CN110957579B - Reconfigurable overlapping subarray antenna based on MEMS switch matrix - Google Patents

Reconfigurable overlapping subarray antenna based on MEMS switch matrix Download PDF

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CN110957579B
CN110957579B CN201911313050.4A CN201911313050A CN110957579B CN 110957579 B CN110957579 B CN 110957579B CN 201911313050 A CN201911313050 A CN 201911313050A CN 110957579 B CN110957579 B CN 110957579B
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antenna
subarray
array
mems switch
unit
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CN110957579A (en
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季帅
王敬东
关炀
王轶
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CETC 20 Research Institute
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching

Abstract

The invention provides a reconfigurable overlapping subarray antenna based on an MEMS switch matrix, wherein each antenna unit in an antenna array is connected with a 1-to-2 power divider, the output of the antenna unit is connected with an MEMS switch network, the MEMS switches are single-pole N-throw switches, the number of the MEMS switches is equal to that of the antenna units, the number N of the states of the MEMS switches determines the number of the states of the reconfigurable overlapping subarray, and the output of the MEMS switch network is connected with a subarray beam forming network layer to realize different overlapping subarray multi-beams. The invention realizes the analog multi-beam forming, adopts the sub-array analog beam forming network to realize the beam forming function of the array surface, reduces the use of digital devices and the cost and the power consumption of the system compared with the digital beam forming, can reduce the grating lobe influence caused by the sub-array division by overlapping the sub-arrays, and has the characteristics of low cost and high integration degree.

Description

Reconfigurable overlapping subarray antenna based on MEMS switch matrix
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to a reconfigurable overlapping sub-array antenna which is mainly applied to reconfigurable design of a large-scale low-cost phased array.
Background
In many cases, the function of a single antenna element is limited by performance such as gain, and the system requirements are not met. The gain of a single antenna can be improved by adopting the array antenna, and the radiation pattern is flexible and controllable. Therefore, array antennas are often used in military fields and civil communications. The low sidelobe pencil beam of the traditional array antenna can not meet the requirements of complex and various application occasions, and the array antenna with a specific shaped beam is more and more widely concerned. In order to satisfy the conditions of high gain, low noise and the like of the receiving antenna, a large number of researchers have conducted extensive and intensive studies on a large-sized aperture antenna and a large-sized array antenna composed of a parabolic antenna. However, the disadvantages of this type of antenna are significant, mainly in terms of high implementation cost and difficult system maintenance. In response to this problem, recent researchers have proposed that antenna elements in the form of relatively low-cost microstrip patches may be used in an attempt to form large arrays. However, because the array structure is too large, if the traditional method is directly adopted to independently feed each unit of the antenna, the feed network is difficult to realize, and the idea of sub-array segmentation is introduced. By adopting the subarray, the number of channels of the control element and the receiving front end is reduced, the system design is simplified, and the reliability of the system is improved.
For a multi-beam system, the grating lobe suppression effect of the beam is not ideal, and the gain loss of the beam is increased. The overlapping sub-arrays can reduce the spacing of the sub-arrays, which is beneficial to the grating lobe suppression, and meanwhile, the scanning range is not influenced by the size of the sub-arrays. Overlapping sub-arrays means that adjacent sub-arrays have antenna elements in common, i.e. there is an overlap. When the multi-beam antenna is used as a feed source, the number of the antenna units is small, and the beam forming network can be used for feeding. If the flat-top directional diagram synthesis technology can be applied to a large-scale overlapped subarray, not only can grating lobes be effectively inhibited, but also the number of arrays can be relatively reduced.
A patent (patent number: 201611082379.0) entitled "Overlapping Subarray (OSA) based beamforming method and apparatus", filed by shanghai nokia bell gmbh, utilizes transmit-receive cooperative beamforming at the base station and UE sides to achieve large array gain, and its original design is aimed at completing control of different beam directions through integrated multi-mode pseudo-beamforming network design, and further reducing original multi-channel phase shifters of an active phased array, so that the overlapping subarray design related to the method cannot complete grating lobe suppression of subarray level.
In the existing stage of overlapping subarray design, the wave beam synthesis of the array surface is mostly realized by adopting a mode of analog wave beam formation, the function of the multi-beam feed network is single, the reconfigurable design of the array surface cannot be realized, and a new network design method is urgently needed to realize the reconfigurable function of the array surface multi-beam feed network.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a reconfigurable overlapping subarray antenna based on an MEMS switch matrix, which is mainly applied to the reconfigurable design of a large-scale low-cost phased array.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a reconfigurable overlapping subarray antenna based on an MEMS switch matrix comprises an antenna array, a power division feed network, an MEMS switch network and a subarray beam forming network layer;
each antenna unit in the antenna array is connected with a 1-to-2 power divider, the output of each antenna unit is connected with an MEMS switch network, the MEMS switches are single-pole N-throw switches, the number of the MEMS switches is equal to that of the antenna units, the state number N of the MEMS switches determines the state number of the reconfigurable overlapping subarrays, the output of the MEMS switch network is connected with the subarray beam forming network layer, and different overlapping subarray multi-beams are achieved.
Assuming that the antenna array has M antenna units, each antenna unit is connected with a 1-to-2 power divider, the output port is connected with a single-pole N-throw switch, and the number of the divided sub-arrays is LiThe number of each subarray unit is OiThe number of overlapping units of two adjacent sub-arrays is PiWherein i is 1, 2 … … N, 1 st to OiThe number unit is subarray 1, (O)i-Pi) To (2O)i-Pi) The number element is subarray 2, … … [ (L)i-1)(Oi-Pi)]To [ L ]iOi-(Li-1)Pi]Number unit is LiEach sub-array adopts 1 minute OiThe power divider carries out signal synthesis, thereby realizing the simulation of multi-beam formation and N1-OiThe power divider network forms a sub-array beam forming network layer, and LiOi-(Li-1)PiIs equal to M, and Oi＞Pi。
The array surface work is divided into two states of transmitting and receiving, wherein in the transmitting state, LiThe RF excitation signals are respectively passed through 1 minute OiThe power divider performs power distribution and transmissionTo LiThe single-pole N-throw switch is switched to a channel with an excitation signal, and the excitation signal is transmitted to the antenna unit through the power divider and radiated to the space; each subarray including OiAn antenna element, OiIn each antenna element, the non-overlapping part is (O)i-Pi) A unit cell with an overlapping part of PiWhen the unit normally works, the antenna unit at the non-overlapping part only has one path of excitation signal, the antenna unit at the overlapping part comprises two paths of excitation signals, and the two paths of excitation signals are synthesized by the power divider; the receiving state is the reverse of the transmitting state.
The reconfigurable overlapping subarray antenna based on the MEMS switch matrix has the beneficial effects that the reconfigurable overlapping subarray antenna based on the MEMS switch matrix is mainly applied to the reconfigurable design of a large-scale low-cost phased array. The antenna array surface has N overlapped subarray division modes, and the number of the divided subarrays is LiThe number of each subarray unit is OiThe number of overlapping units of two adjacent sub-arrays is PiWherein i is 1, 2 … … N, 1 to Oi) The number unit is subarray 1, (O)i-Pi) To (2O)i-Pi) The number element is subarray 2, … … [ (L)i-1)(Oi-Pi)]To [ L ]iOi-(Li-1)Pi]Number unit is LiEach sub-array adopts 1 minute OiThe power divider carries out signal synthesis, and N kinds of 1 divide OiThe power divider network forms a subarray beam forming network, thereby realizing the simulation of multi-beam forming, and LiOi-(Li-1)PiIs equal to M, and Oi＞Pi. The antenna array surface is switched by the MEMS switch network, so that the reconfigurable function of the array surface multi-beam feed network is realized, and compared with a conventional electric switch, the MEMS switch matrix has the characteristics of low transmission loss, low cost and miniaturization, and can realize a large-scale low-cost reconfigurable overlapping sub-array antenna. The array surface adopts the subarray analog beam forming network to realize the beam forming function of the array surface, reduces the use of digital devices and the cost and the power consumption of a system relative to digital beam forming, can reduce the grating lobe influence introduced by subarray division by using overlapped subarrays,the method has the characteristics of low cost and high integration level.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a reconfigurable overlapping subarray antenna circuit based on a MEMS switch matrix according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a reconfigurable overlapping subarray antenna based on an MEMS switch matrix includes an antenna array, a power division feed network, an MEMS switch network, and a subarray beam forming network layer;
each antenna unit in the antenna array is connected with a 1-to-2 power divider, the output of each antenna unit is connected with an MEMS switch network, the MEMS switches are single-pole N-throw switches, the number of the MEMS switches is equal to that of the antenna units, the state number N of the MEMS switches determines the state number of the reconfigurable overlapping subarrays, the output of the MEMS switch network is connected with the subarray beam forming network layer, and different overlapping subarray multi-beams are achieved.
Assuming that the antenna array has M antenna units, each antenna unit is connected with a 1-to-2 power divider, the output port is connected with a single-pole N-throw switch, and the number of the divided sub-arrays is LiThe number of each subarray unit is OiThe number of overlapping units of two adjacent sub-arrays is PiWherein i is 1, 2 … … N, 1 st to OiThe number unit is subarray 1, (O)i-Pi) To (2O)i-Pi) The number element is subarray 2, … … [ (L)i-1)(Oi-Pi)]To [ L ]iOi-(Li-1)Pi]Number unit is LiEach sub-array adopts 1 minute OiThe power divider carries out signal synthesis, thereby realizing the simulation of multi-beam formation and N1-OiThe power divider network forms a sub-array beam forming network layer, and LiOi-(Li-1)PiIs equal to M, and Oi＞Pi。
The array surface work is divided into two states of transmitting and receiving, wherein in the transmitting state, LiThe RF excitation signals are respectively passed through 1 minute OiThe power divider of (1) performs power distribution,is transmitted to LiThe single-pole N-throw switch is switched to a channel with an excitation signal, and the excitation signal is transmitted to the antenna unit through the power divider and radiated to the space; each subarray including OiAn antenna element, OiIn each antenna element, the non-overlapping part is (O)i-Pi) A unit cell with an overlapping part of PiWhen the unit normally works, the antenna unit at the non-overlapping part only has one path of excitation signal, the antenna unit at the overlapping part comprises two paths of excitation signals, and the two paths of excitation signals are synthesized by the power divider; the receiving state is the reverse of the transmitting state.
The antenna array surface is switched by the MEMS switch network, so that the reconfigurable function of the array surface multi-beam feed network is realized, and compared with a conventional electric switch, the MEMS switch matrix has the characteristics of low transmission loss, low cost and miniaturization, and can realize a large-scale low-cost reconfigurable overlapping sub-array antenna. The array surface adopts the subarray analog beam forming network to realize the beam forming function of the array surface, the use of digital devices is reduced compared with digital beam forming, the cost and the power consumption of a system are reduced, the grating lobe influence caused by subarray division can be reduced by using overlapped subarrays, and the array surface has the characteristics of low cost and high integration degree.

Claims (1)

1. A reconfigurable overlapping subarray antenna based on a MEMS switch matrix is characterized in that:
the reconfigurable overlapped subarray antenna based on the MEMS switch matrix comprises an antenna array, a power division feed network, an MEMS switch network and a subarray beam forming network layer;
each antenna unit in the antenna array is connected with a 1-to-2 power divider, the output of each antenna unit is connected with an MEMS switch network, each MEMS switch is a single-pole N-throw switch, the number of the MEMS switches is equal to that of the antenna units, the state number N of each MEMS switch determines the state number of the reconfigurable overlapped subarray antenna, and the output of each MEMS switch network is connected with the subarray beam forming network layer to realize different overlapped subarray multi-beams;
assuming that the antenna array has M antenna elements, each antenna element is connected to a 1/2 power divider,the output port is connected with a single-pole N-throw switch, and the number of the divided sub-arrays is LiThe number of each subarray unit is OiThe number of overlapping units of two adjacent sub-arrays is PiWherein i is 1, 2 … … N, 1 st to OiThe number unit is subarray 1, (O)i-Pi) To (2O)i-Pi) The number element is subarray 2, … … [ (L)i-1)(Oi-Pi)]To [ L ]iOi-(Li-1)Pi]Number unit is LiEach sub-array adopts 1 minute OiThe power divider carries out signal synthesis, thereby realizing the simulation of multi-beam formation and N1-OiThe power divider network forms a sub-array beam forming network layer, and LiOi-(Li-1)PiIs equal to M, and Oi＞Pi；
The reconfigurable overlapped subarray antenna is divided into two states of transmitting and receiving, wherein in the transmitting state, LiThe RF excitation signals are respectively passed through 1 minute OiThe power divider performs power distribution and transmits the power distribution to the LiThe single-pole N-throw switch is switched to a channel with an excitation signal, and the excitation signal is transmitted to the antenna unit through the power divider and radiated to the space; each subarray including OiAn antenna element, OiIn each antenna element, the non-overlapping part is (O)i-Pi) A unit cell with an overlapping part of PiWhen the unit normally works, the antenna unit at the non-overlapping part only has one path of excitation signal, the antenna unit at the overlapping part comprises two paths of excitation signals, and the two paths of excitation signals are synthesized by the power divider; the receiving state is the reverse of the transmitting state.
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