CN210074129U - Multi-beam offset feed source reflector antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a multi-beam offset feed plane of reflection antenna, including the installation base, in install reflecting panel and feed base on the installation base, in install a cluster feed on the feed base, the cluster feed includes a plurality of feeds, each the phase place center of feed all is located on reflecting panel's the focal plane, and one of them the phase place center of feed with reflecting panel's focus coincidence, in addition each the phase place center of feed is skew reflecting panel's focus. The utility model discloses an among the antenna, only central feed phase center and parabolic focus coincidence, other each feed phase center fit a contraceptive ring focus evenly distributed on the focal plane, all are in the horizontal state of being partially burnt, reach the function of radiation scanning, can realize the multi-beam radiation function.

Description

Multi-beam offset feed source reflector antenna

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an antenna especially relates to a multi-beam offset feed plane of reflection antenna.

Background

To cope with the rapid increase in modern communication capacity and to meet the communication demands of multiple target areas, communication systems with multiple antenna beams have been developed. The multi-beam antenna can generate a plurality of beams simultaneously or according to time sequence and time sharing, each beam completes independent communication tasks, in mobile communication, the multi-beam communication technology can be applied to a frequently-changed wireless environment, the multi-path fading phenomenon can be effectively resisted, the null direction can be adjusted to reduce interference, a main lobe can be pointed to a required user to reduce energy consumption and increase communication capacity, larger beam coverage can be provided through beam switching, the signal to noise ratio is improved by utilizing the space diversity characteristic of signals, the high data transmission rate is maintained, and the channel capacity is improved. The multi-beam antenna can not only isolate the beam space, but also cover a larger area with high gain, is a research hotspot of satellite communication, and will become a mainstream antenna of a new generation of mobile communication with the arrival of the 5G era and the emergence of low-orbit satellites of the future mobile communication.

The multi-beam antenna can be divided into three basic types of a reconstruction antenna, a transmission type and a reflection type according to the structure. The reconfigurable antenna comprises a structure reconfigurable antenna and an electric reconfigurable antenna, and both the phased array antenna and the MIMO antenna belong to the electric reconfigurable antenna, namely the change of the antenna beam direction is realized by adjusting the amplitude and the phase of the TR component and then feeding the antenna to the array antenna. The transmission type multi-beam antenna adopts a Luneberg lens technology, namely a spherical multi-surface refractive lens, electromagnetic waves are fed in from one end of the lens, high-gain radiation is formed at the other end of the lens, the feeding direction of the electromagnetic waves is changed (a single probe is moved to change the direction or a plurality of probes with different directions are adopted), and the radiation direction of the antenna is changed along with the change of the feeding direction of the electromagnetic waves, so that multi-beam radiation is formed. The reflection type multi-beam antenna adopts a plurality of independent beam feed sources to irradiate a parabolic reflecting surface together or adopts a feed source movement deflection mode to realize high-gain multi-beam radiation. The reflector antenna is easy to process and low in cost, and is an ideal choice for realizing a multi-beam and large-bandwidth antenna.

However, the phased array or MIMO technology uses a local aperture mode to realize multiple beams, the reduction of the aperture leads to gain reduction, and the technology has high technical requirements on an active circuit (TR component), which brings complexity and cost improvement and reliability reduction. Lens multi-beam and reflective multi-beam antennas are sensitive to antenna machining and installation tolerances, and beam deviation from the target can result without effective means of calibration for motion errors in use.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to overcome prior art's defect, provide a multi-beam offset feed plane of reflection antenna.

The utility model discloses a realize like this:

an embodiment of the utility model provides a multi-beam offset feed plane of reflection antenna, including the installation base, in install reflection panel and feed base on the installation base, in install the feed of cluster on the feed base, the feed of cluster includes a plurality of feeds, each the phase place center of feed all is located on reflection panel's the focal plane, and one of them the phase place center of feed with reflection panel's focus coincidence, in addition each the phase place center of feed is skew reflection panel's focus.

Further, the reflection panel is installed on the installation base through an installation bracket, and the installation bracket is rotatably connected with the installation base.

Further, phase centers of the feeds, which are offset from the focal point of the reflective panel, are uniformly distributed annularly around the focal point of the reflective panel.

Furthermore, one side of the feed source base facing the reflection panel is provided with mounting holes corresponding to the feed sources one to one, and one of the mounting holes is located in the center position surrounded by the other mounting holes.

Further, the feed source includes circular polarizer, horn antenna and circular waveguide, the horn antenna orientation reflection panel sets up, circular polarizer install to on the feed source base, circular waveguide connects circular polarizer with horn antenna, and in circular waveguide surface mounting has a plurality of couplers, each the coupler is followed circular waveguide's circumference sets gradually.

Furthermore, the circular polarizer is provided with a mounting end and a waveguide cavity, the waveguide cavity is connected with the circular waveguide through the mounting end, the waveguide cavity is provided with a circular waveguide part butted with the circular waveguide and a square waveguide part communicated with the circular waveguide part, one end, far away from the circular waveguide part, of the square waveguide part is blocked by a waveguide short circuit plate, a partition plate polarizer is arranged in the square waveguide part, a main polarization output and a cross polarization output are arranged at the position, corresponding to the square waveguide part, of the circular polarizer, and the main polarization output and the cross polarization output are oppositely arranged.

Furthermore, the probe of the main polarization output and the probe of the cross polarization output both adopt a broadband disc coupling structure.

Furthermore, a plurality of differential mode output joints which are in one-to-one correspondence with the couplers are installed on the installation end, and the differential mode output joints are connected with the corresponding couplers.

Furthermore, the circular waveguide, the waveguide cavity and the horn antenna are filled with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene.

Furthermore, the reflecting panel is a rectangular paraboloid, and four sides of the rectangular paraboloid are arc-shaped cut edges.

The utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:

the utility model discloses an among the antenna, a plurality of feeds that adopt are arranged according to the honeycomb, feed phase center and parabolic focus coincidence only of center, other each feed phase center fit a contraceptive ring focus evenly distributed at the focal plane, all be in the horizontal state of focusing partially, the antenna pattern of focusing partially can be to feed opposite position's direction radiation, consequently for central feed, the radiation pattern of certain declination that the feed of focusing partially produced, reach the function of radiation scanning, can realize the multibeam radiation function, and this kind of structure processing installation is all more convenient, the technical requirement low easy realization.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of fig. 1 after the reflective panel is folded;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a feed cluster of the multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of fig. 1;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a reflective panel of the multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of fig. 1;

figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a mounting base of the multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of figure 1;

figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the multi-beam feed coverage of the multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of figure 1;

fig. 7 is an antenna pattern corresponding to the intermediate feed of the multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of fig. 1;

fig. 8 is an antenna pattern corresponding to a feed that is laterally offset to the right for the multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of fig. 1;

fig. 9 is an antenna pattern corresponding to a feed that is laterally offset to the left for the multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of fig. 1;

figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the feed structure of the multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of figure 1;

figure 11 is a schematic structural view of a mounting hole of a feed base of the multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of figure 1;

fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an outlet hole of a feed base of the multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of fig. 1;

fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a circular polarizer of the multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of fig. 1;

fig. 14 is a side view of a circular polarizer of the multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of fig. 1;

fig. 15 is a front view of the circular polarizer of the multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of fig. 1;

fig. 16 is a sectional view taken along line a in fig. 15.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-9, the embodiment of the utility model provides a multi-beam offset feed plane antenna, including installation base 1, install reflection panel 2 and feed base 3 on installation base 1, install a cluster feed 4 on feed base 3, a cluster feed 4 installs on installation base 1 through feed base 3 promptly, a cluster feed 4 sets up towards reflection panel 2, specifically, installation base 1 has two relative tip, reflection panel 2 installs in one of them tip, a cluster feed 4 then installs in another tip, refine a structure of a cluster feed 4, it includes a plurality of feeds 5, the phase center of each feed 5 all is located reflection panel 2's focal plane, and the phase center of one of them feed 5 coincides with reflection panel 2's focus, in addition, each feed 5's phase center deviates reflection panel 2's focus. In this embodiment, 7 feed sources 5 are provided, and 7 feed sources 5 are arranged in a honeycomb structure, wherein one feed source 5 is located at a middle position, and each feed source 5 is distributed outside the middle feed source 5, and a phase center of the feed source 5 located at the middle position coincides with a focal point of the reflective panel 2, and a phase center of each feed source 5 located at the outer side deviates from the focal point of the reflective panel 2, that is, the phase center of each feed source 5 located at the outer side is annularly and uniformly arranged around the focal point of the reflective panel 2, so that it is indicated that phase center ring focal points of the feed sources 5 located at the outer side are uniformly distributed and are all in a lateral off-focal state, and off-focal antenna pattern radiates in a direction opposite to the position of the feed source 5, so that with respect to the central feed source 5, the off-focal feed source 5 generates a radiation pattern with a certain off-angle, the function of radiation scanning is achieved, and the function of multi-beam radiation can be achieved. Although the deflection of focus can cause the directional diagram of the antenna to deteriorate, the beam direction changes obviously, the gain is reduced gradually and the sidelobe level rises along with the increase of the deflection distance, the width of the surface lobe is kept unchanged basically, the deflection distance is not too large for ensuring the performance of the antenna after the deflection of focus, the distance between the cluster feed sources 4 can be reduced, and the cross section size of the feed source 5 is reduced, so that the cluster feed sources 4 are arranged as compact as possible, the sidelobe level on one side is prevented from being improved, and the beam shape is asymmetric. The antenna adopts 7 independent feed sources 5 to irradiate a common reflecting surface to realize multi-beam coverage, the bandwidth coverage of the antenna is 18-20 GHz, the width of a single beam is 1.5 degrees, the gain is 42dB, particularly, 7 feed sources 5 realize 7 radiation beams, the radiation gain of the center is the highest and reaches 44.5dB, and the radiation gain of peripheral feed sources 5 is about 42.5 dB. The multi-beam stacking is realized by utilizing the phase shift characteristic generated by the transverse deflection of the plurality of feed sources 5 in the focal plane, and the superposition coverage state among the multi-beams is obtained by reasonably controlling the deflection displacement. The center beam overlaps the edge off-focus beam at-10 dB, with 7 beams covering about 0.8 degrees at 10dB in elevation, and 7 beams covering 2.5 degrees in total. The feed source 5 has good directional diagram symmetry and roundness, so that the focused beam has good consistency, the gain loss of the focused beam is small, and the expected requirements can be met. The geometric layout of the 7 feed sources 5 is shown in figure 10, the 1-7 feed sources 5 have the working frequency of 17.7-20.2 GHz, and the 2-7 feed sources 5 are designed in a miniaturized mode, so that the 7 feed sources 5 can be closely arranged together at smaller intervals, and the influence of the deflection focus of the feed sources 5 on the radiation of the antenna is reduced. The reflecting panel 2 adopts a rectangular paraboloid, four sides of the rectangular paraboloid are arc-shaped cut edges 21, the rectangular paraboloid can be formed by cutting a rectangular surface from a complete revolution paraboloid, the backward radiation can be reduced, the size of the general rectangular paraboloid is about 1500x850mm, and the focal diameter ratio is 0.6.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, in a preferred embodiment, the reflection panel 2 is mounted on the mounting base 1 through a mounting bracket 22, and the mounting bracket 22 is rotatably connected with the mounting base 1. In this embodiment, the reflection panel 2 can be folded onto the mounting base 1 by the rotatable connection between the mounting bracket 22 and the mounting base 1, and the rotation axis is parallel to the mounting base 1, so that the antenna can be folded and retracted during transportation or storage, and can be applied to a vehicle-mounted or ship-mounted environment. Generally, the mounting base 1 has a reinforcing rib 11 bent upward at an end corresponding to the reflection panel 2, and the mounting bracket 22 is rotatably coupled to the reinforcing rib 11 by a hinge. In addition, each feed source 5 adopts a single-channel single-pulse tracking system of a TE21 mode, and the mounting base 1 is arranged on a two-axis or three-axis servo mechanism, so that the functions of real-time satellite tracking or communication in motion and the like can be realized.

Referring to fig. 1 and 10-13, the structure of one side of the cluster feed source 4 is refined, one side of the feed source base 3 facing the reflection panel 2 is provided with mounting holes 31, the mounting holes 31 correspond to the feed sources 5 in number one to one, the arrangement mode of the mounting holes 31 on the feed source base 3 is the same as that of the feed sources 5, one of the mounting holes 31 is located at the central position, in addition, the mounting holes 31 are uniformly distributed around the mounting hole 31 in an annular mode, the size of each mounting hole 31 located on the outer side is the same and smaller than that of the mounting hole 31 in the middle, and part of each feed source 5 extends into the corresponding mounting hole 31, so that the mounting and the fixation of the feed source 5. The feed source base 3 is further provided with wire outlet holes 32 corresponding to the feed sources 5 one to one, the mounting holes 31 are formed in one side, facing the reflecting panel 2, of the feed source base 3, and the wire outlet holes 32 are formed in one side, facing away from the reflecting panel 2, of the feed source base 3.

Referring to fig. 1 and 10, the feed 5 structure is further refined, and includes a circular polarizer 51, a horn antenna 52, and a circular waveguide 53, the horn antenna 52 is disposed toward the reflective panel 2, the circular polarizer 51 is mounted on the feed base 3, the circular waveguide 53 connects the circular polarizer 51 and the horn antenna 52, a plurality of couplers 54 are mounted on the surface of the circular waveguide 53, and the couplers 54 are sequentially disposed along the circumferential direction of the circular waveguide 53. The coupler 54 adopts a TE21 mode coupler 54, 8 couplers 54 are arranged on each circular waveguide 53, the TE21 mode coupler 54 has the function of fully coupling and receiving TE21 high-order modes generated by the deviation of the axis of the antenna from a signal source, receiving TE21 mode signals through the 8 mode couplers 54, sending the TE21 mode signals to a back end circuit to calculate the deviation angle of the signal source, exciting TE21 mode electromagnetic waves in the circular waveguide 53, wherein the amplitude and the deviation pitch angle of the TE21 mode electromagnetic waves are related to the azimuth angle of an incident signal, and the phase and the azimuth angle of the incident electromagnetic waves can be reversely deduced by knowing the amplitude and the phase of the TE21 mode, so that a servo circuit is driven to realize antenna tracking and alignment.

Referring to fig. 13-16, further, the circular polarizer 51 has a mounting end 511 and a waveguide cavity 512, the waveguide cavity 512 is connected with the circular waveguide 53 through the mounting end 511, the waveguide cavity 512 has a circular waveguide portion 514 butted with the circular waveguide 53 and a square waveguide portion 515 communicated with the circular waveguide portion 514, and specifically, the waveguide cavity 512 has a through hole structure, one end of the waveguide is a mounting end 511, the other end is blocked by a waveguide short-circuit plate 513, the waveguide short-circuit plate 513 is used for closing the waveguide cavity to realize about one quarter of a short-circuit surface, the connection between the circular polarizer 51 and the circular waveguide 53 is achieved by the mounting end 511, the mounting end 511 is of a flange-like structure, the circular waveguide portion 514 communicates with the circular waveguide 53, whereby the circular waveguide portion 514 is located at a side of the waveguide cavity 512 near the mounting end 511, and the square waveguide portion 515 is located at a side of the waveguide short-circuiting plate 513, wherein the circular waveguide portion 514 is tapered along the vicinity of the square waveguide portion 515 so as to be butted against the square waveguide portion 515; a diaphragm polarizer 516 is provided in the square waveguide portion 515, and a main polarization output 517 and a cross polarization output 518 are provided at positions of the circular polarizer 51 corresponding to the square waveguide portion 515, and the two outputs are disposed oppositely. In this embodiment, the circular polarizer 51 may realize conversion from a rectangular waveguide TE10 mode to a circular waveguide TE11 mode, the partition polarizer 516 has a stepped structure, and the stepped waveguide transformation section of the partition polarizer 516 realizes equal-amplitude TE10 and TE01 modes with orthogonal phases, thereby realizing circular polarized waves of the antenna feed 5. The main polarization and the cross polarization feed are respectively fed in from the upper surface and the lower surface of the circular polarizer 51, left-handed circular polarized waves and right-handed circular polarized waves are respectively excited in the square waveguide, the two polarized waves are mutually cross polarized, and the polarization isolation reaches 40dB, so that the two polarized waves can not interfere with each other and can be independently transmitted, and the left-handed and right-handed double circular polarization duplex work can be realized. The probes 519 of the main polarization output 517 and the probes 519 of the cross polarization output 518 are all broadband disc coupling structures, specifically, the two probes 519 extend into the square waveguide portion 515 and are located on two opposite sides of the partition plate polarizer 516, and can cover 15-23 GHz.

Referring to fig. 10, 14 and 15, a plurality of differential mode output taps 55 corresponding to the couplers 54 one by one are further mounted on the mounting end 511, and the differential mode output taps 55 are connected to the corresponding couplers 54. Specifically, a screw hole 520 is provided on the mounting end 511, the mounting end 511 and the circular polarizer 51 are connected and fixed through the screw hole 520, in addition, a connector mounting hole 521 and a connector fixing hole 522 are further provided on the mounting end 511, wherein the connector mounting holes 521 correspond to the differential mode output connectors 55 one to one and are formed by opening the edge of the mounting end 511, each connector mounting hole 521 corresponds to two connector fixing holes 522 and is located between the two connector fixing holes 522, the differential mode output connector 55 passes through the corresponding connector mounting hole 521, the mounting plate of the differential mode output connector 55 is connected and fixed through the two connector fixing holes 522, and a positioning pin 523 is generally further provided on the mounting end 511, so as to facilitate positioning and mounting between the mounting end 511 and the circular polarizer 523. The circular waveguide 53, the waveguide cavity 512 and the horn antenna 52 are all filled with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. The dielectric constant of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene is 1.65, the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene has a micropore structure, the adjustment of the dielectric constant can be realized by adjusting the size and proportion of micropores, the material has low loss and high thermal stability, the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene is filled in the circular waveguide 53, the waveguide cavity 512 and the horn antenna 52, and the size of the TE21 coupler 54 can be reduced to 77% of the original size. Due to the fact that the size is reduced, the caliber of the single feed source 5 is reduced, and the gain of the feed source 5 filled with the medium is reduced by 1.5 dB. Therefore, the gain of the miniaturized feed source 5 is 1.5dB lower than that of the feed source 5 with the original size, and the total gain of the offset focus miniaturized feed source 5 is reduced by 2dB due to the offset focus and the like. The distance between the peripheral 6-unit feed source 5 and the central feed source 5 is 60mm, the focal distance is 1100mm, the deflection angle is about 3.1 degrees, and the antenna radiation deterioration threshold value is less than 5 degrees, so that the influence on the deflection is small.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna, includes the installation base, in install reflection panel and feed base on the installation base, its characterized in that: and a cluster feed source is arranged on the feed source base and comprises a plurality of feed sources, the phase center of each feed source is positioned on the focal plane of the reflecting panel, the phase center of one feed source is superposed with the focal point of the reflecting panel, and the phase center of each feed source deviates from the focal point of the reflecting panel.

2. The multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of claim 1, wherein: the reflection panel is arranged on the mounting base through a mounting bracket, and the mounting bracket is rotatably connected with the mounting base.

3. The multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of claim 1, wherein: the phase centers of the feeds, the phase centers of which are offset from the focal point of the reflective panel, are uniformly distributed annularly around the focal point of the reflective panel.

4. The multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of claim 1, wherein: and one side of the feed source base facing the reflection panel is provided with mounting holes corresponding to the feed sources one to one, and one of the mounting holes is positioned in the central position surrounded by the other mounting holes.

5. The multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of claim 1, wherein: the feed source comprises a circular polarizer, a horn antenna and a circular waveguide, the horn antenna faces the reflecting panel, the circular polarizer is installed on the feed source base, the circular waveguide is connected with the circular polarizer and the horn antenna, the circular waveguide surface is provided with a plurality of couplers, and the couplers are arranged along the circumferential direction of the circular waveguide in sequence.

6. The multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of claim 5, wherein: the circular polarizer is provided with a mounting end and a waveguide cavity, the waveguide cavity is connected with a circular waveguide through the mounting end, the waveguide cavity is provided with a circular waveguide part butted with the circular waveguide and a square waveguide part communicated with the circular waveguide part, one end, far away from the circular waveguide part, of the square waveguide part is blocked by a waveguide short circuit plate, a partition plate polarizer is arranged in the square waveguide part, a main polarization output and a cross polarization output are arranged at the position, corresponding to the square waveguide part, of the circular polarizer, and the main polarization output and the cross polarization output are oppositely arranged.

7. The multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of claim 6, wherein: and the probes for main polarization output and the probes for cross polarization output both adopt a broadband disc coupling structure.

8. The multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of claim 6, wherein: and the mounting end is provided with a plurality of differential mode output joints in one-to-one correspondence with the couplers, and the differential mode output joints are connected with the corresponding couplers.

9. The multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of claim 6, wherein: and the circular waveguide, the waveguide cavity and the horn antenna are filled with foamed polytetrafluoroethylene.

10. The multi-beam offset feed reflector antenna of claim 1, wherein: the reflecting panel is a rectangular paraboloid, and four sides of the rectangular paraboloid are arc-shaped trimming edges.

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