPGA chip 30 is used to control the AD9361 chip 29 and to control the transmission of the signal data D1, D2 with the digital multi-beam forming processing module 5.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram of the structure of the digital multi-beam forming processing module. The digital multi-beam forming processing module 5 is configured to complete beam forming in a digital domain, and includes a high-performance processing chip FPGA131, a high-performance processing chip FPGA232, and a high-speed interface switching chip. Specifically, the digital multi-beam forming processing module 5 performs weight calculation and beam forming processing on the signal data transmitted from the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module 4 in the FPGAs 131 and 232 to obtain DBF beam data, and then transmits the formed beam data to the beam control module 6 at the rear end through the optical fiber 12T12R by using the optical module 33.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of digital multi-beam forming processing in the digital multi-beam forming processing module 5. The digital multi-beam forming processing module 5 performs multi-beam forming mainly by using the beam forming algorithm 39, and performs beam forming by using data of D1, D2 to DM and combining weighted values W1, W2 to WM.
Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a beam steering module of fig. 1. The beam control module 6 comprises an optical module 34, an FPGA chip 35 for beam control, an AD 936119 for system online calibration, and a three-channel double intermediate frequency analog-digital mixed TR component 3 for system online calibration; the optical module 34 receives data from the digital multi-beam forming processing module 5 through an optical fiber, performs control processing through the FPGA chip 35, and transmits the data to the modem unit 7 through the optical module 36 through a 4T4R optical fiber. Meanwhile, the FPGA chip 35 may also complete control of the local oscillator through the local oscillator control interface 37, and may also complete online calibration of the system channel error through the AD 936119 for online calibration of the system and the three-channel dual intermediate frequency analog-digital hybrid TR module 3 for online calibration of the system.
The invention adopts a digital analog hybrid phased array antenna framework, has high-gain directional narrow-beam receiving and transmitting, and has high capacity, high speed rate and good anti-interference and anti-interception capabilities compared with the omnidirectional antenna adopted by the traditional ad hoc network communication.
In addition, the present invention has flexible multi-beam simultaneous formation capability and can communicate with multiple targets simultaneously. Furthermore, the invention selects the antenna units in different sector areas through the switch to realize the target communication in different sector coverage areas, the azimuth adopts the digital domain to carry out beam forming, and the flexible beam scanning and control are carried out on the number, the beam scanning speed is high, the control precision is high, the number of beams in the sector can be flexibly increased under the condition of not increasing hardware resources, the communication to a plurality of targets is realized at the same time, and the system expansion capability is strong.
In a word, the invention improves the performance of the ad hoc network communication system and expands the application range of the ad hoc network communication product.
Claims (5)
1. A digital analog hybrid cylindrical phased array antenna for ad hoc network communication is characterized by comprising a cylindrical antenna array surface (1), n m-channel double intermediate frequency analog digital hybrid TR components (3), an intermediate frequency acquisition processing module (4), a digital multi-beam forming processing module (5), a beam control module (6), a modulation and demodulation unit (7), a clock and synchronization network (12), a first local oscillator (9), a first local oscillator power distribution network (8), a second local oscillator (11) and a second local oscillator power distribution network (10), wherein each channel of the TR components (3) is provided with k output branches; the cylindrical antenna array surface (1) is composed of m multiplied by k multiplied by n antenna array elements which are arranged in a rectangular mode by taking the circumferential direction of a cylinder as a row and the axial direction of the cylinder as a column, wherein the row number is m, the column number is k multiplied by n, the distances between adjacent rows are equal, and the distances between adjacent columns are equal; the cylindrical antenna array surface is equally divided into k regions in the circumferential direction, k branches of each channel of the TR component are correspondingly connected with k array elements in different regions one by one, the ith TR component is just connected with the ith array element in each region, each TR component is connected with the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module (4), the digital multi-beam forming processing module (5), the beam control module (6) and the modulation and demodulation unit (7) are sequentially connected, the clock and synchronization network (12) is used for providing clock signals, and the first local oscillator (9) and the second local oscillator (11) are respectively connected with each TR component through the corresponding first local oscillator power division network (8) and the corresponding second local oscillator power division network (10) and are used for providing local oscillator signals for double intermediate frequencies of the TR component; n, m and k are all more than 2, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n;
when receiving signals, electromagnetic wave signals from the space are received through the cylindrical antenna array surface (1), the received signals are gated through a switch and then enter the TR component (3), a receiving channel of the TR component (3) performs low-noise amplification and down-conversion on the signals, two paths of intermediate frequency signals are output to an intermediate frequency acquisition processing module (4) at the rear end for AD sampling processing, and the signals are converted into digital signals; the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module (4) sends the digital signals to a digital multi-beam forming processing module (5) at the rear end to receive digital beam forming processing to form beams; the formed wave beam is controlled by a wave beam control module (6) and then sent to a modulation and demodulation unit (7) at the rear end for demodulation processing, and communication demodulation is completed;
when signals are transmitted, modulation signals from the modulation and demodulation unit (7) are controlled by the beam control module (6) and then sent to the digital multi-beam forming processing module (5) for transmitting digital beam forming processing, and each path of input signals are sent to the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module (4) for DA transmission signal processing after being processed, so that each pair of input digital signals is changed into an output analog intermediate frequency signal; the analog intermediate frequency signals are respectively sent to the corresponding TR assemblies (3), the TR assemblies (3) carry out up-conversion and power amplification on the signals, and finally the amplified signals are sent to the corresponding array elements through switch gating so as to be emitted to the space.
2. A digital-analog hybrid cylindrical phased array antenna for ad hoc network communication according to claim 1, wherein the TR element (3) is an active TR element comprising an intermediate frequency band pass filter (13), a first frequency converter (14), a second frequency converter (15), a first radio frequency band pass filter (18), a divide-by-m power divider, a numerical control attenuator (19), a numerical control phase shifter (20), a first transmit-receive switch (21-1), a power amplifier (22), a low noise amplifier (23), a limiter (24), a second transmit-receive switch (21-2), a second radio frequency band pass filter (25), a coupling calibration network (26), m single-pole k-throw switches (27), and a power supply and monitoring interface (38);
when signals are transmitted, two paths of intermediate frequency signals are respectively subjected to up-conversion to radio frequency through corresponding frequency converters, then enter a one-m power divider to divide the signals into m paths after passing through a first radio frequency band-pass filter (18), and each path of signals are sequentially transmitted into corresponding array elements to be transmitted after passing through a numerical control attenuator (19), a numerical control phase shifter (20), a first transceiving switch (21-1), a power amplifier (22), a second transceiving switch (21-2), a second radio frequency band-pass filter (25) and a coupling calibration network (26) through gating of a single-pole k-throw switch (27);
when signals are received, the signals are gated and received through a single-pole k-throw switch (27), then sequentially pass through a coupling calibration network (26), a second radio frequency band-pass filter (25) and a second transceiving switch (21-2), then enter an amplitude limiter (24) and a low noise amplifier (23) of a receiving channel, are sent to a numerical control phase shifter (20) and a numerical control attenuator (19) through a first transceiving switch (21-1) after being amplified, then are sent to a first frequency converter and a second frequency converter through a first radio frequency band-pass filter (18) after being synthesized by m paths to become intermediate frequency signals, and finally are sent to an intermediate frequency acquisition processing module (4) at the rear end.
3. The digital-analog hybrid cylindrical phased array antenna for AD hoc network communication according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module (4) comprises a first AD9361 chip (29) containing ADC and DAC conversions and a first FPGA chip (30); the first AD9361 chip is used for realizing the acquisition and processing of intermediate frequency signals and the digital-to-analog conversion and emission processing of baseband signals; the first FPGA chip (30) is used for controlling the first AD9361 chip (29) and controlling signal transmission with the digital multi-beam forming processing module (5).
4. The digital-analog hybrid cylindrical phased array antenna for ad hoc network communication according to claim 1, wherein the digital multi-beam forming processing module (5) is used for performing beam forming in a digital domain, and comprises a second FPGA chip (31), a third FPGA chip (32), a high speed interface switching chip, and a first optical module (33); the digital multi-beam forming processing module (5) performs weight calculation and beam forming processing on signals transmitted by the intermediate frequency acquisition processing module (4) in the second FPGA chip (31) and the third FPGA chip (32) to obtain beam data, and then transmits the formed beam data to the beam control module (6) at the rear end through the first optical module (33).
5. A digital-analog hybrid cylindrical phased array antenna for ad hoc network communication according to claim 1, wherein the beam control module (6) comprises a second optical module (34), a third optical module (36) and a fourth FPGA chip (35); the second optical module (34) is used for receiving data from the digital multi-beam forming processing module (5) through optical fibers, the third optical module (36) is used for transmitting the data to the modulation and demodulation unit (7) through the optical fibers, and the fourth FPGA chip (35) is used for local oscillation control, beam control and data transmission.
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| CN112615682B (en) * | 2020-12-13 | 2022-06-21 | 西安电子工程研究所 | External calibration network for cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array |
| WO2022141391A1 (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-07-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Phased array and electronic device |
| CN112505707B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-01 | 成都远望探测技术有限公司 | X-waveband dual-polarization rapid scanning phased array weather radar |
| CN112953539B (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2023-06-20 | 西安交通大学 | Implementation method of large-scale planar array multi-beam forming system |
| CN113466783B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2022-05-10 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Nine passageway ultrashort wave direction finding systems of monitoring frequency channel extensible |
| CN113745852A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-12-03 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Communication method of meteor trail communication system and conformal array antenna |
| CN115941012B (en) * | 2023-03-15 | 2023-05-12 | 电子科技大学 | Chip type reconfigurable elastic scale multi-beam digital array |
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