CN114499597B - Remote measuring and controlling method based on large-scale digital phased array - Google Patents
Remote measuring and controlling method based on large-scale digital phased array Download PDFInfo
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- CN114499597B CN114499597B CN202210352772.6A CN202210352772A CN114499597B CN 114499597 B CN114499597 B CN 114499597B CN 202210352772 A CN202210352772 A CN 202210352772A CN 114499597 B CN114499597 B CN 114499597B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0408—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
- H04J3/0635—Clock or time synchronisation in a network
- H04J3/0638—Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement and control, and particularly relates to a remote measurement and control method based on a large-scale digital phased array. The technical proposal is as follows: a telemetering and remote control method based on a large-scale digital phased array is characterized in that: a large-scale digital array antenna is adopted; each planar sub-array surface comprises an S frequency band receiving array element for receiving and an L frequency band transmitting array element for transmitting, and the receiving array elements and the transmitting array elements are sparsely distributed in the planar sub-array surface to realize the common-caliber design of receiving and transmitting antennas; two-stage distributed digital beam forming based on subarray-stage beam forming and central beam forming; and a synchronous identification transmission synchronization method is adopted to realize synchronous data transmission between the subarrays and the central level. The invention can realize remote measurement and control of a plurality of targets randomly distributed in a large range, and has good expandability and recombinability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement and control, and particularly relates to a digital phased array-based remote measurement and control technology.
Background
The traditional ground measurement and control station adopts a day servo feed device, and each set of the day servo feed device consists of a pair of parabolic antennas, a set of servo control and drive mechanism and an antenna pedestal. Each pair of parabolic antennas points to and tracks the target under the control and drive of the servo mechanism, so that the measurement and control tasks of the designated target or a plurality of targets in the beam coverage range are completed, and the plurality of targets in the same beam coverage range are distinguished by adopting different frequencies or pseudo-random sequences. The telemetering receiving equipment and the remote control transmitting equipment of the ground measuring and controlling station independently realize telemetering and remote control functions through respective channels and antennas, and have limited telemetering and remote control capabilities and large occupied area. After decades of development, the phased array technology is developed, and how to utilize the advantages of the phased array technology for multi-target simultaneous measurement and control is the research starting point of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a telemetering and remote control method based on a large-scale digital phased array, realizes telemetering and remote control of the same antenna, increases the coverage area, and simultaneously measures and controls multiple targets.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical idea of the invention is as follows: the phased array antenna can generate flexible and agile electric scanning beams, is easy to realize multi-beam, and can provide possible solutions for multi-target simultaneous measurement and control. From the beam forming method, the phased array antenna has radio frequency analog synthesis, digital synthesis and a mixed method of the two. The radio frequency analog beam synthesis utilizes a phase shifter and a numerical control attenuator inside a T/R component to complete the amplitude and phase control of signals at radio frequency. In order to form multiple beams, each antenna unit needs to use multiple independent phase shifters and numerical control attenuators, which increases the cost of the system by times, and simultaneously, due to strict limitations in the aspects of equipment size, weight, power consumption and the like, great technical difficulty is brought to the design of a T/R component, in addition, the number of beams cannot be increased after the system is built, and the expandability of the system is reduced. The Digital Beam Forming (DBF) is a new technology established by introducing an advanced digital signal processing method on the basis of phased array antenna beam forming, and the basic principle of the technology is completely the same as the radio frequency analog synthesis mode. Compared with the radio frequency synthesis mode, the method completes the amplitude and phase control of signals in a digital domain. Therefore, Digital Beam Forming (DBF) can achieve a larger number of beams without increasing the system construction cost; the design of the radio frequency front end can be greatly simplified, and the miniaturization and the light weight of the system are realized; ultra-low side lobes or nulls can be formed, and the anti-interference capability of the system is improved; the function expansion of the system is facilitated.
In conclusion, the digital multi-beam-based phased array antenna can provide an advanced, economical, reliable, easy-to-maintain and strong-expansibility solution for multi-target simultaneous measurement and control, and accords with the development trend of multi-target telemetry and remote control technology.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a telemetering and remote control method based on a large-scale digital phased array is characterized in that: a large-scale digital array antenna is adopted; adopting a common caliber design of a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna; two-stage distributed digital beamforming including subarray-level beamforming and center-level beamforming;
the large-scale digital array antenna is a unit-level digital phased array, a plurality of planar sub-arrays form a whole array, and each planar sub-array surface comprises a plurality of array elements;
the common caliber design of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna comprises the following steps: each planar sub-array surface comprises an S-band receiving array element for receiving and an L-band transmitting array element for transmitting, and the receiving array elements and the transmitting array elements are sparsely distributed in the planar sub-array surface to realize the common caliber of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna;
the two-stage distributed digital beam forming is used for beam synthesis processing corresponding to the planar sub-array surface; each planar sub-array surface comprises a plurality of sub-array-level beam forming and one or more central-level beam forming; each subarray level beam forming module comprises a plurality of receiving channels (each receiving channel comprises a receiving array element and an R component), a plurality of transmitting channels (each transmitting channel comprises a transmitting array element and a T component), and 1 subarray level digital beam forming processing module; the subarray-level digital beam forming processing module is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion and subarray-level receiving beam forming processing on each array element signal of the received subarray, performing transmitting beam forming processing on a digital signal to be transmitted, which is received from the central-level beam forming module, performing digital-to-analog conversion and then distributing the digital signal to each array element of the subarray; the central-level beam forming module comprises a central-level digital beam forming processing module which is used for receiving the beams formed by the sub-array-level digital beam forming processing and carrying out central-level beam forming according to the sum and difference beam sub-array-level amplitude weights.
Furthermore, data between the sub-array level digital beam forming processing module and the central level digital beam forming processing module are transmitted by adopting a high-speed digital optical fiber.
Furthermore, a synchronous identification transmission synchronization method is adopted, so that the central-level digital beam forming processing module keeps phase synchronization on the received beams formed by each subarray digital beam forming processing module; the synchronization mark transmission synchronization method comprises the following steps:
a) generating a synchronization signal by using an external synchronization signal generator;
b) the synchronous signals are converted into optical signals through an optical transmitter and then are respectively sent to each subarray digital beam forming processing module through a synchronous distribution network and a plurality of paths of analog optical fibers; meanwhile, the synchronous signal is connected with a central digital beam forming processing module through a phase-stabilizing cable, and the central digital beam forming processing module takes the obtained synchronous signal as a local synchronous signal; therefore, low-jitter transmission of the synchronous signals between the central digital beam forming processing module and each subarray digital beam forming processing module is realized;
c) each subarray digital beam forming processing module receives synchronous signals transmitted by analog optical fibers and converts the synchronous signals into electric signals, synchronous marks are generated in a digital domain and inserted into subarray-level beam forming processing data, and the synchronous marks are transmitted to the central digital beam forming processing module through the high-speed digital optical fibers;
d) and after receiving the sub-array-level beam synthesis processing data, the central-level digital beam formation processing module performs elastic buffering and alignment processing on the sub-array-level beam synthesis processing data according to the local synchronization signal and the synchronization identifier in the sub-array-level beam synthesis processing data, and then performs central-level beam synthesis.
Further, the synchronization identifier is obtained by means of time-frequency optical transmission and SMP blind insertion, and specifically includes: the synchronous signal generator generates synchronous signals, the synchronous signals are converted into time-frequency optical signals through the time-frequency optical transmitter and distributed to the time-frequency optical receiving modules of the sub-array surfaces, the time-frequency optical receiving modules convert the optical signals into electric signals, the electric signals are accessed into the sub-array level beam forming processing module through SMP blind plugging, the synchronous signals are recovered in the sub-array level beam forming processing module, synchronous marks are generated, and the generated synchronous marks are inserted into sub-array level beam forming processing data.
The invention provides a telemetering and remote control method based on a large-scale digital phased array, which can realize the simultaneous telemetering and remote control of a plurality of targets distributed in a large range; the two-stage distributed digital beam forming framework based on the subarrays and the center has good expandability and recombinability, and can realize the flexible expansion of the antenna array surface scale and the measurement and control target; and a synchronous identification transmission synchronization method is adopted to realize synchronous data transmission between the subarrays and the central level.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of receive digital beamforming according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of transmit digital beamforming according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a synchronous distribution topology diagram according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to fig. 1 to 3. The present invention is not limited to the description of the following examples.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a telemetering and remote control method based on a large-scale digital phased array, which is characterized in that a large-scale digital array antenna is adopted; adopting a design of common caliber of a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna; two-stage distributed digital beamforming including subarray-level beamforming and center-level beamforming;
the large-scale digital array antenna is a unit-level digital phased array, a plurality of planar sub-arrays form a whole array, and each planar sub-array surface comprises a plurality of array elements;
the common caliber design of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna comprises the following steps: each planar sub-array surface comprises S-band receiving array elements for receiving and L-band transmitting array elements for transmitting, and the receiving array elements and the transmitting array elements are sparsely distributed in the planar sub-array surface, so that the common caliber of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna is realized.
The two-stage distributed digital beamforming comprises: and the sub-array level beam forming and the central level beam forming are used for the beam synthesis processing of the plane sub-array surface. A distributed active phased array antenna system is adopted, array element antennas correspond to receiving/transmitting components one by one, and a stacked integrated array surface form is adopted for an array surface and a T/R component; and dividing the whole array into a plurality of sub-arrays by adopting a sub-array and modular design technology, and carrying out modular design on the sub-arrays. Each subarray-level beam forming device comprises a plurality of receiving channels (each receiving channel comprises a receiving array element and an R component), a plurality of transmitting channels (each transmitting channel comprises a transmitting array element and a T component), 1 subarray-level digital beam forming processing module, a subarray power module, a liquid cooling plate, a module mounting framework and the like; the subarray-level digital beam forming processing module comprises a plurality of AD and DA chips and a Digital Beam Forming (DBF) processing node (FPGA), and is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion and subarray-level receiving beam forming processing on each array element signal of the received subarray, performing transmitting beam forming processing on a digital signal to be transmitted received from the central-level beam forming module, performing digital-to-analog conversion, and distributing the digital signal to each array element of the subarray. The central-level beam forming module comprises one or more central-level digital beam forming processing modules, and is used for receiving the beams formed by the sub-array-level digital beam forming processing and performing central-level beam forming according to the sum and difference beam sub-array-level amplitude weights. And data between the subarray-level digital beam forming processing module and the central-level digital beam forming processing module is transmitted by adopting a high-speed digital optical fiber.
As shown in fig. 1, when the receiving digital beam forming processing is performed, signals received by the antenna are first amplified, filtered, mixed and filtered by the radio frequency front end, a/D sampling is completed in each subarray-level digital beam forming processing module, and then subarray-level receiving beam forming processing is performed according to the array element antenna weight; after completing the formation of the sub-array level receiving digital wave beams, obtaining a plurality of groups of wave beam data, and transmitting the wave beam data to the central DBF processor through the optical fiber interface to complete the formation of the central level receiving digital wave beams; and after the formation of the central-level receiving digital wave beam is finished, the final wave beam sum and difference data are obtained and are transmitted to the telemetering baseband subsystem through the ten-gigabit network switch. And the telemetry baseband receives and demodulates the signals of the various receiving beams to recover telemetry data.
As shown in fig. 2, when transmitting digital multi-beam forming processing, the central DBF processor receives uplink data from the remote control baseband, distributes the uplink data to each central digital beam forming processing module through the central convergence processing board, and then transmits the uplink data to each subarray digital beam forming processing module through the optical fiber matrix. Each sub-array digital beam forming processing module is converted into an analog radio frequency signal through DA and sent to the T assembly, the T assembly is filtered and amplified and then sent to an antenna to radiate, and beam forming is achieved in space.
The central-level digital beam forming processing module adopts a synchronous identification synchronous transmission method to ensure that the received beams formed by each subarray-level digital beam forming processing module keep phase synchronization. The synchronous transmission method of the synchronous identification comprises the following steps:
a) an external synchronization signal source is adopted to generate a synchronization signal SYNC, the synchronization signal SYNC is 10Hz pulse, and the pulse width is 100 ns;
b) the optical transmitter converts the synchronous signals SYNC into optical signals, and then sends the synchronous signals to each subarray-level digital beam forming processing module through a synchronous distribution network and a multi-path analog optical fiber; sending the synchronous signal to a central-level digital beam forming processing module through a phase-stabilizing cable to realize low-jitter synchronous signal transmission;
c) the subarray-level digital beam forming processing module receives synchronous signals of the analog optical fibers and converts the synchronous signals into electric signals, synchronous marks are generated in a digital domain and inserted into subarray synthetic data, and the synthetic data are transmitted to the central-level digital beam forming processing module through the high-speed digital optical fibers;
d) after receiving the multi-path subarray beam forming data, the central-level digital beam forming processing module performs elastic buffering and alignment processing on the multi-path beam forming data according to local synchronous signals and synchronous identification of each path of received data, and performs central-level beam forming on the aligned data.
The large-scale digital array antenna determines an effective working array surface based on an incoming wave direction, and only the array surface contributing to beam synthesis participates in beam synthesis for any beam direction. And a difference beam is formed by adopting a symmetrical negation method and subarray amplitude weighting.
For a large-scale digital phased array, the number of sub-array-level digital beam forming processing modules needing synchronous signal access is large, and considering the situation that when a traditional isometric shielding coaxial cable transmits synchronous signals, tiny flaws at a shielding layer and joints in a strong interference electromagnetic environment reduce shielding performance, transmission of trigger signals is influenced, and the trigger signals are asynchronous, a time-frequency optical transmission and SMP blind plugging mode is adopted, and a synchronous distribution topological graph is shown in fig. 3. The synchronous signals are generated by an external synchronous signal source, converted into time-frequency optical signals by a time-frequency optical transmitter and distributed to the time-frequency optical receiving modules of each sub-array surface, the time-frequency optical receiving modules convert the optical signals into electric signals, and the electric signals are accessed into each sub-array level beam forming processing module through SMP blind plugging.
Claims (4)
1. A telemetering and remote control method based on a large-scale digital phased array is characterized in that: a large-scale digital array antenna is adopted; adopting a common caliber design of a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna; two-stage distributed digital beamforming including subarray-level beamforming and center-level beamforming;
the large-scale digital array antenna is a unit-level digital phased array, a plurality of planar sub-arrays form a whole array, and each planar sub-array surface comprises a plurality of array elements;
the common caliber design of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna comprises the following steps: each planar sub-array surface comprises an S-band receiving array element for receiving and an L-band transmitting array element for transmitting, and the receiving array elements and the transmitting array elements are sparsely distributed in the planar sub-array surface to realize the common caliber of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna;
the two-stage distributed digital beam forming is used for beam synthesis processing of the planar sub-array surface; each planar sub-array surface comprises a plurality of sub-array-level beam forming and one or more central-level beam forming; each subarray level beam forming module comprises a plurality of receiving channels, a plurality of transmitting channels and 1 subarray level digital beam forming processing module; the subarray-level digital beam forming processing module is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion and subarray-level receiving beam forming processing on each array element signal of the received subarray, performing transmitting beam forming processing on a digital signal to be transmitted, which is received from the central-level beam forming module, performing digital-to-analog conversion and then distributing the digital signal to each array element of the subarray; the central-level beam forming module comprises a central-level digital beam forming processing module which is used for receiving the beams formed by the sub-array-level digital beam forming processing and carrying out central-level beam forming according to the sum and difference beam sub-array-level amplitude weights.
2. The telemetry and telecontrol method based on the large-scale digital phased array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data between the sub-array level digital beam forming processing module and the center level digital beam forming processing module is transmitted by high-speed digital optical fiber.
3. The telemetry and telecontrol method based on the large-scale digital phased array as claimed in claim 1, wherein a synchronization mark transmission synchronization method is adopted, so that the central-stage digital beam forming processing module keeps phase synchronization for the received beams formed by each subarray digital beam forming processing module; the synchronization mark transmission synchronization method comprises the following steps:
generating a synchronization signal using an external synchronization signal generator;
the synchronous signals are converted into optical signals through an optical transmitter and then are respectively sent to each subarray digital beam forming processing module through a synchronous distribution network and a plurality of paths of analog optical fibers; meanwhile, the synchronous signal is connected with a central digital beam forming processing module through a phase-stabilizing cable, and the central digital beam forming processing module takes the obtained synchronous signal as a local synchronous signal; therefore, low-jitter transmission of the synchronous signals between the central digital beam forming processing module and each subarray digital beam forming processing module is realized;
each subarray digital beam forming processing module receives synchronous signals transmitted by analog optical fibers and converts the synchronous signals into electric signals, synchronous marks are generated in a digital domain and inserted into subarray-level beam forming processing data, and the synchronous marks are transmitted to the central digital beam forming processing module through the high-speed digital optical fibers;
and after receiving the sub-array-level beam synthesis processing data, the central-level digital beam formation processing module performs elastic buffering and alignment processing on the sub-array-level beam synthesis processing data according to the local synchronization signal and the synchronization identifier in the sub-array-level beam synthesis processing data, and then performs central-level beam synthesis.
4. The telemetering and remote control method based on a large-scale digital phased array as claimed in claim 3, wherein the synchronization identifier is obtained by time-frequency optical transmission and SMP blind insertion, and specifically comprises: the synchronous signal generator generates synchronous signals, the synchronous signals are converted into time-frequency optical signals through the time-frequency optical transmitter and distributed to the time-frequency optical receiving modules of the sub-array surfaces, the time-frequency optical receiving modules convert the optical signals into electric signals, the electric signals are accessed into the sub-array level beam forming processing module through SMP blind plugging, the synchronous signals are recovered in the sub-array level beam forming processing module, synchronous marks are generated, and the generated synchronous marks are inserted into sub-array level beam forming processing data.
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| CN109633568A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-16 | 南京理工大学 | Digital array radar Beam-former design method based on optical fiber interface |
| CN111866619A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-10-30 | 成都傅立叶电子科技有限公司 | Digital acquisition method, receiving method and device for multi-target remote measurement ground station |
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