CN110649397B - Reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna of integrated reflective array - Google Patents
Reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna of integrated reflective array Download PDFInfo
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- CN110649397B CN110649397B CN201910925039.7A CN201910925039A CN110649397B CN 110649397 B CN110649397 B CN 110649397B CN 201910925039 A CN201910925039 A CN 201910925039A CN 110649397 B CN110649397 B CN 110649397B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
Abstract
The invention relates to a reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna of an integrated reflective array, which comprises: planar reflective array antenna and phased array antenna, wherein, planar reflective array antenna includes: the array antenna comprises a metal back plate and reflecting units, wherein a plurality of reflecting unit arrays are arranged on the plane of the metal back plate facing the phased array antenna; each reflection unit is connected to the antenna controller through an MEMS switch so that the antenna controller controls the reflection unit to be switched on or off by controlling the on-off of the MEMS switch, and the reflection unit performs phase compensation on electromagnetic signals radiated by the phased array antenna; and the phase center of the phased array antenna is superposed with the focus of the planar reflection array antenna. By applying the embodiment of the invention, the reconfigurable high-gain antenna with composite characteristics can be provided for the front end.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an antenna, in particular to a reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna integrated with a reflective array.
Background
One of the important directions in the development of modern integrated communication systems is: high capacity, multiple functions and intellectualization. Obviously, by improving the system capacity, increasing the system function and optimizing the system algorithm, on the one hand, the ever-expanding practical requirements can be met.
At present, the patent document with the application number of CN201410033925.6 discloses a reflection array antenna beam scanning antenna based on a rotating phase shift surface technology, and the invention designs a reflection array beam scanning antenna based on a rotating phase shift surface technology, which comprises a radiation unit antenna and a reflection array panel; the reflection array flat plate comprises a polarization beam microstrip reflection array layer and a high-transmittance phase shift surface layer; the bias wave beam micro-strip reflection array layer is a micro-strip reflection array flat plate capable of realizing wave beam deflection of the radiation unit, and the high-transmittance phase shift surface layer is a phase shift surface flat plate capable of realizing plane wave beam deflection; the two are stacked and assembled into a reflection array flat plate at certain air intervals; the radiation unit antenna adopts a positive feed type; the antenna beam scanning can be realized by respectively rotating the two layers by taking the central axis of the reflecting array flat plate as an axis. The invention has simple structure, easy manufacture, response to any polarized electromagnetic wave, suitability for transmitting and receiving any polarized electromagnetic wave and high power bearing capacity.
Therefore, most of researches on the traditional directional diagram reconfigurable antenna are to realize the functions of the existing antenna again, and the traditional directional diagram reconfigurable antenna is an antenna with only a single function. Therefore, a multifunctional miniaturized integrated communication system designed for different communication application scenarios provides a reconfigurable high-gain antenna with composite characteristics for the front end of the system, which is a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to provide a reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna integrated with a reflective array so as to solve the technical problem of how to provide a reconfigurable high-gain antenna with composite characteristics for a front end in the prior art.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical means:
the embodiment of the invention provides a reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna of an integrated reflective array, which comprises: planar reflective array antennas and phased array antennas, wherein,
the phased array antenna comprises a plurality of radiating units arranged in an array, and the phase center of the phased array antenna is superposed with the focus of the planar reflection array antenna;
the planar reflective array antenna includes: the array antenna comprises a metal back plate and reflecting units, wherein a plurality of reflecting unit arrays are arranged on the plane of the metal back plate facing the phased array antenna;
each reflection unit is connected to the antenna controller through the MEMS switch so that the antenna controller controls the reflection unit to be switched on or off by controlling the on-off of the MEMS switch, and the reflection unit performs phase compensation on electromagnetic signals radiated by the phased array antenna.
By applying the embodiment of the invention, the reflecting unit is arranged on the planar reflective array antenna, the MEMS switch is switched off when the main direction wave beam needs to be transmitted or received, the wave beam with weaker directionality is formed at the aperture surface, and the MEMS switch is switched on when the specific direction wave beam needs to be transmitted or received, so that the reflecting unit can implement the equal-phase radiation at the aperture after carrying out phase compensation on the wave beam, and compared with the planar reflective array high-gain antenna in the prior art, the equal-phase radiation at the aperture can be implemented on the basis of keeping the traditional function of the planar reflective array high-gain antenna in the prior art, and the function of the planar reflective array high-gain antenna is expanded.
Optionally, a dielectric layer is further disposed on a plane of the planar reflective array antenna facing the phased array antenna;
the reflecting unit is fixed on the dielectric layer.
Optionally, the reflection unit is disposed conformal to the dielectric layer.
Optionally, the radiation element array is disposed at a focus of the parabolic cylinder reflective array for bias feeding; and the focal length of the parabolic cylinder reflection array is greater than the working wavelength of the phased array antenna.
Optionally, the radiation mode of the radiation unit array includes:
and forming a constant phase plane at the aperture position of the beam radiated by the radiation unit by the constant-amplitude and same-phase radiation of the planar reflective array antenna.
Optionally, the center distance between the reflection units is: 0.5 lambda < S < lambda, wherein,
s is the center distance between the reflecting units; and lambda is the working wavelength of the reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna.
Optionally, the calculation formula of the phase compensation value of the reflection unit includes:
Φ＝k0(Rn-xnsinθr)+Φ0wherein, in the step (A),
phi is a phase compensation value of the reflection unit; k is a radical of0Is the electromagnetic wave propagation constant of free space; rnIs the distance x from the phase center of the radiation unit array to the n-th reflection unitnThe distance from the nth reflecting unit to the central reference unit in the array; thetarThe reflection angle of the reflected electromagnetic wave relative to the tangent of the parabolic cylinder; phi0Is the reference phase.
Optionally, the reflection unit has a low-profile structure, and includes: one or a combination of reflection units with the same size and different rotation angles, an open gap rectangular open-loop reflection unit and a square cross-shaped groove reflection unit.
Optionally, the radiation unit includes: one or a combination of dipoles, microstrip patches, coupling laminated patches, rectangular waveguides and circular horns.
The invention has the advantages that:
by applying the embodiment of the invention, the reflecting unit is arranged on the planar reflective array antenna, the MEMS switch is switched off when the main direction wave beam needs to be transmitted or received, the wave beam with weaker directionality is formed at the aperture surface, and the MEMS switch is switched on when the specific direction wave beam needs to be transmitted or received, so that the reflecting unit can perform phase compensation on the wave beam and then realize equal-phase radiation at the aperture.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic distribution diagram of reflection units in a reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna of an integrated reflective array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna integrated with a reflective array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a phased array antenna in a reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna of an integrated reflective array according to an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a working principle of an integrated reflective array in the case of an open MEMS switch in a reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a working principle when an MEMS switch in a reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna of an integrated reflective array is turned on according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a schematic distribution diagram of a reflecting unit 2 in a reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna 3 of an integrated reflective array according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the antenna includes: a planar reflective array antenna 3 and a phased array antenna 1, wherein,
the phased array antenna 1 is composed of an array of 64 circular-caliber horn units. The radio frequency end of the phased array antenna 1 is composed of modules such as a power supply, a T/R component, a beam forming module 6 and the like, the beam forming module 6 is connected with a receiving and transmitting channel of the T/R component, and the beam forming module 6 is internally provided with a digital phase shifter, a digital attenuator and an ASIC wave control chip and can control 5 amplitude and phase values of each circular-caliber horn unit; the circular caliber horn unit 5 is connected with the T/R assembly, the T/R assembly and the beam forming module 6 in a blind matching mode. The phased array antenna 1 has a fixed phase center, the whole aperture of an active array surface is small, the aperture field phase deviation is not large, and the aperture of a radiation unit can be approximately considered to have an in-phase field. The phase center of the phased array antenna 1 coincides with the focal point of the planar reflective array antenna 3. The circular caliber horn unit 5 works in a Ka frequency band, the caliber size is 24mm, a transceiving common caliber system is adopted, the polarization mode is double circular polarization, and wave beam polarization can be defined. The focal length of the planar reflective array is larger than the operating wavelength of the phased array antenna 1, and may be, for example, 100 times, 500 times, 1000 times, 2000 times, etc. the operating wavelength of the phased array antenna 1. In addition, in order to reduce the processing cost and suppress the radiation grating lobes of the phased array antenna 1, a triangular array is adopted for the wavefront layout.
The planar reflective array antenna 3 includes: the phased array antenna comprises a metal back plate 4 and reflecting units 2, wherein a plurality of reflecting units 2 are uniformly distributed to form a planar array, the planar array is arranged on a plane of the metal back plate 4 facing the phased array antenna 1 and is a metal microstrip patch with different sizes, and the size of the patch is determined by a phase value of each unit of the radiating unit array needing compensation. To facilitate the requirements of controlling the grating lobes of the array factor of the array of reflection elements 2, the mutual coupling effect between the reflection elements 2 and the discrete distribution, the center-to-center distances between the reflection elements 2 are: s is more than 0.5 lambda and less than lambda, wherein S is the center distance between the reflecting units 2; and lambda is the working wavelength of the reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna 3. The phases compensated by different sizes of the reflecting unit 2 need to be cycled by taking 360 degrees as a period, so that integral multiples of wavelengths can be directly eliminated. The metal back plate 4 is a spatially symmetrical square flat plate, the caliber side length is 21 lambda, wherein lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency. The metal back plate 4 has one degree of freedom in both the pitch plane and the azimuth plane, and the two-dimensional phase control scanning characteristic of the radiation unit beam is maintained.
Each reflection unit 2 is connected to an antenna controller through an MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) switch so that the antenna controller controls the on/off of the MEMS switch to control whether the reflection unit 2 is turned on, and the reflection unit 2 performs phase compensation on an electromagnetic signal radiated by the phased array antenna 1; and forming a constant phase plane at the aperture of the beam radiated by the radiation unit 4 by the constant-amplitude and same-phase radiation of the planar reflective array antenna 3.
Illustratively, the radio frequency part of the array antenna 1 in the embodiment of the present invention is designed by using a multi-channel, transceiving and aperture sharing technology, and can feed the planar reflective array in two modes. The two working modes are a phase control scanning mode and a unit amplitude phase fixing mode respectively.
When the embodiment of the invention is applied, when a communication system needs to form a wave beam or is adaptive to anti-interference, the phased array antenna 1 works in a phased scanning mode, the MEMS switch loaded by the reflection unit 2 is switched off, the signal of the processing module is sent to the wave beam forming module 6, the signal is sent to the T/R component after being weighted, phase-shifted and delayed in the wave beam forming module 6, the signal enters the aperture surface of the active phased array after being filtered and amplified by the T/R component, a two-dimensional phased scanning wave beam is formed on the aperture surface, the weighting phase is controlled only by the phase shifter at the rear end of the phased array antenna 1, and the scanning wave beam radiated by the phased array antenna 1 is reflected by the metal back plate 4 and then is reflected by the plane reflection array to realize a high-gain two-dimensional phase control function in a far field.
By applying the embodiment of the invention, when a communication system needs to fix multi-beam coverage, the phased array antenna 1 is adjusted to be in a unit amplitude and phase fixed mode, the beam forming module 6 does not perform weighting, phase shifting and other processing, the MEMS switches loaded by the reflecting unit 2 are communicated, 64 receiving beams from a far field excite the reflecting array unit 2 to generate induced currents, the induced currents are transmitted to an active phased array aperture surface of the phased array antenna 1 after phases are compensated by the reflecting array, 64 circular aperture horn units 4 on an active antenna array surface receive corresponding beams, and 64 independent beam signals are formed after filtering and amplification by a T/R component and are transmitted to a rear-end processing module. The reconfigurable wave beam is introduced in the embodiment of the invention, and the flexibility of the comprehensive communication system is enhanced by multiplexing the T/R component at the rear end of the feeder link, thereby realizing the intellectualization and the multifunctionalization of the comprehensive communication system.
In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the reflection unit 2 has a low-profile structure, and includes: one or a combination of the reflecting units 2 with the same size and different rotation angles, the open-slot rectangular open-loop reflecting unit 2 and the square cross-slot reflecting unit 2. The reflecting unit 2 can be made of copper plate, aluminum plate or stainless steel plate by PCB process.
The radiation unit includes: one or a combination of dipoles, microstrip patches, coupling laminated patches, rectangular waveguides and circular horns.
In practical applications, the formula Φ ═ k may be used in advance0(Rn-xnsinθr)+Φ0Calculating a phase compensation value of each reflection unit 2, wherein Φ is the phase compensation value of the reflection unit 2; k is a radical of0Is the electromagnetic wave propagation constant of free space; rnIs the distance x from the phase center of the array of radiating elements 4 to the nth reflecting element 2nThe distance from the nth reflecting unit 2 to the central reference unit in the array; thetarThe reflection angle of the reflected electromagnetic wave relative to the tangent of the parabolic cylinder; phi0Is the reference phase.
By applying the embodiment of the invention, the reflecting unit 2 is arranged on the planar reflective array antenna 3, when the wave beam in the main direction needs to be transmitted or received, the MEMS switch is switched off, the wave beam with weaker directionality is formed at the aperture surface, and when the wave beam in the specific direction needs to be transmitted or received, the MEMS switch is switched on, so that the reflecting unit 2 can implement the equal-phase radiation at the aperture after carrying out phase compensation on the wave beam, and compared with the planar reflective array high-gain antenna in the prior art, the equal-phase radiation at the aperture can be implemented on the basis of keeping the traditional function thereof, and the function of the planar reflective array high-gain antenna is expanded.
In addition, the antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention integrates the reflective array antenna and the planar reflective array antenna 3 on the premise of not increasing the cost, the weight and the volume, provides two optional high-gain wave beams on the same aperture surface, improves the safety and the stability of a comprehensive communication system, and realizes the multifunction, low cost and intellectualization of the front end of the system.
In addition, in order to realize multiple communications on the same communication platform in the prior art, various front-end antennas of different types are usually erected on the platform, so that the redundancy of a system, the low area utilization rate and the substantial increase of the cost are caused. On the other hand, the increased number of communication subsystems mounted on the same platform increases the overall cost of the integrated communication system, increases the system weight, increases the radar cross section of the system, and further leads to poor electromagnetic compatibility. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention can also reduce the weight of the system and improve the electromagnetic compatibility.
Finally, the multi-beam reflective array in the embodiment of the invention expands the traditional frequency domain phase matching technology to the spatial domain phase matching technology, provides multiple degrees of freedom by using different spatial positions of the phased array antenna 1 relative to the planar reflective array, realizes the phase consistency of the radiation aperture surface through the phase compensation of the reflective array, and then realizes multi-beam coverage in a far field. Therefore, array surface unit resources of the phased array radiation unit are fully excavated, the degree of freedom of the antenna is greatly expanded, and multi-phase information compensation is realized.
Example 2
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna 3 of an integrated reflective array according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a phased array antenna 1 in a reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna 3 of an integrated reflective array according to an embodiment of the present invention,
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, embodiment 2 of the present invention is different from embodiment 1 of the present invention in that the array of radiation elements 4 is disposed at the focal point of the parabolic cylinder reflective array for bias feeding; and the focal length of the parabolic cylinder reflection array is greater than the working wavelength of the phased array antenna 1.
But rather is off-set from the center of the metal reflective plane. The introduction of the offset radiation unit 41 eliminates the shielding of the plane reflection array radiation electromagnetic wave, thereby improving the problems of gain reduction, side lobe level increase and the like of the antenna caused by shielding, and improving the standing-wave ratio of the antenna.
Illustratively, the radiation unit 4 is a standard circular waveguide horn antenna, the circular aperture horn unit operates in the Ka band, the aperture size is D equal to 24mm, a transmit-receive common-aperture system is adopted, the polarization mode is dual circular polarization, beam polarization can be defined, and the rear-end processing module is connected through a coaxial cable. In order to avoid the influence of the radiation unit 4 on the characteristics of the reflected beam and ensure that the beam radiated by the metal plane reflection array does not influence the normal operation of the radiation unit 4, the design angle of the axial direction of the radiation unit 4 is phi 32.5 degrees. The aperture of the radiation unit 4 is uniformly irradiated, and the energy leakage at the edge of the parabolic cylinder is ensured to be minimized.
In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, a dielectric layer 3 is further disposed on a plane of the planar reflective array antenna 3 facing the phased array antenna 1; the reflecting unit 2 is fixed on the dielectric layer 3. In order to reduce the radiation loss of the reflection unit 22, the dielectric layer 3 is made of a material with a low dielectric constant, a low loss tangent angle and a low water absorption rate, and the plate thickness h is selected to be 0.05 λ in order to suppress surface waves and ensure a certain operating bandwidth.
It should be noted that the material used for the dielectric layer 3 is an existing material, and a user can select the material according to actual needs without affecting the application effect of the embodiment of the present invention.
Further, the reflection unit 2 is disposed in a conformal manner with the dielectric layer 3.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a working principle when an MEMS switch in the reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna 3 of the integrated reflective array according to the embodiment of the present invention is turned off; fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a working principle when an MEMS switch in the reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna 3 of the integrated reflective array is turned on according to the embodiment of the present invention. The operation principle shown in fig. 4 and 5 is the same as that in embodiment 1, except that bias feeding is performed in embodiment 2, and the embodiment of the present invention is not described herein again.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna incorporating a reflective array, the antenna comprising: planar reflective array antennas and phased array antennas, wherein,
the phased array antenna comprises a plurality of radiating units arranged in an array, and the phase center of the phased array antenna is superposed with the focus of the planar reflection array antenna;
the planar reflective array antenna includes: the array antenna comprises a metal back plate and reflecting units, wherein a plurality of reflecting unit arrays are arranged on the plane of the metal back plate facing the phased array antenna;
each reflection unit is connected to the antenna controller through an MEMS switch so that the antenna controller controls the reflection unit to be switched on or off by controlling the on-off of the MEMS switch, and the reflection unit performs phase compensation on electromagnetic signals radiated by the phased array antenna;
the reflecting unit is arranged on the planar reflective array antenna, when the main direction wave beam needs to be transmitted or received, the MEMS switch is switched off, the wave beam with weak directionality is formed at the aperture surface, and when the specific direction wave beam needs to be transmitted or received, the MEMS switch is switched on, so that the reflecting unit performs phase compensation on the wave beam and performs equal-phase radiation at the aperture surface.
2. The reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein a dielectric layer is further disposed on a plane of the planar reflective array antenna facing the phased array antenna;
the reflecting unit is fixed on the dielectric layer.
3. The reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna of claim 2, wherein the reflective elements are disposed conformal to the dielectric layer.
4. The reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating element array is disposed at a focus of the parabolic cylindrical reflective array for bias feeding; and the focal length of the parabolic cylinder reflection array is larger than the working wavelength of the phased array antenna.
5. The reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein the center-to-center distances between the reflective units are as follows: 0.5 lambda < S < lambda, wherein,
s is the center distance between the reflecting units; and lambda is the working wavelength of the reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna.
6. The reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the formula for calculating the phase compensation value of the reflective unit comprises:
Φ＝k0(Rn-xnsinθr)+Φ0wherein, in the step (A),
phi is the phase compensation value of the reflection unit；k0Is the electromagnetic wave propagation constant of free space; rnIs the distance x from the phase center of the radiation unit array to the n-th reflection unitnThe distance from the nth reflecting unit to the central reference unit in the array; thetarThe reflection angle of the reflected electromagnetic wave relative to the tangent of the parabolic cylinder; phi0Is the reference phase.
7. The reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna of claim 6, wherein the reflective unit has a low-profile structure and comprises: one or a combination of reflection units with the same size and different rotation angles, an open gap rectangular open-loop reflection unit and a square cross-shaped groove reflection unit.
8. The reconfigurable planar reflective array antenna of claim 6, wherein the reflective unit comprises: one or a combination of dipoles, microstrip patches, coupling laminated patches, rectangular waveguides and circular horns.
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| US7061447B1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2006-06-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force. | Reconfigurable antennas using microelectromechanical (MEMs) shutters and methods to utilize such |
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| CN108808260B (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2021-07-06 | 电子科技大学 | Modified cylindrical surface/spherical luneberg lens antenna based on phased array feed |
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| CN201877576U (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2011-06-22 | 华南理工大学 | Curve array feed source bifocal parabolic reflecting plane space power synthetic antenna |
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| CN106450789A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-02-22 | 电子科技大学 | Low-profile lens antenna based on reflective array feed |
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