WO2019090927A1

WO2019090927A1 - Antenna unit and antenna array

Info

Publication number: WO2019090927A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/118044
Authority: WO
Inventors: 吕超; 汤一君
Original assignee: 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority date: 2017-11-08
Filing date: 2017-12-22
Publication date: 2019-05-16
Also published as: CN207353459U; CN110419144A

Abstract

The present invention provides an antenna unit and an antenna array. An antenna unit (10) of the present invention comprises an upper substrate (1) and a lower substrate (2) arranged at an interval. The upper substrate (1) is provided with at least one parasitic patch (11). The lower substrate (2) is provided with a radiating patch (21) and a feed network (22). The feed network (22) is connected to two corners of the radiating patch (21) by means of two feed points (221). The present invention can achieve better radiation and impedance properties.

Description

Antenna unit and antenna array

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of antennas, and in particular, to an antenna unit and an antenna array.

Background technique

With the development of technology and the increasing demand, circularly polarized antennas have been widely used due to their strong environmental adaptability and good anti-interference performance.

At present, there are various methods for implementing a circularly polarized antenna, such as a single feed method and a multi-feed point method. Among them, the multi-feed point method is to perform excitation through two feeding points, and through the setting of the feeding network, the excitation amplitudes of the two feeding points are equal, and the phases are different by 90° angle, thereby obtaining the circular polarization field of the antenna. . In order to improve the circular polarization performance, a square antenna edge feed is generally used, and the square antenna is cut into an antenna form.

However, in the prior art, the circular polarization antenna has limited circular polarization performance, the pattern has a certain distortion, and the side lobes of the antenna are large.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides an antenna unit and an antenna array, which can achieve better radiation performance and impedance performance.

An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna unit including an upper substrate and a lower substrate which are disposed at intervals. The upper substrate is provided with at least one parasitic patch, and the lower substrate is provided with a radiation piece and a feeding network, and the feeding The electrical network is connected by two feed points and two corners of the radiation sheet.

Optionally, there is a 90° phase difference between the two feed points.

Optionally, the projection of the parasitic patch on the underlying substrate has at least partial overlap with the radiation sheet.

Optionally, the projection of the parasitic patch on the underlying substrate covers the radiant side of the radiating sheet.

Optionally, an air layer is disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate.

Optionally, the radiating piece is symmetrical with respect to a center line between the two feeding points.

Optionally, the feeding network includes two microstrip lines respectively connected to the feeding point, and each of the microstrip lines is connected between the feeding point and a feeding position of the feeding network. .

Optionally, the parasitic patch is attached to a lower surface of the upper substrate.

The invention also provides an antenna array comprising at least two antenna elements as described above.

Optionally, the antenna array includes four of the antenna units, four of the antenna units are ring-shaped, and each of the antenna units is rotated by 90° with respect to the adjacent antenna units; The electrical phases are sequentially different by 90°.

The antenna unit of the present invention comprises an upper substrate and a lower substrate which are disposed at intervals. The upper substrate is provided with at least one parasitic patch, the lower substrate is provided with a radiation piece and a feeding network, and the feeding network passes through two feeding points and a radiation piece. The two corners are connected. In this way, the antenna unit can achieve better bandwidth, gain, and circular polarization axis ratio characteristics, thereby achieving excellent radiation performance and impedance performance.

DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief description of the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description It is a certain embodiment of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained from those skilled in the art without any inventive labor.

1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

2 is a side view of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of an underlying substrate in an antenna unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram of matching characteristics of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; FIG.

6 is an axial ratio diagram of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

7 is a schematic view showing different shapes of a radiation patch according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

8 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

9 is a side view of an antenna array according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention when an upper substrate is not included;

11 is a schematic diagram of bandwidth impedance characteristics of an antenna array according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is an E-plane view of an antenna array according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; FIG.

13 is a H-side view of an antenna array according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

14 is a view showing an E-plane axial ratio of an antenna array according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

15 is a H-axis to shaft ratio diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

16 is a perspective view of an antenna array at different frequencies according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

17 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

Figure 18 is a side view of an antenna unit according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

19 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower substrate of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

20 is a schematic diagram of matching characteristics of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

21 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

22 is a perspective view of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

23 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

24 is a side view of an antenna array according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

25 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention, which does not include an upper substrate;

26 is a schematic diagram of a bandwidth standing wave ratio of an antenna array according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

27 is an E-plane view of an antenna array according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

Figure 28 is a H-side view of an antenna array according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Description of the reference signs:

1-upper substrate; 2-lower substrate; 11-parasitic patch; 21-radiation sheet; 22-feed network; 211-radiation side; 221-feed point; 10-antenna unit;

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is a partial embodiment of the invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. 2 is a side view of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. 3 is a schematic structural view of an underlying substrate in an antenna unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 , the antenna unit provided in this embodiment includes an upper substrate 1 and a lower substrate 2 which are disposed at intervals. The upper substrate 1 is provided with at least one parasitic patch 11 , and the lower substrate 2 is provided with a radiation sheet. 21 and the feed network 22, the feed network 22 is connected by two feed points 221 and two corners of the radiation sheet 21.

Specifically, the antenna unit is mainly applied to wireless communication of the device, which is usually located between the transceiver and the electromagnetic wave propagation space, and realizes effective energy transmission and information transmission by electromagnetic waves between the two, and thus can be regarded as A sensor that converts between RF signals and electromagnetic waves. The antenna unit of the present embodiment generally includes a portion such as an upper substrate 1 and a lower substrate 2 for normal communication. The lower substrate 2 serves as a main signal generating portion of the antenna unit, and specifically includes a feeding network 22 and a radiation sheet 21 coupled to the feeding network 22. The radiation sheet 21 is generally made of a conductive medium and has a specific structure capable of radiating the received electrical signal to the external space in the form of electromagnetic waves or receiving electromagnetic waves from the external space. The feed network 22 and the radiating sheet 21 are coupled to realize the connection between the radiating sheet 21 and the signal transceiver and the energy transmission, thereby enabling the antenna unit to transmit signals between the transceiver and the external space. Generally, the radiation sheet is usually a square structure.

In order to feed the feed web 22 to the radiating patch 21, the antenna unit can have a variety of feed forms. In order to achieve better antenna performance, the feed network 22 can generally feed the antenna unit by means of angle feed. Compared with the general feed-feeding method, the feed-feeding point 221 is located at the corner of the radiator patch, which allows the antenna to have a lower profile and allows the feed network 22 and radiation due to the angular feed mode. The sheet 21 is located on the same dielectric sheet and is less expensive. Specifically, in this embodiment, the feeding network 22 is respectively connected to the two corners of the radiation piece 21 through the two feeding points 221, thereby implementing the angular feed feeding of the antenna unit. The corner portion of the radiation piece 21 connected to the two feeding points 221 may be two adjacent corner portions or two non-adjacent corner portions. In this embodiment, the feeding point 221 is connected. Two adjacent corner portions of the radiation sheet 21 will be described as an example.

At this time, in order to improve the performance of the gain and the bandwidth of the antenna, the upper substrate 1 is further provided above the lower substrate 2 of the antenna unit, and the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 2 are spaced apart from each other, and the upper substrate 1 is provided with a parasitic patch. Slice 11. The parasitic patch 11 is also generally constructed of a conductive medium such that the parasitic patch 11 is disposed adjacent to the radiation sheet 21 but does not contact the radiation sheet 21. When the parasitic patch 11 receives the radiant energy from the radiation sheet 21, an induced current is generated, and an externally radiated electric field is generated according to the induced current, thereby coupling with the radiation sheet 21 on the lower substrate 2, and forming The new resonance enhances the radiation capability of the radiation sheet 21, thereby effectively expanding the bandwidth of the antenna unit and increasing the gain of the antenna unit.

Generally, the upper substrate 1 of the antenna unit may be a glass fiber epoxy copper clad laminate, such as an FR4 copper clad laminate, etc., so that the upper substrate 1 can ensure good electrical insulation performance, and between the parasitic patch 11 and the lower portion of the antenna unit. A good resonant circuit is formed. The underlying substrate 2 can also be made of a similar dielectric material.

Specifically, when the antenna unit radiates electromagnetic waves to the external space, the spatial direction of the end point of the electric field vector in the electromagnetic wave, that is, the polarization direction of the antenna, may have various forms. For example, linear polarization and circular polarization.

Generally, when the antenna unit is applied to communication of a small unmanned aerial vehicle or the like, the installation direction of the antenna is relatively fixed, and in some cases, the multipath effect of electromagnetic wave transmission is more obvious, which may cause signal interference. . When the angle between the plane of polarization of the radio wave and the normal plane of the earth changes periodically from 0 to 360 degrees, that is, the magnitude of the electric field does not change, and the direction changes with time, the trajectory of the end of the electric field vector generated by the antenna element The projection on a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation is a circle called circular polarization. The circularly polarized antenna can radiate a circularly polarized wave, and the circularly polarized wave can be decomposed into equal-amplitude polarized waves that are orthogonal in space and time, that is, the amplitudes of the two linearly polarized waves are equal, and the phase difference is 90. degree. When a circularly polarized wave is incident on a symmetrical target such as a plane or a spherical surface, the polarization of the reflected wave will have an opposite direction of rotation, which is orthogonal to the incident wave, thereby generating an isolation effect, thereby suppressing rain and fog interference and other multipaths. The ability to effect. When a circularly polarized wave is irradiated on water droplets in rain or fog, since the water droplet is approximately circular, the circularly polarized wave of the reverse rotation direction is reflected and filtered by the device, and the asymmetric obstacle or the flying target The reflected wave has a circularly polarized wave component with the same direction of rotation, which can be detected smoothly, which can effectively reduce the interference of multipath effect and improve the reliability of detection and communication.

In this embodiment, the antenna unit is a circularly polarized antenna. In order to cause the antenna unit to generate a circularly polarized wave, it is possible to have a phase difference of 90° between the two feeding points 221 in the antenna unit. Thus, the linearly polarized signal passing through the feed network 22 is distributed into two signals having the same amplitude and phase difference of 90° through the 90° phase difference between the feed points 221, and the two signals are input to the feed point 221 through the feed point 221. After the two corners of the radiation sheet 21, a circularly polarized signal can be realized.

Specifically, in this embodiment, when the antenna unit is a circularly polarized antenna, since the radiation piece 21 in the antenna unit adopts an angle feed feeding mode, and the parasitic patch 11 is disposed in the upper substrate 1, the present invention can effectively provide The performance of various aspects such as the bandwidth of the antenna unit. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of matching characteristics of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 6 is an axial ratio diagram of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the antenna unit provided in this embodiment has a center relative bandwidth ratio of 18.1%, and the gain reaches 8.2 dB, the beam width of 3 dB is 70 degrees, and the axis within the 3 dB beam width. The ratio is less than 4dB, with a wider bandwidth and better directional gain.

As an alternative embodiment, the projection of the parasitic patch 11 on the underlying substrate 2 has at least partial overlap with the radiation sheet 21. For example, the parasitic patch 11 and the radiation sheet 21 completely overlap. At this time, the projection of the parasitic patch 11 on the lower substrate 2 can have the same shape size and position as the radiation sheet 21, so that the two sides are completely correspondingly arranged; Alternatively, the parasitic patch 11 has a larger area than the radiation sheet 21, so that the radiation sheet 21 is completely covered by the projection of the parasitic patch 11, and the like.

Alternatively, the projection of the parasitic patch 11 on the lower substrate 2 may also overlap with a portion of the radiation sheet 21. At this time, the shape or relative position of the parasitic patch 11 and the radiation sheet 21 can be adjusted to have better antenna performance.

Further, since the radiation piece 21 of the antenna unit radiates electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic wave is mainly emitted from a certain edge of the radiation piece 21, so that the edge is the radiation edge 211 of the radiation piece 21. Therefore, in order to increase the gain effect of the parasitic patch 11 on the radiation sheet 21, the projection of the parasitic patch 11 on the lower substrate 2 covers the radiation side 211 of the radiation sheet 21. Thus, a strong resonance can be formed between the parasitic patch 11 and the radiation sheet 21, thereby effectively enhancing the bandwidth and gain of the antenna unit, and ensuring that the antenna unit has excellent long-distance communication and detection capabilities.

In this embodiment, since the antenna unit feeds in an angular feed manner, the radiating edge 211 of the radiating sheet 21 generally includes a side edge of the radiating sheet 21 away from the feeding point 221, that is, opposite to the feeding point 221. One side edge. The projection of the parasitic patch 11 covers the edge, that is, when the radiation sheet 21 radiates electromagnetic waves, a strong resonant electric field is generated by coupling, and the radiation performance of the radiation sheet 21 is improved.

Optionally, in order to ensure coupling and resonance between the parasitic patch 11 and the radiation sheet 21, it is generally required to ensure better insulation between the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 2. Generally, the upper layer substrate 1 and the lower substrate 2 may be an air layer 3, that is, directly separated by air. As a good insulator, air can provide insulation between the parasitic patch 11 on the upper substrate 1 and the radiation sheet 21 on the lower substrate 2 in the antenna unit, so that the parasitic patch 11 in the antenna unit can work normally to achieve more Good performance avoids the failure of the parasitic patch 11 due to contact conduction between the parasitic patch 11 and the radiation sheet 21. At the same time, air is used as the insulating layer between the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 2, and as long as a small gap is maintained between the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 2, air can be insulated from each other, and on the upper substrate 1 and the lower layer. Compared with the method of providing an insulating layer or an insulating spacer formed of an insulating material between the substrates 2, a very small gap can be formed between the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 2, and the formed antenna unit has a small thickness. That is, the cross section of the antenna unit is low. When the antenna unit is disposed on the outer surface of the aircraft, the height of the antenna unit protruding from the outer surface of the aircraft is low, and a good conformity can be formed with the aircraft.

Optionally, in the antenna unit, the width of the gap between the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 2, that is, the thickness of the formed air layer 3 may be generally in the range of 0.077λ to 0.5λ. Where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the antenna element.

As a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the air layer 3 between the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 2 may be set to be small, and may be set to 0.077λ. Thus, the thickness of the air layer 3 of the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 2 is small, and thus the antenna unit also has a small overall thickness, thereby achieving a lower antenna profile.

Specifically, the radiation sheet 21 is symmetrical with respect to a center line between the two feed points 221. At this time, the radiation piece 21 in the antenna unit is an axisymmetric structure symmetric with respect to the center line, and the left and right sides of the center line have symmetric and uniform radiation characteristics. Thus, the opposite polarization form can be achieved by simply mirroring the antenna elements.

Furthermore, a triangular groove can also be formed on the radiant side 211 of the radiation sheet 21. Generally, the triangular groove is opened at the central position of the radiating edge 211. The triangular groove can improve the isolation of the antenna and the current of the radiation piece 21 to the left and right symmetry to achieve a good circle with respect to the radiant side 211 without a triangular groove. Polarization characteristics.

Specifically, among the corner portions of the radiation sheet 21, the corner corner portion not connected to the feeding point 221 may have a chamfer angle. Thus, the apex angle of the radiation piece 21 which is not connected to the feeding point 221 is cut off, and the standing wave of the antenna unit can be improved to ensure the matching between the components inside the antenna unit.

Specifically, the radiation patch in the antenna unit may also have a plurality of different shapes. For example, the radiation patch may have a shape such as a square, a circle, a ring, and a square chamfer. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing different shapes of a radiation patch according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 7, the shape of the radiation patch in (a) is square, the radiation patch in (b) is circular, the radiation patch in (c) is annular, and the shape of the radiation patch in (d) is Square shape with a chamfered shape with the corners cut. In addition, the radiation patch can also be in other different shapes, which will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

In general, the parasitic patch 11 also has a plurality of different installation positions on the upper substrate 1. For example, the parasitic patch 11 may be located on the upper surface or the lower surface of the upper substrate 1, or the like.

As an alternative embodiment, in order to increase the coupling electric field between the parasitic patch 11 and the radiation sheet 21, the parasitic patch 11 is attached to the lower surface of the upper substrate 1. At this time, the distance between the parasitic patch 11 and the radiation sheet 21 is relatively close, and a strong coupling electric field can be formed, thereby effectively increasing the bandwidth of the antenna unit and the gain of the antenna unit.

In order to realize the transmission of the radio frequency signal with the radiation sheet 21, the feed network 22 may specifically include two microstrip lines respectively connected to the feeding point 221, and each microstrip line is connected to the feeding point 221 and the feeding network. 22 between the feeding positions. The microstrip line is a microwave transmission line composed of a single conductor strip supported on a dielectric substrate. It is suitable for making planar structure transmission lines of microwave integrated circuits. Compared with metal waveguides, it has the advantages of small size, light weight, frequency bandwidth, high reliability and low manufacturing cost. The microstrip line can be made of metal or other conductor material.

In this embodiment, the antenna unit includes an upper substrate and a lower substrate which are disposed at intervals. The upper substrate is provided with at least one parasitic patch, the lower substrate is provided with a radiation piece and a feeding network, and the feeding network passes through two feeding points and The two corners of the radiation sheet are connected. In this way, the antenna unit can achieve better bandwidth, gain, and circular polarization axis ratio characteristics, thereby achieving excellent radiation performance and impedance performance.

Embodiment 2

Based on the antenna unit of the first embodiment, the present invention further provides an antenna array capable of achieving better antenna performance by using the excellent bandwidth and gain characteristics of the antenna unit of the first embodiment. FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 9 is a side view of an antenna array according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention when an upper substrate is not included. As shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 9, and FIG. 10, the antenna array 100 provided in this embodiment includes at least two antenna units 10 as described in the foregoing first embodiment. The structure and working principle of the antenna unit 10 are as described above. The detailed description is given in the first embodiment, and details are not described herein again.

In this way, after the antenna unit 10 is formed into the antenna array 100, since the antenna array 100 has a plurality of antenna units 10, the antenna units 10 can be respectively disposed in different directions to improve the omnidirectionality and reliability of the antenna array.

The antenna array 100 may include four antenna units 10, and the four antenna units 10 are ring-shaped, and each antenna unit 10 is rotated by 90° with respect to the adjacent antenna units; the feeding phases of the antenna units 10 are sequentially different by 90°. .

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8 , in the antenna array 100 , adjacent antenna elements 10 are perpendicular to each other, and starting from the antenna unit in the lower left corner, the feeding phase of the antenna unit 10 is sequentially delayed by 0 degrees, 90 degrees, and 180 degrees. Degrees and 270 degrees, so that the four antenna elements 10 constitute an antenna rotation array, which can achieve good antenna characteristics in all directions.

Optionally, in the antenna array 100, in order to avoid interference between adjacent antenna elements while ensuring overall antenna performance of the antenna array 100, the spacing between adjacent two antenna elements 10 is generally maintained at 0.5λ to 0.8. Between λ, where λ is the wavelength of the antenna unit 10. A suitable array spacing can improve the signal of the antenna unit 10, ensuring that the antenna array 100 is functioning properly. The spacing between two adjacent antenna elements 10 can be kept at 0.61λ.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing bandwidth impedance characteristics of an antenna array according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 12 is an E-plane diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, the antenna array 100 in this embodiment has a gain of 12 dBi, a 3 dB beamwidth of 42 degrees, a main side-to-side ratio of the antenna of more than 15 dB, and a front-to-back ratio of more than 11 dB.

FIG. 13 is a view showing a H-plane direction of an antenna array according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. It has similar characteristics to those of FIG.

FIG. 14 is a view showing an E-plane axial ratio of the antenna array according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 15 is a view showing a H-axis axial ratio of an antenna array according to a second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15, it can be seen that in the antenna array, the 3 dB beam width of the axial ratio is larger than the 3 dB beam width of the antenna main lobe.

16 is an axial ratio diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention at different frequencies. As shown in Fig. 16, the antenna array has good axial ratio characteristics. In the 15.1% bandwidth, the axial ratio of the antenna is less than 1 dB, and the axial bandwidth of 3 dB is 18.5%.

In this embodiment, the antenna array includes at least two antenna units; wherein the antenna unit includes an upper substrate and a lower substrate which are disposed at intervals, the upper substrate is provided with at least one parasitic patch, and the lower substrate is provided with a radiation piece and a feeding network. The feed network is connected by two feed points and two corners of the radiation sheet. In this way, the antenna array can achieve better bandwidth, gain, and circular polarization axis ratio characteristics, thereby achieving excellent radiation performance and impedance performance.

Embodiment 3

In the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the antenna unit is a circularly polarized antenna as an example. When the antenna unit is a linearly polarized antenna, the same applies to a similar antenna unit structure. FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Figure 18 is a side elevational view of an antenna unit according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower substrate of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 17 to FIG. 19, the antenna unit provided in this embodiment also has an antenna unit structure similar to that in the first embodiment, that is, specifically includes an upper substrate 1 and a lower substrate 2 which are disposed at intervals, and the upper substrate 1 is provided with at least A parasitic patch 11, a lower substrate 2 is provided with a radiation sheet 21 and a feed network 22, and the feed network 22 is connected by two feed points 221 and two corners of the radiation sheet 21.

The antenna unit provided in this embodiment is similar to the antenna unit in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, and is not described here. The difference is that the antenna provided in this embodiment is different. In the unit, when the feeding network 22 implements the feeding, the two feeding points 221 are fed in the same phase, that is, the phase difference between the two feeding points 221 is zero. Thus, the two feeding points 221 are fed in the same direction by the angular feed mode, so that the antenna unit generates linear polarized waves for detection and signal transmission.

20 is a schematic diagram of matching characteristics of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Figure 21 is a perspective view of an antenna unit according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Figure 22 is a perspective view of an axial direction of an antenna unit according to a third embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figures 20, 21 and 22, the antenna elements have a relative bandwidth of 15.4%. And the gain of the antenna is 8.2dBi, and the 3dB beam width of the E plane is 70 degrees.

In this embodiment, the antenna unit includes an upper substrate and a lower substrate which are disposed at intervals. The upper substrate is provided with at least one parasitic patch, the lower substrate is provided with a radiation piece and a feeding network, and the feeding network passes through two feeding points and The two corners of the radiation patch are connected, and the phase difference between the two feed points is zero when the feed network is implemented. In this way, the antenna unit can achieve better bandwidth, gain and linear polarization performance, thereby achieving excellent radiation performance and impedance performance.

Embodiment 4

When the antenna unit is a linearly polarized antenna, the plurality of antenna elements can still constitute an antenna array structure similar to that of the second embodiment. FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Figure 24 is a side elevational view of an antenna array according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention, which does not include an upper substrate. As shown in FIG. 23, FIG. 24 and FIG. 25, similar to the foregoing embodiment 2, the antenna array 200 also includes a plurality of antenna elements 20. The structure and the working principle of the antenna unit 20 are the same as those of the antenna unit in the foregoing Embodiment 3, that is, specifically including an upper substrate and a lower substrate which are disposed at intervals. The upper substrate is provided with at least one parasitic patch, and the lower substrate is provided with a radiation patch and a feed network, the feed network is connected by two feed points and two corners of the radiation sheet, and the two feed points have a phase difference of 90°, and the feed network is used for feeding The way in which the two feed points feed in the same direction is that the phase difference between the two feed points is zero. The specific structure of the antenna unit has been described in detail in the foregoing Embodiments 1 to 3, and details are not described herein again.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the four antenna elements 20 of the antenna array 200 are symmetrically visited up and down, and are spatially inverted, and the feeding phases of the upper two antenna elements are compared with the feeding of the two antenna elements below. The electrical phase is delayed by 180 degrees to ensure the phase consistency of the antenna.

FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of a bandwidth standing wave ratio of an antenna array according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Figure 27 is a side elevational view of the antenna array of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 28 is a H-side view of an antenna array according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 26, FIG. 27 and FIG. 28, the antenna array 200 in this embodiment has a gain of 12.1 dBi, a main side-to-side ratio of the antenna of more than 13 dB, and a front-to-back ratio of more than 11 dB.

In this embodiment, the antenna array includes a plurality of antenna units, and the antenna unit includes an upper substrate and a lower substrate which are disposed at intervals. The upper substrate is provided with at least one parasitic patch, and the lower substrate is provided with a radiation piece and a feeding network. The feed network is connected by two feed points and two corners of the radiation sheet, and the phase difference between the two feed points is zero when the feed network is implemented. In this way, the antenna array can achieve better bandwidth, gain and linear polarization performance, thereby achieving excellent radiation performance and impedance performance.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to be limiting; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or substitutions do not deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. range.

Claims

An antenna unit, comprising: an upper substrate and a lower substrate which are disposed at intervals, wherein the upper substrate is provided with at least one parasitic patch, and the lower substrate is provided with a radiation piece and a feeding network, and the feeding The network is connected by two feed points and two corners of the radiation sheet.
The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein said two feed points have a phase difference of 90°.
The antenna unit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the projection of the parasitic patch on the underlying substrate at least partially overlaps the radiation sheet.
The antenna unit according to claim 3, wherein the projection of the parasitic patch on the underlying substrate covers a radiating edge of the radiating sheet.
The antenna unit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an air layer is formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate.
The antenna unit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the radiating piece is symmetrical with respect to a center line between the two feeding points.
The antenna unit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the feed network comprises two microstrip lines respectively connected to the feed points, and each of the microstrip lines is connected to the feed The electrical point and the feed location of the feed network.
The antenna unit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the parasitic patch is attached to a lower surface of the upper substrate.
An antenna array, comprising: at least two antenna units, wherein the antenna unit comprises an upper substrate and a lower substrate which are disposed at intervals, wherein the upper substrate is provided with at least one parasitic patch, and the lower substrate is provided with A radiation patch and a feed network are connected by two feed points and two corners of the radiation sheet.
The antenna array of claim 9 wherein said two feed points have a phase difference of 90° therebetween.
The antenna array according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the projection of the parasitic patch on the underlying substrate at least partially overlaps the radiation sheet.
The antenna array according to claim 11, wherein the projection of the parasitic patch on the underlying substrate covers a radiating edge of the radiating sheet.
The antenna array according to claim 9 or 10, wherein an air layer is formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate.
The antenna array according to claim 9 or 10, wherein said radiating sheet is symmetrical with respect to a center line between the two feeding points.
The antenna array according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the feed network comprises two microstrip lines respectively connected to the feed points, and each of the microstrip lines is connected to the feed The electrical point and the feed location of the feed network.
The antenna array according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the parasitic patch is attached to a lower surface of the upper substrate.
The antenna array according to claim 9, comprising four said antenna units, four of said antenna units are arranged in a ring shape, and each of said antenna elements is rotated 90 with respect to said adjacent antenna elements °; the feeding phase of the antenna unit is sequentially different by 90°.