CN111082218A - Common-aperture composite antenna unit and phased-array antenna - Google Patents
Common-aperture composite antenna unit and phased-array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111082218A CN111082218A CN201911295916.3A CN201911295916A CN111082218A CN 111082218 A CN111082218 A CN 111082218A CN 201911295916 A CN201911295916 A CN 201911295916A CN 111082218 A CN111082218 A CN 111082218A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
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Abstract
The invention discloses a common-caliber composite antenna unit and a phased array antenna, wherein the composite antenna unit comprises: mounting a carrier plate, a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit; the first antenna unit includes: the radio frequency connector comprises a first dielectric substrate vertically arranged on an installation carrier plate, a first metal surface and a second metal surface which are respectively positioned on two side surfaces of the first dielectric substrate, and a first radio frequency connector; the first metal surface consists of two bent feed source arrays; the second antenna unit includes: the second dielectric substrate is vertically arranged on the mounting support plate, the third metal surface and the fourth metal surface are respectively positioned on two side surfaces of the second dielectric substrate, and the second radio frequency connector is arranged on the second dielectric substrate; the mounting support plate is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, and the first radio frequency connector and the second radio frequency connector are respectively fixed on the first through hole and the second through hole. The composite antenna units are all realized by adopting a printing array structure. The antenna can realize the characteristics of wider bandwidth, higher gain and the like, and has the advantages of compact structure, small size, low profile and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna design, in particular to a common-caliber composite antenna unit and a phased array antenna comprising the same.
Background
With the continuous development of wireless communication technology, wireless communication systems have supported mimo communication technology, that is, wireless signals are synchronously transmitted and received through multiple (or multiple) antennas, so that data throughput and transmission distance of the system can be effectively increased, spectrum efficiency and transmission rate of the wireless communication system are improved, and communication quality is improved. To implement the multi-tasking technique in the mimo function of the system, it is necessary to allocate multiple antennas to divide the space into multiple channels, thereby providing multiple antenna patterns. In addition, how to increase the operating frequency band of the antenna and combine the adaptive beam capability with the limited volume and cost is also a current research focus.
On the other hand, the phased array antenna has the advantages of rapid beam scanning, flexible beam forming, high reliability and the like, and is widely applied to the field of radar guidance and wireless communication. The traditional phased array antenna only has a single-frequency-band single-polarization working mode, and the mode can meet the application requirements of common radars and common communication systems. However, if the same radar device is used to obtain more target information or more flexible working modes, only one conventional phased array antenna with a single-band single-polarization working mode cannot meet the requirements, and a phased array antenna capable of realizing multiple working modes or multiple-band multi-stage working modes is needed. The antenna array surfaces with multi-frequency band and multi-polarization are simply integrated together, and mutual interference of all working modes is easy to occur, so that the performance of all working modes of the whole radar system with the multi-frequency and multi-polarization working modes is affected, and the design requirement cannot be met. Therefore, designing high-performance antenna elements is a necessary condition for realizing a high-performance phased array antenna.
In summary, as the integration degree of the system is higher and higher, the miniaturization requirement of the antenna size is higher and higher, and the phased array antenna device also needs to be designed more simply. Therefore, how to design a multi-frequency composite antenna and a phased-array antenna in a limited space and obtain good antenna performance has become a problem to be solved.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a high performance composite antenna to achieve the above functions.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to design a composite antenna for transceiving dual-band signals in a limited space and improving the quality of a signal transmission channel thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a common-aperture composite antenna unit, including: mounting a carrier plate, a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit; the first antenna unit includes: the first dielectric substrate is vertically arranged on the mounting support plate, the first metal surface and the second metal surface are respectively positioned on two side surfaces of the first dielectric substrate, and the first radio frequency connector is arranged on the first dielectric substrate; the first metal surface consists of two bent feed source arrays; the second antenna unit includes: the second dielectric substrate is vertically arranged on the mounting support plate, the third metal surface and the fourth metal surface are respectively positioned on two side surfaces of the second dielectric substrate, and the second radio frequency connector is arranged on the second dielectric substrate; the mounting support plate is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, and the first radio frequency connector and the second radio frequency connector are respectively fixed on the first through hole and the second through hole.
Preferably, the first metal surface and the third metal surface are antenna radiation surfaces.
Preferably, the second metal surface includes: the first radio frequency connector is connected with the second metal surface.
Preferably, the third metal surface includes: the antenna comprises an antenna port, an antenna feeder line, an impedance converter, a phase-shifting balun, a feed source oscillator, a director and a reflector, wherein the second radio frequency connector is connected with the third metal surface.
Preferably, the upper half part of the third metal surface is a radiation part, and the lower half part comprises a phase-shifting balun, an impedance converter and a feeder line.
Preferably, the fourth metal surface is used as a ground of the antenna port, the antenna feed line, the impedance transformer and the phase-shifting balun, and is also used as a reflector.
Preferably, the first rf connector and the second rf connector are both common 50 ohm coaxial feeds.
Preferably, the first through holes and the second through holes are arranged in a diagonal line.
Preferably, the mounting carrier plate is provided with a positioning long slit for mounting the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate.
The invention also provides a phased array antenna which is an array formed by the common-caliber composite antenna units.
Has the advantages that:
the invention designs a work in f_LAnd f_HThe composite microstrip antenna of the frequency band is realized by adopting a printed array structure, has the advantages of compact structure, small size, low profile and the like, reduces the size of the antenna by utilizing a bending form, and improves the system integration level by utilizing a universal TR component as a feed source. The composite antenna unit can be realized by using a common printed circuit board process, has simple structure, compact volume and low cost, and is easy to integrate other planar circuits. The composite antenna structure realized by the invention is regular and regular, so that the required array arrangement of the antenna array can be combined based on comprehensive current distribution, an expected antenna directional diagram is realized by adjusting the array arrangement of the phased array antenna, and the realization mode is simple.
The method has the following specific advantages:
(1) the composite antenna realizes the characteristics of wider bandwidth, higher gain and the like;
(2) compared to conventional design considerations, f_LAnd f_HThe antenna array formed by the frequency band composite antenna can be connected by adopting the same general TR components, has the advantage of easy integration and installation, can reduce the volume of a feed source, reduce the installation complexity and simultaneously improve the system integration level;
(3) the phased array antenna unit subarray modular design can be designed and realized, and the feeding mode of each port is simple, so that the phased array antenna unit subarray modular design is suitable for application in the fields of radar guidance and wireless communication;
(4) all parts of the whole antenna are produced by utilizing a printed circuit board process, so that the antenna is low in cost, high in precision, good in repeatability and suitable for mass production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a composite antenna element according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a mounting carrier of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front view of the first antenna element of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a reverse schematic view of the first antenna element of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of a second antenna unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second antenna unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a phased array antenna composed of composite antenna elements according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a directivity pattern of the first antenna element of the embodiment 1.
Fig. 9 is a pattern diagram of a second antenna element embodying example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a design of the composite antenna unit of the present invention includes: a mounting carrier plate 3, a radiating antenna unit. The radiating antenna element comprises a first antenna element 1 and a second antenna element 2. The first antenna unit 1 works in a first frequency band, the second antenna unit 2 works in a second frequency band, and the first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2 are jointly mounted on the mounting support plate 3. The radiation antenna unit is a microstrip antenna. The first antenna element 1 and the second antenna element 2 are arranged in parallel and fixed in relative position.
As shown in fig. 2 to 5, the mounting carrier plate 3 is provided with a mounting through hole, the mounting through hole is divided into a first through hole 31 and a second through hole 32, and the mounting positions of the first through hole 31 and the second through hole 32 are fixed. The first through hole 31 and the second through hole 32 are respectively used for fixedly mounting the first radio frequency connector 13 and the second radio frequency connector 22 of different frequency bands, and the first radio frequency connector 13 and the second radio frequency connector 22 are both universal 50-ohm coaxial feed. To improve isolation and reduce coupling between the antenna elements, the first and second vias 31 and 32 for feeding the first and second rf connectors 13 and 22 are arranged diagonally. The antenna structure is provided with different groups of mounting through holes on the same mounting support plate to place antenna units with different frequency bands, so that a multi-band working mode is realized in the same antenna aperture space. The mounting through holes designed on the same mounting carrier plate have consistent structures, so that the same feeding mode can be realized, and multi-frequency common-caliber feeding is realized. On the other hand, the through holes of different groups are respectively arranged at fixed intervals, which is beneficial to reducing the production cost and facilitating the process manufacture. Regular antenna aperture also helps to enable further expansion of the array.
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, the first antenna unit 1 includes: the antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate 11, a first metal surface 12, a second metal surface 14 and a first radio frequency connector 13. The first metal surface 12 and the second metal surface 14 are respectively located on both side surfaces (front and back surfaces) of the first dielectric substrate 11. The first dielectric substrate 11 is inserted into the mounting carrier 3 through the positioning slits (the first positioning holes 33 and the first positioning holes 34) in the vertical direction. The first metal plane 12 is a radiation plane of the first antenna unit 1 and is composed of two bent feed source arrays. The first metal plane 12 acts as the ground for the microstrip line circuit (port, feed, impedance transformer and balun) and also acts as a reflector for the antenna. The first antenna unit is designed into an umbrella-shaped model based on a micro-strip printed oscillator structure, the umbrella arms opened at two sides of the first metal surface 12 are dipole arms of the antenna, the working frequency band of the antenna is determined, and the size of the whole antenna in the horizontal direction can be reduced by cutting at a proper angle. The second metal plane 14 is a back metal conductor, which is a balanced feed structure, and has a length of about λ/4. The second metal plane 14 includes three parts of a transmission microstrip line, a balun, and a microstrip open-circuit line. The microstrip balun and the dipole arm share the same ground. Compared with other oscillator structures, the umbrella-shaped oscillator has a compact structure, can realize broadband characteristics, and has stable gain in the whole passband. The first rf connector 13 is connected to the second metal plane 14 through the first through hole 31 in the vertical direction, so as to complete feeding of the first antenna element 1. The second metal surface 14 realizes a coaxial-to-microstrip feed structure based on a feedback mode. Compared with the traditional bottom feed, the designed antenna is more compact in overall size, and the bandwidth of the antenna is widened.
As shown in fig. 2, 5 and 6, the second antenna unit 2 includes: a second dielectric substrate 21, a third metal face 23, a fourth metal face 24 and a second radio frequency connector 22. The third metal surface 23 and the fourth metal surface 24 are respectively located on both side surfaces (front and back surfaces) of the second dielectric substrate 21. The second dielectric substrate 21 is inserted into the mounting carrier 3 through the positioning slits (the second positioning holes 35 and the second positioning holes 36) in the vertical direction. The third metal surface 23 is a radiation surface of the second antenna unit 2, and is composed of an antenna port, an antenna feeder, an impedance converter, a phase-shifting balun 232, a feed oscillator, a director 231, and a reflector. The third metal plane 23 is fed by the second radio frequency connector 22. The upper half of the third metal plane 23 is a radiating part and includes a printed dipole and a director 231, and the lower half realizes the conversion from the radio frequency connector to a coplanar strip line, including a phase-shifting balun 232, an impedance transformer and a feeder line. The phase shifting balun 232 acts as a broadband balun. The fourth metal face 24 is a reflector. The fourth metal plane 24, the substrate back side conductor, serves both as ground for the microstrip line circuit (port, feed, impedance transformer and balun) and as reflector for the antenna. The second rf connector 22 is connected to the third metal plane 23 through the second through hole 32 in the vertical direction, so as to complete feeding of the second antenna element 2.
The dielectric substrate serves as a carrier of the radiating antenna unit, and the first dielectric substrate 11 and the second dielectric substrate 21 are selected to be independent.
Because the beamforming of a phased array antenna depends on the positional arrangement of each composite antenna element in the array and the corresponding current distribution. Therefore, the composite antenna element based on the designed structural rule can be flexibly combined with a predetermined aperture size.
The designed first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2 are arranged on a mounting carrier plate 3 to form a composite antenna unit. In consideration of the coupling between the two antenna elements, the simulation of the composite antenna element needs to be optimized in the later period.
In the invention, the designed composite antenna unit has a regular structure, and can realize the modularization of the subarrays, thereby forming an array which is distributed on the whole aperture surface. Because each individual through hole corresponds to an independent antenna element, the feeding can be carried out through the radio frequency connector. There are three different combinations of antenna elements in a phased array antenna.
The first arrangement is as follows: the two antenna units are regularly and uniformly arranged.
The second arrangement is: one of the antenna units is regularly and uniformly distributed, and the other antenna unit is thinly distributed.
The third arrangement is: the two antenna units are both in a sparse array.
It should be noted that the arrangement of the antenna elements in the sparse array is an irregular sparse array calculated by a sparse optimization algorithm.
Each antenna unit of the composite antenna unit corresponds to one radio frequency connector through an independent through hole, and when the antenna units are all in a regular array and are distributed on the whole aperture surface, grating lobes of a high-frequency array surface can appear in a beam scanning range, the performance of the antenna can be influenced, and the system application is not allowed. On one hand, energy dispersion is caused by the existence of the grating lobe, so that the detection distance of the system is shortened, and on the other hand, the target misjudgment is caused by the overhigh grating lobe. Therefore, the phased array antenna of the uniform array is suitable for the case of low frequency.
The uniform array and the sparse array are mixed for use, and the beam of the antenna can be ensured not to have grating lobes in the beam scanning range. Therefore, while the low-frequency antenna units adopt the regular array and are fully distributed on the whole aperture surface, the antenna units of the high-frequency array adopt the irregular layout mode of the sparse array;
aiming at the composite antenna units which work at high frequency, the irregular layout mode of the sparse array is adopted, and the condition that the wave beams of the antenna can not generate grating lobes in the wave beam scanning range can be ensured.
Examples
The embodiment designs a working under f_L(Low Frequency, Low band) and f_H(High Frequency, High band) band composite antenna. Working at f_LThe dielectric substrate adopted by the antenna of the frequency band is Arlon AD600, the thickness is 0.508mm, and the relative dielectric constant is 6.15. The first metal surface and the second metal surface are realized by adopting a printed circuit board process. Working at f_HThe dielectric substrate adopted by the antenna of the frequency band is Arlon AD100, the thickness is 0.254mm, and the relative dielectric constant is 10.2. The third metal surface and the fourth metal surface are realized by adopting a printed circuit board process. The feeding positions of the two radio frequency connectors are fixed. The size of the mounting plate is as follows: 13.5 mm. times.13.5 mm. times.0.254 mm. f \L1Represents the Low Frequency (Low Frequency) Frequency starting point to f _L2A Low Frequency (Low Frequency) end point; f \H1Indicating a High Frequency (High Frequency) Frequency starting point to f \ uH2High Frequency (High Frequency) termination point.
From fig. 8 and 9, it can be derived that: the first antenna element of the composite antenna is at f \LThe lobe width of the E-plane and H-plane of 3dB is 83 °; at f \ uL1To fL2In the frequency range, the standing wave is less than 2, and the standing wave bandwidth of the antenna is 6%; antenna radiation pattern from f \uL1To fL2Has no great change; at f \ uLThe maximum gain is 5.18 dB; the second antenna unit of the composite antenna is at f \ uHThe lobe widths of the E plane and the H plane of 3dB are 83 degrees; at f \ uH1To fH2In the frequency range, the standing wave is less than 2, and the standing wave bandwidth of the antenna is 6%; antenna radiation pattern from f \uH1To fH2Has no great change; the antenna is at fH2There is a maximum gain of 5.18 dB. As shown in fig. 7, a schematic diagram of phased array antenna subarray arrangement is provided.
The invention provides a dual-frequency common-caliber composite microstrip antenna unit and a phased array antenna composed of the unit, wherein the dual-frequency common-caliber means that radio frequency connectors of dual frequency bands are jointly installed on the same installation carrier plate. The through holes arranged on the same mounting carrier plate are set to be different groups of universal through holes, the universal TR components (transceiving components) are used as feed sources to feed different groups of antenna units, and the arrangement intervals of the feed ports are fixed, so that the production cost is reduced, and the process manufacturing is facilitated. Meanwhile, due to the structural rule of the designed composite antenna unit, on the basis, the common-caliber high-performance phased array composite antenna array can be realized by reasonably arranging the distribution and arrangement design of the antenna units.
In summary, the composite antenna unit structure designed by the present invention is regular, and the composite antenna unit can be flexibly combined under the specified aperture size. The array structure design of the phased array antenna can be flexibly adjusted to realize the common-aperture high-performance phased array composite antenna array and realize an expected antenna directional diagram, so that a dual-band working mode is realized in the same antenna aperture space, and the realization mode is simple.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. A common aperture composite antenna element, comprising: mounting a carrier plate, a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit;
the first antenna unit includes: the first dielectric substrate is vertically arranged on the mounting support plate, the first metal surface and the second metal surface are respectively positioned on two side surfaces of the first dielectric substrate, and the first radio frequency connector is arranged on the first dielectric substrate; the first metal surface consists of two bent feed source arrays;
the second antenna unit includes: the second dielectric substrate is vertically arranged on the mounting support plate, the third metal surface and the fourth metal surface are respectively positioned on two side surfaces of the second dielectric substrate, and the second radio frequency connector is arranged on the second dielectric substrate;
the mounting support plate is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, and the first radio frequency connector and the second radio frequency connector are respectively fixed on the first through hole and the second through hole.
2. A co-aperture composite antenna element according to claim 1, wherein said first metal plane and said third metal plane are antenna radiating planes.
3. A co-aperture composite antenna element according to claim 1, wherein said second metal plane comprises: the first radio frequency connector is connected with the second metal surface.
4. A co-aperture composite antenna element according to claim 1, wherein said third metal plane comprises: the antenna comprises an antenna port, an antenna feeder line, an impedance converter, a phase-shifting balun, a feed source oscillator, a director and a reflector, wherein the second radio frequency connector is connected with the third metal surface.
5. A co-aperture composite antenna element according to claim 4, wherein the upper half of the third metallic plane is a radiating portion and the lower half comprises a phase shifting balun, an impedance transformer and a feed line.
6. A co-aperture composite antenna element according to claim 4, wherein said fourth metal plane acts as a ground for said antenna port, antenna feed, impedance transformer, phase shifting balun and also acts as a reflector.
7. A co-aperture composite antenna element according to claim 1, wherein said first rf connector and said second rf connector are both commonly used 50 ohm coaxial feeds.
8. A co-aperture composite antenna element according to claim 1, wherein said first and second apertures are arranged diagonally.
9. The co-aperture composite antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the mounting carrier has a positioning slot for mounting the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate.
10. A phased array antenna, characterised in that the phased array antenna is an array of co-aperture composite antenna elements as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911295916.3A CN111082218A (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2019-12-16 | Common-aperture composite antenna unit and phased-array antenna |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911295916.3A CN111082218A (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2019-12-16 | Common-aperture composite antenna unit and phased-array antenna |
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| CN111082218A true CN111082218A (en) | 2020-04-28 |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN112310630A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-02-02 | 西安电子科技大学 | Wide-band high-gain printed antenna |
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Application publication date: 20200428 |